VIDHYADEEP INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY,KIM

(CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT)

SUBJECT:- SUMMER INTERNSHIP (MINI PROJECT)
(7TH SEM)
Prepared By
UTTAM B. MAVANI 190943106008
TOPIC:- Municipal Solid Waste Management in Surat City
Guide By
PRITIKA R. PATEL

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“INTERNATIONAL INNOVATIVE UNIVERSITY”

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SURAT CITY 1

 VIDHYADEEP INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY,KIM

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report submitted for the subject
SUMMERINTERNSHIP entitled "MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN SURAT CITY "accurate knowledge has been
carried out By UTTAM MAVANI (190943106008) at civil Engineering
department of VIDHYADEEP INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY of Partial Fulfilment B.E Degree to be awarded by
Gujarat Technological University. This project work has been carried out
under supervision.

DATE:-

INTERNAL H.O.D. EXTERNAL

GUIDE (Civil Department) EXAMINAR
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I wish to express my sincere gratitude and regard to my seminar
guide Prof. PRITIKA R. PATEL for helping me so much and showing her
interest and co-operation in completing this work.
I would also like thank my parents, friends and all members of my
family encouraging me for this work. This work would not have
culminated into the present form without his invaluable suggestions and
generous help.
I am thankful to the college personnel for providing their valuable
suggestions and allowing me to use and experience their facilities for the
seminar.
I am thankful to all faculties and friends at VIDHYADEEP
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY who not only
provided valuable suggestions and constant help during my work but also
made my stay at the college an enjoyable experience.

UTTAM MAVANI - 190943106008

 ABSTRACT
A major area of concern all over the world is the hazard of
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). A rapid increase in Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW) is witnessed in our developing country, India that is
gearing up for expansion and rising in population. A system that
carries out the generation of waste, storage, collection, transportation,
processing and final disposal of the solid waste is called Solid Waste
Management (SWM). This service is rendered to the society by the
Urban Local Bodies (UBL) in our country India. The Solid Waste
Management (SWM) is a major problem for the local bodies in urban
areas of India as industrialization; urbanization and rise in the
economic condition are seen responsible for the increase in
generation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) per person. The
paper aims to throw light on the practices of solid waste management,
the issues faced because of it, the existing scenario of MSW, the steps
taken by the Surat Municipal Corporation and the legislations of
SWM 2016 associated with the system of waste management in
Surat. Recommendations on how to effectively manage the waste, the
innovative and modern techniques employed by the Surat Municipal
Corporation under the regulations of MSW 2016 have been discussed
here. The data has been taken from the records of Surat Municipal
Corporation. Several lacunas in the present system of Solid waste
management of Surat have been observed as per the SWM rules
2016.
 LIST OF CONTENTS
SR.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE.NO.
CERTIFICATE 2
AKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
ABSTRACT 4
1 INTRODUCTION 7
2 HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION 8
3 UNDERLYING GEOLOGY 11
4 TILTING OF TOWER 13
5 REMEDIAL MEASURES TAKEN 14
6 PERMANENT STABILIZATION 17
PURPOSED
7 ADDITIONAL FOUNDATION 20
STABILIZATION WORKS
8 WHAT WE LEARN? 21
9 CONCLUSION 22
10 REFERENCES 23
I. ISSUES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Surat Municipal Corporation faces several issues in the

managing of solid waste generated in the city. There is a lack
of awareness in the public that waste should be stored at the
source only. Public is not conscious and sensitive towards
green and clean environment. Public is not actively
participating in keeping the city neat and clean. Also there is a
lack of good governance for the same.

Nobody wants dustbin, dumping site etc. nearby there house.

Effective and efficient solid waste management is challenging
because millions of people are involved and it is very difficult
to educate every individual for the storage of waste at sources.
II. HYPOTHESIS

In Surat all the rules regarding solid waste management is not

being followed completely. Lots of things are to be followed
in a strict manner for efficient waste management.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The data has been obtained from Surat Municipal Corporation

and other reliable sources, studied and correlated with the
present investigation. The research work includes the waste
collection, transportation, disposal, issues in waste
management and legal aspects of and laws relating to waste
management in India.
IV. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The most significant that SMC is expected to create awareness

among its citizens for separating waste at source. The rules
regarding waste management should be implemented very
strictly. SMC is lacking in following the guidelines of waste
management so it is facing many facing issues regarding the
same. If rules are not being followed then it would lead to
issues in public health at large scale and environment would
also be affected. Any individual is not separating dry and wet
waste at source then that person should be penalized. By
 doing so, the public will start contributing SMC for proper
waste management in the city.
V. OBJECTIVE

The paper aims to throw light on the practices of solid waste

management, the issues faced because of it, the existing
scenario of MSW, the steps taken by the Surat Municipal
Corporation and the legislations of SWM 2016 associated
with the system of waste management in Surat.

Surat is the biggest trade hub in Gujarat and is one of the

fastest growing cities in terms of infrastructure and urban
development. It is located at a distance of about 250 Km to the
North of Mumbai on the banks of river Tapi. The current
population is approximately 74lakhs. The city produces
average 1600 to 1700 Metric Ton solid waste daily.
VI. INTRODUCTION

Waste is defined as product at the end of its cycle, any

discarded items, unwanted material or object that we throw
away and material arising from human and animal activities
that are discarded as useless and or unwanted. Solid Waste
Management is a process which refers to the processing and
collection of solid waste. There are various types of solid
waste collected by municipal corporations like biodegradable
waste, non-biodegradable waste, street waste, bulky waste,
industrial waste, hazardous waste, construction and
demolition, metal/glass/rubber/leather, farms and gardens,
residue from sewage treatment. Liquid waste like bio-medical,
sewage waste, leachate waste is also collected. Solid waste is
a waste, which is in Solid State, arising from domestic, trade,
industrial, agriculture, mining, construction activities, and
from public services. Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a
system which includes the generation of waste, storage,
collection, transportation, processing and final disposal of the
solid waste. Solid Waste Management (SWM) service is
provided by Urban Local Bodies (UBL) in India Rates and
compositions of solid waste management vary from one
nation to other which depends on life style, structure of
industry, waste management rules. Local bodies have to be
 serious in following all the legal aspects of waste management
so that it can be helpful to the surroundings and health of the
public. Local bodies have also made some of their own rules
for efficient waste management in their city. The aim of solid
waste management is to control, collect, process and utilize
and disposal of solid waste by gaining economic benefit from
it in order to protect the health of the public and the
environment of the city/state/nation.
VII. SOLID WASTE GENERATION:

SMC is responsible for the management of solid waste

generated in the city. The city administration has been
decentralized in 7 zones. Total waste generation rate is more
than 1600 MT per day.
VIII. SYSTEM OF WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION:
(A) PRIMARY COLLECTION & ITS TRANSPORTATION

Generation of waste in Surat city is collected by corporation

authorities. SMC has sufficient staff to keep the city clean by
sweeping during day, by lifting the container, door to door
collection system, night scraping and brushing activity. The
waste generated is collected daily with the use of vehicles like
truck, dumper placer, compactor, tempo etc. It has been
observed
many times staff is not collecting waste in some of the areas
and residents have complained for the same and SMC is
taking these complaints seriously. Most of these vehicles
carry the waste in open manner creating nuisance of order and
while collecting waste from one place to another during that
time also flies, mosquitoes, insects etc. roam around the
vehicles and waste which can be injurious to the public health.
SMC can cover some part of the vehicle in which they keep
waste so that no disease is spread among the areas where they
roam for waste collection.
(B) SECONDARY TRANSPORTATION

Surat has 8 municipal zones and 8 waste transfer stations. All

the zones are required to transfer all sorts of waste collected in
their respective zones and accordingly processing of waste is
to be done. The waste which cannot be recycled or reuse is
sent to land disposal site in Khajod village at the outskirt of
the city. Daily tons of waste is disposed in this site and

Municipal Solid Waste collected through primary collection

system reaches to the Semi closed body transfer station of the
respective zone from where it is being sent to the Khajod
Disposal transported through close body container in a
mechanically compacted way. All the zones are supposed to
function their work on daily basis and in all their working
 days no inefficiency from each zone will be entertained by
SMC.

Name of Transfer station Zone

Bhatar South west

Katargam North & Central (Part)

1. MSW Collected through Door to Door Garbage Collection
Varachha East
Sr. No. Period No. of Vehicles Utilized Total Trips Average MSW collection in MT / Day

1 April-2021 Anjana518 1535 South-East

1676.718

2 March-2021 Pal 520 1570 1695.982

West
3 February-2021 518 1567 1650.047
Bhestan South
4 January-2021 506 1523 1659.009

5 December-2020Kosad503 1479 North-East-West

1602.764

6 November-2020 497 1501 1536.382

7 October-2020 490 1450 1537.250

8 September-2020 489 1295 1398.970

9 August-2020 487 1133 1248.572

10 July-2020 487 1176 1264.602

11 June-2020 487 1217 1460.598

12 May-2020 482 1030 1125.940

13 April-2020 476 1054 1087.938

14 March-2020 489 1434 1453.272

15 February-2020 489 1553 1530.963

16 January-2020 489 1549 1494.118

17 December-2019 487 1530 1485.125

18 November-2019 485 1477 1351.599

19 October-2019 485 1622 1632.043

20 September-2019 482 1513 1594.973

21 August-2019 485 1514 1544.466

22 July-2019 481 1517 1551.895

23 June-2019 482 2080 1894.590

24 May-2019 482 2167 1602.223

25 April-2019 481 1572 1582.452

2. MSW collected from Cradel type dustbins and wheel barrows through Mobil Dumper Placer- Container

Sr. No. Period No. of Vehicles Utilized Total Trips Average MSW collection in MT / Day

1 April-2021 11 25 16.382

2 March-2021 13 30 19.404

3 February-2021 16 39 24.099

4 January-2021 14 31 19.297

5 December-2020 15 34 20.462

6 November-2020 15 33 19.827

7 October-2020 14 31 20.784

8 September-2020 15 28 20.647

9 August-2020 14 27 21.530

10 July-2020 16 28 19.845

11 June-2020 16 26 17.106

12 May-2020 18 26 14.023

13 April-2020 18 28 13.273

14 March-2020 20 41 24.672

15 February-2020 25 64 42.221

16 January-2020 22 55 35.886

17 December-2019 22 53 34.357

18 November-2019 21 46 28.128

19 October-2019 22 50 39.970

20 September-2019 22 50 40.895

21 August-2019 25 53 45.497

22 July-2019 24 52 38.085

23 June-2019 23 52 34.457

24 May-2019 25 62 35.868

25 April-2019 28 65 36.218

3. MSW collected through Tractor with hydraulic trailer

Sr. No. Period No. of Vehicles Utilized Total Trips Average MSW collection in MT / Day

1 April-2021 205 480 358.710

2 March-2021 208 492 394.506

3 February-2021 209 495 390.963

4 January-2021 209 488 414.113

5 December-2020 206 482 380.548

6 November-2020 205 488 380.325

7 October-2020 202 471 381.531

8 September-2020 202 448 376.280

9 August-2020 201 410 335.212

10 July-2020 200 418 310.385

11 June-2020 198 422 334.839

12 May-2020 193 389 253.181

13 April-2020 190 382 252.695

14 March-2020 195 439 350.225

15 February-2020 202 486 383.729

16 January-2020 203 464 387.847

17 December-2019 202 476 379.503

18 November-2019 199 453 376.035

19 October-2019 200 462 427.956

20 September-2019 193 436 439.841

21 August-2019 197 442 438.375

22 July-2019 198 447 418.910

23 June-2019 201 454 426.240

24 May-2019 201 456 368.644

25 April-2019 200 457 383.452

4. MSW collected through Truck

Sr. No. Period No. of Vehicles Utilized Total Trips Average MSW collection in MT / Day

1 April-2021 39 77 122.882

2 March-2021 39 83 137.006

3 February-2021 39 83 127.934
4 January-2021 40 83 138.812

5 December-2020 38 80 138.266

6 November-2020 40 90 150.026

7 October-2020 35 82 138.277

8 September-2020 29 65 132.480

9 August-2020 26 54 110.126

10 July-2020 25 51 91.239

11 June-2020 31 61 103.713

12 May-2020 24 41 56.913

13 April-2020 27 49 76.384

14 March-2020 39 88 142.835

15 February-2020 39 92 136.916

16 January-2020 39 93 152.284

17 December-2019 38 90 143.797

18 November-2019 38 88 165.738

19 October-2019 41 98 187.401

20 September-2019 37 88 173.614

21 August-2019 38 90 178.553

22 July-2019 35 92 179.501

23 June-2019 30 85 198.307

24 May-2019 29 80 196.854

25 April-2019 30 80 196.841

5. MSW collected through Smart Under Ground Dustbins

Sr. No. Smart Dustbins No. of Vehicles Total Average MSW collection in
Period
No. Installed Utilized Trips Day

1 April-2021 69 2 6 30.583

2 March-2021 69 2 7 35.253

3 February-2021 69 2 6 33.382

4 January-2021 69 3 6 31.322

5 December- 69 2 6 29.657
2020

6 November- 69 2 6 27.759
 2020

7 October-2020 69 2 5 25.139

8 September- 69 2 5 28.248
2020

9 August-2020 64 2 4 21.865

10 July-2020 64 2 5 22.331

11 June-2020 64 2 4 20.801

12 May-2020 64 2 3 13.092

13 April-2020 64 2 4 16.937

14 March-2020 64 2 5 30.750

15 February-2020 64 2 5 29.359

16 January-2020 64 2 6 35.839

17 December- 64 2 6 35.752
2019

18 November- 64 2 6 34.400
2019

19 October-2019 64 2 7 41.456

20 September- 64 2 5 37.940
2019

21 August-2019 64 2 5 35.981

22 July-2019 73 2 6 38.305

23 June-2019 73 2 6 40.346

24 May-2019 73 2 6 34.074

25 April-2019 73 02 06 36.225

6. MSW collected through Night Scraping Brushing activity

Sr. No. Period No. of Vehicles Utilized Total Trips Average MSW collection in MT / Day Total

1 April-2021 92 92 10.076 225

2 March-2021 92 92 11.275 225

3 February-2021 101 101 12.288 225

4 January-2021 101 101 12.725 225

5 December-2020 113 113 14.412 225

6 November-2020 110 111 13.788 225

7 October-2020 127 127 17.518 225

8 September-2020 119 119 15.815 225

9 August-2020 116 116 13.797 225

10 July-2020 127 127 14.899 225

11 June-2020 127 127 16.252 225

12 May-2020 121 122 14.344 225

13 April-2020 126 126 15.120 225

14 March-2020 120 120 15.975 216

15 February-2020 105 105 14.659 225

16 January-2020 118 118 16.826 234

17 December-2019 123 123 19 234

18 November-2019 108 108 14.645 234

19 October-2019 111 111 17.159 234

20 September-2019 114 114 17.527 234

21 August-2019 122 123 19.393 234

22 July-2019 131 139 20.154 234

23 June-2019 136 137 22.651 237

24 May-2019 132 132 22.874 227

25 April-2019 142 142 24.125 227

7. MSW Transported from transfer stations to Final Disposal site,through secondary Transportation

Sr. No. Period No. of Vehicles Utilized Total Trips Average MSW collection in MT / Day

1 April-2021 34 145 2215.351

2 March-2021 34 158 2293.427

3 February-2021 35 154 2238.713

4 January-2021 30 141 2275.278

5 December-2020 34 158 2186.109

6 November-2020 36 168 2128.107

7 October-2020 35 158 2120.499

8 September-2020 34 140 1972.440

9 August-2020 31 110 1751.103

10 July-2020 32 112 1723.301

11 June-2020 33 124 1953.309

12 May-2020 30 97 1478.303

13 April-2020 32 94 1462.347

14 March-2020 37 161 2017.729

15 February-2020 38 176 2137.847

16 January-2020 34 156 2122.801

17 December-2019 37 176 2097.534

18 November-2019 36 163 1970.545

19 October-2019 37 202 2345.985

20 September-2019 37 169 2304.790

21 August-2019 38 169 2262.265

22 July-2019 37 159 2246.850

23 June-2019 37 180 2616.591

24 May-2019 34 161 2260.537

25 April-2019 35 176 2259.313

To comply with the MSW Rule 2000, Door to Door garbage

collection system is made operative from 2004 in six zones
covering almost whole area of the city. There are seven
different agencies working in six zones. The management of
Hotel-Kitchen waste was introduced in the year 2000, in
which hotel kitchen waste is collected and transported by the
hotel association. They have deployed 18 vehicles for it and
total hotels and restaurants in Surat are around more than 800.
Hotel waste collection is collected separately.
IX. “ANUDAN SCHEME”4 FOR URBAN DWELLER UNITS

For the best coverage of SWM services and to have good

 sanitation, SMC started Anudan Scheme on 25th July 2012
which was implemented by the authorities of the corporation
to involve public for internal cleaning and garbage collection.
The scheme covers area of more than 5 lakhs sq. mt. SMC
makes payment to residential and non-residential society at 60
paisa and 65 paisa respectively to keep the city clean. At
present under this scheme, more than 862 societies are taking
benefit of the scheme. For proper implementation of this
scheme and to reach this scheme to the public SMC had given
employment to around 850 people. Around 1600 Rs can be
earned by any society if it takes benefit of this scheme and
this activity was controlled by the President of the colonies.
This scheme has been one of the key steps taken by SMC for
making public serious about this issue and to have their
participation. This scheme has benefitted many people and
colonies but during the early years when it was knew but now
very less people or colony is taking benefit from this scheme
which should be entertained by the local body and more and
more people as well as colonies take benefit of this scheme
should be encouraged.
X. MODERNIZATION OF REFUSE TRANSFER STATION

SMC has 8 transfer stations and all the stations are in

operational on daily basis. SMC had planned in the year 2014
to have modern transfer stations which started operating from
March 2015 at four places namely Dindoli, Gaviyar, Simwada
and Kosad. Such station has benefited the local bodies. SMC
is planning to develop more such stations in order to have
efficient waste management.

For door to door collection system and sweeping activities the

vehicles that are used are transferred to such stations by
primary transportation. Secondary Transfer Vehicles work is
to reach directly to the land disposal site.

Primary vehicles which collect waste from door to door are

supposed to pass through
elevated platform via ramp and chutes. All secondary vehicles
are kept under these chutes. Municipal Solid Waste is under
loaded from primary vehicles and transferred to closed
containers. Fibred Rain forced Sheet (FRP) is kept in order to
protect the entire area o chute and entire structure is covered
by the concrete blocks. Hook lifting vehicles are used for
transferring waste collected from one place to another.
Leakage proof door collection system is used so that the
station is kept clean where waste is stored.

Waste collected through vehicles will be sent to the closed

containers. Spillage of garbage is protected. Transfer Stations
are semi-closed. Secondary handling of Municipal Solid
 Waste is stored and transferred to containers. Such waste
handling area is to be free from flies and their nuisance and
strict restriction of animals is must in transfer stations.
Leachate system has been separately installed by SMC.
XI. DISPOSAL

Municipal Solid Waste collected through primary collection

system reaches to the Semi closed body transfer station of the
respective zone from where it is being sent to the Khajod
Disposal transported through close body container in a
mechanically compacted way. Daily tons of waste is being
disposed at the land disposal site. Waste is just being thrown
at the site without segregating which waste is useful and
which is not. SMC must segregate the waste and should take
advantage of some of the waste if they can be used again by
recycling. SMC collecting tons of waste daily is in search of
more land disposal sites which is not a positive approach by
SMC.
XII. INITIATIVES FOR PUBLIC AWARENESS

Public education is most important component for achieving

storage of waste at source and for that two separate waste bins
are to be kept at home, one for wet and another for dry waste.
SMC initiated public awareness by giving advertisement in
the local news- paper, television, cable television, cinema
 theatres, radio and web sites. It also conducts seminars in
schools and societies to bring awareness about the cleanliness.
It has also distributed waste bins to public at free of cost to
segregate the wet and dry waste at source itself. SMC has to
keep more public awareness programme for efficient waste
management. It is not creating awareness on a large scale of
people and is hindering the process of proper waste
management in the city. NGO’s should be developed who
work for such environmental issues that can easily contribute
the local bodies in order to achieve their safe environmental
goals. In India every city is lacking in creating public
awareness for any environmental issue which needs to be
changed by putting more and more efforts by concerned
authorities. If the public is no being serious this important
issue than strong legislation and efficient staff of the local
bodies will not be able to work properly as the main player in
the entire process is not worries about it. All the plans made
for proper waste management if the public of the region is not
participating in helping local bodies for good management of
waste in the city.
XIII. APPROACHES TAKEN BY SURAT MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

SMC has determined a three tiered approach for managing

solid waste. Each of these should be practiced to reduce the
 amount of material headed for final disposal. They are as
follows:
- Reduce :The best way to manage waste is to not produce it

- Reuse : It makes economic and environmental sense to reuse products

- Recycle: Recycling is a series of steps that takes a used material and processes,
remanufactures, and sells it as a new product.

These three tiered approach is not at all implemented in the

city and no one cares about its proper execution. This
approach will be helpful for the city’s healthy and safe
environment so SMC should understand and have its
implementation rather than having it just on paper. This
approach is something which is not at all implemented in the
entire Gujarat state and it will be a golden opportunity for
SMC to be the first one to have its execution.
XIV. LEGAL ASPECTS:
(A) SWM RULES, 2016

1. Waste segregation is the duty of the waste generator to segregate the waste.
2. Local bodies are strictly advised to follow the door to door collection of waste on
daily basis.
3. Waste collected by sweeping activity carried out in any city/town/village is to be kept
separately
4. To set up facility of sorting waste and to have material recovery facility.

5. Setting up different centre of deposition for various wastes like e-waste, bio-medical
waste, hazardous waste etc. For safe storage of such waste and transportation of the
same

6. Segregated bio-degradable waste to the compost plant of the city.

 7. Segregated non-bio degradable waste to their respective processing unit or material
recovery plant. Proper construction of disposal site and transfer station.

8. Waste disposal process should be carried in such a manner that only non-usable, non-
recyclable waste, non-reactive waste, non- bio degradable waste etc. should only be
allowed to dispose to the land disposal site. Construction and Demolition of waste is
to be disposed by waste generator as per his duty.
9. Proper allocations of funds are required for proper waste management in any region.
These funds should be exclusively used for waste management purpose only. No
misuse of these funds is to be tolerated by the concerned authority.

(B) LAWS RELATING TO WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA:

1. The Waste Act, 1974: The main objective of this act is to create for protection and
control on water pollution in the country. This act gives power to Centre and State
Boards to monitor regulate and restore the quality of water in order to prevent and
control water pollution and penalize the defaulters.

2. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977: This act was
brought in regard to levy cess on Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) and
cess on consumption of water for sanitary land filling, composition etc.

3. Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989: This act gives us a list
of processes that generate hazardous wastes and also gives information regarding
collection, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous waste.

4. The Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998: This act was
brought with the aim to have legal binding on all the health care institutions of India
and all their waste of medical should be handled by segregating disposal of it and
some of them even recycled if possible.

5. The Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules, 2001: This act main aim was to
bring in notice to all the manufacturers, dealers, retailers, importers etc. who are
involved in the process of manufacturing, sales, purchase and to regulate and ensure
the safety of environment by proper disposal and battery use.

6. Plastic Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011: These rules were amended
from earlier rules of 1999. These rules guide us to have plastic bag comprising of 40
microns rather than 20 microns. These rules also put restrictions on consumers from
getting plastic bags while shopping at free of cost. These rules restrict usage of
harmful recycled plastic and practice of food packaging from hotels and restaurants.
 7. E-Waste Rules, 2011: These rules give us the definitions of various wastes like
historical e-waste, electronic and electric waste, etc. The producer is solely
responsible for recycling or disposal of e-waste generated from end of line of their
products making and bringing one principle of ‘Extended Procedure Responsibility’.

SMC is not at all following all the above rules which are made
for better waste management in any region. It is expected
from all the municipal corporations of the nation to follow all
these rules so that they can have safe and healthy environment
in their region. Disease will be reduced and there will be
protection of public at large scale. Local rules should be made
by local bodies if they are not able to all the rules which are
centrally applicable to all regions.
XV. CONCLUSION

Surat is a leading urban city in India. There is a dire need to

educate and make aware the people to change their habits, so
as to store waste at source, and dispose of the waste as per the
direction of Municipal council and effectively participate in
the activities of Municipal council. Clear guidelines relating to
the kind of storage receptacles, segregation of waste etc.
should be issued, offenders should be penalized. There should
be segregation of non- biodegradable /recyclable waste at
sources or at secondary collection point and methods like
compositing should be used for biodegradable waste. All the
domestic hazardous waste, electronic equipment waste should
be stored in bags / sacks and should be disposed in notified
safe areas. Separate community bins should be provided for
dry and wet waste. For commercial areas and hotels the
dustbins should be containers not more than 100 lts in size
with handles on top or on sides with rim at base. In case of
vegetable markets large containers complementing the
transportation system should be provided. For waste in meat
and fish markets the containers should be non-corrosive and
not more than 100lts. Biomedical waste from hospitals and
nursing homes should be treated as per the provisions
contained in Government of India , Ministry of Environment
and Forest Biomedical wastes ( Management and Handling )
Rules -1998 . Wastes from construction sites, Demolition
waste should be within the premises and not at all obstructing
the road. Door step collection of waste by municipal workers
and commercial areas should be ensured. It is the duty of the
waste generator to segregate the waste at source by keeping
separate bins for dry and wet waste at their places. SMC is not
taking this issue seriously and they are facing many problems
in order to have proper waste management in the city. SMC is
also trying to earn money from some of the waste which can
be sold or sold after recycling process but that should be
encouraged more and more so that they don’t have to
 allocate funds every year in huge amount and income
generated from such waste can be used for better waste
management. It has been observed that not only SMC but
almost all the city’s municipal corporations are facing issues
in managing tons of waste collected on a daily basis. They
don’t do it in a proper manner and the ultimate sufferer of
their fault will be the health of the public in that region.

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XVI. REFERENCES

 http://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/Departments/SolidWasteManagementApproaches

 www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/City-Report-on-Surat-SWM-Project-under-JnN

 http://www.nswai.com/waste-municipal-solid-waste.php

 http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm

 A Case Study on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Solapur City, Maharashtra,

India B.L.Chava, N.S. Zambare, International Journal of Research in Civil Engineering,
Architecture & Design Volume 1, Issue 2, October-December, 2013, pp. 46-53.

 Kumar, S. and Gaikwad, S.A., (2004), “Municipal Solid Waste Management in Indian
Urban Centres: An Approach for Betterment”, Urban Development Debates in the New
Millennium, Edited by K.R. Gupta, Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi,
pp.100-111.

 (Rahman, An overview of legal framework for waste management system in india with
special allusion to SWM rules, 2016, 2016)

 Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules in 1989 http://envfor.nic.in/legis

 Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling)Rules in 1998 http://envfor.nic.in/legis

 Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2011: http://www.moef.nic.in

 E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2010 Amended 2011.

http://www.moef.nic.in/
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