KOITABA J ANN

CM/MG/2280/05/18

BMGT 421

BUSINESS ETHICS ASSIGNMENT

BMGT 421 BUSINESS ETHICS ASSIGNMENT
1.Demonstrate Christian Work Relating To Business Ethics.
I) Treating others with respect:Christians honor God at work by treating their colleagues with
respect and speaking words of grace to all around them.
II) Being trustworthy and reliable: Followers of Christ or rather Christians demonstrate
dependability and trustworthiness when called upon to deliver a service.
III) working as if they are doing unto the Lord:Christians should view themselves as servants and
they should work assuming they are tasking for God. Hence,they should work deligently and
with integrity knowing that God would reward them.
IV) Maintaining integrity in the workplace:,The Bible says the integrity of the upright guides
them but the unfaithful are destroyed by their duplicity.Therefore , Christians should maintain
integrity since it's also critical for succeding the business world.
V) Working with excellence: As Christians,they should stand out from the world in the way they
Carry themselves at their jobs, faithfully fulfilling unpleasant tasks, demonstrating patience in
the face of adversity and striving for excellence when others refuse .
VI)Listening to instructions:Mistakes can be totally avoided through listening to instructions.
Christians should be swift to hear and slow to speak, and as such instructions can be received by
employees patiently on the receiving end, thus help reduce miscommunications within the
organisation.
VII)Practise responsiveness, social interactions can be promoted at the work place when
Christians practice responsiveness thus encourage learning in terms of experience sharing as well
as knowledge sharing in the work environment. This might lead to appreciation of the existence
of different cultures and religions.
VIII)Being reliable:Followers of Christ should be reliable in terms of where supervisors can
count on employees to get work done in a timely manner, with minimal or no supervision, by
striving to achieve consistency as well as excel in the quality of work done.
IX)Give credit where it is due. In cases where they are complimented as employees who are
Christians for their efforts and services, it is their duty to recognise team work rather than
individual contribution as taught by Paul. This promotes morale and team work among
employees at the work place.
X)Performing their duties with zeal: when Christians perform their duties with zeal it
encourages positive attitude in work environment. All professionals have one thing in common
and that includes the entity’s ability to solve problems by acting as agents to help solve the
problems of others.
XI)Practising self-discipline: Christians practice self discipline by performing duties the
employer has hired them to do. Arriving at work during the stipulated time and by remaining
focused on the work by avoiding distractions such as internet social media.
XII)Going a step further and doing more than they are needed to do: This includes taking
up responsibilities and duties no one is willing to take up as in the book of Luke.
XIII)Taking initiative: this includes keeping oneself busy by finding work and not waiting for
seniors to allocate work.
2.Ellaborate Five Business Ethics Models or Theories Relating To Application of Each Model.
I)Utilitarianism – Ethical Model
Under the utilitarianism ethical model, a company should make decisions only after considering
all possible consequences for those decisions. Utilitarianism is a type of consequentialism, a
philosophy that holds that an action’s morality is determined by its consequences. When
utilitarianism is applied to a business decision, there are no absolute right or wrong choices.
Rather, the right decision is the decision that leads to the most benefit and the least detriment.

An example or application of this model is the following:Resolving a business dilemma through

a utilitarian approach is asking whether changing to a paper supplier that uses recycled paper
would do more harm to the business than good. The new supplier charges more for paper
products, increasing the company’s costs. However, the company would be able to advertise that
it supports recycling, which could increase sales. Often, decisions like this require an in-depth
look at the company’s finances to work out a proposed action’s actual financial repercussions.

II)Rights and Duties – Ethical Model

The rights and duties ethical model rests on the concept that individual people and groups have
rights and that the company has the duty to respect these application of this Model can be based
on the following example; when developing a parental leave policy, a company might determine
that all new parents have the right to spend a sufficient amount of time with their newborn. The
company, recognizing its duty to respect and protect this right, determines an appropriate amount
of paid leave time to offer new parents.

III)Virtue Ethics – Ethical Model

Under this ethical model, business behavior is driven by asking, “What would a virtuous
company/person do?” Often, the virtuous company or person in question is not an actual person
or company but an ideal that the company strives to emulate. When asking whether a virtuous
company would make a certain choice, the individual in charge of the decision is really asking if
the choice can reasonably be described with a virtuous adjective
like:Kind,Helpful,Responsible,Compassionate,Progressive and Fair.
An epitome of this model is explained by the following example;A manager facing the decision
to potentially terminate an employee because of his personal social media posts might apply the
virtue ethics model by working out whether terminating the employee is fair, responsible or
compassionate. This can be a difficult decision, as firing the employee likely would not be
compassionate to him, but it could be the fair, responsible choice for the company as a whole.
The manager in this scenario might opt to rely on another ethical framework or model such as
utilitarianism to help her make her final choice.
IV)Ethical relativism is the theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one's
culture. That is, whether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in
which it is practiced. The same action may be morally right in one society but be morally wrong
in another.

V)Ethical Absolutism is an ethical view that all actions are intrinsically right or wrong. Stealing, for instance, might
be considered to be always immoral, even if done for the well-being of others (e.g., stealing food to feed a starving
family), and even if it does in the end promote such a good.
VI) Ethical egoism theory:Ethical egoism is the normative theory that the promotion of one's own good is in
accordance with morality. In the strong version, it is held that it is always moral to promote one's own good, and it
is never moral not to promote it.
VII)Deontological ethics holds that at least some acts are morally obligatory regardless of their consequences for
human welfare. ... He saw the moral law as a categorical imperative—i.e., an unconditional command—and
believed that its content could be established by human reason alone.
Deontology states that an act that is not good morally can lead to something good, such as shooting the intruder
(killing is wrong) to protect your family (protecting them is right). ... For example, that means protecting your
family is the rational thing to do—even if it is not the morally best thing to do.
3.Why Business Ethics Training To Leaders,Managers or Professionals ( is important)?
I)Loyal employees. When leaders are fair and just, team members have one less incentive to move elsewhere.
Ethical leaders provide the optimal setting for employees by inspiring, developing, and establishing a culture of
trust and respect. This leads to significant benefits like lower turnover, higher productivity, and loyalty.
II)Better morale. A strong emphasis on values and ethics creates a positive work environment that fosters an
overall better mood and a higher understanding among individuals. When the roots are solid, the stress and
tensions of daily business are like the wind on a stable tree. People usually feel the roots and know if they can rely
on them and feel confident, or if they will have to keep their guard up.
III)Higher stability on the market. Organizations with ethical leaders are at lower risk of sudden crises due to
internal factors. This usually is acknowledged and appreciated by investors.
IV)Higher motivation. When each team member knows that the company is operating ethically and for the benefit
of the greater, they will want to do their part to further the company’s mission.
V)Increased sense of belonging. When company values and individual values are aligned and ethical principles are
adopted, everyone’s general well-being will increase. This leads to a positive atmosphere, which reinforces and
fosters ethical behaviors, creating a virtuous loop where everyone will feel at home and in the right condition to
give their best.
VI)Improved relationships with customers. Customers will feel they’ve made a good decision to work with your
company when they perceive and witness ethical leadership and cultural values. This will encourage them to
continue doing business with you, while also boosting your reputation as one of the fair players in the market.
VII)Respect from society and communities. Organizations that are led by ethical leaders set a good example for
others, and are respected and valued as a result. These are the types of companies people want to work for, do
business with, and emulate in their own companies.

VIII)Support in times of crises. The world changes rapidly and companies may face many challenges. But people
want to see ethical leaders, and the companies they work for, thrive. Having leaders who behave ethically and act
with kindness and respect can be the ticket to getting through tough times.
IX)Improve Other Aspects of a leader's Life:Ethical leadership is so much more than how leaders act in the office;
it’s about how they live their life.
If they make incorporating the art of ethical leadership into their daily routine a priority inside and outside of the
office, they're sure to improve other aspects of their lives by making better decisions, conveying a more generous
attitude, and demonstrating a desire to improve and inspire the world around you.
X)Build Good Habits That Last:Making a conscious effort to be an ethical leader will surely carry over into other
parts of their lives, helping them to build great habits that last over time.
4.a)Prepare professional code of conduct in your area.(Finance).
A code of conduct states the rules, values, ethical principles and vision for your business. Having a code of conduct
in your workplace provides staff with clear standards and expectations of how to do their job.
I)Purpose and Scope of Code
The purpose of this Finance Code of Conduct (Code) is to codify
standards that are reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to
promote:
(a) Honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between
personal and professional relationships;
(b) Avoidance of conflicts of interest, including disclosure to an appropriate person or persons identified in this
Code of any material transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to such a conflict;
(c) Full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents.
(d) Compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations;
(e) The prompt internal reporting to an appropriate person or persons
identified in this Code of violations of the Code.
(f) Accountability for adherence to the Code.
The Code applies to all Finance employees. It is
important that you take the time to become familiar with the policies and
procedures that affect you because you will be held responsible for
knowing the Company policies that apply to your job and the work that you perform.
The Finance Code of Conduct annual acknowledgement
will be distributed to all employees on an annual basis.The acknowledgement states that Finance organization
employees have read this Finance Code of Conduct, understand, and
agree to abide by its requirements. Violation of ethics policies, the
Finance Code of Conduct, falsification of records or any other unethical
behavior may lead to severe disciplinary action up to and including discharge from the Company or potential
criminal prosecution.
2.Operating Principles
The ethics philosophy is to comply with the highest standards of ethical behavior and the letter and spirit of all
applicable laws. Conduent employees shall comply with all laws governing its
operations and shall conduct business in accordance with the highest
ethical standards. When conducting business employees are expected to maintain consistently high
standards of ethical behavior.
3.Expectations for Compliance
1. Finance personnel must meet the highest levels of honesty, integrity, objectivity and independence and comply
with all relevant laws, governmental regulations, Company policies, Code of
Business Conduct requirements and professional standards.
Finance personnel in leadership roles must also
(1) foster a culture of high ethical standards and a commitment to compliance.
(2) maintain a work environment that encourages
employees to raise concerns
(3) promptly address employee compliance concerns.
Employees are required to follow these standard practices:
• Comply with Company's policies.
• Avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest and report any material transaction or relationship that reasonably
could be expected to give rise to such a conflict as required by this Code.
• Refrain from participating in any activity that would prejudice your ability to carry out your Conduent duties
ethically.
• Not accept, from any supplier or customer of the Company, gifts, gratuities, favors, special considerations,
discounts or entertainment which go beyond common courtesies.
• Report any and all appearances of potential violations of Company policies or laws if observed through financial
data or business operations.
• Set a visible example of commitment to the letter and spirit of
this Code for all Finance personnel.
• Maintain appropriate professional standards in the documentation of all finance matters.

All Finance personnel are required to follow these standard

practices:
• Maintain an acceptable level of internal controls.
• Record and report financial information honestly.

- Reported financial data must not be influenced by:

a) Operating unit or individual performance or
compensation objectives,
b)Plans and forecasts
C)Organizational commitments.
d)Dishonest reporting both inside and outside the Company is not only strictly prohibited; it could lead to civil or
even criminal liability, for the individual as well as the Company.
This includes reporting information or organizing it in a way that is intended to mislead or misinform those who
receive it.
• Take appropriate steps to protect against unauthorized distribution and/or disclosure of confidential data.
3. Finance leadership roles must ensure that staff have the appropriate level of functional expertise to accomplish
operating and ethical objectives.
Finance leadership roles are further required to follow these
standard practices:
• Maintain staffs with the appropriate mix of financial and operational skills including the following: accounting
and internal controls; financial planning and analysis; treasury; taxes,
purchasing and information systems.
• Staffs must be provided with adequate ongoing training.
• Staffs must be fully aware of Company policies and procedures.
• Staffs must not be reduced to a level that precludes the ability to meet the minimum levels of internal control

Reporting a Concern and Obtaining Guidance

I)Code violations, including conflicts of interest, should first be reported to the next highest level of management
within the Finance organization.
If the violation is not appropriately addressed, the violation should be reported to the Global Head, Human
Resources, the Ethics Office and the Law Department. Employees can also report violation directly to the Ethics
Helpline.

b)Explain ethical behaviors in Finance.

I)Conflicts of Interest
Underlying the role of ethics in financial management is a fiduciary duty. Managers must act in the interests of
their clients and employers, not their own. If there's a conflict of interest where you can enrich yourself while
harming a client, you must side with the client.
II)Security and Information
In the networked 21st century, ethical conduct includes how you handle and secure information.Finance managers
should ensure protection of confidential data and information.
III)Reputation and Ethics in Finance:Another role of ethics in financial management is to guard your and your
employer's reputation. If you act ethically, you're in the clear. However, cross the lines, and you can destroy your
company's good name as well as your own.
IV)Act with honesty and integrity: Finance Managers should be honest In all their doings.
V)Provide people with accurate, objective, understandable information.
VI)Disclose all relevant information, positive and negative, so that your listeners have an accurate picture.
VII)Comply with all rules and regulations governing your position and your company.
VIII)Act with good faith and independent judgment. Don't allow self-interest or other factors to sway your
recommendations.
IX)Never share confidential information or use it for personal gain.Finance managers should be loyal and
respectable to the company or organization they work for.
X)Maintain an internal controls system to guard against unethical behavior and report anyone y
they see violating the ethical rules.
c) Unethical behaviors in Finance.
i. Deliberate abnormal delays in payments to (a) Vendors, (b) Dealers commissions and promotion costs.
ii. Delays in paying wages, interest to financiers, incentive, bonus to employees.
iii. Holding up bills of vendors on silly reasons and ultimately buying from others to avoid payment to earlier
vendors.
iv.Not prompt in statutory payments of ESI, PF, Sales Tax and Excise Duties.
v. Cheating employees of their dues towards medical expenses, leave travel assistance, children education fees
etc.,
vi. Opening of current accounts in different banks to avoid adjustments against loans by earlier banker.
vii. Creating bogus bills of purchase to show higher costs and hence losses to avoid bonus payment to employees.
viii. Collecting loans from private financiers at higher rate of interest to help kith and kin and to get kick-backs.
ix. Quick release of payments to known or adjustment parties and delaying payment to others
x.Taking private finance only from those who are ready to do personal favours to the finance department .