ORGANIZED CRIME

INVESTIGATION
ORGANIZED CRIME
It is a crime or form of illegal
activity carried out systematically
by criminal organizations
sometimes called criminal
enterprise or crime syndicates.
 Organized Crime Group
Definition

It is a structured group of three or

more persons, existing for a period in time
acting in concert with the aim of committing
one of more serious crimes or offenses in
order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a
financial or other material benefits.
Definition from the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime in
Palermo Italy, 2000
How organized crime group works?
• Secure obedience of any member
Enforcer or non-member
• Makes arrangement for killing

• Bribery mechanism of OCG

Corrupter • Corrupts, Intimidates, Negotiate or
“fixer/ money mover” “Sweet talks”

• A person of influence usually non-

Corruptee member who can help the org
Attributes of Organized Crime
1. Has no political goal - Political
involvement may be part of its activities
for the purpose of gaining protection for
its illegal activities. It is basically
motivated by money and power
2. Is hierarchical - has a vertical power
structure with at least three (3) ranks
3. Has a limited or exclusive membership
- criteria such as ethnic background, race,
kinship, criminal record and others.
4. Constitute a unique subculture -
considered themselves distinct from
the conventional society
5. Perpetuates itself - constitutes an
ongoing criminal conspiracy
designed to persist through time; that
is, beyond the life of the current
membership.
6. Exhibits a willingness to use
illegal violence and bribery
7. Demonstrates specialization/
division of labor - There is a need
for established functional position
filled with qualified members.
8. Is Monopolistic - eschew
competition. It strives for hegemony.
It restrains “free trade and increases
profit
1. Enforcer
9. Is governed by explicit rules and
2. Corrupter
regulations
 STRUCTURE/MODELS OF
ORGANIZED CRIME
• Bureaucratic or Corporate Model
• Patrimonial/ Patron Client
• Presidential Commission on Organized
Crime Model
• Chambliss Organized Crime Network
Model
• Smith’s Enterprise Model
• Ianni’s Kinship Group Model
• Nontraditional Organized Crime Model
Traditional Boss
ADVISER
A retired
member/
Organized Underboss
Consigliere
(Counselor) former boss
of the OCG
Crime Caporegime Caporegime Caporegime Caporegime Caporegime
(Lieutenant) (Lieutenant) (Lieutenant) (Lieutenant) (Lieutenant)

Model Soldiers
(Members grouped under lieutenants)

Through extortion, assault, and murder, enforce discipline over

Corruption: Police members, nonmembers, and fronts on orders from crime boss. Corruption: Police
and public officials and public officials
With and through nonmember associates and fronts-participate in,
control or influence

Legitimate Industry Illegal Activities

Food industry Gambling (numbers, dice
Realty policy, bookmaking)
Restaurants Illicit drugs
Solid waste disposal Loansharking
Produce Labor racketeering
Garment manufacturing Extortion
Bars and taverns Alcohol
Waterfront Others
Securities
Labor Unions
Vending machines
 GENERIC TYPES OF ORGANIZED
CRIMES
• POLITICAL GRAFT
• By political criminals
• Use force and violence to obtain profit or obtain political
goals
• MERCENARY/ PREDATORY OC
• By groups
• For direct personal profit but prey on unwilling victims
• IN-GROUP ORIENTED ORGANIZED CRIME
• By semi-organized individuals
Adolescent
• For psychological gratification
• SYNDICATED CRIMES
Gangs
• By structural organization
• Do illicit activity in society using force or intimidation
 3 FORMS OF ILLEGAL BUSINESS
CONNECTION
1. PARASITIC 2. RECIPROCAL 3. ENTREPRENEURSHIP

OC extorts Illegal OC provides

money from entrepreneurs illegal goods
illegal pays a fixed or service.
entrepreneurs amount and in
under threat return OC
of violence provides
services
SELECTED ORGANIZED
CRIME GROUPS
MAFIA
An acronym for:

MORTA ALLA FRANCIA ITALIA ANELIA

Italian for death this is Italy’s

to France cry

Word 1st published in: 1862 play by Giuseppe Rizzuto,

called "I Mafiosi della Vicaria" (The Mafia in the Vicarage")
MAFIA
Its original name is:

LA COSA NOSTRA
(“OUR THING”)
1st organizations to bear this label is the:
SICILIAN MAFIA (COSA NOSTRA)

Most powerful and most active Italian OCG in US

2nd Largest Organization in Italy
MAFIA
OMERTA
• CODE OF SILENCE AND SECRECY
• Non-cooperation with authorities
• Self-control in the face of adversity

VENDETTA
• “BLOOD WASHES BLOOD”
• any offense or slight to the famiglia had to
avenged, no matter what the consequences
or how long look on it.
CAPOFAMILIA – Ist in command Boss Consigliere – 3rd in
command, Adviser
Capo bastone / Sotto capo – 2nd Underboss
Consigliere
(Counselor)
in command

Caporegime Caporegime Caporegime Caporegime Caporegime

(Lieutenant) (Lieutenant) (Lieutenant) (Lieutenant) (Lieutenant)

Soldiers Capodecina/ Capo –

(Members grouped under lieutenants) supervise soldiers

Through extortion, assault, and murder, enforce discipline over

members, nonmembers, and fronts on orders from crime boss.
UOMINI D’ ONORE
Corruption: Police Corruption: Police
and public officials and public officials
With and through nonmember associates and fronts-participate in,
control or influence
Made men
Legitimate Industry Illegal Activities
Food industry Men of Honor Gambling (numbers, dice
Realty policy, bookmaking)
Restaurants Soldiers/soldato
Solid waste disposal
Illicit drugs
Loansharking
Produce
Garment manufacturing Sgarrista Labor racketeering
Extortion
Bars and taverns Alcohol
Waterfront Others

MAFIA HIERARCHY
Securities
Labor Unions
Vending machines
Others
YAKUZA (MOST INFLUENTIAL OCG IN JAPAN)

• sometimes referred as BORYOKUDAN =

VIOLENT GROUPS

• A.K.A. “GOKUDO”

• They call themselves:

“NINKYO DANTAI” = CHIVALROUS
ORGANIZATION
Where was the name yakuza derived?

It is derived from the Japanese old card game

OICHO-KABU

YA = 8
KU = 9 20
SA = 3 useless no.
 YAKUZA STRUCTURE
FOSTER FOSTER
PARENT OYABUN-KOBUN CHILD
FAMOUS RITUALS OF THE YAKUZA
YUBITSUME • Finger cutting, a form of penance or
apology
IRESUMI • Tattoos found in their bodies
• Inserted in their penis underneath the
PEARLINGS skin for every year that they are in
prison
OICHO
• Played by members where they were
KABU
able to display their tattoos
CARDS
• (SAKE-SHARING). Seal bonds
SAKAZUKI between members or between 2
yakuza group
PRINCIPAL FAMILIES

TOUAYUAI
JIGYO
KUMIAI

BIGGEST
TRIADS (MOST WELL KNOWN OCG IN CHINA, HK, MACAO)

It refers to Chinese societies

common mystical symbol; an
equilateral triangle representing
Chinese basic concept of
Heaven, Earth and Man.
TRIAD STRUCTURE
HONG KONG CRIMINAL GROUPS
1. SUN YE ON
• Most powerful & Largest triad
• Headed by: Kung Sun Ye On

2. WO SING WO
• 2nd Largest

3. 14K
• 3rd Largest
 MEDELLIN CARTEL vs CALI CARTEL
MEDELLIN CARTEL CALI CARTEL
• Founded in 1980 by PABLO ESCOBAR • The downfall of the Medellin Cartel
with cause the rise of the Cali Cartel-
drug bosses Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez the newly emerged cocaine
Gacha and the top aid cocaine barons monopoly.
Juan David and the Ochoa Brothers.
• Produces over 90% of cocaine in
• responsible for organizing world’s
drug trafficking network the world
• Due to this, it was called the best
and the brightest of the modern
underworld. “they are professionals
of the highest order, intelligent,
efficient, imaginative, and nearly
impenetrable”- US- Drug
Enforcement Agency.
Head of Cali cartel:
Gilgerto Rodriguez Orejuela
Aka Don Chepe “The Chess Player”

Under him, the Cali Cartel was considered the most

powerful criminal organization in the world.
PHILIPPINE ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS
1. Francisco Group former “Dragon”/ “Kuratong Baleleng Group”
• Led by: Manuel Francisco
• Operated in Visayas and Minadanao
• Robbery, Hold-up, Carnapping, Drug Trafficking, Smuggling of Rice and
Sugar
2. Pentagon Group
• Led by: Tahir Lonto
• A creation of MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Front)
• Involved in KFR, operates in MInadanao

3. Lexus Group
• Carnapping group, operates in NCR and Luzon

4. Vicvic Yu Group
• Involve in Illegal Gambling, operates in Visayas

5. Rex “Wacky” Salud

• Involve in Illegal Gambling, operates in Cebu