IMELDA B.

DAMASCO, petitioner,
vs.
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, MANILA GLASS SUPPLY and BONIFACIO K.
SIA, respondents.
x-----------------------x
G.R. No. 116101               December 4, 2000
BONIFACIO K. SIA and MANILA GLASS SUPPLY, petitioners,
vs.
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, LABOR ARBITER DOMINADOR B. SALUDARES, DEPUTY
SHERIFF ANTONIO T. DATU and IMELDA B. DAMASCO, respondents.
DECISION
QUISUMBING, J.:
These two petitions for certiorari seek to annul the decision promulgated by public respondent National Labor
Relations Commission (NLRC) on March 21, 1994 in NLRC CA No. L-001159, and its resolution dated May 11,
1994, which denied petitioners’ respective motions for reconsideration.
Ms. Imelda Damasco is the petitioner in G.R. No. 115755 and private respondent in G.R. No. 116101. She was
a regular sales clerk in Manila Glass Supply in Olongapo City.
Manila Glass Supply is private respondent in G.R. No. 115755 and petitioner in G.R. No. 116101. It is a sole
proprietorship engaged in the sale of glass with main store in Olongapo City and branch in Metro Manila.
Bonifacio K. Sia is private respondent in G.R. No. 115755 and petitioner in G.R. No. 116101. He is the owner of
Manila Glass Supply.
The factual background of this case as summarized by the labor arbiter is as follows:

"That she [Damasco] was employed by respondents [Manila Glass Supply and Bonifacio K. Sia] as Sales Clerk
on January 30, 1992, receiving lately a daily wage of P140.00; that as sales clerk, she was ordered to do
almost all the works related to the glass business of respondents including the cutting, sales and delivery of
glass as well as balancing, accounting and checking of capital and profits every end of the month; that she was
made to work from 8:30 in the morning up to 9:30 in the evening continuously from Monday to Sunday without
having been paid overtime pay, rest day pay and holiday pay; that during the period of her employment, she
was not paid any 13th month pay as well as five (5) days service incentive leave pay; that on August 28, 1992
at around 7:00 o’clock in the evening, while she was working, respondent Bonifacio Sia called her up and told
her to finish all her works that night, but she told respondent that she would not be able to finish them all
because it was already late; that she then left respondent’s room but respondent called her again and asked
her why she could not finish what she was told to do, to which complainant [Damasco] answered that it was
already late and there were still a lot of things to do; that respondent asked her what she was doing since he
(respondent) left for Manila, to which complainant told him that she was attending to the sales, to the field and
to other things relative to the business of respondent, to which respondent got mad at her; that respondent
asked complainant why she was not teaching her two (2) other co-workers on what to do, and she answered
she would not do it anymore because if the other co-workers should commit mistakes in accounting, she was
the first one to be lambasted by respondent and even required to share in paying the shortages; that when
respondent heard this, he picked up and swiped an ashtray in front of complainant and it broke, after which, he
threw some notebooks at complainant who began to tremble in fear and her whole body shook; respondent
ordered her to go out of the room, lambasted her again and told her that he (respondent)does not want to see
her face anymore ("ayaw ko nang makita ang pagmumukha mo rito"); that after respondent had left,
complainant again trembled and she could not prevent herself from crying, her co-workers applied alcohol on
her because her body was cold, given water to drink and after about an hour, complainant decided not to finish
her work anymore because she felt weak; that one of his co-workers, Alma, brought her home and since then,
she did not report for work anymore because she developed a phobia of respondent…

Disputing the claim of complainant, respondents maintain as follows: That sometime in the late part of August
1992, complainant was instructed by respondent to report for work in their store in Metro Manila as there is a
necessity for her detail thereat for reasons that the employees there are new and do not have the experience
and know-how in running the store specifically with regards (sic) to the sale of glass; that complainant
manifested her objection to such detail for reasons that her husband is working in Olongapo City and she does
not want to work in Manila; that thereafter, complainant did not report for work in the respondent’s store in
Olongapo City, so respondent sent some of his employees to the house of complainant but were told that she is

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sick and cannot report for work; that sometime in the first week of January 1993, respondent received a copy of
the instant complaint filed by complainant; that immediately, respondent thru counsel sent a letter to
complainant directing her to report for work on January 13, 1993 at its store in Olongapo City; that complainant
ignored the letter despite receipt thereof, hence, on January 15, 1993, respondent again sent complainant
another letter directing her to report for work on January 22, 1993 but just the same, complainant failed and
refused to report for work; that it is not true as claimed by complainant that respondent shouted at her and
swiped an ashtray from the table and threw at her some notebooks…. "1

On December 7, 1992, Damasco filed before the NLRC Regional Arbitration Branch in San Fernando,
Pampanga, a complaint against Bonifacio Sia and Manila Glass Supply (jointly referred hereafter as "Sia" for
easy reference). In the one-page complaint form of the NLRC, Damasco indicated that she is suing her
employer for illegal dismissal and non-payment of overtime pay. 2 However, in her complaint affidavit and
position paper filed later before the labor arbiter, Damasco additionally charged her employer with non-payment
of 13th month pay, service incentive leave pay, holiday pay and night shift differential. 3

On September 2, 1993, the labor arbiter rendered judgment in favor of Ms. Damasco. The labor official
declared that Sia has not shown any just or authorized cause in terminating the services of Damasco, except
for wild, generalized and self-serving statements that Damasco committed serious misconduct or willful
disobedience of the lawful orders in connection with her work. The labor arbiter also ruled that Damasco is
entitled to 13th month pay, service incentive leave pay, holiday pay, overtime pay, and disposed of the case,
thus:

"WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby entered in favor of the complainant and against
respondents, ordering the latter, as follows:

1.To pay the total sum of P112,570.32 representing unpaid 13th month pay, holiday pay, overtime
and premiums pay, five (5) days service incentive leave pay, backwages and separation pay of
complainant;

2.To pay attorney’s fees in the sum of P11,257.00 which is ten (10%) percent of the award; and

3.All other claims or issues, for want of substantial evidence, are hereby DISMISSED.

SO DECIDED."4

On appeal, the NLRC upheld the labor arbiter’s finding that Damasco was illegally dismissed but modified the
labor official’s judgment, thus:
"PREMISES CONSIDERED, the Decision of September 2, 1993, is hereby MODIFIED. Respondents are
directed to pay complainant the following:
I. Backwages …………..……… P43,680.00
II. Separation Pay ……………… 36,400.00
III. 13th month pay ……………. 10,920.00
IV. Service Incentive Leave Pay… 2,100.00
V. Holiday Pay ……………….. 4,200.00
VI. Attorney’s fees …………….. 1,722.00
--------------
T O T A L ----- P99,022.00
SO ORDERED."5
Both parties filed motions for reconsideration which were denied.
On July 4, 1994, the NLRC issued an entry of judgment stating that the aforesaid judgment of the labor tribunal
has become final and executory.
On July 7, 1994, the labor arbiter, upon motion of Damasco, issued a writ of execution. In compliance therewith,
public respondent deputy sheriff issued the next day a notice of garnishment addressed to Far East Bank and

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Trust Company, Olongapo City, against all credits and deposits of Bonifacio Sia and/or Manila Glass Supply
maintained in said bank, sufficient to cover the monetary award in favor of Damasco. 6
In her petition, Damasco alleged that the NLRC committed grave abuse of discretion:
"…IN DELETING THE AWARD FOR OVERTIME PAY AND REDUCING THE ATTORNEY’S FEES IN FAVOR
OF PETITIONER."7
In his memorandum, Sia raised the following issues for resolution, thus:
A
WHETHER OR NOT PUBLIC RESPONDENT LABOR ARBITER SALUDARES DEPRIVED
PETITIONERS OF THEIR RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS AND THUS COMMITTED GRAVE ABUSE
OF DISRCRETION, AMOUNTING TO LACK OR EXCESS OF JURISDICTION
B
WHETHER OR NOT PUBLIC RESPONDENT NLRC COMMITTED GRAVE ABUSE OF
DISCRETION, AMOUNTING TO LACK OR EXCESS OF JURISDICTION, IN AFFIRMING, ALBEIT
WITH MODIFICATIONS, THE LABOR ARBITER’S PATENTLY NULL AND VOID DECISION." 8
In our view, the crucial issue for resolution is whether or not the NLRC committed grave abuse of discretion in
affirming the decision of the labor arbiter which held that Damasco was illegally dismissed from her job.

On August 1, 1994, we decided to consolidate the two petitions inasmuch as they involve the same parties and
intertwined issues. Likewise, we issued a temporary restraining order, effective immediately and continuing until
further orders from this Court, enjoining the parties concerned from implementing the subject writ of execution
and notice of garnishment dated July 7 and 8, 1994, which were respectively issued by the labor arbiter and
deputy sheriff of NLRC Regional Arbitration Branch III, San Fernando, Pampanga. 9

We note that both petitioners did not comply with the rule on certification against forum shopping. The
certifications in their respective petitions were executed by their lawyers, which is not correct. 10 The certification
of non-forum shopping must be by the petitioner or a principal party and not the attorney. This procedural lapse
on the part of petitioners could have warranted the outright dismissal of their actions. 11

But, the Court recognizes the need to resolve these two petitions on their merits as a matter of social justice
involving labor and capital. After all, technicality should not be allowed to stand in the way of equitably and
completely resolving herein the rights and obligations of these parties. 12 Moreover, we must stress that technical
rules of procedure in labor cases are not to be strictly applied if the result would be detrimental to the working
woman.13

Sia contends that he was deprived of his right to due process as the labor arbiter failed to conduct a hearing for
the reception of evidence. He also claims that the labor arbiter’s finding that Damasco was illegally dismissed is
not supported by substantial evidence. On the contrary, Sia insists, Damasco abandoned her work as she
refused to be detailed at her employer’s store in Metro Manila.

Sia’s contentions are bereft of merit. His words cannot hide the oppressive acts obviously directed to deprive
Ms. Damasco of her employment and erode her dignity as a worker.

It is now axiomatic that the essence of due process in administrative proceedings is simply an opportunity to
explain one’s side or an opportunity to seek reconsideration of the action or ruling complained of. 14 A formal or
trial-type hearing is not at all times and in all instances essential to due process, the requirements of which is
satisfied where parties are afforded fair and reasonable opportunity to explain their side of the controversy at
hand.15

As noted by the Solicitor General and petitioner Damasco, the labor arbiter set the case several times for
preliminary conference but the parties failed to reached an amicable settlement. 16 The labor arbiter then ordered
the parties to submit their position papers. In compliance therewith, the parties submitted position papers where
they set out and argued the factual as well as the legal bases of their position. Damasco filed her position
paper, computation of money claims and affidavit. For his part, Sia filed his position paper and affidavit.

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Damasco, in turn, filed her affidavit in reply to the affidavit of Sia. After both parties had filed their replies, the
case was deemed submitted for resolution as the labor arbiter did not find it necessary to conduct a trial-type
hearing. Note that the filing of position papers and supporting documents fulfills the requirements of due
process.17 Further, it is within the discretion of the labor arbiter to determine if there is a need for a
hearing.18 Thus, we cannot subscribe to Sia’s posturing that the labor arbiter gravely abused its discretion when
he dispensed with the hearing to receive further evidence.19

Moreover, Sia was given additional opportunity to argue his case on appeal before the NLRC in a
memorandum and motion for reconsideration which pleadings were likewise considered by that labor agency in
the course of resolving the case. Sia cannot thereafter interpose lack of due process since he was given
sufficient time and ample chances to be heard in the present case. Consequently, the alleged defect in the
proceedings in the labor arbiter, if there be any, should be deemed cured. 20 All told, Sia’s due process argument
must fail.

On Sia’s assertion that the labor arbiter’s finding is not supported by ample evidence, suffice it to state that
judicial review of labor cases does not go as far as to evaluate the sufficiency of evidence upon which the labor
arbiter and NLRC based their determinations. 21 Moreover, this Court does not review supposed errors in the
decision of the NLRC which raise factual issues because findings of agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions
are accorded not only respect but even finality aside from the consideration that this Court is not a trier of
facts.22 In any case, in our view, the labor arbiter used every reasonable means to ascertain the facts by giving
the parties ample opportunity to present evidence. It is worth stressing that in controversies between a worker
and her employer doubts reasonably arising from evidence or in the interpretation of agreements should be
resolved in the former’s favor.23 Thus, the labor arbiter had reasonable ground to sustain the version of Ms.
Damasco on how she was unceremoniously dismissed from her job. Furthermore, Sia did not quite succeed to
convince the NLRC to rule otherwise. Finally, the mere fact that the worker seeks reinstatement and backpay
directly rebuts the employer’s bare claim of abandonment by the worker of his employment.

Thus, going now to the specific issue of abandonment, we find no merit in Sia’s allegation that Ms. Damasco
abandoned her job. To constitute abandonment, two elements must concur: (1) the failure to report for work or
absence without valid or justifiable reason, and (2) a clear intention to sever the employer-employee
relationship, with the second element as the more determinative factor when manifested by some overt
acts.24 Abandoning one’s job means the deliberate, unjustified refusal of the employee to resume his
employment and the burden of proof is on the employer to show a clear and deliberate intent on the part of the
employee to discontinue employment.

In this case, there are no overt acts established by Sia from which we can infer the clear intention of Damasco
to desist from employment. Sia’s letters dated January 7 and 15, 1993, for Damasco to report for work deserve
scant consideration. Note that those orders were made four months after Damasco was told not to show herself
again in the store, and after Sia had received a copy of Damasco’s complaint for illegal dismissal. It is indeed
highly incredible for an employer to require his employee without an approved leave to report to work only after
four months of absence. If at all, the charge of abandonment is disingenuous to say the least. Moreover, as
noted by the NLRC, it was unlikely that Damasco had abandoned her job for no reason at all considering the
hardship of the times. In addition, if Damasco had truly forsaken her job, she would not have bothered to file a
complaint for illegal dismissal against her employer and prayed for reinstatement. An employee who forthwith
took steps to protect her layoff could not by any logic be said to have abandoned her work. 25

As to Sia’s allegation that Ms. Damasco committed serious misconduct or willful disobedience of lawful order in
connection with her work, we find no tenable support. Even if Sia directed her to be assigned at his store in
Metro Manila, her act of refusing to be detailed in Metro Manila could hardly be characterized a willful or
intentional disobedience of her employer’s order. It was Sia’s order that appears to us whimsical if not
vindictive. Reassignment to Metro Manila is prejudicial to Ms. Damasco, as she and her family are residing in
Olongapo City. This would entail separation from her family and additional expenses on her part for
transportation and food. Damasco’s reassignment order was unreasonable, considering the attendant
circumstances.26

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In sum, we conclude there is no valid and just cause to terminate the employment of Ms.
Damasco.1âwphi1 The NLRC did not gravely abuse its discretion in upholding the finding of the labor arbiter
that Ms. Damasco’s dismissal was not for cause.

An employee who is unjustly dismissed from work is entitled to reinstatement without loss of seniority rights and
other privileges as well as to his full backwages, inclusive of allowances, and to other benefits or their monetary
equivalent computed from the time his compensation was withheld from him up to the time of his actual
reinstatement.27

However, in our view, the circumstances obtaining in this case do not warrant the reinstatement of Ms.
Damasco. Antagonism caused a severe strain in the relationship between her and her employer. A more
equitable disposition would be an award of separation pay equivalent to one (1) month’s pay for every year of
service with the employer.28

Now, as regards Ms. Damasco’s contention that public respondent gravely abused its discretion in deleting the
award for overtime pay for lack of factual basis, we find the same impressed with merit. We note that Sia has
admitted in his pleadings that Damasco’s work starts at 8:30 in the morning and ends up at 6:30 in the evening
daily, except holidays and Sundays. However, Sia claims that Damasco’s basic salary of P140.00 a day is more
than enough to cover the "one hour excess work" which is the compensation they allegedly agreed upon. 29

Judicial admissions made by parties in the pleadings, or in the course of the trial or other proceedings in the
same case are conclusive, no further evidence being required to prove the same, and cannot be contradicted
unless previously shown to have been made through palpable mistake or that no such admission was
made.30 In view of Sia’s formal admission that Ms. Damasco worked beyond eight hours daily, the latter is
entitled to overtime compensation. No further proof is required. Sia already admitted she worked an extra hour
daily. Thus, public respondent gravely erred in deleting the award of overtime pay to Ms. Damasco on the
pretext that the claim has no factual basis.

Still, even assuming that Damasco received a wage which is higher than the minimum provided by law, it does
not follow that any additional compensation due her can be offset by her pay in excess of the minimum, in the
absence of an express agreement to that effect. Moreover, such arrangement, if there be any, must appear in
the manner required by law on how overtime compensation must be determined. For it is necessary to have a
clear and definite delineation between an employee’s regular and overtime compensation to thwart violation of
the labor standards provision of the Labor Code.31

With regard to the award of attorney’s fees the ten percent (10%) attorney’s fees is provided for in Article 111 of
the Labor Code. Considering the circumstances of this case, said award is in order.

WHEREFORE, in G.R. No. 115755, the petition is GRANTED. The judgment of the Labor Arbiter in favor of
petitioner Imelda B. Damasco dated September 2, 1993 is REINSTATED in full. In G.R. No. 116101, the
petition of Bonifacio K. Sia and Manila Glass Supply is DISSMISSED for lack of merit. Costs against petitioners
Bonifacio K. Sia and Manila Glass Supply.

SO ORDERED.

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