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    Paquibot Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps 1

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    Jake Cuenca
    Spatial cognition involves how people acquire, organize, and use knowledge about objects and spaces. Cognitive maps are internal mental representations of environments. Edward Tolman's famous rat maze experiment was an early study of cognitive maps. The hippocampus plays a key role in spatial cognition and cognitive mapping. There are three types of spatial knowledge - landmark, route, and survey knowledge. Heuristics and mental representations like biases influence how cognitive maps are formed. Spatial perspective as egocentric or allocentric also impacts cognition. Imagery abilities are important for spatial cognition and intelligence.

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    Paquibot Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps 1

    Uploaded by

    Jake Cuenca
    32 views15 pages
    Spatial cognition involves how people acquire, organize, and use knowledge about objects and spaces. Cognitive maps are internal mental representations of environments. Edward Tolman's famous rat maze experiment was an early study of cognitive maps. The hippocampus plays a key role in spatial cognition and cognitive mapping. There are three types of spatial knowledge - landmark, route, and survey knowledge. Heuristics and mental representations like biases influence how cognitive maps are formed. Spatial perspective as egocentric or allocentric also impacts cognition. Imagery abilities are important for spatial cognition and intelligence.

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    Spatial cognition involves how people acquire, organize, and use knowledge about objects and spaces. Cognitive maps are internal mental representations of environments. Edward Tolman's famous rat maze experiment was an early study of cognitive maps. The hippocampus plays a key role in spatial cognition and cognitive mapping. There are three types of spatial knowledge - landmark, route, and survey knowledge. Heuristics and mental representations like biases influence how cognitive maps are formed. Spatial perspective as egocentric or allocentric also impacts cognition. Imagery abilities are important for spatial cognition and intelligence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views15 pages

    Paquibot Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps 1

    Uploaded by

    Jake Cuenca
    Spatial cognition involves how people acquire, organize, and use knowledge about objects and spaces. Cognitive maps are internal mental representations of environments. Edward Tolman's famous rat maze experiment was an early study of cognitive maps. The hippocampus plays a key role in spatial cognition and cognitive mapping. There are three types of spatial knowledge - landmark, route, and survey knowledge. Heuristics and mental representations like biases influence how cognitive maps are formed. Spatial perspective as egocentric or allocentric also impacts cognition. Imagery abilities are important for spatial cognition and intelligence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Spatial Cognition and

    Cognitive Maps

    Paquibot, Shaianne C.
    AB Psychology 2
    Spatial cognition

    ● acquisition, organization, and use of knowledge


    ○ objects and actions in two- and three-dimensional space.

    2-Dimensional 3-Dimensional

    Cognitive maps

    ● internal representations of our physical environment


    Cognitive Map

    Photo Source:
    Williams, Y. (2016).
    Cognitive Map: Definition
    and Examples. Retrieved
    from Study.Com
    Edward Tolman
    ● Earliest work on cognitive maps
    ● Famous experiment “Rats in a maze”
    ○ Three (3) groups
    ■ i. Food reward
    ■ ii. No reinforcement
    ■ Iii.No food reward for 10
    days,only on the 11th day.
    ● Earliest cognitive theorist

    Photo Source: Sternberg, R. J., &


    Sternberg, K. (2011). Cognitive
    Psychology.
    Cognitive Map in Other Creatures

    - Bees

    - Homing Pigeons

    Photo source: Google.com


    Hippocampus

    Photo source:
    Hippocampus : Anatomy, Function & Disorder. (2019). Retrieved
    from https://anatomyinfo.com/hippocampus-anatomy/
    Three Types of Knowledge

    1. Landmark knowledge
    ● particular features at a
    location

    2. Route-road knowledge
    ● specific pathways

    3. Survey knowledge
    ● estimated distances
    between landmarks
    Photo source: Quesnot, Teriitutea & Roche, Stéphane. (2014). Measure of Landmark Semantic
    Salience through Geosocial Data Streams. ISPRS International Journal of Geographic Information.
    1-31. 10.3390/ijgi4010001.
    Heuristics
    - Rule of thumb technique
    - Influence estimations of distance
    Example:
    ● Landmark knowledge - distance of landmarks
    - “as the density of intervening landmarks increases, estimates
    of distances also increases (Thorndyke,1981)”

    ● Route-road knowledge - distances between particular physical locations


    Mental representations
    1. Right-angle bias - intersections as forming 90-degree angles

    2. Symmetry heuristic - shapes as being more symmetrical than they really are

    3. Rotation heuristic - images were more vertical or more horizontal than they
    really are

    4. Alignment heuristic - images were better aligned than they really are

    5. Relative-position heuristic- reflect people’s conceptual knowledge


    Relative-position
    heuristic experiment

    Photo Source:
    Sternberg, R. J., &
    Sternberg, K. (2011).
    Cognitive Psychology.
    Semantic or propositional knowledge (or beliefs)
    -Influence our imaginal representations of world maps

    Example(s):

    ● (I) Sketch map of the world


    ○ (Saarinen, 1987b, see also Louwerse & Zwaan, 2009).

    ● (II) Estimate distances between various pairs of buildings


    ○ (Hirtle & Mascolo, 1986).
    Text Maps
    ● Tversky’s Experiment
    ○ imaginal setting as participants
    ○ propositional information in
    mental operations

    ● Proposition and imagery


    ○ Use both representation

    Scenario

    Photo Source: Hard, B. M., & Tversky, B. (2008).


    Embodied and disembodied cognition: Spatial
    perspective-taking. Journal of Cognition.
    Spatial Perspectives

    ● Egocentric Perspective-
    objects are represented or described
    with respect to the body

    ● Allocentric Perspective-
    objects are represented or
    described with respect to each other,
    using an environmental frame of
    reference such as north–south
    –east–west. (Taylor & Tversky, 1996).
    Thank you!

    Photo Source:
    Google.com

    “Imagery abilities are potential keys to our survival and to what makes us intelligent in our everyday
    lives” - (Sternberg,2011)
    Source/s:
    ● Sternberg, R. J., & Sternberg, K. (2011). Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps.Book of Cognitive
    Psychology.Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
    ● Williams, Y. (2016). Cognitive Map: Definition and Examples. Retrieved from
    https://study.com/academy/lesson/cognitive-map-definition-and-examples.html
    ● Hippocampus : Anatomy, Function & Disorder. (2019). Retrieved from
    https://anatomyinfo.com/hippocampus-anatomy/
    ● Quesnot, Teriitutea & Roche, Stéphane. (2014). Measure of Landmark Semantic Salience through
    Geosocial Data Streams. ISPRS International Journal of Geographic Information. 1-31.
    10.3390/ijgi4010001.
    ● Hard, B. M., & Tversky, B. (2008). Embodied and disembodied cognition: Spatial perspective-taking.
    Journal of Cognition.
    ● Google.com

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