Lanorio. Arella S.

F October 19, 2020

Learning Outcomes:
After accomplishing the learning guide, you shall be able to:
1. Provide appropriate evidence-based nursing care based on a variety of theories and standards relevant to
health and healing
2. Ensure a working relationship with the client and/or support system based on patient care competencies
through safe and quality nursing care, communication, collaboration and teamwork, and health education

Learning Objectives:
After accomplishing the learning guide, you shall be able to:
1. Define nursing philosophy
2. Relay the life of Florence Nightingale and her contributions in the nursing profession
3. Describe Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
4. Relay who Patricia Benner is and her contributions in the nursing profession
5. Describe Benner’s Levels of Expertise and seven domains of nursing practice
6. Relay who Jean Watson is and her contributions in the nursing profession
7. Describe Watson’s Transpersonal Caring Theory and the ten carative factors

Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking Activities:

Most of the activities in the Learning Guide requires reading, writing, and critical thinking activities. It
is important that you focus your attention, follow the instructions given for each activity, and answer
the set questions carefully.
Reading. The reading section is provided through Module 2: Different Views of Person, Health, Environment,
and Nursing (Nursing Philosophies). Your task is to read and understand the contents of the module. You may
write down your thoughts, comments, and new ideas that you have learned about the topic.
Writing. The activities you are asked to do are designed primarily to help you acquire understanding about
nursing philosophies. It will also guide you in learning how to construct a plan of care using the concepts of the
discussed nursing philosophy.
Critical Thinking. At various points in the Learning Guide, you will be tasked to reflect on a given scenario. Reread
and think about the clinical scenario presented, and use the knowledge and understanding that you have
learned to provide insights and possible solutions to the problem.

Time Allotment:
Reading Time. About 30 minutes; this includes time reading Module 2: Different Views of Person, Health,
Environment, and Nursing (Nursing Philosophies)
Discussion. About 90 minutes; this includes synchronous discussion moderated by your instructor and video clip
presentation about the history of nursing, and nursing practice then and now.
Writing and Critical Thinking Activities Time. About 40 minutes; this includes the time to think about and answer
the Learning Guide
Assessment Time. About 60 minutes; this includes the summative assessment (quiz) and learning output done
at the end of learning the topic

ACTIVITY I: MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the answer.
1. Who among the following is considered as the Mother of Modern Nursing?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Patricia Benner
C. Jean Watson
D. None of the above

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2. What is the title of Florence Nightingale’s theory?
A. Seven domains of nursing practice
B. Transpersonal caring theory
C. Levels of expertise
D. Environmental theory

3. According to Nightingale, the elements of a healthy house include which of the following? (SELECT ALL THAT
APPLY)
A. Pure water B. Pure air C. Cleanliness D. Light E. Efficient drainage

4. Which of the 11 canons of environment is most important practical skill that a nurse should learn, according
to Nightingale?
A. Personal cleanliness
B. Cleanliness of rooms, walls, and beddings
C. Observation of the sick
D. Elimination of noise

5. A level of expertise where the person has no background experience:

A. Novice B. Advanced beginner C. Competent D. Proficient E. Expert

6. A level of expertise where a person no longer lies on analytical principles to guide his actions:
A. Novice B. Advanced beginner C. Competent D. Proficient E. Expert

7. A domain of nursing practice that considers the idea of “healing relationship”:

A. Helping role domain B. Teaching-coaching domain
C. Patient-monitoring domain D. Work-role competencies domain

8. It occurs whenever the nurse and others come together with their unique life histories and phenomenal
field in a human-to-human transaction:
A. Caring occasion
B. Transpersonal caring
C. Humanistic-altruistic system
D. Interpersonal teaching-learning

9. The following are elements of a helping-trust relationship EXCEPT:

A. Congruence B. Non-therapeutic communication C. Empathy D. Non-possessive warmth

10. Which of the following is an example of higher order needs?

A. Need for food and fluid B. Need for elimination
C. Need for activity-inactivity D. Need for self-actualization

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 ACTIVITY II: MATCHING TYPE. Match Nightingale’s Canons with the definition or description from the list.

Petty Observation Chattering

1 Light 5 7
3 management of sick hopes

2 4 6 8
Health of Personal
houses Variety Noise
cleanliness

1 A. Pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light

2 B. Light has quite as real and tangible effects upon the human body
5 C. Sudden noise, thoughtless chatter, and whispering in a patient's room should be avoided
7 D. Every nurse ought to wash her hands very frequently during the day
6 E. The most important practical lesson that can be given to nurses
4 F. What you do when you are there, shall be done when you are not there
8 G. Giving false hope is disturbing to the patient because this causes them to worry and become fatigued
3 H. Beautiful objects, brilliant colors, cut flowers, reading, needle work, writing, and pets
I. The greater part of nursing Answer: Cleanliness of Rooms, walls and beddings
J. Frequent small servings may be more beneficial to the patient Answer: Nutritions and taking food

ACTIVITY III: COMPLETE THE BOX. Imagine yourself in the Ladder of Expertise. Identify 2 actions for each
level that you need to master in order to become an Expert.

Years of Years of
Novice experience: Expert
experience:
4 6 2 Actions to Master:
2 Actions to Master:
1. Being flexible in every area
1. Do advance reading. of expertise.
2. Analyze the physiological 2. Being able to adapt certain
situations. changes and knowing the patients
very well.

Advanced Years of
Years of Proficient
Beginner experience:
experience:
1 4
2 Actions to Master: 2 Actions to Master:
1. Observe and practice. 1. Expanding my
2. Explore new knowledge. experiences.
2. Understanding my
profession as a whole.

Years of
Competent experience: 2 Actions to Master:
2 1. Continue to learn.
2. Supplemental learnings
in the field.

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ACTIVITY IV: FILL IN THE BLANKS. Fill in the missing entry on Watson’s Ten Carative Factors.
early age
1. The humanistic- altruistic system of values begins developmentally at an _______________ with values
own life experiences
shared with the parents. It is mediated through one’s _______________and exposure to the humanities.

caritive curative
2. Instillation of faith-hope is essential to both the __________ and the __________ processes. It facilitates the
holistic
promotion of _______________ and positive health.

genuinely and __________

3. Development of one’s own feeling is needed to interact __________ sensitively with others. Striving to
authentic
become sensitive, makes the nurse more __________, which encourages self-growth and self-actualization, in
both the nurse and those with whom the nurse interacts.

4. Establishing a helping-trust relationship promotes and accepts the expression of both positive and negative
mode of
feelings. The strongest tool is the _______________,
communication which establishes rapport and caring. This relationship
congruence empathy non-possessive
effective communication
involves: __________, __________, __________, and _______________.
warmth

risk-taking
5. The expression of feelings, both positive and negative is a _______________
experience for both the nurse and patient.
awareness
_______________ of the feelings helps to understand the behavior it engenders.

scientific problem-solving is the only method that allows for control and prediction, and that permits self-
6. The ____________________
research process in that it is systematic and organized.
correction. It is similar to the _______________

learning process
7. The caring nurse must focus on the _______________ teaching process
as much as the _______________. It shifts the
responsibility for wellness and health to the patient. The nurse facilitates this process to enable the patient to
provide self-care, determine personal needs, and provide opportunities for their personal growth.

8. Provision for a supportive, protective and /or corrective mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual
external
environment which is divided into __________ internal
and __________ variables, which the nurse manipulates in order
to provide support and protection for the person’s mental and physical well-being. The external and internal
interdependent Internal
environments are __________. _______________environment includes the mental and spiritual well-being and
external
socio-cultural beliefs of an individual. The _______________ environment includes comfort, privacy, safety, and
clean surrounding.

9. Assistance with the gratification of human needs is based on a hierarchy of need similar to that of the
Low-orders
Maslow’s. _______________ needs must be satisfied first before attempting to attain higher-order needs. These
Biophysical Psychophysical
needs are ordered as: _______________, _______________, Psychosocial
and _______________.

Phenomenology is a way of understanding people from the way things appear to them, from their frame
10. _______________
of reference. This factor helps the nurse to view the person holistically while at the same time attending to the
hierarchical ordering of needs.

Reflect on the question “If you were to live in the time of Florence Nightingale, could you have done anything
different from her contributions? If so, what would have been these changes?”
Yes, maybe I will add on practice is to have a habit of frequent sanitizing and isolation of patients to
prevent contamination of diseases.

Prepared by:
(SGD) Sarah S. Nares, RN, MN
1st Part, TFN Instructor

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