This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D622 − 99 (Reapproved 2020)

Standard Test Methods for

Rubber Hose for Automotive Air and Vacuum Brake System1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D622; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.These test methods were prepared jointly
by the Society of Automotive Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials.

1. Scope D413 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Adhesion to Flex-

1.1 These test methods are intended for use in testing the ible Substrate
conventional types of hose employed for the operation of air D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
brake and vacuum brake systems,2 either on a single motor D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
vehicle or as connecting or transmission lines in a combination Oven
of vehicles. The hose may be assembled with suitable metal D1149 Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration—Cracking in
couplings or may be as fabricated for use with detachable an Ozone Controlled Environment
fittings. The term “rubber” as used in these test methods D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
includes synthetic compounds as well as compounds of natural ness
rubber. E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 2.2 SAE Standards:2
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information J1402 Automotive Air Brake Hose and Hose Assemblies
only. J1403 Vacuum Brake Hose
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1 The purpose of these test methods are to provide
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- nationally recognized test methods for air brake and vacuum
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. brake hose, in particular the hose specifications SAE J1402 and
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- SAE J1403, and to provide producers, distributors, and users
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- with a basis for evaluating the characteristics of these hose
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the products.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4. General Methods
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 4.1 The special tests described in these test methods shall be
2. Referenced Documents applied as required in order to comply with the detailed
specifications for these types of hose. Otherwise, the general
2.1 ASTM Standards:3 methods in Test Methods D380 shall be used and are hereby
D380 Test Methods for Rubber Hose made a part of these test methods.

1
4.2 In case of a conflict between the provisions of these
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on
general test methods and those of detailed specifications or test
Rubber and Rubber-like Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D11.31 on Rubber Hose and Belting. methods for a particular hose, the latter shall take precedence.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020. Published February 2020. Originally
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D622 – 99 (2019). 5. Sampling
DOI: 10.1520/D0622-99R20.
2
For specifications covering hose of these types, reference should be made to the 5.1 One representative sample of each lot to be tested shall
Air Brake Hose (SAE J1402) and for Vacuum Brake Hose (SAE J1403) of the be taken. The total length of hose required for all tests is as
Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE Handbook. Available from Society of
Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096- follows:
0001. Air brake hose approximately 3 m (9 ft)
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Vacuum brake hose approximately 5 m (15 ft)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 5.2 Each test specimen shall be prepared from the original
the ASTM website. sample without having been subjected to any previous test.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
 D622 − 99 (2020)
TABLE 1 Ball Size for Testing Adhesion of Wire Reinforced Hose
Hose
Inside mm 4.8 6.4 7.9 9.5 10.3 11.1 12.7 15.9
Diameter in. 3⁄16 1 ⁄4 5⁄16 3 ⁄8 13⁄32 7⁄16 1 ⁄2 5 ⁄8

Ball mm 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.1 7.5 8.3 9.5 11.9

Size in. 9⁄64 3⁄16 15⁄64 9⁄32 19⁄64 21⁄64 3 ⁄8 15⁄32

5.3 In the interest of safety, any hose remaining intact after 9.2 Condition the hose for 24 6 1⁄2 h in air at room
these tests shall be destroyed. temperature and while still on the mandrel place in an exposure
chamber in accordance with Test Method D1149, containing
6. Test Conditions air mixed with ozone, with ozone at a partial pressure of 50 6
6.1 The temperature of the testing room shall be maintained 5 mPa (formerly expressed as pphm, see Test Method D1149
at 23 6 5°C (73 6 9°F). The temperature of the test samples for explanation). The ambient air temperature in the chamber
shall be stabilized at the testing room temperature prior to during the test shall be 40 6 2°C (104 6 3.6°F). Expose the
testing. specimen to the ozone and air mixture for a period of 70 6 2
h. To determine conformance to this requirement, examine the
TESTS APPLICABLE TO BOTH AIR BRAKE AND cover of the specimen under 7× magnification, ignoring areas
VACUUM BRAKE HOSE immediately adjacent to or within the area covered by the tie
wire.
7. Hydrostatic Bursting Test
9.3 Report any cracks.
7.1 Conduct the hydrostatic bursting test in accordance with
Test Methods D380. 10. Oil Immersion Test
10.1 When required by the detailed specification, determine
8. Adhesion Test the changes in volume, tensile strength, ultimate elongation,
8.1 Fiber Reinforced Hose—Conduct the adhesion test be- and hardness of the tube and cover in accordance with Test
tween component parts of fiber reinforced hose in accordance Method D471, using IRM 903 oil4 at a temperature of 100 6
with Test Methods D413, Machine Method. 2°C (212 6 3.6°F) and an immersion period of 70 6 2 h.
8.2 Wire Reinforced Hose—Conduct the adhesion test on Prepare the test specimen from samples taken from the hose.
specimens with a minimum length of 380 mm (15 in.) prepared They shall be as near the size specified in Test Method D471 as
from the original sample without having been subject to can be obtained from the hose being tested.
previous tests. TESTS APPLICABLE TO AIR BRAKE HOSE
8.2.1 Procedure—Place a steel ball of the size specified in
Table 1 in the bore of the hose. Completely close one end 11. Proof Pressure Test
against air leakage and connect the other end to a vacuum
11.1 Assemble a specimen of hose 450 mm (18 in.) in
pump. Subject the bore of the hose to a reduced pressure
length, with service couplings and connect to a source of air or
(vacuum) of 85 kPa (25 in. Hg) for a period of 5 min while in
nitrogen pressure. Submerge the hose and couplings entirely in
an essentially straight position. At the end of this period and
water such that visual observation of the assembly is permitted,
while still under the reduced pressure, bend the hose 3.14 rad
apply an internal pressure of 2070 6 70 kPa (300 6 10 psi) and
(180°) to the minimum radius specified in Table 2 in each of
maintain for 5 min. Report any evidence of leakage from the
two directions 3.14 rad (180°) apart.
hose or couplings. Initial appearance of bubbles may be
8.2.1.1 After bending and returning to an essentially straight
indications of air entrapped in hose wall. Agitate the hose after
position and while still under reduced pressure, the ball shall be
2 min to break air bubbles from surface. Following this, a
rolled from end to end of the hose. Failure of the ball to pass
persistent stream of bubbles from any location shall be
freely from end to end shall be an indication of separation of
considered failure to meet test.
the tube from the carcass due to inadequate adhesion. Report
any separation. 12. Assembly Tension Test
9. Ozone Resistance Test 12.1 Apparatus—A tension testing machine conforming to
the requirements of Practices E4 and provided with an indicat-
9.1 Bend a specimen of hose of full circumference around a ing device to give the total force in newtons (or pounds-force)
mandrel and tie the ends together where they cross one another at the conclusion of the test.
with tie wire. The mandrel shall be a diameter twice the
minimum bend radius specified in Table 2 for air brake hose 12.2 Assemble a specimen of hose 450 mm (18 in.) in
and 8 times the nominal outside diameter for vacuum brake length, with service couplings. Hold the assembly in the testing
hose. The specimen length shall be about 250 mm (10 in.) machine so that the hose and couplings will have a straight
longer than the mandrel circumference. Seal the ends of the center line corresponding to the direction of the machine pull.
hose with plugs on caps in such a manner that the reinforce-
ment and inner tube will not be exposed to ozone. 4
IRM 903 oil is described in Test Method D471.

2
 D622 − 99 (2020)
TABLE 2 Minimum Bend Radius
Hose mm 4.8 6.4 7.9 9.5 10.3 11.1 12.7 15.9
Inside in. ⁄
3 16 ⁄
14 ⁄
5 16 ⁄
38 ⁄
13 32 ⁄
7 16 ⁄
12 ⁄
58
Diameter
Minimum
mm 51 64 76 89 89 102 102 114
Bend
in. 2 21⁄2 3 3 1 ⁄2 3 1⁄ 2 4 4 41⁄2
Radius

A
Minimum bend radius is measured to the inside of the bend .

Apply a steady tension force to the hose assembly at a speed TESTS APPLICABLE TO VACUUM BRAKE HOSE
such that the moving head travels at the rate of 0.4 6 0.04
16. Aged Adhesion
mm/s (1.0 6 0.1 in./min) until failure occurs, either by
separation of the hose from the couplings or by rupture of the 16.1 Fill a hose 300 mm (12 in.) in length with Reference
hose structure. Report force to cause failure and the type of Fuel B5 enclosed by means of suitable plugs or caps to prevent
failure. loss by evaporation or leakage. Allow the filled hose to stand at
room temperature for 48 h.
13. Length Change 16.2 After conditioning, drain the Reference Fuel B from
13.1 Lay out the hose in a straight, horizontal position with the hose and conduct the adhesion test between component
one end connected to a source of hydrostatic pressure such as parts of fiber reinforced hose in accordance with Test Methods
a hand- or power-driven hydraulic pump and the other end D413, Machine Method.
plugged or capped. Apply a pressure of 70 kPa (10 psi) and 17. Aging Test
measure the original length between bench marks placed on the
hose or the hose “free length” between the couplings. Then 17.1 Bend a specimen of hose around a form of the
increase the pressure to 1400 kPa (200 psi) without releasing dimensions specified in Table 4 and hold in place by a band or
the original pressure of 70 kPa (10 psi) and make a final length cord (see Fig. 1). Place the assembly for a period of 70 6 2 h
measurement within 1 min. Report an increase in the final at a temperature of 100 6 1°C (212 6 1.8°F) in an air oven
length from the original length as elongation, and report a conforming to that described in Test Method D573. After
decrease in final length from the original length as contraction. removal from the oven, allow hose to cool to room temperature
Calculate the percent change in length as follows: and then remove from the form. Open the hose out to a straight
length, as shown in Fig. 2, and examine externally for cracks
~ final length 2 original length! 3 100 and disintegration.
% Change 5 (1)
original length
( + %) change = elongation 17.2 Subject the hose to a hydrostatic proof pressure as
(− %) change = contraction specified by the detailed specification.
17.3 Cut the hose lengthwise and examine the inner tube for
14. High-Temperature Resistance Test signs of cracking.
14.1 Bend a specimen of hose around a form of the 17.4 Report any cracks externally and in the inner tube.
dimensions specified in Table 3 and hold in place by a band or
cord (see Fig. 1). Place the assembly, for a period of 70 6 2 h 18. Cold Test
at a temperature of 100 6 2°C (212 6 3.6°F), in an air oven 18.1 Condition the hose in a cold box in a straight position
conforming to that described in Test Method D573. After at −40 6 2°C (−40 6 3.6°F) for 70 6 2 h. After conditioning
removal from the oven, allow the hose to cool to room and without removal from the cold box, bend the hose 180° in
temperature and then remove from the form. Open the hose out 3 to 5 s around a mandrel having a diameter ten times the
to a straight length as shown in Fig. 2 and examine externally nominal outside diameter of the hose. Examine externally for
for cracks and disintegration. Cut the hose lengthwise and cracking or breaking.
examine the inner tube for signs of cracking.
18.2 Subject the hose to a hydrostatic proof pressure as
14.2 Report any cracks. specified by the detailed specification.
18.3 Cut the hose lengthwise and examine the inner tube for
15. Low-Temperature Resistance Test
signs of cracking and breaking.
15.1 Condition the hose in a cold box in a straight position
18.4 Report any cracks externally and in the inner tube.
at −40 6 2°C (−40 6 3.6°F) for 70 6 2 h. After conditioning
and without removal from the cold box, bend the hose 180° in 19. Collapse Resistance (Vacuum) Test
3 to 5 s around a form having the radius specified in Table 2. 19.1 Assemble a hose specimen 300 mm (12 in.) in length
Examine externally for cracks. Cut the hose lengthwise and with suitable end fittings such that one end may be completely
examine the inner tube for signs of cracking.
15.2 Report any cracks. 5
Reference Fuel B is described in Test Method D471.

3
 D622 − 99 (2020)
TABLE 3 Dimensions of Test Specimens and Form for High-Temperature Resistance Test
Inside Diameter of Dimensions of Form (see Fig. 1)
Length of Specimen
Hose A B R C (min)
mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in.
4.8 3⁄16 229 9 114 41⁄2 50 2 25 1 13 1⁄ 2

6.4 1⁄ 4 229 9 114 41⁄2 76 3 38 11⁄2 13 1⁄ 2

7.9 5⁄16 254 10 121 43⁄4 90 3 1 ⁄2 45 1 3 ⁄4 19 3⁄ 4

9.5 3⁄ 8 254 10 121 43⁄4 90 3 1 ⁄2 45 1 3 ⁄4 19 3⁄ 4

10.3 13⁄32 254 10 121 43⁄4 96 3 3 ⁄4 48 1 7 ⁄8 19 3⁄ 4

11.1 7⁄16 279 11 127 5 102 4 51 2 19 3⁄ 4

12.7 1⁄ 2 279 11 127 5 102 4 51 2 19 3⁄ 4

15.9 5⁄ 8 356 14 152 6 128 5 64 21⁄2 25 1

touch as shown in Fig. 3. Measure the outside diameter of the

specimen at the middle section A in the plane of the center line
before and after bending, using calipers graduated to a maxi-
mum of 1 mm (or 1⁄32 in.). The difference between the two
measurements shall be considered the collapse of the hose
outside diameter on bending.

21. Fuel Immersion Tests

21.1 Conduct the immersion tests on tube material to
determine the changes in tensile strength, ultimate elongation,
and volume in accordance with Test Methods D380 using
Reference Fuel B5 for 48 6 0.5 h at room temperature.

FIG. 1 Test Specimen on Form (see Tables 3 and 4) 22. Oven Aging Test
22.1 Conduct physical property tests to determine the
changes in tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and hardness
when test specimens of the tube and cover are subjected to
air-oven aging at 100 6 2°C (212 6 3.6°F) for 70 6 0.5 h in
accordance with Test Methods D573 and D2240.

FIG. 2 Aged Specimen Being Straightened 23. Report

23.1 The report shall include the following:
closed against air leakage and the other end connected to a 23.1.1 Description of the sample including type and size of
vacuum pump. Measure the outside diameter of the test hose and type of couplings, if any,
specimen. Subject the bore of the hose to a reduced pressure
(vacuum) of 88 kPa (26 in. Hg) for a period of 5 min. Connect 23.1.2 Statement of the methods used together with the
a suitable manometer or vacuum gage in the system to indicate results obtained,
the degree of reduced pressure actually maintained. At the end 23.1.3 All observed and recorded data, and
of the 5-min period, while the hose is still under reduced 23.1.4 Date of test and temperatures of test room.
pressure, again measure the outside diameter of the test
specimen so as to determine the minimum diameter at any 24. Precision and Bias
cross section. Make the measurement with calipers graduated
24.1 No statement is made about either the precision or the
to a maximum of 1 mm (or 1⁄32 in.). The difference between this
measurement and the original outside diameter shall be con- bias of these test methods for measuring the test results since
sidered the collapse of the hose outside diameter under reduced these results merely state whether there is conformance to the
pressure. criteria for success specified in the procedure.

20. Bend Test 25. Keywords

20.1 Bend a hose specimen of the length prescribed in Table 25.1 automotive air brake hose; automotive vacuum brake
5, in the direction of its normal curvature until its ends just hose

4
 D622 − 99 (2020)
TABLE 4 Dimensions of Test Specimens and Form for Aging Test
Inside Diameter Length of Dimensions of Form (see Fig. 1)
Type Specimen
of Hose A B R C (min)
mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in.
5.6 7⁄32 Light Wall 203 8 114 41⁄2 76 3 38 11⁄2 13 1⁄2

6.4 1⁄ 4 Heavy Wall 229 9 114 41⁄2 76 3 38 11⁄2 13 1⁄2

8.7 11⁄32 Light Wall 229 9 121 43⁄4 90 3 1⁄ 2 45 1 3⁄ 4 19 3⁄4

9.5 3⁄ 8 Heavy Wall 254 10 121 43⁄4 90 3 1⁄ 2 45 1 3⁄ 4 19 3⁄4

1.9 15⁄32 Light Wall 279 11 127 5 102 4 51 2 19 3⁄4

2.7 1⁄ 2 Heavy Wall 279 11 127 5 102 4 51 2 19 3⁄4

5.9 5⁄ 8 Heavy Wall 305 12 140 51⁄2 114 41⁄ 2 57 2 1⁄ 4 22 7⁄8

9.1 3⁄ 4 Heavy Wall 356 14 152 6 128 5 64 21⁄2 25 1

5.4 1 Heavy Wall 406 16 178 7 166 61⁄2 83 3 1⁄ 4 35 1 3⁄ 8

TABLE 5 Dimensions of Bend Test Specimen of Vacuum Brake

Hose
Inside Diameter Length of Specimen
of Hose Heavy Duty Light Duty
mm in. mm in. mm in.
5.6 7⁄32 ... ... 178 7
6.4 1⁄ 4 203 8 ... ...
8.7 11⁄32 ... ... 279 11
9.5 3⁄ 8 305 12 ... ...
11.9 15⁄32 ... ... 356 14
12.7 1⁄ 2 406 16 ... ...
15.9 5⁄ 8 559 22 ... ...
19.1 3⁄ 4 711 28 ... ...
25.4 1 914 36 ... ...

FIG. 3 Bend Test of Vacuum Brake Hose

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