V Unit – Building IoT With Arduino &Raspberry Pi

5.5 Case study:Smart Home

 In IoT enabled Smart Home environment various things such as lighting, home
appliances, computers, security camera etc. all are connected to the Internet and allowing
user to monitor and control things regardless of time and location constraint.
 A smart home is a residence that uses internet-connected devices to enable the remote
monitoring and management of appliances and systems, such as lighting and heating.
 Smart home technology, also often referred to as home automation or domotics (from the
Latin "domus" meaning home), provides home owners security, comfort, convenience
and energy efficiency by allowing them to control smart devices, often by a smart home
app on their smartphone or other networked device.
 Most smart home systems are controlled by smartphones and microcontrollers. A
smartphone application is used to control and monitor home functions using wireless
communication techniques.
 A Smart home, then, may be defined as a residence or a building with equipment which
can be remotely controlled and operated from any location in the world by means of
Smart Devices or through a smart phone.
 Smart Homes comprise of Devices that provide comfort, security, convenience, energy
efficiency and enhance intelligent living.
 For example, a smart home may have controls for lighting, temperature, multi-media,
security, window and door operations, as well as many other functions.

Examples of smart home technologies

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 Smart TVs connect to the internet to access content through applications, such as on-
demand video and music. Some smart TVs also include voice or gesture recognition.

 In addition to being able to be controlled remotely and customized, smart lighting

systems, such as Hue from Philips Lighting Holding B.V., can detect when occupants are
in the room and adjust lighting as needed. Smart light bulbs can also regulate themselves
based on daylight availability.

 Smart thermostats, such as Nest from Nest Labs Inc., come with integrated Wi-Fi,
allowing users to schedule, monitor and remotely control home temperatures. These
devices also learn homeowners' behaviors and automatically modify settings to provide
residents with maximum comfort and efficiency. Smart thermostats can also report
energy use and remind users to change filters, among other things.

 Using smart locks and garage-door openers, users can grant or deny access to visitors.
Smart locks can also detect when residents are near and unlock the doors for them.

 With smart security cameras, residents can monitor their homes when they are away or
on vacation. Smart motion sensors are also able to identify the difference between
residents, visitors, pets and burglars, and can notify authorities if suspicious behavior is
detected.

 Pet care can be automated with connected feeders. Houseplants and lawns can be watered
by way of connected timers.

 Kitchen appliances of all sorts are available, including smart coffee makers that can brew
you a fresh cup as soon as your alarm goes off; smart refrigerators that keep track of
expiration dates, make shopping lists or even create recipes based on ingredients
currently on hand; slower cookers and toasters; and, in the laundry room, washing
machines and dryers.

 Household system monitors may, for example, sense an electric surge and turn off
appliances or sense water failures or freezing pipes and turn off the water so there isn't a
flood in your basement.

Advantages:

1. Managing all of your home devices from one place.

2. Flexibility for new devices and appliances.
3. Maximizing home security.
4. Remote control of home functions.
5. Increased energy efficiency.
6. Improved appliance functionality
7. Home management insights.

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8. Convenience
9. Save time and Money
10. Improving the quality of life

Applications:

 Controlled electrical fixtures such as lights and air conditioners

 Simplified garden or lawn management

 Controlled smart home appliances

 Enhanced safety and security at home

 Water and air quality control and monitoring

 Voice based home assistant supporting natural language

 Smart locks and switches

Main components

To enable all of the above described activities and data management, the system is composed of
the following components in Figure 1.

1. Sensors: Sensors to collect internal and external home data and measure home
conditions. These sensors are connected to the home itself and to the attached-to-home
devices. These sensors are attached to home appliances. The sensors’ data is collected
and continually transferred via the local network, to the smart home server.

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2. Processors: Processors for performing local and integrated actions. It may also be
connected to the cloud for applications requiring extended resources. The sensors’ data is
then processed by the local server processes.

3. APIs: A collection of software components wrapped as APIs, allowing external

applications execute it, given it follows the pre-defined parameters format. Such an API
can process sensors data or manage necessary actions.

4. Actuators: Actuators to provision and execute commands in the server or other control
devices. It translates the required activity to the command syntax; the device can execute.
During processing the received sensors’ data, the task checks if any rule became true. In
such case the system may launch a command to the proper device processor.

5. Database: Database to store the processed data collected from the sensors [and cloud
services]. It will also be used for data analysis, data presentation and visualization. The
processed data is saved in the attached database for future use.

Smart Home Services

 Measuring Home Conditions: A typical smart home is equipped with a set of sensors
for measuring home conditions, such as: temperature, humidity, light and proximity.
Each sensor is dedicated to capture one or more measurement. Temperature and humidity
may be measured by one sensor, other sensors calculate the light ratio for a given area
and the distance from it to each object exposed to it. All sensors allow storing the data
and visualizing it so that the user can view it anywhere and anytime.
 Managing Home Appliances: The managing service allows the user, controlling the
outputs of smart actuators associated with home appliances, such as such as lamps and
fans. Smart actuators are devices, such as valves and switches, which perform actions
such as turning things on or off or adjusting an operational system. Actuators provides a
variety of functionalities, such as on/off valve service, positioning to percentage open,
modulating to control changes on flow conditions, emergency shutdown (ESD). To
activate an actuator, a digital write command is issued to the actuator.
 Controlling Home Access: Home access technologies are commonly used for public
access doors. A common system uses a database with the identification attributes of
authorized people. When a person is approaching the access control system, the person’s
identification attributes are collected instantly and compared to the database. If it matches
the database data, the access is allowed, otherwise, the access is denied.

Communication Protocols

 Zigbee and Z-Wave are two of the most common home automation communications
protocols in use today.

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 Both mesh network technologies, they use short-range, low-power radio signals to
connect smart home systems.
 Though both target the same smart home applications, Z-Wave has a range of 30 meters
to Zigbee's 10 meters, with Zigbee often perceived as the more complex of the two.

Smart Home Hub

 The smart home hub is a hardware device that acts as the central point of the smart home
system and is able to sense, process data and communicate wirelessly.
 It combines all of the disparate apps into a single smart home app that can be controlled
remotely by homeowners.
 Examples of smart home hubs include Amazon Echo, Google Home, Insteon Hub Pro,
Samsung SmartThings and Wink Hub, among others.

Events

 In simple smart home scenarios, events can be timed or triggered.

 Timed events are based on a clock, for example, lowering the blinds at 6:00 p.m., while
triggered events depend on actions in the automated system.
 For example, when the owner's smart phone approaches the door, the smart lock unlocks
and the smart lights go on.

5.6 Case study: Smart Industry

 The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), being the basis for the Industry 4.0 and
Smart Factory, provides connectivity for smart factories, machines, industrial
infrastructure, management systems, and more, to streamline business operations,
creating intelligent, self-optimizing industrial equipment and facilities.
 The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) puts a focus on this interconnectivity and data
provided by the terminals, sensors, and other systems on the factory floor.
 IoT enabled machines and endpoints are capable of communicating operational
information to personnel both inside and peripheral to your organization.
 That includes machine operators, managers, field service personnel and even partners like
suppliers, subcontractors, and OEMs.
 This connectivity delivers mission-critical data and information to operation managers
and factory leadership on-site and out-of-office.

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