A course on Autocad

A B Tech.Seminar Report
Submitted in partial fulfilment of
the requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Technology
Under Biju Pattnaik University of Technology

Submitted by
Name: Sibasankar Mishra Roll:ME201810575

2018-2019

Under the guidance of

Faculty Name (Mr.Niranjan k. Singh)

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Palur Hills, Berhampur, Odisha - 761008, India
ACKNOLEDGEMENT-:

It is our proud privilege to epitomize our deepest sense of gratitude and indebtedness to our advisor, Mr.
Niranjan K. Singh (who guide me to do course) for his valuable guidance, keen and sustained interest,
intuitive ideas and persistent endeavour. His inspiring assistance, laconic reciprocation and affectionate care
enabled us to complete our work smoothly and successfully.

We extend our sincere thanks to Mr. Achyuta Nanda Parida and Mr. Santosh Kumar Panda, B.Tech.
Seminar Coordinator, for giving us the opportunity and motivating us to complete the project within
stipulated period of time and providing a helping environment.

We would also like to thank Dr. Sukant K. Mohapatra (Chairman, NIST), Prof. Sangram Mudali
(Director, NIST)and Prof. Geetika Mudali(Placement Director, NIST)for having been the ultimate
source of inspiration and moral support.

We would also like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to our parents and friends for their unflinching support
and help.

Sibasankar Mishra
201810575

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Abstract

Those wondering 'what is AutoCAD?' or 'what is

AutoCAD drawing?' should know that CAD stands for
'computer-aided design' -- Autodesk created the most
popular program. The Autodesk company prides itself
on being a 'leader in 3D design, engineering, and
entertainment software', per their website. Through
their website, AutoCAD and several other software
programs are available for free.
AutoCAD is a computer-aided tool that allows many
different types of designers to create diverse kinds of
drawings and designs. This program helps designers
create their designs much more quickly than by hand
and offers many quick, easy, and useful features, such
as copy and paste.
AutoCAD has numerous applications in a wide range of
fields. The program can be used for simple projects,
such as graphs or presentations, or complex designs,
like drawing up the architecture of a building. Some
other practical applications may include:

 Interior designs
 Aeronautical designs
 Logos
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  Fine art
 Maps
 Greeting cards
 Engineering designs
 Architectural designs

TABLE OFCONTENTS
 Introduction
 Features of Autocad
 AutoCAD Screen
 Way to provide command.
 How it WorksI
 Co-ordinate system.
 Toolbars
 Some 2D command.
 3D Modeling
 Some 3D Commands
 Project work
 Benefits of AutoCAD.

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INTRODUCTION
 Designing is the process of converting an idea into an object,
product or a system. This process is iterative. CAD (Computer
Aided Design) is a tool that can be used for design and drafting
activities.
 It is a 2-D and 3-D computer-aided drafting software application
used in architecture, construction, and manufacturing to assist
in the preparation of blueprints and other engineering plans.
Professionals who use AutoCAD are often referred to as
drafters.

 The Word AutoCAD is made up of two words “Auto(logo of

company)”and

 CAD “(computer aided design)”.

 AutoCAD is 2D and 3D modeling software.

 It is developed by Autodesk company.

 Autodesk is an U.S.A based company.

 It is widely used in industry for 2D drawing and 3D modeling.

 In another way we can say that AutoCAD is a designing course , which is

performed by the help of computer.

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Features of Autocad:
When we say ‘features’, we do not mean the commands offered by AutoCAD in the context of this article.
Instead, we highlight the differences between AutoCAD and other CAD software that make AutoCAD a
popular drafting tool.

 Powerful Drafting: Built primarily as a drafting tool, AutoCAD offers unparalleled drafting
capabilities. 

 Analyze Object Details: The features included in AutoCAD allow in depth analysis and
visualization of 2D and 3D models.

 Plug-ins: Since AutoCAD is extremely popular, there is a huge number of plug-ins that are available
which make the software more useful and friendly.

 Integration: AutoCAD allows API integration with spreadsheets, document editors and other
utilities. This is extremely useful when sharing the output of the software.

 Training Options: Since AutoCAD is very popular, there are training institutes that teach the
software from beginner level to the advanced level.

 Place in Industry: While there are other CAD systems (like CATIA, Ansys, etc.) available today,
AutoCAD occupies a special place in the market. It was the first successful commercial CAD
software to be introduced in the market in 1982 that was PC based. Today, it has grown to be the
industry leader in the suite of CAD software, with millions of customers in more than 150 countries.
It still has a lion's share in the CAD market, despite the competition offered by CATIA, Ansys, etc.
With its various versions - apart from the standard architectural and engineering drafting fields -
AutoCAD also finds use in a varied number of industries like fashion designing, 3D printing and as
an industrial designing tool. 

 Versions and Platforms: AutoCAD comes in many flavours and on various platforms. The first
version (V 1.0) of AutoCAD was released in December 1982; the latest Windows version (as of
April 2018) is AutoCAD 2019, released on March 2018. 
AutoCAD for Mac was first launched in June 1992; the latest version (as of April 2018) is AutoCAD
2017 (called as Naboo).
In addition, AutoCAD also has mobile versions for both Android and Apple phones. As far as price
is concerned, AutoCAD comes in two packages – AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT. AutoCAD LT is a
slightly stripped version of AutoCAD, the most prominent limitation being the ability to manipulate
3D objects. If you are mostly into 2D designs, you can easily make do with AutoCAD LT rather than
the full version.

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AUTOCAD SCREEN

1. Quick Access Toolbar: By default this window have some tabs like: New, Open , Save , Save All, Plot , Undo and
Redo.  You can Customize this QAT by pressing down key tab  next to Workspace list 

2. Ribbons: This is your main Toolbar area where you will find all Tabs in panel format arranged as per their use .
Ribbon is consists of panel. Some panel is associated with Dialog boxes which can be used by pressing bottom right
corner arrow tab of panel.

3. Status bar: The status bar displays the cursor location, drawing tools, and tools that affect your drawing
environment.The status bar provides quick access to some of the most commonly used drawing tools. You can toggle
settings such as grid, snap, polar tracking, and object snap. You can also access additional settings for some of these
tools by clicking their drop down arrows

4.The Menu Browser: Browse all of the classic drop-down menus available in AutoCAD, or perform a real-time
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.
search of the menus, menu actions, tooltips, command prompt text strings, and tags. Use the menu browser to
browse for recent documents, currently open documents, and commands recently executed from the menu
browser.

5.InfoCenter: to access saved Search for information through keywords or phrases, display the Communication
Center panel for product updates and announcements, or display the Favorites panel topics. You can also receive
information from RSS feeds to which you subscribe, or feeds published by your CAD

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6.Tool palettes: Organize, share, and place tools that are dragged from your drawing onto a tool palette or are
provided from third-party developers. Change the properties of any tool on a tool palette and organize tool palettes
into groups

7.command prompt: Execute a command by entering the full command name or command alias at the command
prompt and pressing ENTER or SPACEBAR. When Dynamic Input is on and is set to display dynamic prompts,
you can enter many commands in tooltips that are displayed near the cursor.

8.Steering Wheel: Access 2D and 3D navigation tools such as pan, zoom, orbit, rewind, and walk from a single
interface. Start the navigation tools by clicking a wedge or by clicking and dragging the cursor over a wedge. You
can access SteeringWheels from the drawing status bar

WAY TO PROVIDE COMMAND

Commands are the instructions that tell the program what to do.
There are many ways to initiate a command:
1. Make a selection on a ribbon, toolbar, or menu.
2. Enter a command in a dynamic input tooltip.
3. Enter a command in the command window.
4. Drag a custom command from a tool palette.
The dockable, resizable command window accepts commands and
system variables and displays prompts that help you complete a
command sequence (including commands that were initiated at
another location such as the ribbon).

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HOW AUTOCAD WORKS

 There is a co-ordinate system used in AutoCAD.

 Every drawing shows its co-ordinate.

 In above next slide the line shows its co-ordinate that is

( 9,6 ) and (-10,-4).

 There is so many commands like copy, move ,rotate ,mirror in

2D, path array , rectangular array, polar array & more.

 Different types of drawing can be made in the same time by

using a command that is LAYER.

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 Using line , arc , circle , rectangle , ellipse & polygon , so
many drawing of different type can be made

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The UCS AND WCS
 The AutoCAD world is 3 dimensional. However, if we
want to draw a 2d object, such as a plan or a section, we will use only 2
dimensions (x and y).
 WCS (world coordinate system) is the imaginary plane that is parallel to the
ground. It is the default coordinate system.
 Modifications made to the World Coordinate System (WCS) result in a User
Coordinate System (UCS). It is the plane that you work on. It enables the
user to draw 3 dimensional objects.
How to work with the User Coordinate System?
Virtually all coordinate entry as well as many other tools and operations
reference the current UCS. 2D tools and operations that depend on the
location and orientation of the UCS include the following:
 Absolute and relative coordinate entry
 Absolute reference angles
 Definition of horizontal and vertical for Ortho mode, polar tracking,
object snap tracking, grid display, and grid snap
 Orientation of horizontal and vertical dimensions
 Orientation of text objects
 View rotation using the PLAN command
Moving or rotating the UCS can make it easier to work on particular areas
of a drawing.

You can relocate the user coordinate system with methods such as the
following:
 Move the UCS by defining a new origin point.
 Align the UCS with an existing object.
 Rotate the UCS by specifying a new origin point and a point on the
new X axis.
 Rotate the current UCS a specified angle around the Z axis.
 Revert to the previous UCS.
 Restore the UCS to be coincident with the WCS.

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Each of these methods have a corresponding option in the UCS command.
Once you have defined a UCS, you can name it and then restore it when
you need to use it again.

DRAW TOOLBAR AND MODIFY TOOLBAR :

Following image shows two very basic tool bars, these will be
heavily used as you progress towards the end of your drawing.
You can access these tool bars under Home tab.

As we move cursor over any tool in the tool

bar a tooltip appears stating the name of
that tool. And if we further wait for about
three seconds, it turns into a brief

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description about that particular tool. As
shown by the following image.

DIMENSION TOOLBAR :

 AutoCAD provides a whole range of dimensioning

tools which can be used to quickly dimension any
drawing without the need for measurement.
Dimensioning in AutoCAD is automatic; lines, arrows
and text are all taken care of by the dimension
commands.
 AutoCAD dimensions are special blocks which can
easily be edited or erased as necessary
 AutoCAD provides lots of control over the way
dimensions look. Using a system similar to text styles,
dimension styles allow you to design dimensions so
that they look just the way you want them to.
 We can use the following dimensional commands like:
 The Linear Dimension, The Continue Dimension
Command, The Baseline Dimension Command, The
Aligned Dimension Command, Changing the Text, The
Radial Dimension Commands, Angular Dimensions,
Annotation with Leaders, Editing Dimensions, The
Dimension Edit Command etc.

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 But first let us decide about unit system, we are
going to use.

HOW TO SET DRAWING UNITS:

 To set the drawing units, go to the drop down
window at the top let side of the AutoCAD 2013
screen labeled as Format or just press Alt + o key to
do so. And from this menu select units. A pop up
window will appear that will set our drawing units as
shown below.

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

HATCHING IN AUTOCAD :








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 Hatching is used to add shaded
patterns to objects and shapes within
an Autocad drawing. Hatch patterns
can be used to indicate a material to
be used, such as a concrete hatch.

You can pick:

 Pattern
 Scale
 Angle
 Point

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2d projects in autocad

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WHAT IS 3D IN AUTOCAD ??
3D stand for 3dimensions right? so the most basic figure of the 3D concept is a cube, something
like this:
A cube is a 2D face extruded in a direction perpendicular to the 2D initial face with a specific
dimension.
Any complex 3D object in simple definition is a combination of basic 3D object.
In AutoCAD, there are commands helping you create simple 3D objects with almost a click
The 3D object included in this list are those shown in the figure below

COMMAND IN 3D :
 The REVOLVE command
A sphere will be the figure at the extreme left revolved around
the AB axis. To draw a Sphere using this procedure, you will
need to use the REVOLVED command. From left to right, the
original 2D figure is revolved around AB with 30, 200 and 360
degrees. To use the REVOLVE command, you will need a 2D
face, the axis of revolution and the angle.
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  REGION COMMAND
When using the REGION command on the 2D face before applying the REVOLVE
command we obtain the difference below.
1 is the example without using the REGION command and 2 is the example using
the REGION command on the square before applying the REVOLVE command.
Notice here the REGION command help you obtain a full loaded solid as a result
of the REVOLVE command.

 The EXTRUDE command

While the REVOLVE command allows you go around an axis to get a
solid, the EXTRUDE command help you obtain a 3D by extruding a 2D
face along a line or along a path. To draw a cylinder without using the
CYLINDER command, you can go like this

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The EXTRUDE command helps you extrude along a path, and give you
the ability to change angle of extrusion.

 The SWEEP Command

The SWEEP command works a bit like the Option of extruding along a
path, but the SWEEP command does not care about the position of the
2D face. When you extrude a 2D face along a path, the base of the 2D
face has to be orthogonal to the beginning of your path. This is not true
when you use the SWEEP command. The SWEEP command will help
you design figure like the one below.

 SUBSTRACT COMMAND
he SUBTRACT command help you subtract geometry from 3D
object. Looking and using 3 cylinders you can have 3 cylindrical
holes on your primary design.at the figure below, you can get D
from extruding a figure looking like U upside down,

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 \


Intersection command :
he INTERSECTION command gets the geometry
common to 2 3D object in AutoCAD.
The example below shows two 2D faces that are
extruded on 2 different planes in such a way the
intersect perpendicularly and the INTERSECT
command is used.

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3d Projects in Autocad

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ADVATAGES OF AUTOCAD
1. Quickly create designs.
2. Data handling and data storages ,data sorting
becomes very easy in soft form as compared to the
conventional printing and filling.
3. Improved quality over hand drafting.
4. easily modify.
5. More Accuracy.
6. Easy to transfers.
7. Increase in the productivity of the designer
8. Data transmission is distant and remote areas is very easy
and economical via emalling and link sharing.
9. Images can be imported and taraced out for digitalization
of conventional diagram and drawing.

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DISADVATAGES OF AUTOCAD
1. Expensive equipment are required like
Computer,plotting ,big screen etc.
2. Continuous updating of the equipment and
software is needed
3. Electricity is mandatory for running the
equipments which is a big issue for third world
countries like Pakistan which is facing a severe
power crises this days.
4. Special computers skills are required.

conclusion:

 This training give me the much needed experience in using AUTOCAD

software .Most of the design were done in Autocad software that

beforehand, I had no experience.

 Lastly , I discovered just ehow much detail and work went into planning the
construction of anything on this scale.

Reference:

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  www.udemy.com/

 https://www.mycadsite.com/tutorials/
www.autodesk.com


Topic details

Introduction
.Working

Application with example

Advantage/Disadvantage

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