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    1 HEMATOLOGIC ALTERATIONS Hematology

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    Rhea Andrea Uy
    This document provides an outline and overview of hematologic alterations and the composition of blood. It discusses clinical manifestations related to conditions like anemia, polycythemia, bleeding, thrombosis, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. It also describes the cellular elements of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as platelets. The fluid elements of plasma are also mentioned. Key functions of different blood components are highlighted.

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    1 HEMATOLOGIC ALTERATIONS Hematology

    Uploaded by

    Rhea Andrea Uy
    19 views2 pages
    This document provides an outline and overview of hematologic alterations and the composition of blood. It discusses clinical manifestations related to conditions like anemia, polycythemia, bleeding, thrombosis, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. It also describes the cellular elements of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as platelets. The fluid elements of plasma are also mentioned. Key functions of different blood components are highlighted.

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    This document provides an outline and overview of hematologic alterations and the composition of blood. It discusses clinical manifestations related to conditions like anemia, polycythemia, bleeding, thrombosis, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. It also describes the cellular elements of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as platelets. The fluid elements of plasma are also mentioned. Key functions of different blood components are highlighted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    19 views2 pages

    1 HEMATOLOGIC ALTERATIONS Hematology

    Uploaded by

    Rhea Andrea Uy
    This document provides an outline and overview of hematologic alterations and the composition of blood. It discusses clinical manifestations related to conditions like anemia, polycythemia, bleeding, thrombosis, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. It also describes the cellular elements of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as platelets. The fluid elements of plasma are also mentioned. Key functions of different blood components are highlighted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    HEMATOLOGY

    HEMATOLOGIC ALTERATIONS
    TOPIC OUTLINE:

    - ANEMIA AND POLYCYTHEMIA


    - BLEEDING AND THROMBOSIS
    - LYMPHADENOPATHY AND SPLENOMEGALY

    CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:

    - Pallor sec. to anemia


    - Plethoric in instances of excess red cell (kulay talong)
    - Shortness of breath especially in anemia
    - Spectacular hemorrhages from severe anemia or
    thrombocytopenia
    - Papilledema from cerebral bleeding
    - Engorged veins in waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
    RED BLOOD CELLS
    which there is an excess in gamma globulin of the
    - Carries oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
    IgM type that causes hyper-viscosity of blood
    - Bleeding
    o Purpura
    o Ecchymoses
    o Petechiae
    o Hematoma – definite lump or tumor mostly
    composed of blood
    - Buccal signs:
    o Angular stomatitis
    - Ulcerations esp. those undergoing chemotherapy
    - Smooth sore tongue or glossitis (beefy red tongue) in
    those with vit. B12 deficiency
    - Gingival hyperplasia in patients with acute leukemia
    - Enlarged tonsils
    - Enlarged liver or Enlarged spleen
    o Organs of hematopoiesis
    - Intraabdominal lymphadenopathy esp. those with
    lymphoid malignancy or with HIV (generalized
    lymphadenopathy)
    - Koilonychia (spoon nails)
    - Hemarthroses in patients with hemophilia
    - Digital gangrene in myeloproliferative disorders

    COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD

    - CELLULAR ELEMENT
    o Red blood cells
    o White blood cells
     Granulocytes
     Neutrophils
     Eosinophils
    - Neutrophils: predominating granulocytes as well as
     Basophils predominating white cell
     Monocytes o 60-70% of total white cell
     Lymphocytes - Eosinophils
    o Platelets - hemostasis o Less than 1%
    - FLUID ELEMENTS - plasma o Plays a role in allergic response
    o Have a role in eliminating parasites
    Buffy coat: contains most of the white cells and platelets
     Roundworms or helminths
    - Basophils
    o Less than 1%
    o Plays a role in allergic response
    HEMATOLOGY
    HEMATOLOGIC ALTERATIONS

    - Monocytes
    o Largest cells in the peripheral blood
    o Has a very abundant cytoplasm with ground
    glass appearance containing numerous
    granules
    o The nucleus assumes different sizes,
    convoluted, bean-shaped, horseshoe
    o When monocytes are converted to
    macrophages, they become the major
    antigen presenting cell together with the
    dendritic cells
    - Lymphocytes
    o 2 types:
     T cell: 70%
     For cellular immunity
     B cell
     For humoral immunity
    o

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