MODULE 1 : SOCIETY ,COMMUNITY, AND

EDUCATION

Program: BSEd
Course Code: EDN 311
Course Title: The Teacher, The School and the Community, School Culture,
And Organizational Leadership
Professor: Dr. Ma.Jacqueline B. Patarata

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Objectives _____________________________________________________3

Introduction ___________________________________________________ 3-4

Pretest ________________________________________________________4-5
Multiple Choice _______________________________________________ 4-5
Performance task _____________________________________________ 5

Discussion
Introduction and Overview of the Course ________________________6
Education Now and Then____________________________________ 7-8
School as Social Institution __________________________________ 8-10
School as Social Organization_______________________________ 11-13
Impact of Social Change to Education__________________________14-16
Challenges brought about by the 4th Industrial Revolution __________ 16-18
Challenges brought about by COVID 19 ________________________ 18-19
School as an Agent of Change ________________________________19-21

Post test _______________________________________________________22-23

Answer Key_____________________________________________________23-24

References _____________________________________________________25

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I. OBJECTIVES

Towards the end of the lessons in this module, it is expected that the learners should
1. Explain the integrated nature of society, community,
and schools;
2.Identify the social factors influencing teaching and
learning;
3. Recognize the contextual role of schools in supporting
educational development both nationally and locally;
4. Analyze the impact of Education on Society and or
vice versa;
5. Rationalize the impending change brought about by the 4th Industrial revolution ;
6. Be resilient to the changes occurring in the new Normal in schools.

II. INTRODUCTION

The very intent of this module is to show how the Society,

the community and the school are integrated so much so that one
a change is introduced in one, the chain reaction follows in one or
all the components. It is indeed worthy to note that the school is
always supporting the development of education locally and
nationally.
One should realize that education has a corresponding impact

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to the society in bringing about CHANGE even global in nature.
The 4th Industrial revolution is challenging the
tertiary education to update the curriculum as
they respond to the needed skills and
knowledge of students in the digital world
especially being required in the Industry or
workplace. This do not exempt TEACHERS.
Albeit, schools do respond positively in
promoting development and attain progress.
You will learn in this module how schools
meet the challenges to attain social stability in the community and the country. Indeed.

III. PRETEST

A. Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the best answer from among the choices. Write the letter of
your choice before each number.
1. A law or an act created by the government to provide for the establishment and
maintenance of an integrated system of education in the Philippines.
A. RA 7722
B. Batas Pambansa Bldg. 232
C. RA 9155
D. The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers
2. Which is Not the Function of Tertiary Education ?
A. To provide a general education program that will promote national identity,
cultural consciousness, moral integrity and spiritual vigor;
B. To train the nation’s manpower in the skills required for national development;
C. To develop the professionals that will provide leadership for the nation
D. To promote and intensify the child’s knowledge of identification with, and love
for the nation and the people to which he belongs.
3. Which does NOT belong to the megatrends that continue to shape and influence
the society which also affects our educational system according to Financial

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 Institutions,2025?
A. Digitalization and technological advances
B. Demographic and behavioral changes
C. Global talent and skills race
D. None of the above
4. Who is considered as the chief executive in the local schools?
A. The Secretary of Education
B. The Principal
C. The Regional Director
D. The Division Superintendent
5. Who belongs to the school community ?
A. Teachers
B. non-teaching staff
C. students
D. only A & C

B. Performance Tasks:
1. Describe the Education of students now and then
2. What is the daunting effect of COVID 19 to schools and
the community?

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IV. DISCUSSION
A. Introduction and Overview of the Course
Batas Pambansa Blg.232- An Act Providing for the establishment and Maintenance of
Integrated System of Education ( supporting the mandate of the Constitution ,1987, Article
XIV sec 1.) II. On Educational system Section 23 of
Chapter 1 clearly states about the Objectives of Tertiary
Education- ( according to Bilbao et al, 2012 )
1. To provide a general education program that will
promote national identity, cultural consciousness, moral
integrity and spiritual vigor;
2. To train the nation’s manpower in the skills required for
national development;
3. To develop the professionals that will provide leadership for the nation and;
4. To advance knowledge through research work
and apply new knowledge for improving the
quality of human life and responding
effectively to changing societal needs
and condition.
Indeed, it is in the context above that education and the school is mandated to do
something to realize the intended ends for national identity and development.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dS2lLiSsoyM, education now and then.

Look at the clippings. Be able to identify the kind of education and life people have been before
and now…

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B. EDUCATION THEN AND NOW

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Task : Study the pictures and notice the differences in the kind of education students have now
and then. What could have caused these? Have additional listings on the space provided
below.
Cite 5 more differences as you remember. Then check the link I posted below. Read and
comment thereafter. Post your answers individually.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
https://theconversation.com/universities-should-learn-from-assessment-methods-used-during-the-
pandemic-and-cut-down-on-exams-for-good-143374... Read the content of this link. This has something to
do with education and assessment that we have now.

C. School as a Social Institution

https://www.slideshare.net/terai/bba-l11-dt-social-institution-presentation

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 The dictionary, Wikipedia prescribes that an institution is a society or organization founded
for religious , educational, social , or similar purpose.; it is an established practice or custom.
Institutions are stable, valued, recurring patterns of
behavior
A society is a system of interrelationships which
connects individuals together. This includes groups of
communities of people that have relationships to each
other by reference of culture. It has generally composed
of five social institutions that are integrated. This means a
change in one may cause a domino effect to the other
institutions. For this module, special emphasis is given to the society and Education.

Education according to Pestalozzi , is the “natural harmonious and progressive development

of man’s innate powers”

On the other hand, John Dewey defines Education as the

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development of all those capacities in the individual which will enable him to control his
environment and fulfill his possibilities. Everyone must be educated in order to survive.

Education in its formal structure is represented by schools.

Schools play an important role in the development of individuals and
societies. Schools are vital sources of knowledge and innovations
contributors to economic development, they are agents of social and
cultural development, they are warehouses of information. School is a
dynamic social organization that develops learners for various social roles. In fact they
represent the national and regional symbols serving as repository of people’s history and
culture. It is a Social Organization

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D. School as Social Organization

The school is an organization follows a system of governance set by a fixed organizational

structure, the fact that there is line of authority or hierarchies of authority, goals and structure
and roles similar to bureaucratic organizations. In basic education, the Department of

Education determines the bureaucratic structure of schools from national, regional,

district, and the local school level. This is the structure that we are following in our
country.

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Activity :
1. Describe the bureaucratic structure of authority in Colleges and Universities.
2. Identify the line of authority in our University, the UDM.
Why are their lines of authorities? Interpret the
organizational structure of UDM.

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3. Cite the advantages and disadvantages of following the organizational structure.
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It should be noted that in a university or Colleges, the school is structured based on
the type of programs and course offerings the school is prepared for. Thus, even the size or
population of a school will also determine the structure of the school
Observe the employees and students of an exclusive school to that of a public school.
Can you distinguish one from the other Why?
Schools do possess its own culture. According to Kowalski as cited by Pawilen et al, 2019,
each school culture is preserved and transferred to new members by socialization process.
When teachers interact and build relationships, they carry the culture of the school. New
teachers learn the shared values, beliefs and norms with their colleagues.
Each school is governed by its own vision and mission and core values that will guide
and shape its members. The students set their norms that will solidify their relationships so
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distinct while in school. This will fasten them together like a family in school. This will give them
their identities including the flow of their ideas and ideology which is influenced by their school
culture. The way they respond to social issues will speak of the school culture that shaped
their lives while studying.
While staying in schools, the aspect of leadership style being possessed by the leader is
so important according to Bozkus, 2014. In the DepEd, it is the quality and systematic effects
and function of the principal really matters as this warrants the decision- making processes in
the school. Principals as the top executive of local schools should have a clear vision of how
the school is run. The climate she wanted the community to experience, the relationships of
the clientele , the budget requirement, the finances, the instructional leadership for students
as the performance of schools and teachers will depend on the students’ achievement and
performances.

Task :
1. Analyze your College or University. Identify the
culture exhibited by your college. Is this different form
the culture of the whole University?

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________________________________________________________________________.
2. What are the components of a system or school to be considered an organization based
from the discussion ?
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_______________________________________________________________________.

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E. Social Change and Its Impact on Education

Pawilen et al, 2019 posited that A social change is a broad term and every society
develops and evolves in a unique way as influenced by social factors and events. Change is
inevitable and always happens in a society. Sociologists define social change in Pawilen
(2019) as changes in human interactions and relationships that causes cultural and social
transformation. The changes that are going on in the world today are producing different
cultures and societies are much more interdependent that they everywhere before because of
electronic communications. We are in the global village that the news happening in other
countries will reach and felt by the citizens in other countries like the Philippines. Hence, the
changes which may be introduced especially in the
economic and educational arena of other countries have
“daunting” if not challenging effect to our country.
Pawilen,2019 noted that the physical features of the
society are always changing as a result of economic
developments. The human relationships and interactions
and cultures have changes d as a result of various social
forces and events. The influence of technology and advancement in sciences, are expected to
cause more unpredictable change in the future due to these social change forces. The
following are the six Megatrends that continues to shape and influence the society according to
the Financial Institutions 2025 Risk Index:
• Digitalization and technological advances
• Demographic and behavioral changes
• Global talent and skills race
• Business Operating Model pressures
• Regulatory changes and complexity
• Changes in Investment, capital sources and
returns

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The above- mentioned social changes demands that all educational institutions must not only
respond to these changes, but they must evolve and
be changed. The challenges are:
1. New ways of teaching and learning must be
developed and introduced;
2. Instruction must focus on the holistic development
of the learners;
3. Technology must be utilized to improve access to
quality education;
4. Curriculum must be progressive and innovative
5. Alternative learning systems must be harnessed
6. New literacies and skills must be developed
7. Teachers must be equipped with high level of technological, pedagogical, content
knowledge;
8.Classrooms must be equipped with technology;
9. New subjects and courses must be developed to respond to the needs of the society
10. Old disciplines must evolve to embrace new research and developments in the field;
11. Critical thinking, creativity, and innovation must be developed among students;
12. Industry-school partnerships must be developed.

View the you tube below and try to discuss the new challenges brought about by Education
4.0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVWHp8FsV1w )

1.____________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
2. View at least 2 answers from your classmates. Comment on the response given. (Post it
thru messenger or google classroom).

E. 1 Challenges Brought about by 4th

Industrial Revolution

The modern World contains industrial

societies where industrialization refers to the
emergence of machine production, based on the
use of inanimate power resources like steam or
electricity. This give rise to Industrial
Organization. Bernard, 2016 posits that the
concept of 4th Industrial revolution builds on the
digital revolution with cyber-physical systems
providing new mechanisms and allowing
technology to be embedded within societies
and even to human bodies. You must have
heard about technological breakthroughs like
robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology,
quantum computing, biotechnology, internet of
things, 3D printing and autonomous vehicles.
One has to imagine things, but everything is
real.. and this reality itself is hovering the whole
world. The Philippines must catch -up to this
world’s demands . This revolution provides

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various opportunities to improve human communication and conflict resolution,
Bernardo(2016) added.
This situation is creating a new world economy which is perceived as having: Wider
Employment Opportunities, Demand for Quality, Competitive and Flexible Workers,
Globalization, Millennial Workers, Mobility, Technological Advancement, and requires
New Behavior.

Indeed, Pawilen et al (2019) suggests that Schools must therefore adjust and must
accommodate to the required change. Graduates of schools therefore must be adept to the
following skills requirements:
• Digital Literation – the ability to read, to analyze, and to use information in
the digital world.
• Technology Literation- ability to understand mechanical
(system) work, the use of application of technology. (like
Coding, Artificial Intelligence, & Engineering Principles)
• Human Literation- Humanities, Communication and Design.
This requires development of leadership skills, social
competence, collaboration and teamwork, professionalism, and new set of values to
be developed among students.

Given the challenges now, the school is at the forefront to

realize this societal demands and changes. It must be noted
that the school is the center for innovation to solve human and
social issues. (https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-
forum-annual-meeting-2016). The world Economic Forum ,2016
identified six (6) major skills that schools need to revisit in their curriculum and institute
change. These are:

• Complex Problem Solving,

• Innovation Skills
• Critical Thinking
• Creativity

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 • People Management
• Collaboration
• Emotional Quotient
• Decision Making
• Negotiation Skills
• Entrepreneurship
• Cognitive Fluency

E.2 The Impact of COVID 19 on Philippine Education

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laCQFsSPyOw
Challenges Brought About by COVID 19. What is worst
now is the impact of COVID 19 .
http://www.europe-
solidaire.org/spip.php?article53309...

Covid-19: Its Impact on the

Philippines — Part V

Thursday 14 May 2020, by DE SILVA

Raymund

Activity :

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 After Reading the article , Identify the Impact and
challenges brought about by COVID 19, in the
Philippines, tagged # as the COVID land in Asia by some
neighboring nations.
1. Summarize the impact especially in Education and the
ongoing negotiations between the government, and some stakeholders of schools and the
DepEd.
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__________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Using a concept map summarize your interviews (use net) made to some school leaders,
professors about ways that the schools can adopt to respond positively to the needs of our
society. (4 or 5 persons)

F. School as An Agent of Change

The school or educational system cannot isolate itself from the demands and
needs of society. People sees school as a the center of innovation hubs to solve social
issues in a society that affects man. Sergiovanni (2000) as cited by Pawilen et al,

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mentioned about the six forces affecting changes in schools. Each force will cause a
tremendous effect in implementing changes in schools. These are
• Bureaucratic forces ( rules, mandates intended to provide
direct supervision, standardized work activities or outcomes
to prescribe change).
• Personal Forces (personalities, leadership styles and
interpersonal skills usually of the principal /mayor/ executive
leader that could push a change to happen in school).
• Market Forces (refers to motivation, incentives, competition in
order to introduce a change in school).
• Professional Forces (this refers to the culture and climate the
leader is introducing the school. The standards of expertise,
collegiality, codes of conduct, felt obligations and other norms
that are intended to build a professional community hence compel change ).
• Cultural forces (shared values, ideas on pedagogy relationships and politics
intended to compel change ).
• Democratic Forces ( refers to the
democratic social contacts and shared
commitments to build a community
thereby compelling change).

From the above-stated forces, it is but vital for

schools to build an internal commitment for change
to happen. This means for a change to be effective , everyone in school -faculty, the
administration, and staff must feel the sense of urgency for a change and that solidarity
in ideas , sense of ownership must be felt and
staff must see roles and responsibilities must
be undertaken for it to happen. This needs
strong collaboration, communication and
empowerment of every member of the school
community. This also requires social, ethical,
and moral leadership from efficient managers
and administrators. They are one in innovative and creative behaviors.
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Activity :

1. Identify Characteristics of a school to be considered

as a good agent of change.

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___________________________________________________________________________.

2. Choose one school of your choice as model school. Would this represent as a good agent of
change ? Why ? Elucidate your description.

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3. What are the different leadership styles of leaders/managers of schools. Analyze the
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leadership style of your teachers/professors, some academic heads you know. You may
interview them online ….
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V. POST TEST

A. Enumeration (Controlled Essay )

1. Characteristics of school as an
organization

2. The 4 functions of Tertiary Education according to BP 232.

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 B. Essay
1. Explain the Impact of the 4th Industrial revolution to schools.
2. What might be the qualities of a school to be an effective agent
of change ?

VI. ANSWER KEY

A. Pretest
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. B
5. D
B. Post test
1.Schools as Organization considered the following components/characteristics:
a. Organizational structure
b. School culture and climate
c. Leadership
d. relationships
2. Roles of Tertiary education according to BP 232 are the following:

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1. To provide a general education program that will promote national identity,
cultural consciousness, moral integrity and spiritual vigor;
2. To train the nation’s manpower in the skills required for national development;
3. To develop the professionals that will provide leadership for the nation and;
4. To advance knowledge through research work and apply new knowledge for
improving the quality of human life and responding effectively to changing
societal needs and condition.

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VII. REFERENCES:

Bozkus, K. (2014 ). “School as a Social System.” Sakaya University Journal of

Education, April 2014

Pawilen G.T, Reyes E.M., Rivera,J.A, Sison,T.M “ The Teacher and The
Community,School Culture, and Organizational Leadership”. Rex
Bookstore, 2019

Bilbao, P. et al ,. 2012 . “The Teaching Profession”. LORIMAR Publishing Co. Inc.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laCQFsSPyOw

http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article53309.

https://www.slideshare.net/terai/bba-l11-dt-social-institution-presentation

https://theconversation.com/universities-should-learn-from-assessment-methods-used-during-the-
pandemic-and-cut-down-on-exams-for-good-143374..

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dS2lLiSsoyM

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