UNIVERSITY OF CEBU- LAPULAPU AND MANDAUE

A.C CORTES AVENUE, LOOC, MANDAUE CITY

RESOURCE UNIT on NCM 105

CULTURAL ASPECT OF DIETARY PLANNING AND FILIPINO DIETARY

PRACTICES

Submitted by:

Phoebe Aaron P. Dacuyan

Submitted to:

Welkenie D. Austria RN, MAN

UNIVERSITY OF CEBU- LAPULAPU AND MANDAUE

 A.C CORTES AVENUE, LOOC, MANDAUE CITY

RECOMMENDATIONS CRITERIA
15 % Creativity

15 % Preparation

30 % Mastery of the topic

40 % Knowledge
 Learning Outcomes Content Learning Strategies References

Overview Dietary planning, whether for an individual or a group, involves Lecture/Discussion https://www.nap.edu/read/10609/
developing a diet that is nutritionally adequate without being chapter/1
excessive. The planning goal for individuals is to achieve
recommended and adequate nutrient intakes using food-based https://www.cdss.ca.gov/agedblinddisabled/
guides. For group planning, the report presents a new approach res/
based on considering the entire distribution of usual nutrient VPTC2
intakes rather than focusing on the mean intake of the group.
In line with this, patient as an individual vary in cultures and https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1385%
beliefs, particular culture can be applied to everyone from that 2F1-59259-831-5%3A045
culture.

The physiological response to hunger and taste preferences are

powerful stimuli influencing food choices, but the environment
combined with the individual’s personal history likely has an
equal influence. In a contemporary society representing many
cultures and differing demographics, it is important to
understand how each of these variables interacts. Health
professionals can best address the dietary and nutritional needs
of the population when the mediating forces can be identified
and accommodated in attempts to promote healthful food
choices

It is important to seek more information by asking your

consumer questions about his/her culture and what kinds of
foods he/she may prefer to eat and at what time of the day
he/she prefers to eat a large meal. These foods and meals may
 be different from what you are used to eating

Understanding cultural aspects is important in order to provide

the best care to the consumer considering the race, origin,
gender, age, religion, sexual orientation, social class, economic
situation, and/or disability. Knowing the varieties and different
aspect of culture helps the nurse to deal with patients from
different culture and to avoid stereotyping and to view each
patient as an individual and to find out his cultural preferences. 

Define Cultural Aspect  The aspect where race, origin, gender, age, religion, Lecture/Discussion https%3A%2F%2Fwww.food-
of Dietary planning sexual orientation, social class, economic situation of a links.com%2Fhow-does-culture-affect-food-
consumer. choices/
 It is an eating plan, is a regulated eating strategy used
by people who need special dietary restrictions base on
his or her cultural background.

Explain How Does  Different cultures encourage or frown upon Lecture/Discussion http://ispub.com/IJTWM/1/2/11779
Culture Affect Diet consumption of different foods by individuals who
belong to their groups.
 The consumption of different foods at different stages
of life can be actively encouraged or discouraged.
 Most cultures will not approve of the consumption of
alcohol during pregnancy or lactation.
 In the Hindu and Buddhist religions the consumption of
both pork and beef is frowned upon.
 The Jain religion does not allow the eating of any meat
and any vegetables grown beneath the soil.
 In certain professions such as manual labor and
 driving, which are associated with low socio-economic
status, food choices are often limited.
 People who did not get regular work. As a result, they
will only buy essential foods.
 Geographical factors such as where people live and
the range of shops situated near them may influence
their choice of foods.
 Different ethnic groups will choose and select different
foods. This is because people who belong to ethnic
groups will have been raised and brought up in a
certain style and manner.
 African and Afro Caribbean groups will usually consume
foods, which contains a lot of various meats and a lot
of wheat and rice.
 Eastern and far eastern groups will consume foods,
which contains a lot of various herbs and spices.
 Typical western groups will consume foods, which are
much dryer and plainer than other ethnic groups.

Explain the Factors that  Traditions, Beliefs and Values Lecture/Discussion https://influencesonhealthyeatingtianas.
Influences the Dietary  A person lacking knowledge on healthy food choices weebly.com/sociocultural-factors.html
Habit of a Person  People in higher social groups usually have healthier
diets
 Manual workers who have a lower income have to
choose unhealthy eating choices over those that benefit
their health due to a limited money supply.
 Cultural impacts on food choice and preparation
techniques are greatly influential on an individual
  People who surround an individual and impact their food
choices are highly controlling in a person's dietary
behaviors

Explain the Guiding  Health workers should have an intimate detailed Lecture/Discussion https://biomedpharmajournal.org
Principle of Cultural knowledge of the people’s beliefs, attitudes, knowledge /vol8octoberspledition/culture
Aspect in Dietary and behavior before attempting to introduce any -and-its-influence-on-nutrition-and-oral-
Planning innovation into an area. health
 It is relatively easy to perceive that others have different
customs and beliefs, especially if they are ‘odd’ or
‘curious’. It is generally more difficult to perceive the
pattern or system into which these customs or beliefs
fit.”
 It can be true for one person, will not necessarily be
successful to the other one .
Explain the Influence of  Christianity Lecture/Discussion https://www.independentnurse.co.uk/clinical
Religious Practices on  Generally, there are no dietary restrictions. -article/religion-and-dietary-choices/145719/
Dietary Patterns  Individuals may choose to forgo alcohol and may
choose whether or not to eat meat. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1385%
 During Lent Christians may stop eating certain foods. 2F1-59259-831-5%3A045

 Muslim
 Muslims eat halal (lawful) foods, which include fruit,
vegetables and eggs.
 Any meat and meat products they consume must be
from a halal slaughtered animal
 Milk and dairy foods are halal; cheese may be halal
 depending on ingredients

 Judaism
 Kosher dietary laws allow for including mammals that
have cloven feet and chew their cud, along with the milk
of that animal.
 Prohibiting combined meat (including poultry) and dairy
product consumption
 Prohibiting shellfish or other fish without fins or scales.
 If dairy foods have been consumed, then at least 1 h
must pass before meat can be eaten
 Challah, a braided soft bread, is a part of the Sabbath
meal.
 Apples dipped in honey or honey cakes are commonly
served to symbolize wishes for a sweet year at the
Jewish New Year celebration
 During the 8 days of Passover, no leavened bread or
any other food that may rise is eaten. Matzoh, the
unleavened bread, is consumed during this week and
replaces flour

Explain the Role of  To be culturally adaptable Lecture/Discussion https://biomedpharmajournal.org

Nurses in applying /vol8octoberspledition/culture
 To display cross-cultural communication skills on asking
the Cultural Aspect -and-its-influence-on-nutrition-and-oral-
the patient’s food preferences
of Dietary Planning health
 To remain aware of nonverbal cues that are culturally
motives
 To move toward a trusting interpersonal relationship as
 quickly as possible.
 To introduce dietary modifications on patient with
specific conditions according to their culturally based
dietary practices 
Learning Outcomes Content Learning Strategies References
Overview Dietary practices are the habitual decisions an individual or culture Lecture/Discussion https://www.encyclopedia.com/f
makes when choosing what foods to eat. The word diet often implies ood/news-wires-white-papers-
the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management and-books/religion-and-dietary-
reasons. Although humans are omnivores, each culture and each practices
person holds some food preferences or some food taboos. This may be
due to personal tastes or ethical reasons. Individual dietary choices https://www.imedpub.com/schol
may be more or less healthy. Dietary practices and choices play a arly/dietary-habits-journals-
significant role in the quality of life, health and longevity. It can define articles-ppts-list.php
cultures and play a role in religion.
http://factsanddetails.com/south
Since the beginning of time, dietary practices have been incorporated east-
into the religious practices of people around the world. Some religious asia/Philippines/sub5_6e/entry-
sects abstain, or are forbidden, from consuming certain foods and 3163.html
drinks; others restrict foods and drinks during their holy days; while
still others associate dietary and food preparation practices
with rituals of the faith.

 The typical Philippine diet revolves mainly around the local foods,
especially vegetables. pork and seafood, and rice and noodles. Filipinos
are also very familiar with Western foods, especially fast foods, and the
diet of most today is a mixture of all these influences. Filipino meal
pattern includes three meals a day with a mid-morning and late
afternoon snack (called meriendas) is the traditional pattern of eating.

Explain the Filipino Diet  Filipino includes rice in every meal Lecture/Discussion https://www.filipino-food-
 Fried foods recipes.com/diet-filipino-
  Salty or Sweet Meat Dishes food.html
 Vegetable Dish to go with a meal
 Sauteing with plenty of oil
 Super Sweet Desserts and Fruits
 Softdrinks or iced tea

Explain the Filipino Meal • Filipino breakfast is usually eaten between 6:30am and 8:00am Lecture/Discussion http://factsanddetails.com/south
Pattern east-
 rice, fruit and ensair mada (sugar buns), or eggs, sausage and asia/Philippines/sub5_6e/entry-
pan de sal (sourdough bread). 3163.html
 tea or coffee with rice or food left over

• Lunch is served from about 12:00noon to 1:00pm

 consists sour soup, cooked pork, meat stew, fish, and/or

vegetables, served with rice and fruit or cakes

• Dinner is served from 6:00pm on, with 7:30pm

 Fish, pork, or chicken is served at dinner with a soup made of

lentils or vegetables.
 Fatty pork
 Fresh fruit

• Merienda is the name of a midmorning and afternoon snack and is

traditionally served around 3:00pm after a siesta

 It is usually features cakes, tarts, fritters or sweets made with

 coconut milk and palm sugar
 Sweet rolls, doughnuts, or a noodle dish may be available

Explain the Principle of  Eating is treated as a social affair Lecture/Discussion https://theculturetrip.com/asia/p

Filipino Dietary Practices  Eat three big meals and several smaller ones in between hilippines/article
 It isn’t a meal without rice s/how-to-eat-like-a-true-filipino/
 Eat with a fork and spoon
 Know how (and when) to eat with your hands
 Be an adventurous eater
 Invite people to eat with you — whether you mean it or not
 Avoid taking the last piece of food on a serving plate

 Holy week/Semana Santa https://www.tagaloglang.com/fo

Explain the Events that  Many Filipinos are Christians who abstain from eating meat od/holiday-food/
Contributes Filipino during Lent, especially during Holy Week.
Dietary Practice  Chinese New Year
 Tikoy, Noodles or pansit, Oranges, Pomelo and
Pineapple
 Christmas
 Leche flan, Queso de Bola, Lechon, Salad, Hamon
 New Year’s Eve
 Round fruits, Noodles or Pancit, Lechon, Sticky rice/Biko

10 Questions

1. It involves developing a diet that is nutritionally adequate without being excessive.

2. Under the Guiding Principle of Cultural Aspect in Dietary Planning it says that “It can be true for one person, will not necessarily be successful to the other one.” Is it true
or false?
 3. Different cultures encourage or frown upon consumption of different foods by individuals who belong to their groups. Is it true or false?
4. What religion that has no dietary restrictions in general?
5. From what culture that will usually consume food which contains a lot of various meats and a lot of wheat and rice.
6. It is the habitual decisions an individual or culture makes when choosing what foods to eat.
7. In what time does the Filipino lunch will be usually served?
8. In what time does the Filipino merienda will be usually served?
9. What is the reason why Filipino are fond of eating or serving round fruits in Chinese New Year and New Year’s Eve?
10. Give two events that Contributes to Filipino Dietary Practice.

Answers
1. Dietary Planning
2. True
3. True
4. Christianity
5. African and Afro Caribbean groups
6. Dietary practices
7. 12:00noon to 1:00pm
8. 3:00 pm
9. For luck/ good fortune
10.Either of the following; Holy week, Christmas, New Year’s Eve, Chinese New Year