CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the study

Transportation is an inseparable part of any society that closely relates to

a variety of lifestyles, activities, goods and services. Advances in transportation
have resulted in changes to the way in which societies are organized and in the
development of urban areas.

The City of Naga, one of Metro Cebu’s neighboring cities, has recently
gained its new status from 1 st class municipality into a component city. It has a
total land area of 102.17 km² and consists of 28 barangays, 10 of which are
located along coastal areas. As of the 2015 Philippine Census of the Philippine
Statistics Authority (PSA), Naga has a population of 115,750 and a population
growth rate of 2.52 percent per intercensal. Naga boasts numerous mining and
industrial firms operating in the area and is viewed as the “industrial hub” in the
south of the Province of Cebu. Despite the brand name given to Naga City, it
has yet to reach greater heights in terms of urban growth and economic value.

Naga City has started its reclamation projects in 2017 when the
Boardwalk opened its doors to the public. The area brought a steady stream of
revenue for the government and the locality of Naga and was well-received for
its accommodations and services. The Boardwalk is only the first out of eight
phases of Naga’s vision of reclamation projects. It would serve as foundation for
commercial, industrial and even residential establishments in the future. Now,
the City Government of Naga looks towards the development of a land terminal
and sea port that would cater the needs of not just the locals of Naga City but to
the people of the Province of Cebu by means of new faster routes and ease of
access.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

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 Despite not having a proper public land terminal and sea port, Naga’s
transportation facilities are still ongoing at present due to availability of
numerous public utility vehicles such as jeepneys and vans. Tricycles, trisikad
and for hire motorcycles (habal-habal) are also available to serve the
passengers within the locality especially to those going to/from mountain
barangays. The research topic is to provide a land terminal and sea port that will
cater the needs of the government, the locals of Naga and to the end users.

This study aims to answer the following questions:

1. How is the land terminal and sea port going to operate?

2. Is there a possible site?

3. How will the development affect the people within the vicinity of the
site?

4. How will this contribute to the city’s economy regarding transportation

basis?

5. How will the principles of sustainable design be incorporated?

6. What are the suitable architectural solutions for the proposed project?

1.3 Architectural Goals and Objectives

The researchers aim to design a development plan for a land terminal

and sea port that would cater to the needs of the end users of the structure and
help improve the way of living of the residents of Naga City. In addition to this,
the researchers intend to conduct a feasibility study on the identified site to
substantiate the development’s capability to address the needs of the client, as
well as the end users. The study aims to incorporate and apply sustainable
design, by means of eco-friendly design solutions, as one of its core principles.

1.3.1 Objective 01: To provide an inclusive experience and produce a

pleasing and healthy travel experience for the end users.

2
 -Strategy 01: Observe adaptive design and learn sustainable
design principles

-Strategy 02: Experience and examine different types of

transportation, its flow and its hub

-Strategy 03: Check architectural guidelines and standards

-Strategy 04: Scan for related books and resources

1.3.2 Objective 02: To gather data of potential end users and their
preferences by conducting surveys through questionnaires and to help
address the city’s problems.

-Strategy 01: Research existing solutions from other cities

regarding terminals and ports

-Strategy 02: Determine the quantity (number) of potential end

users through questionnaires

1.4 Purpose and Significance of the Study

Client

The way the client intends to use the property to suit their best
interests is an important aspect in the implementation of the project. The
client will not only be able to make use of the terminal and port, but also
gain revenue from the development. As time progresses, the client will
recuperate the capital he/she invested.

End Users

The proposed Terminal and Port development in the City of Naga

would support the needs of both locals and travelers alike. This location
would serve as an innovation for travel throughout Metro Cebu.

Community

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 The study is beneficial to the City of Naga for it will help boost the
economic status and social structure of the locale. Moreover, the project
offers a different variety of travelling which would create job opportunities
for the locals in Naga. Business opportunities are also assured as the
project would attract investors and can serve as an example for
neighboring cities to formulate their development plans on in the future.

Researchers

The pursuance of this topic is favorable for the researchers who

are conducting the study because of how the conduct of our study will
improve our experience and knowledge in the profession. Furthermore,
this study will be important for future researchers who will be pursuing a
research topic related to this study based on the data being gathered,
design solutions and methods being applied that will serve as a basis for
future developments.

Architecture

The project’s significance extends to the use of architecture in

understanding the problem faced by developing cities. Our conduct of the
study will provide insights on the impact of land terminal and sea port
development in the socio-economic and environmental growth of the City
of Naga. In addition, the design solutions and concepts formulated could
help push for a more innovative, sustainable and inclusive Philippine
Architecture.

1.5 Scope and Delimitations

The proposed study focuses on ports and terminals and is limited to

understanding the conditions that are perceived to be a boon or threat to the
urbanization of Naga City. Other commercial establishments that engage in
trading and commerce are not covered in this study.

4
 As the product of this study, the research-designers shall only provide
architectural programming and architectural design solutions with provisions to
basic utilities such as electrical and plumbing. The study does not include the
management aspect and the computation of the Return of Investment (RoI). The
undertaking of the study has an allotted time from June 2019 to March 2020
only.

1.6 Assumptions
The researchers assume that the City of Naga will support this study on
the proposed land terminal and sea port, which is under the Comprehensive
Development Plan (CDP) of the city as one of their priority projects. The
researchers also assume that the client or the City Government of Naga is
responsible for the financial needs of the project as well as its operation.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Return of Investment- This pertains to a measurement of how the cost of

investment of used resources and its efficiency have resulted in gains that are
favorable for the client in question, with a high RoI being much preferred.
Comprehensive Development Plan- is a long-term plan that supports urban
development by identifying how the land will be used in the creation of
residential, commercial and labor centers.
Land Terminal - A designated place where a bus starts or ends its scheduled
route
Sea Port - A port that can be used by ships or vessels

5
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter cites different studies and literature from varied sources that
is related and relevant to this study. Those that were included in this chapter will
help the researchers to deepen their understanding of the study and to
familiarize information that are significant to the topic.

2.1 Planning and Design

Bronwnell (2012) pointed out in his book “Material Strategies: Innovative

Applications in Architecture”, that architecture is formed through the “alignment
of concept and matter” or what Louis Kahn terms as the product of “the
measurable and the unmeasurable.” This definition entails that architecture is
the means by which space is combined with material substance to form a
particular construct. What makes architecture a remarkable art of humanity is
that it continues innovate in ways that stimulate social change. The development
of the use of various materials to come up with incredible designs helps further
the advancement of architecture.

In “Architecture: Form, Space and Order “, Ching (1979) would go on to

point out that the blending of human innovation and natural structure is one
aspect of architectural design that should be considered. When going through
the process of design, a number of factors ought to be considered. Chief among
these are conditions in which societies are formed, as such the economy of a
particular locale and the interests and culture of the population. Designing
follows basic elements, orders and systems that can be experienced by end
users. These designs must also follow characteristics of shape, color, scale and
proportion, such as a clarity and hierarchy, formal image, composed pattern,

6
and spatial definition. In order to be both aesthetically pleasing and user-
friendly, designs must consider the qualities of surfaces, edges and openings.
All of these can be used as reference that would broaden the researchers’ ideas
on how to tackle the study.

2.2 Accessibility

Soltani, et al. (2012) discussed in their study on “Accessibility for

Disabled in Public Transportation Terminal” the importance of accessibility in
daily life with regards to understanding external and internal environments. The
researchers have considered accessibility and convenience to be a primary
concern for the development of architectural design solutions, particular for
persons with disabilities (PWDs). However, most public transport terminals are
still lacking in terms of good design and facilities.
The “Bus Karo 2.0” case study conducted by Vasudevan (2014), for
example, expands on the need for terminal design to consider the perspectives
of both operators and end users. An attention to detail in providing
transportation services entails a safe and permeable environment outside the
terminal and a way to secure convenient movement within the area. There are
five considerations when designing a good terminal, mainly terminal capacity,
passenger level of service, accessibility, commuter safety, and passenger
amenities.

2.3 Sustainability

Bergman (2012) published the book entitled “Sustainable Design: A

Critical Guide” to address concerns regarding architectural sustainability. Such
concerns must be address with design strategies that consider the management
of natural features. Examples include rainwater harvesting, wastewater
treatment, ventilation and circulation, which help promote the sustainability of a
structure. Designers must prioritize the wants of every client while considering

7
the safety of the public within the specified environment, particularly in how to
address environmental issues that threaten human lives.

Yongin Si and Joeng Tai Kim, in their study entitled “Sustainable and
Healthy Buildings” focus on the changes brought about by environmental factors
and hazards in the development of sound and economic building practices.
Cost-effective solutions in architectural innovation must make considerations in
how indoor spaces provide more comfort to end users and less harm to the
environment. Sustainable structures rely on the satisfaction of different
necessities such as significance of building materials and indoor air quality.

Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2006) pointed out in his book, “The Geography of

Transport Systems”, that a spatial plan for ports based on land reclamation or
existing land must be designed with reliable data on the area in question and a
consistent vision by port authorities. Ports provide limited space for
concentrated human activities and can potentially threaten the vulnerable
equilibrium of the environment. Multifunctional planning of ports is required as it
considers a balancing of the concerns of the environment and the economy.
Often called “building with nature”, this method is used for integrated coastal
zone development and management in order to flexibly integrate land and sea in
a manner that does no harm to either of them.

Numerous national and international building projects are worth

mentioning in the study, considering their contributions to the formulation of a
thorough and sound development plan for a seaport. The Department of
Transportation (DOTr) launched a new terminal at the Port of Cagayan De Oro
on July 15, 2019. The terminal comes with improved facilities and security,
featuring security checkpoints, x-ray scanners for baggage, body scanners,
CCTVs, passenger boarding stations, collector's booth, public assistance desk,
designated green areas, storage room and offices for passenger-related
agencies such as quarantine, tourist police and the Coastguard.

In Vancouver, Canada, the local government devised a Tourism Master

Plan (Tourism Vancouver, 2013) that values transportation infrastructure and

8
considers improving accessibility for PWDs, the creation of a transit loop
between downtown attractions, supporting ferries for False Creek, providing
late-night transit, implementation of a public bike share, securing more transit
options along the Broadway corridor, working with taxi companies to explore
strategic planning and enhancing walkability by implementing recommendations
from the Pedestrian Safety Study and Action Plan. These actions were
developed with consultation from industry stakeholders and residents, and
reflect the interrelated elements that make up proper transportation
infrastructure.

According to Science Daily, emission impact on land travel has been

found to be relatively dependent in the number of passengers per trip. A study
has lately proven that traveling in small vehicles have low impact per person as
like traveling on a train. Inversely, traveling alone in sports utility vehicles have
high impact per person as like traveling on an airplane.

9
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Method of Research

Descriptive type of research was used in this study. This particular

method utilizes both quantitative and qualitative research methodology
elements that can help attain information regarding the present situation
of the zone and to provide solutions that is fit for the end users and the
locality as a whole; in terms of architectural design. This approach helps
assess the criterion of a population and its situation in a locality or a place
through a series of survey studies such as interviews, observations and
questionnaires. Together with the outcome of these results and the data
gathered, the descriptive method balances the numerical and statistical
analysis. With our review of related literature and principles, innovative
minds of the researchers and the data collected should bring up design
solution of the study.

3.2. Instruments

Polls such as questionnaires and interviews are the primary

means of collecting data for the study. These methods aim to determine
the present scene of the locality, as well as to identify the responses and
opinions of the residing population about the study. This would be helpful
in measuring the influence, effectiveness and the impact of the study to
the locality and the users of the proposed structure. Comprehensive
interviews are also acquired from the client and the probable end users of
the project. The researchers use gadgets such as computers, cellular
phones, cameras and recording devices for gathering information and
site conditions. Cameras are necessary to capture possible advantages

10
 and disadvantages of the site, while recording devices stores useful
information during interviews from key informants such as the City
Engineer and the Mayor. Furthermore, laptops and computers are
paramount tools in storing and analyzing data for the study. Topographic
maps, zoning documents, population data and weather data were also
used for the development of the study.

3.3. Respondents

The subjects or respondents of this study are the residents of

Barangay Colon, Naga City, where the reclamation site is located. The
primary respondents, however, are the people living along the coastal
area of Barangay Colon since they can answer the questions posed
regarding the current study.. Furthermore, several respondents will also
come from areas outside of Barangay Colon such as the possible users
of the structure and passengers of the offered trips of the development.
Our key informants for the study is the client or the Government of Naga
City

Respondents and possible users were distinguished through

various methods such as Purposive and Stratified sampling methods.
These methods are used to garner detailed insights from potential users.
Another method used is the Random Sampling that used in collecting the
locality’s opinions on the project. The researchers aim for potential users
such as students, workers and residents in the city of Naga as well as
people from outside the city.

3.4 Research Environment

The research environment pertains to the scope where the study is

conducted so as to determine the feasibility of the research project. Since

11
 we have identified different classifications of respondents, the research
was done in several places. Data collecting was launched on the
surrounding site, Barangay Colon, where surrounding residents are most
affected. We handed out questionnaires to receive their responses.

Additionally, various ports and terminals were visited and observed

in order to further understand the flow of each establishment.

3.5 Data Treatment

Collected data were analyzed and set out according to their

corresponding uses. However, these are only revealed to people relevant
or involved in the study. The gathered data by questionnaires were
explained, tallied and calculated and are presented in tables and graphs.

3.6. Flow of Study

During the title hearing which occurred on July 14, 2019, three
handouts of proposals were given to the panelists. The topic approved
was entitled “Naga Transport: A Proposed Land terminal and sea port in
Naga City, Cebu”. Before previous chapters of this book was submitted,
the dilemma was already identified, including the site project and the
client. The researchers chose to pursue the topic in order to lend a hand
in transforming Naga City’s vision into reality. As such, thorough
research, brainstorming and group discussions were necessary in order
to present the study, mainly through internet surfing and the use of
related literature and sources from the school libraries and public
libraries.

The researchers visited various offices that would support or relate

to the study such as Colon Barangay Hall, Naga City Hall and the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in Lahug,

12
Cebu City. Office visits are needed to gather needed accord and support
on the topic. Additionally, the project site was visited by the researchers
and photos were taken to capture the existing strengths and weaknesses
of the site. Meetings were necessary to be called for in order to talk over
some discussions either as a group or one on one. Each progress is then
consulted to the researchers’ adviser for corrections and better
suggestions.

After the researchers have gathered the data and information

required, analysis and breakdown of possible design solutions were
conducted.

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 CHAPTER 4
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

This chapter contains theories that would relate to the current situation or
condition in the locality. As a broad overview, this will serve as a foundation on
coming up with accurate architectural design solutions.

4.1. Principle 1: Enriching the site environment concerning the natural

surrounding environment
The principle revolves around the concept of “total environment”. This
means not only is the structure the main priority but the environment that
surrounds it. The consideration of the effect of the structure on the surrounding
natural element is a major factor in the utilization and planning of spaces. This is
to attain complete harmony of complementation between the building and its
surrounding natural habitat.

4.1.1. Site Development Planning

The structure was designed to achieve a harmonic
relationship with the existing natural surroundings. The limitation of
the structures’ impact on the natural environment was maximized.
· Softscape and hardscape elements were included
· Laid out open spaces throughout the structure
· Organized utility and drainage
· Parking, access points, and driveway circulation were
provided
· Consideration of existing traffic

4.1.2. Existing Natural Environment Preservation

14
 Natural elements like the existing topography, wildlife and
plants were included in the design plan for the structure to
adapt to the existing environment, hence, creating harmony.
· Flora and fauna that surround the structure were
preserved
· Signage designs to warn and alarm end users on littering
within structure premises
· Preservation of animal life such as fishes and corals

4.2. Principle 2: Space functionality planning

The importance of knowing the relationship between two or more
spaces is critical. A key element to a functional design is synchronized
placement of spaces according to their respective uses.

4.2.1. Role of the end users

The possible users of the spaces were known since
identifying the users would help in approaching proper
design solutions.

4.2.2. Activities done within the spaces

Knowing the activities that would occur in the
structure is a big part of arriving with an accurate and
innovative architectural solution. That is why the visitation of
the same structure is a big advantage when it comes to the
flow of the activities.

4.2.3. Relationship of Spaces

To ensure that spaces within and the structure itself
act as one whole unit, proper identification of the spaces’
use must be determined.

15
 · Adjacent arrangement is applied
· Wide corridors and hallways to assure circulation of
natural ventilation
· Wide inlet and outlet in spaces for natural air
ventilation circulation

4.2.4. Sizing of Spaces

Anthropometrics was used to secure balance and harmony
between spaces by relying on standard sizes.

4.3. Principle 3: Application of architectural elements to provide a

pleasing environment
Architecture can give viewers and users a glimpse of the places’
history through emotion. This is especially true with terminal or port
designs that would serve as the frontrunner of a city or a locality’s
impression from a visitor’s perspective. It would serve as a portal or a
gateway to a whole new place.

4.3.1 Natural Light Maximization

Colors bring a different type of energy or aura to the
table. The selection of proper colors to complement a
certain space and its use is an important factor in coming
up with the architectural solution approach.

4.3.2. Ventilation
Ventilation may be the most important factor that
could boost the structure to greater heights or require size
reduction for end users of terminals and ports due to the
importance of air quality. Proper disposal of sewage was
applied to prevent leaks of bad air quality and the
application of Biophilic Design was incorporated so that the

16
 structure would have a sustainable approach and features
despite catering hazardous transportation machinery or
equipment.

4.3.3. Acoustics
Limitation of noises coming from the exterior and
sounds of the engine from traveling vehicles should not
hinder on the interior part of the structure. In this manner,
end users can enjoy great conversations without getting
bothered.

4.3.4. Ergonomics
The measurement, movement, and interactions of
the end users where proportion and geometry of spaces
were patterned is part of the design challenge. The
application of ergonomics is intended to minimize stress
while traveling and improve comfort and satisfaction among
our end users.

4.4. Principle 4: Sustainability in Biophilic Design

Due to the destructive force brought about by natural disasters
around the world, designers and architects come up with solutions that
would help minimize the damages wrought by these tragedies by
applying sustainable design. This innovation combines principles and
elements found in nature to the design of the structure. Such methods
are also used to prevent damage to the surrounding ecosystem.

4.4.1. Energy Conservation

Buildings require energy flow constantly to function
but there are a couple of ways on how to reduce and save
energy usage.

17
 · Conscious energy planning
· Heat gain and loss avoidance
· Passive cooling and heating
· Use of solar panels as backup in case of power
outage
· Optimization of operational practices
· Use of light materials to avoid an increase in
temperature in the interior

4.4.2. Interior space quality

Buildings require energy flow constantly to function
but there are some ways on how to reduce and save
energy.
· Maximize natural light by providing openings
· Promote proper ventilation techniques
· Easy space to space access
· Blocking or reduction of noise pollution
· Occupant control temperature

4.5. Principle 5: Promoting a safety travel program

The use of the structure is to cater to traveling users that would
use our shipping lines and ports. That is why we consider not just the
design and the aesthetic but also the program offered. Proper visits to
various ports and terminals around Cebu City were conducted as well as
data collected for the standards of this space requirement.

4.5.1. Terminal Innovation

The researchers aim to take a new approach to the
designed transport terminal by adding benches and parks
throughout the structure. Kiosks and commercial spaces

18
 are also offered to provide satisfaction to visitors and
travelers.

4.5.2. Safety and Security

Sprinklers and security systems such as CCTV’s are
provided and are distributed to almost all public spaces in
the structure. This is, once again, to provide extra security
measures for travelers to feels safe.

4.6. Principle 6: Material Strategy

The application of innovative materials in architecture is important
for the sustainability of the building in the long run. Besides its use for
aesthetics, materials play a very big role in coming up with a design
solution. Materials like rainwater catchment system and solar panels are
a few approaches that the researchers have agreed upon to equip in the
structure for accurate material approach.

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 CHAPTER 5

DESIRED BEHAVIOR

5.1. Site

5.1.1. Location and Description

The site is located in Colon, one of East Poblacion’s barangays in

Naga City. Positioned in the southern part of the province of Cebu, Naga
City is a component city with a land area of 102.17 km² and consists of
28 barangays, 10 of which are located along coastal areas. As of the
2015 Philippine Census of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), Naga
has a population of 115,750 and a population growth rate of 2.52 percent
per intercensal. Naga boasts numerous mining and industrial firms
operating within the city and is considered the industrial hub in the south
of the Province of Cebu.

20
 5.1 Figure 1: Satellite View of Barangay Colon

A big part of Naga City is composed mostly of forest, residential

and industrial areas. Commercial areas are also scattered throughout the
city. The majority of the city's land area has a slope of undulating to
rolling (8-18%) slope category.

21
5.1 Figure 2: Urban Zoning Map of Naga City

22
 5.1 Figure 3: Urban Slope Map of Naga City

5.1.2. Site Description

The reclaimed site is owned by the Local Government Unit (LGU) of

Naga City, having a total land area of 31,196 sq.m. The lot (phase 2) is located
beside Naga City Boardwalk (phase 1).

23
 5.1 Figure 4: Project Site

TECHNICAL LOT DESCRIPTION

LINE BEARING DISTANCE

1-2 N 09’ 05’’ E 90.65 M.
2-3 N 82’ 21’’ W 32.20 M.
3-4 N 13’ 08’’ E 23.36 M.
4-5 N 22’ 42’’ E 77.82 M.
5-6 S 71’ 25’’ E 181.74 M.
6-7 S 05’ 51’’ W 151.14 M.
7-1 N 83’ 29’’ W 175.71 M.
5.1 Figure 5: Technical Lot Description

24
5.1.3. Mode of Transportation

The Naga City transport network consists of the 24.4 km long national
road connected to neighboring municipalities and towns. It also has a secondary
road going uphill crossing barangays which is precisely 113.3 km. in length. The
city road network has a total length of 165.25 km. Public utility jeepneys (PUJs),
mini-buses, utility vehicles, tricycles, cargoes, vans, and trailers serve as major
forms of public land transportation.

5.1 Figure 6: Infrastructure Map (Road Networks)

5.1.4. Soil Type

25
 A large portion of the city mostly consists of Faraon Clay (steep phase),
which makes up exactly 60.88% of the total land area,. A big possibility that this
is also the soil used for reclamation in phase 2. This is seen in 18-30% slopes.
Meanwhile, Mandaue clay dominates the rest of the land area with a 0-8%
slope.

5.1 Figure 7: Soil Map

5.1.5. Waterways

Based on the current condition of the site, catchment areas are used in
determining the width of easements for no-built zones which is eventually
utilized for flood control and drainage system management. The structure would
be accommodated by the Colon-Tangke watershed where the structure sits on.

26
 5.1 Figure 8: Watershed and Drainage Map

5.1.6. Minerals and Resources

Naga City boasts two major types of minerals, the Car-car Formation –
Limestone, which reigns at exactly 23.67% of the city’s total land area, and the
Malubog Formation - Conglomerate at 15.61%. Car-car Formation - Limestone
is a porous coralline limestone defined by its pitted grooves, branching
pinnacles, and small sinkholes. These limestones are composed of algae, shell
and carbonate materials. Malubog Formation, on the other hand, is made up of
shale, mudstone and occasional beds of conglomerate, coal, and limestone.

27
5.1 Figure 9: Mineral Map

28
5.2. Conceptual Framework and Details

PWD Friendly

Connectivity and Ease of access in related

Accesibility spaces

Clear pathways for the

users

Sufficient water and

energy supply

Maintenance and Utilities Proper ventilation

NAGA TRANSPORT: A Proposed

Does not obstruct with the

Bus Terminal and Sea Port

design flow of the building

Accessible to users

Provide enough parking

Performance Objectives Parking spaces for users and
terminal

PWD parking

Innovative interior design

for the users

Proper work spaces that

Social Interaction
wouldn't affect the users

Proper space orientation o

the building

Open-space planning
promotion

Circulation of the buses

Circulation
should be simple and clear

Smooth flow of end users

pathway

5.2 Figure 1: Conceptual Diagram

29
 Provide a satisfactory commercial
space

Work spaces that would improve

Space Orientation work flow and provide comfort are
incorporated

Commercial spaces should be

separated from the work spaces

Color scheme that would bring

comfort and ease

Use of stimulating colors to

Color Psychology
improve the work productivity

Color scheme that would

NAGA TRANSPORT: A Proposed

complement the function of the

building
Bus Terminal and Sea Port

A design character that would

complement both function and
form

Perception of shape usage to

Conceptual Design Building Character enhance the visual quality of the
building

Form and shape usage that would

identify the function of the
building

Hierarchy of spaces

Design in harmony with the

Land Use
reclaimed area

Design in accordance to the

reclamed area and its surrounding
environment

To showcase the community's rich

history and culture

Provide proper vegetation and

Community-driven Design
landscape in the area

Proper disposal of waste materials

from the area

5.2 Figure 2: Conceptual Diagram

30
 Security should be
impermeable from outside
threats

Implementation of fire
Security and Safety
safety measures

Taking into consideration

the well-being and safety
of the end users

Provision of sustainable
building materials

Maximize the natural

Sustainability
lighting and ventilation

Provision of Green
NAGA TRANSPORT: A Proposed

Landscapes
Bus Terminal and Sea Port

Easily accessible to the

community

Provide enough services

Socio-Economic Evaluation Socio-Economic Edge that would cater the needs
of the users

Provide enough services for

any transport

Provide effective utilization

of space

Encourage simple
Planning of Spaces
orientation of spaces

Offer spaces for

commercial services

Utilize cost-effective
building materials

Utilize eco-friendly cooling

Technology
system

Effective proper waste

disposal

5.2 Figure 3: Conceptual Diagram

31
5.2.1. Performance Objective

PWD friendly
Simple, ease of
access and spacious
Connectivity and Ease of access in
Accessibility related spaces

Clear pathways for

the users

5.2 Figure 4 Accessibility and Connectivity

An effective layout allows movements with ease by providing wide

corridors and hallways. It provides access that’s understandable and
simple.

Sufficient water and energy

supply
User-friendly, always
available for end users
satisfaction
Utilities and Maintenance Proper ventilation

Does not obstruct on the

design flow of the building

5.2 Figure 5 Utilities and Maintenance

Maintenance and utility provision is applied in order for the building

to offer a healthy travel experience for the end users. This can be
achieved by proper high-maintenance work observation.

32
 Provide enough parking
spaces for the users and
terminal
Accessible, sufficient to the
user

Parking PWD parking

Accessible to users

5.2 Figure 6 Parking

Parking spaces are provided to accommodate the building's end

users. As such, the parking system aims to be sufficient, user-friendly
and easily accessed.

Innovative interior design

for the users
Offers a better travel and
working environment
Proper work spaces that
Social Interaction
wouldn't affect the users

Proper space orientation of

the building

5.2 Figure 7 Social Interaction

The harmony of travel and working experience for the end users is
an utmost concern. Social interaction is considered in providing quality
service that prioritizes comfort, security, and satisfaction for all end users.

33
 Open-space planning
promotion
Legible, open, spontaneous
Circulation of the buses
Circulation
should be simple and clear

Smooth flow of end users

pathway

5.2 Figure 8 Circulation

An understandable layout gives effective circulation within the

structure and a smooth flow of pace for the travelers. Corridors and halls
must be visually layered and bounded. Spacious walkways or pathways
are to be set up in order to avoid traffic.

5.2.2. Conceptual Design

Provide a satisfactory
commercial space
Well-organized spaces
depending on its functions
Work spaces that would
Space Orientation improve work flow and provide
comfort are incorporated

Commercial spaces should be

separated from the work spaces

5.2 Figure 9 Space Orientation

The purpose of this concept is to help the researchers come up

with spaces that are well-arranged and organized. A mutual balance of
work and travel spaces is achieved by the separation of both spaces in

34
the design in order to avoid distraction or disturbance to both classes of
end users.

Color scheme that would

bring comfort and ease
Harmonious use of color
scheme
Use of stimulating colors to
Color Psychology improve the work
productivity

Color scheme that would

complement the function of
the building

5.2 Figure 10 Color Psychology

The proper selection and application of color scheme is not only

for aesthetic and visual presentation but also to provide a unique travel
experience for the end users. This is also to stimulate a better and
healthy traveling environment.

A design character that

would complement both
function and form
Shape and space proper
perception
Perception of shape usage
Building Character to enhance the visual
quality of the building

Form and shape usage that

would identify the function
of the building

5.2 Figure 11 Building Character

35
 The researchers plan on incorporating the perception of spaces
and shapes to achieve aesthetically pleasing visual quality of the
structure without disremembering the main function of the building and
therefore create balance.

Hierarchy of spaces
Effective incorporation
of site elements
Desgin in harmony with
Land Use
the reclaimed area

Design in accordance to
the reclaimed area

5.2 Figure 12 Land Use

Efficient and proper intermingling or combination of man-made and

natural elements for optimum space utilization should be applied by
considering previous performance objectives.

36
 To showcase the
community's history and
culture
Distince character unique
to the area
Provide proper vegetation
Community-Driven Design
and landscape in the area

Proper disposal of waste

materials from the area

5.2 Figure 13 Community-driven Design

In order to achieve a powerful impact in the heart of the city, a

distinct, pleasing and remarkable environment should be considered. In
this way, end users can experience what it is like to be in Naga City by
just setting foot in the structure.

5.2.3. Socio-Economic Evaluation

Security should be
invulnerable from all the
safety threats
Values the security of the
users within the area
Fire safety measures
Safety and Security
should be implemented

The well-being and safety

of the users should be
taken in consideration

5.2 Figure 14 Safety and Security

This is to assure the security and safety of the end users from
exterior and interior hazards. Safety measure establishment would serve

37
 as necessary protection to the end users in order to provide a healthy
and peaceful work and travel experience.

Provision of
sustainable building
Eco-friendly and user materials
friendly
Maximize the natural
Sustainability
lighting and ventilation

Incorporate renewable
resources

5.2 Figure 15 Sustainability

To incorporate a building design that would avoid harm to both the

end users and the surrounding environment, renewable resources must
be applied in a way that helps preserve the existing environment. Indoor
air quality provision that would benefit the end users of the building is
also provided.

Easily access to the

community
Appeal of a multi-function
development to the
comunity Provide enough services
Socio-Economic Edge that would cater the needs
of the user

Provide enough services for

anny transport

5.2 Figure 16 Socio-Economic Edge

38
 The appeal of a land terminal and sea port to the socio-economic
edge of the community is to contribute additional and accessible routes
for the people of Naga, as well as Cebu. This would also help in boosting
the income of the city by providing satisfactory services such as safe
travel and various commercial establishments that would attract investors
in the years to come.

Provide effective utilization

of space
Effective spacce utilization
depending on its functions
Encourage simple
Space Planning
orientation of spaces

Offer spaces for

commercial services

5.2 Figure 17 Space Planning

Maximizing the potential use of the site, together with effective

planning, would result in an economically sound development plan for the
city. Balance of social and economic use in spaces can benefit both the
client and the end users.

Utilize cost-effective
building materials
Use of technology to
improve the quality of the
service
Utilize eco-friendly cooling
Technology
system

Effective proper waste

disposal

5.2 Figure 18 Technology

39
 The utilization of effective technological methods would increase
the value of the development. Using cost-efficient materials and an eco-
friendly approach to ventilation and light are some ways to improve the
whole experience of end users on the structure.

5.3 Laws and Guidelines

There are aspects that need to be addressed in planning and
designing. It is also important to have knowledge of the laws that govern
it. These are a few of the laws and guidelines that help in guiding the
study to success.

5.3.1 Zoning Ordinance

The Zoning Ordinance is a binding set of rules and

regulations pertaining to the usage of land in a City/Municipality.
This document has a set of allowed uses and regulations that
applies to each designated zone. Zoning is the division of a
community into various zones and districts (e.g. residential,
industrial, commercial, institutional, etc.) according to present
possible uses of land to optimize, regulate and direct their use and
development according to the Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(CLUP). The locally enacted ordinance embodies regulations and
rules that affect uses allowed or disallowed in the district, the
conditions to allowing them, and deviations legally allowed in the
requirements of the said ordinance. This law serves as a guide to
the researchers on how the land should be designed and the most
effective way of treating the use of the structure. As such, this
document gives the researchers an idea on how to address the
study and ensure a well-organized development.

40
5.3.2 Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan is a document

prepared by LGUs to rationalize the proper use of land resources.
It showcases public and private land uses according to their future
spatial organization of economic and social activities. It is a
document containing detailed proposals for regulating the growth,
guiding and development of a municipality or a city. This guides
the researchers on the proper use of land in the site as identified
and how the design and planning phase of the study in
consideration of the growth of the area. This also helps the
researchers on following the rules and regulations stated in this
document.

5.3.3. Presidential Decree No. 857 (Revised Charter of the Philippine

Ports Authority created under PD 505)

This law addresses the need to recognize, integrate and

coordinate port planning, development, control and operations at
the national level. At the same time, promote the growth of
regional port bodies responsive to the needs of their individual
localities.

To redirect and reorganize port administration beyond its

specific and traditional functions of harbor development and
handling operations to the broader function of the total port district
development, including encouraging the full and efficient utilization
of the Port’s hinterland and tributary areas.

5.3.4 Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (Accessibility Law)

41
 No group of people shall be deprived of full participation
and enjoyment of the environment or be made unequal with the
rest due to any disability. In order to achieve this goal adopted by
the United Nations, certain basic principles shall be applied such
as accessibility, reachability, orientation, usability, safety, and
efficiency and workability.

5.3.5 Republic Act No. 10524 (The Magna Carta For Persons With
Disability)

The law states that no person shall be denied access to

opportunities for suitable employment. The statute also implies
access to quality education and be provided ample opportunities to
develop their skills. The State shall encourage learning institutions
to take into account the special needs of disabled persons with
respect to the use of school facilities, class schedules, physical
education requirements and other pertinent considerations.

5.3.6 Republic Act No. 11311 (An Act to Improve Land Transportation
Terminal, Stations, Stops, Rest Areas And Roll-On/Roll-Off Terminals)

The law requires land transportation terminals, stopovers,

rest areas, as well as roll-on/roll-off terminals to improve their
facilities for better convenience of the end users who are
commuting. This includes the provision of better sanitary facilities,
designated lactation stations and the next act which is.

5.3.7 Republic Act No. 10929 (Free Internet access in Public Places
Act)

42
 This act shall ensure that free internet is provided in
transportation terminals, stations, stops, rest areas, and RORO
terminals. Owners, operators or administrators of such show the
paid bus ticket for the day in order to avail of the free use of
sanitary facilities. This act is operated solely for commercial
purposes and for the convenience of the passenger who require
and prefer such facilities within land transport terminals and all.

5.3.8 Memorandum Circular 2008-013

A standard classification and guidelines to any building or

facility constructed primarily for the purpose of loading and
unloading of passengers by public utility vehicles. The
classification and requirements shall be the basis in determining
adherence and compliance which conforms with standards set
forth by the LTFRB for the operation.

5.3.9 Republic Act No. 9514 (Fire Code of the Philippines)

This is the policy of the State that ensures the safety of the
public, promote economic development through the prevention
and suppression of all kinds of destructive fires, and promote the
professionalization of the fire service as a profession. Thus, the
State shall enforce all laws, rules, and regulations to ensure
adherence to standard fire prevention and safety measures, and
promote accountability in the fire protection and prevention
service. With this law, the researchers are guided on taking the
necessary precautions on fire safety by the provisions of fire exits,
fire extinguishers, sprinkles, and other fire safety measures to
ensure the safety of the users.

43
 CHAPTER 6

CLIENT AND USER

6.1. Client Profile

The site location (Phase 2) of the study is within East Poblacion,

Brgy. Colon, Naga City, and has a total lot area of 31,196 sq.m. It is a
reclaimed area fronting the coast of Brgy. Colon and would be erected
just a couple meters away from the Naga City Boardwalk (Phase 1). The
reclaimed lot is owned by the Local Government Unit of Naga City led by
Hon. Valdemar Chiong. The proposed project is a complex construction
of a Land Terminal and a Sea Port that would benefit the locality of East
Poblacion and the residents Naga City, as well.

The client proposed, in detail, a feasibility study for a land terminal

and sea port in the city’s Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP).
During an interview with the City Engineer Joveno C. Garcia, it was
agreed upon that the project would help provide great economic boons
not only for the city and its residents but also for the neighboring cities,
municipalities, and islands, as well.

6.2. User Profile

Naga City is an industrial hub in the south of the Province of Cebu

that serves as a paramount of manufacturing in the country and also a

44
transport link to all southern municipalities in the Province. The city acts
as a transport, commercial and tourism nerve center.

6.2.1. Passengers / Travelers

The main users of the structure are travelers visiting
the area or passengers leaving the locale. The trip and
experience of the passengers should be taken into
consideration when coming up with the design concept and
solution. A primary goal is to let the end users experience
the city as a whole through a series of spectacular design
features.

6.2.2. Commercial Spaces

The structure would provide spaces that are
exclusive to commercial establishments. This is to
showcase the rich history and culture of the city within the
building through various food and accessories, such as
borloloys.

6.2.3. Employees and Staff

The staff include the cleaners, the maintenance
personnel, the gardeners, and the security personnel. The
security personnel carry out their guard duties through the
observation and tracking of people coming in and out on the
premises. The cleaners are responsible for maintaining
cleanliness in the area. The maintenance personnel, on the
other hand, are in charge of handling and keeping things in
order inside the premises.

45
 CHAPTER 7
DATA PRESENTATION

7.1. Qualitative Survey

Open-ended questions and in-depth interviews were applied in

order to gather data from various personnel such as professionals,
consultants, local authorities and students who are residing in Naga City,
Cebu.

We have conducted an interview from the following respondents

around the locality:

1. Possible passengers / travelers

2. Living in Naga City

a. Permanent Residents

b. Temporary Residents (Leasing/Renting)

3. Tourists

a. Local Tourists

b. Foreign Tourists

7.2. Respondents' Profile

Age Frequency Percentage Occupation Frequency Percentage

18 years old % Students %
and below
19-29 years % Employed %

46
 old
30-59 years % Unemployed %
old
60 years old % Tourist %
and above
Total % Total %
7.2. Figure 1: Interviewed Personnel Response

Gender Frequency Percentage Marital Frequency Percentage

Status
Male % Single %
Female % Married %
Total % Total %
7.2 Figure 2: Overall Population Density

7.3. Survey Questionnaire for the Naga Transport: A Proposed Land

terminal and sea port in Naga City, Cebu

The researchers, 5th year Architecture Students in Cebu Institute of

Technology-University, are conducting a survey for the success of Naga
Transport: A Proposed Land terminal and sea port in Naga City, Cebu to the
residents of East Poblacion, Naga City. Your response and cooperation is
needed and will be beneficial to our project study.

* Please mark a check that expresses or gives your best answer on the space
provided.

Respondents
Gender: [ ] Male [ ] Female

Age: [ ] Below 18 years old

[ ] 19-29 years old
[ ] 30-59 years old
[ ] 60 years old and above

47
Marital Status: [ ] Single [ ] Married
Nationality: [ ] Filipino [ ] Others: ( Please Specify)
________________________
With Dependent Children (Age 18 years old and below)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
With Dependent Elderly
[ ] Yes [ ] No
With Dependent Person with disabilities (PWDs)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
English Survey
 Have you been residing in Naga City as a Permanent Resident?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
 Do you have any problems or concern regarding the transportation
system in Naga City?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
 Are you aware that the government is planning to erect a Bus Terminal
and Sea Port here in Naga City?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
 Are you in favor of this project?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
If answer is No, state your reason _______________________________
 Would you be willing to help in maintaining the establishment?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
 If the establishment is erected and job opportunities are given for the
management and maintenance, would you apply?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
If answer is No, state your reason _______________________________
 What are the possible routes that you would wish to be given priority
once the establishment is erected?
For the ship: _________________________________________

48
 For the bus: _________________________________________

CHAPTER 7

PRESENTATION OF DATA

7.1. Site Inventory

The following is a series of site attributes that paved the way for
researchers to have a systematic knowledge of the project location, site
solution optimization, and the site's utilization of advantages in response
to the clients’ needs.

Understanding of the physical attributes will assist researchers in

identifying the significant edges of the site. Once the project shall
commence, measures that are less harsh will be taken when dealing with
natural hazards and the creation of urban fabric through construction
materials.

7.1.1. Topography and Slope

A big portion of Naga City consists of a flat area in terms of

topography. About 52.79% of the total land area is below 100-200 masl
(meters above sea level). North Poblacion, the location of the project site
sits on a 0-100 masl (see figure 1). The project is erected on a reclaimed
area near North Poblacion, which is highly buildable for a port.

7.1.2. Soil

49
 Most of the city consists of the Faraon Clay soil type (steep
phase), comprising over 60.88% of the total land area (see figure 2).
Mandaue Clay Foam is the type of soil that North Poblacion possesses,
covering a total of 11.08% land area near the coasts. Other soil types
also exist in the city such as Baguio Clay Loam, Faraon Clay, Hydrosol
and Lugo Clay.

7.1.3. Minerals
There are two types of dominant minerals in the area: the Carcar
Formation - Limestone which covers an approximate amount of 23.67%
of the city’s total land area (see figure 3). This type of soil is composed of
porous coralline limestone identified with branching pinnacles, pitted
grooves and small sinkholes. The Malubog Formation - Conglomerate is
also present in 15.61% of the total land area. This type of soil has shale,
occasional beds of conglomerate, mudstone, coal and limestone as
composition.
A big possibility is that the soil used for reclamation for the project
is Mandaue Clay Foam since this is the soil type suitable for foundations.
But in the case of the project site, there is a greater tendency for the clay
to be wet, since it is near a waterway and along the coast. Hence,
additional steps should be taken in terms of the design and engineering
of the foundations and piles in order to secure the structure’s stability.

7.1.4. Climate
The climate of Naga City falls under the third type; defined and
characterized by a short dry season with a pronounced maximum rain
period. March to April are the driest months of the year while heaviest
rains occur in October due to depressions/typhoons. The start of the
easterly winds happens in November up until December. Naga City’s
shorelines are exposed to southwesterly winds from July until August
while Northeasterly winds hit Naga City on Octobers until May.

50
7.1.5. Water
The site is located at the coast of North Poblacion which is
supported by the Colon-Tangke Watershed which comprises 4.4% of the
total watershed in the city (see figure 4). Based on the site conditions,
since it is a reclaimed area, catchment areas are to be used in identifying
easement widths in no-built zones for proper management of the
drainage system and flood control.

7.1.6. Geohazards
Flood - South Poblacion, the area beside North Poblacion (where
the site is located) sits on a High Flood Area with 22.78% it's land area
while 44.60% is on Moderate Flood Area (see figure 5).
Landslide - North Poblacion together with areas located near the
coast like Colon, Tuyan, Inayagan, East and South Poblacion are
classified as Low Landslide Hazard (see figure 6).
Storm Surge - North Poblacion has a 2.45% total land area which
is classified as Medium Hazard (1.5mts high) (see figure 7).

7.1 Figure 1: Elevation Map

51
7.1 Figure 2: Soil Map

7.1 Figure 3: Mineral Map

52
7.1 Figure 4: Watershed and Drainage Map

7.1 Figure 5: Flood Map

53
 7.1 Figure 6: Landslide Map

7.1 Figure 7: Storm Surge Map

54
7.2. Population Inventory
The following are core indicators; a list of the city’s population and
demography which is needed for the outcome of the study (see figure 8 & 9).

7.2 Figure 8: Population of Naga

7.2 Figure 8: Demography and Statistics

7.3. Potential User Preferences

The following are results of gathered data by the researchers
through a series of surveys conducted at various places in Naga City.

55
 The main target of the researchers were commuters going in and out of
the city.
Data presentation was done in graphs with a brief explanation and
a total of 160 respondents for each table.

Gender Female
male

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

50
45
40
35
30 Below 18 yrs. Old
19-29 yrs. Old
25
30-59 yrs. Old
20 60 above
15
10
5
0
Female Male

Table 1: Number of respondents identified in gender

56
 Table 2: Respondents classified by their age

160
140
120
Agree
100 Disagree
80 Neither agree or disagree

60
40
20
0
Permanent resident of Naga City

57
Table 3: Respondents were asked if they are a permanent resident in Naga City
Respondents were asked if they are permanent residents of Naga City, 144
answered yes while 24 answered no.

120

100

80
Private vehicle
Commute / Public
60 Transportation
Walking
40

20

0
Modes of transportation

58
Table 4: Respondents were asked about what they use on means of
transportation
Respondents were asked if they use a private vehicle, commute or walk as a
means of transportation. 42 answered private vehicle, 114 answered public
transportation and 18 answered walking.

160
140
120
100
Agree
80
Disagree
60 Neither agree or disagree
40
20
0
People who agree and disagree to have a Land terminal

Respondents were asked if they would agree or disagree to have a terminal.

150 of them answered yes while 15 answered no.

180
160
140
120 Agree
100 Disagree
80 Neither agree or disagree
60
40
20
0
People who agree and disagree to have a Sea Port

59
 Table 6: Respondents were asked about what they use on means
of transportation

Respondents were asked if they would agree or disagree to have a Sea Port
built in Naga City. 165 of them agree while 1 disagrees.

Land Terminal possible routes

Toledo 43
Minglanilla 26
Tabunok 22
Basak 14
Oslob 55

60
 Sea Port possible routes
Bohol 18
Negros 27
Siquijor 40
Dumaguete 6
Leyte 3
Lapu-Lapu 52
Cordova 14

CHAPTER 8

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

This particular chapter reveals the application of concepts, architectural

programming and the development of the design process.

8.1. Concept Application

This showcases the researchers’ abilities on how to arrive with the

accurate concept of the building.

8.1.1. Connectivity and Accessibility

61
 The building’s accessibility should be a porous layout that allows
ease of movement. Comfortable spaces and hallways that provide
access to end users with satisfaction. Understandable and simple
approach of pathways were placed throughout the structure. A
fathomable layout that would be able to cater effective circulation for the
building. Hallways should be optically layered and stratified. Additionally,
providing additional calming measures into aesthetics in order to
minimize the impression of traffic within the structure.

1. Access was provided for PWD

PWD cubicle in the

RAMPS comfort room PWD signages

2. Ease of access in related spaces

Freely accessible Space relationship

areas Organized spaces planning

62
 3. Clear pathways for the users

Clear pathways Narrow hallways Creative walkways

8.1.2. Maintenance and utilities

Planning of maintenance and utilities to the structure that cites a

healthy journey and work experience for the users by appropriate utility
service can be attained by imposing a high quality of corrective and
precautionary maintenance.

1. Sufficient water and energy supply

63
 Profusion of water Affluence of energy Energy Conservation

2. Proper Ventilation

Use of natural baffles Passive Cooling Narrow windows

3. Does not obstruct with the design flow

Electrical room and Proper placement of

Proper lighting
maintenance room water tank

8.1.3. Parking

64
 The structure must have the location of the parking spaces close
by. The parking system that would be able to contain the buses as well
as for the end users’ vehicles is planned. Lastly, a parking system must
be user-friendly and easily accessed.

1. Easily accessed by users

Sufficient parking Narrow and free

PWD friendly
spaces for buses path to parking
parking spaces
and users spaces

8.1.4. Social Interaction and Space Orientation

This is to assimilate working and traveling spaces for the effective

quality of architectural design. It is also to assure the security and comfort
of the end users as soon as they step inside the structure. Lastly, the
structure must provide utmost satisfaction for end users especially those
who would accommodate the shuttles and buses. Commercial spaces
have a designated area for end users’ interaction and leisure.

1. Innovative interior design

Decorated walls Playful ceiling Green Spaces

65
 2. Proper space orientation

Commercial Spaces Waiting area Boarding area

8.1.5. Color Psychology

The right application of color scheme to the building design varies

not only for visual presentation but also to give comfort and delight to end
users. It should also be worth remembering especially to those newly
accommodated by the structures’ services.

1. Harmonious and balanced combination of colors

Neutral colors that Relaxing colors in Appealing colors for a

would balance the commercial spaces fast-paced
mixed-use structure and waiting areas environment

8.1.6. Building Character

The building character design must portray the existing

surrounding of the site. Hence, the concept of Naga City Boardwalk

66
(Phase 1) should be involved in the design of the structure. It should also
provide the perception of the overall experience in the city through
various spaces and shapes to showcase the delights and highlights of
Naga City within the structure.

1. Usage of shapes that would signify a dignified and composed

building character.

Modern with a shade

Use of straight and Use of basic forms of history architectural
curved lines and shapes design

8.1.7. Land Use

In order to minimize the hazardous effects of the structure and its

components to the existing surrounding environment, a variety of uses in
the reclaimed area should be incorporated. There shall be an efficient
balance of the natural and man-made elements for accurate space
utilization while putting into consideration the various performance
objectives.

1. Prioritizing balance between natural and man-made elements

Harmony with Natural setting

Hierarchy of spaces topography preservation

67
8.1.8. Community-Driven Design

The planning and design should produce a remarkable and

pleasing environment by serving users at the same time. This is in order
to transmit a strong identity in the heart of the city to the daily users.
Promoting the local culture of Naga City within the location should boost
Naga City in terms of investments and exposure.

1. Economy Booster

Provide new faster Would attract Showcase the rich

routes for the locality investors in Naga City culture of Naga City

8.1.9. Safety and Security

This concept would assure user security and safety with the
structure. To establish and authorize safety measures that would serve
as a safeguard for end users from both interior and exterior hazards for a
smooth, peaceful and healthy travel and working environment.

68
 1. Security should be impenetrable from inside and outside threats

Perimeter wall in
CCTV Equipment Security Personnel
installed

2. Provision of fire security measures

Fire Prevention Sprinklers and Fire

Fire Exits
Equipment Alarms

3. Considering the safety and well-being of the users as a top

priority

Maintenance Railings Non-slip floor

69
8.1.10. Sustainability

This concept aims to consolidate a building design that would

restrain harm to both the users and the surrounding natural environment.
Incorporating renewable resources would lend a hand in preserving and
protecting the natural environment.

1. Installation of renewable resources

Rainwater Catchment Solar Panels Wind and Sun baffles

8.1.11. Socio-Economic Edge

The appeal of a mixed-use transportation hub to the socio-

economic edge of the locality is that it would contribute to higher retail
and lease sales. It would also give a new variety of routes for traveling
users looking for a shorter trip to their destination.

1. Easy access to neighboring municipalities and islands

New variety of routes Commercial Spaces Souvenir shops

2. Organized road network within the structure

70
 Direct access to main Organized parking
Lit up street system
road system

8.2 Programming Matrix

The programming matrix shows the design process in which the
researchers identify the goals, facts, needs, and the problem of the study.
Goals Facts Needs Problems
- A total lot
To design a
area of 31, 196
building that
sq.m.
will cater to the
- Offices, - A design that - Traffic flow
needs of the
Retails, and would improve - Proper
Functions users and
rentable the progress of segregation of
would be able
spaces for both work. spaces
to balance
seaport and
traveling and
land terminal
working spaces
spaces
- Address the
environmental
and economic
problems of the
The location of area
To complement the site is a - To reduce
- Flooding
the form of the reclaimed area impervious
Form where the site
building to its fronting the elements.
is located
function coast of Brgy. - To formulate
Colon a design that is
in harmony
with the
topography of
the area.
Economy To improve its It offers a - Retails and -Security of the

71
 economy
quality of
through the rentable
working
said project spaces.
environment area.
since Naga is a - Ticketing
and income-
fast-growing booth
generating.
economy city.
- A design that
To establish a would
mixed-use showcase the - A finite
Unrestricted
Time building that community’s availability of
time
would be culture and the resources
sustainable. advancement
of technology

8.3 Spatial Identification and Organization

8.3.1 Space Identification for Seaport and Land Terminal
 Ground floor:
A. Concourse
B. Entrance
C. Lounge Area
D. Restrooms
E. Ticket Booth
F. Ferry Dock
G. Bus station
H. Mechanical Area
I. Food court
J. Retail shops
K. Patrol Area

 Mezzanine:
A. Admin Office
B. Conference room
C. Staffroom
D. Lounge Area

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8.3.2 Bubble Diagram

Ground Floor

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Mezzanine

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CHAPTER 9
DESIGN SOLUTION

9.1. ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT

One major reason why complex developments were approved and
implemented is to combine various aspects of an individual or a locality’s need
in one setting. It became apprehensible for people to access and acquire
different wants easily. Through this incorporation, creation of new and innovative
environments are the outcome. Complex developments open a new perspective
of how buildings with different uses can intertwine in harmony.

INTERACTION
Two main reasons why we are at this point of our lives is TIME and
KNOWLEDGE.
Time Is still way beyond our understanding. It never stops, it is always there. We
may not have visuals but we are aware that it exists.
Knowledge, on the other hand, came from us.
Peoples outcome of interaction.
This has paved a way for us keep up with time in an endless journey to
wherever or whatever they are headed.
Unknown.

A transportation system consisting of a bus terminal and a seaport is a

product and producer of interaction which gave the researchers hint on how to
approach the design study. Both building structures should cater and provide
service to their respective customers with ease of access through circulation
inside the complex. We also showcased the concept of the Naga Boardwalk, the
Phase 1 of Naga City’s Reclamation project which sits beside the site.
The concept INTERACTION is strengthened further for the two main
structures serve as people sharing thoughts and interacting metaphorically. The
transition that separates both structures would be the focal point of the design
and is the result of transparent interaction.

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9.2. STRUCTURAL CONCEPT
The framework is composed of steel columns, beams and steel deck for
slab. This enables lighter construction and less labor. Reduction of column
quantity which gives wider span in between. Construction with steel also offers
improved structural capacity compared to reinforced concrete.

9.3. PLUMBING CONCEPT

Utilization of rainwater catchment system with filtration system would
save the building from cost from water consumption. Water tanks are installed
on the top most part of the building, along the roof line to provide equal
distribution of water in the structure.

9.4. ELECTRICAL CONCEPT

Solar panels or photovoltaics (PV) are installed on the roof of the
structures of the building to cut cost from electricity consumption considering
that the site is 30,000 sq. mts.

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