ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–1

ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM)

BR 03

(WABCO MAKE) BR03-001

ABS ...........................................................BR03-2
OVERVIEW ..................................................... BR03-2
COMPOSITION AND OPERATION................. BR03-3
FUNCTION ...................................................... BR03-6
OVERVIEW AND FUNCTION ......................... BR03-7

FRONT WHEEL BRAKE.........................BR03-12

COMPONENT LOCATOR ............................. BR03-12
OVERHAUL ................................................... BR03-13
INSPECTION ................................................. BR03-14

REAR WHEEL BRAKE...........................BR03-16

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COMPONENT LOCATOR ............................. BR03-16
OVERHAUL ................................................... BR03-17
INSPECTION ................................................. BR03-18
BR03–2 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

ABS
OVERVIEW
EN06Z0803C100001

ABS is a system that makes effective use of the friction between the
tires and the road surface to maintain vehicle stability while the brakes
are being applied and for stopping the vehicle.
Applying the brakes forcefully on a slippery road surface can cause the
wheels to be locked, due to excessive braking force. This causes the
vehicle to lose a stability because the locked wheels lose resistance in
the lateral direction. More specifically, if the front wheels are locked, it
becomes impossible to steer the vehicle, and if the rear wheels are
locked, the rear of the vehicle may fishtail from side to side.
Also, when wheel-locking occurs, it is not possible to make effective
use of friction between the tires and the road surface. This may cause
the braking distance to be increased.
ABS uses wheel sensors mounted on the axles to constantly monitor
the rotation of the wheels. If any of the wheels is starting to lock up, the
ABS ECU sends signals to the ABS control valve and immediately
adjusts the brake pressure to prevent wheel-locking.
In this way, ABS maintains the stability of the vehicle while stopping by
making effective use of the friction between the tires and the road sur-
face.

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(REPRESENTATIVE MODEL)
REAR RELAY VALVE
FRONT RELAY VALVE
ABS CONTROL VALVE

BRAKE VALVE
ABS WARNING LIGHT

BRAKE CHAMBER

BRAKE CHAMBER
AIR TANK

ABS CONTROL VALVE

BRAKE CHAMBER

SENSOR RING
WHEEL SENSOR
ABS ECU : AIR PIPING
: ELECTRICAL WIRING
SHTS06Z080300001
 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–3

COMPOSITION AND OPERATION

EN06Z0803C100002

The ABS system is comprised of the sensor rings mounted on the

wheels, the ABS ECU, which receives signals from the wheel sensors
that monitor the rotational speed of the wheels and outputs control sig-
nals to maintain the appropriate braking force; ABS control valves,
which increase or decrease the braking force, based on the control sig-
nals; the warning light, which gives an alarm if the system malfunctions;
the piping, wire harnesses, etc., that link together the various units that
compose the system.
Pulse signals transmitted by the sensor rings mounted on the wheel
hubs, rotated together with the wheels, and the wheel sensors mounted
near sensor ring on the axles are sent to the ABS ECU. The ABS ECU
then calculates the wheels' rotational speed, acceleration, deceleration,
and amount of slippage, based on these signals.
If the limit values for the wheel's deceleration, or slippage ratio are
exceeded, the ABS ECU immediately transmits signals to the ABS con-
trol valves to adjust any excess braking force.
This ABS system controls the four wheels, front, rear, right, and left,
independently.

SYSTEM COMPOSITION DIAGRAM

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SHTS06Z080300002

1 Brake valve 5 ABS ECU

2 Brake chamber 6 Wheel sensor
3 Relay valve 7 ABS warning light
4 ABS control valve A From air tank
BR03–4 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

ABS CONTROL FLOWCHART

INPUT SIGNAL ABS ECU OUTPUT SIGNAL

Front left wheel sensor

Front right wheel sensor ABS control valve for

front left wheel

Rear left wheel sensor

ABS control function ABS control valve for
front right wheel

(ABS control valve control

Rear right wheel sensor function)
ABS control valve for

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rear left wheel

ABS control valve for

rear right wheel

Sub brake cut relay

Sub brake control

function
Malfunction code
(diagnostic code)
Malfunction diagnostic
function

Switches off ABS to allow

normal brake operation

Fail-safe function
(safety function)
ABS warning light

SHTS06Z080300003
 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–5

BASIC PRINCIPLE
Based on its relationship with the slip ratio, which is determined from
the wheels' rotational speed and the vehicle's speed, ABS controls the
brake force so that it will be most effective.
When the driver applies the brakes, the rotation of the wheels is con-
trolled and the vehicle speed drops. However, the momentum of the
vehicle attempts to push it forward further even though the rotation of
the wheels is being braked. At this point, slipping will occur if there is a
gap between the wheels' rotational speed and the vehicle's speed. The
slip ratio is a value that indicates the rate of slippage.

Vehicle's speed - Wheel's rotational speed

Slip ratio = 100 %
Vehicle's speed

Slip ratio 0 %: No slipping between the wheels and the

road surface
100 %: Wheels locked
The graph shown at left shows the relationship between the friction
coefficient of the tires and of the road surface and the slip ratio.
In an ABS-equipped vehicle, the brake force is controlled to ensure that
it is within the range where the friction coefficient is high (shaded por-
tion of the graph) without locking the wheels. This ensures efficient
braking performance.

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SHTS06Z080300005

OPERATION
The ABS control characteristics line graph at left illustrates how the
vehicle's speed, the wheels' rotational speed, the wheel acceleration/
deceleration, and the air pressure at the ABS control valve outlet
change over time after the brakes are applied.
When the brakes are applied, the vehicle's speed and the wheels' rota-
tional speed drop and at the same time, the wheel acceleration/decel-
eration speed also drops. At point T1, a gap begins to open between
the wheels' rotational speed and the vehicle's speed. Passing on point
T2, the ABS ECU detects that the wheels are beginning to lock and is
lowering the outlet air pressure of the ABS control valve to prevent
wheel locking from occurring.
At point T3, the wheel acceleration/deceleration speed is starting to
return to normal one, and the ABS ECU stops lowering the air pressure
at the ABS control valve outlet and maintains it at a constant level.
At point T5, the wheels' rotational speed and the vehicle's speed are
about the same. The ABS ECU detects that the wheels are no longer
likely to be locked and increases the air pressure at the ABS control
valve outlet.
The above processes is repeated over and over until the vehicle comes
to a complete stop.

SHTS06Z080300006
BR03–6 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

FUNCTION
EN06Z0803C100003

FAIL-SAFE FUNCTION
This ABS system is equipped with a fail-safe function that causes the
ABS warning light on the instrument panel to light and to restore the
normal (non-ABS) brake system, should an ABS malfunction occur.
Note that the ABS system consists of two independent circuits. Should
a malfunction occur for whatever reason in the electrical circuits, that
system's ABS is switched off and the normal brake system is restored
while ABS control continued for the other system. This configuration is
designed to minimize the effects of any malfunction on ABS function.

SUB BRAKE CONTROL FUNCTION

The ABS system of this vehicle is equipped with a function that controls
the sub brake while ABS is operating.
If the sub brake is applied independently or together with the service
brake on a road surface with very low friction coefficient, the driving
wheels may lock. This ABS system prevents the driven wheels from
locking in such cases by automatically releasing the sub brake, if nec-
essary, during ABS operation.

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CLUTCH ACCELERATOR SUB BRAKE
PEDAL PEDAL SWITCH
SWITCH SWITCH SUB BRAKE
CONTROL SIGNAL
+ 24V

+ 24V

SUB BRAKE
ABS ECU
CUT RELAY

SHTS06Z080300007
 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–7

OVERVIEW AND FUNCTION

EN06Z0803C100004

1. ABS ECU
Based on pulse signals from the wheel sensors, the ABS ECU
mounted in the vehicle calculates and evaluates the slip ratio and the
acceleration/deceleration speed of the wheels. Based on the results, it
sends signals to the various control valves as necessary, causing them
to operate and apply the brakes to maintain the slippage of the wheels
within the optimal range.
During braking, the air pressure applied to the brake chambers is regu-
lated to prevent the wheels from locking. The brakes are applied so as
to maintain the slippage of the wheels within the optimal range.
Regardless of whether the vehicle is stopped or being driven, and
whether or not the brakes are being applied, the circuit consisting of the
wheel sensors, control valves, ABS ECU, and wire harnesses are con-
stantly being checked by the ABS ECU's fail-safe circuit. If some sort of
malfunction occurs, the fail-safe circuit warns the driver by lighting the
ABS warning light. At the same time, the ABS system that is experienc-
ing the malfunction is shut off and braking is restored to normal (non-
ABS) operation.

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SHTS06Z080300008

2. ABS CONTROL VALVES

(1) Overview
• The ABS control valves are positioned in the brake air circuit
between the relay valves and brake chambers. Based on signals
from the ABS ECU, they adjust the air pressure sent to the brake
chambers in one of three modes: pressure increase, pressure
reduction, or pressure maintenance.

SHTS06Z080300009
BR03–8 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

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SHTS06Z080300010
(2) Operation
PRESSURE INCREASE a. PRESSURE INCREASE MODE
• When the driver steps on the brake pedal, air from the relay valve
14 5 enters through inlet port (6), pushes open diaphragm (5), passes
through outlet port (9), and flows into the brake chamber. At this
VALVE OPERATING STATUS

10 point, solenoid coil (1) is not energized, so solenoid valve (3) is

6 closed and pilot chamber (14) is open to the atmosphere. Also,
3 9 solenoid coil (2) is also not energized, so solenoid valve (4) is
closed. As a result, air passes through pilot hole (10) and enters
13 pilot chamber (12). It then pushes up diaphragm (11) and closes
exhaust valve (13).
1
2
4 12 11

Solenoid valve for driving inlet

OFF
STATUS

valve 3

Solenoid valve for driving

OFF
exhaust valve 4
PRESSURE

Brake chamber
pressure

0 TIME

SHTS06Z080300011
 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–9

b. PRESSURE REDUCTION MODE

PRESSURE REDUCTION • When solenoid coil (1) is energized, solenoid valve (3) opens and
air also flows into pilot chamber (14). It pushes down on dia-
14 5 phragm (5), shutting off chambers (7) and (8). At the same time,
solenoid coil (2) is also energized. This causes solenoid valve (4)
VALVE OPERATING STATUS

to open and the operating air from pilot chamber (12) passes
7
3 9 through exhaust port (15) and is released into the atmosphere.
8 Consequently, the air from the outlet port (9) side (brake cham-
ber) pushes down on diaphragm (11) and air is released into the
atmosphere. This causes the air pressure of the brake chamber to
1 decrease.

2
12
4 15 11

Solenoid valve for driving inlet

ON
STATUS

valve 3

Solenoid valve for driving

ON
exhaust valve 4
PRESSURE

Brake chamber

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pressure

0 TIME

SHTS06Z080300012

c. PRESSURE MAINTENANCE MODE

PRESSURE MAINTENANCE • When solenoid coil (1) is energized, solenoid valve (3) opens and
air flows through chamber (7) and acts on pilot chamber (14). On
14 5 the other hand, since solenoid coil (2) is not energized, solenoid
valve (4) is closed and air flows through pilot hole (10) and acts on
VALVE OPERATING STATUS

10 pilot chamber (12). This causes diaphragms (5) and (11) to shut
7 off their air passages, and the chamber (8) pressure, that is to say
3 8 the air acting on the brake chamber, is maintained at the pressure
that was current when the switch from the pressure reduction
mode to the pressure maintenance mode took place.

2
11
12
4

Solenoid valve for driving inlet

ON
STATUS

valve 3

Solenoid valve for driving

OFF
exhaust valve 4
PRESSURE

Brake chamber
pressure

0 TIME

SHTS06Z080300013
BR03–10 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

3. WHEEL SENSORS
These sensors are mounted, facing the sensor rings on each wheel on
the front and rear axles.
The wheel sensors are electromagnet sensors consisting of a perma-
nent magnet core with a coil of wire wrapped around it.
The frequency of the pulse signals generated by magnetic inductance
between the sensors and the sensor rings they face is proportional to
the rotational speed of the wheels. These pulse signals are sent to the
ABS ECU and are used to determine the wheels, rotational status.

SHTS06Z080300014

PERMANENT
MAGNET
CORE
SENSOR RING

CLAMPING
WHEEL HUB BUSHING

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SHTS06Z080300015

4. SENSOR RINGS
The sensor rings are press-fitted into the insides of the wheel hubs of
each wheel on the front and rear axles, and they face the wheel sen-
sors described in the preceding section. The sensor rings are made of
a magnetic material, and teeth are cut into the surface which faces the
wheel sensor at regular intervals. Also, when the sensor ring performs
one complete rotation, the sensor generates pulse signals correspond-
ing to the number of teeth.

SHTS06Z080300016

5. CLAMPING BUSHINGS
The wheel sensors are held in place through friction by clamping bush-
ings that are inserted into the mounting brackets. If they are assembled
properly, the clamping bushings serve to eliminate the need to adjust
the clearance between the wheel sensors and sensor rings.

SHTS06Z080300017
 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–11

6. WHEEL SENSOR HARNESSES

Each wheel sensor wire harness employs a two-conductor twisted wire
cable. Its function is to protect the wheel sensor signals, which are vital
to the proper operation of the ABS system, from electromagnetic inter-
ference. Under no circumstances should any part of the wheel sensor
wire harnesses be cut or connected to any other wire.

SHTS06Z080300018

7. ABS WARNING LIGHT

The status of the ABS system is indicated.
It lights when the starter switch is turned "ON" and automatically goes
off when the system functions correctly.
If malfunction occurs in the ABS system while the vehicle is being

ABS driven, the light goes on to alert the driver.

However, when a defects code is eliminated after repairing it and the
starter switch is turned "ON", the light will remain lit until the vehicle
speed reaches 7-10 km/h {11.2 - 16 mile/h}.
Then, note that even when the warning light is lit, the ABS system,

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unaffected by the malfunction, continues to operate. Also, the brake
whose ABS system experiences the malfunction is reverted to normal
SHTS06Z080300019 braking operation without ABS.
When a diagnosis switch is turned "ON", this light will goes on and off,
which indicates defect code.

8. SUB BRAKE CUT RELAY

When this relay is energized during ABS operation, the relay contact
opens, the current to the solenoid valve for the sub brake is shut down,
and the sub brake is released.
BR03–12 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

FRONT WHEEL BRAKE

COMPONENT LOCATOR
EN06Z0803D100001

FRONT AXLE

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SHTS06Z080300020

1 Knuckle 12 Cam shaft

2 Oil seal guide 13 Sensor ring
3 O-ring 14 Wheel hub
4 Oil seal 15 Brake drum
5 Brake drum cover 16 Outer wheel hub bearing
6 Brake spider 17 Washer
7 Wheel sensor 18 Wheel hub bearing lock nut
8 Clamping bushing 19 Lock plate
9 Brake shoe 20 Gasket
10 Inner wheel hub bearing 21 Wheel nut
11 Hub bolt 22 Wheel hub cap
 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–13

OVERHAUL
EN06Z0803H200001

IMPORTANT POINTS - DISASSEMBLY

1. REMOVE THE WHEEL SENSOR.

(1) Remove the brake drum cover.
(2) Pull off the wheel sensor.
NOTICE
Exposing the wheel sensor to strong bumps could cause interior
damage. Never hit the wheel sensor with a hammer or bang it into
other parts.

SHTS06Z080300021

2. REMOVE THE WHEEL HUB, WHEEL HUB BEARINGS AND

BRAKE DRUM.
(1) Refer to chapter FRONT AXLE.

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SHTS06Z080300022

SHTS06Z080300023

3. REMOVE THE SENSOR RING.

(1) Use a screwdriver or the like to gradually remove the sensor ring
by tapping evenly on its outer ring.
NOTICE
• When tapping on the sensor ring to remove it, be careful not
to scratch the wheel hub.
• Do not remove the sensor ring unless it is required.
• Do not reuse the removed sensor ring, be sure to replace it
with new one.

SHTS06Z080300024
BR03–14 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

INSPECTION
EN06Z0803H300001

1. INSPECTION OF ONLY WHEEL SENSOR

(1) With a tester, measure the resistance of wheel sensor.
Standard: 1.0-1.3 kΩ
(2) When the measured value is out of the basic standard, change
the wheel sensor as it might be considered presumably to be
abnormal.

SHTS06Z080300025

2. INSPECTION OF THE SENSOR RING.

(1) Make a visual inspection to check for damage or deformation of
the sensor ring, and also to make sure it is not coming loose from
the wheel hub.
(2) If any damage or malformation is discovered, replace the sensor
ring.
(3) If the sensor ring is coming loose from the wheel hub, use a dolly

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block and press in it with a press again.

SHTS06Z080300026

3. INSPECTION OF THE CLAMPING BUSHING.

(1) Make sure that wheel sensor is securely fixed.
(2) Change the clamping bushing when it can be pulled off or pushed
in with a lightly force.

SHTS06Z080300027

4. MOUNTING THE SENSOR RING

(1) Place the sensor ring on the wheel hub and use the dolly block
and a press to evenly pressure mount it.
NOTICE
Warming up the sensor ring with hot water will make it easier to
pressure mount it. Do not use a gas burner or the like to warm the
sensor ring. Doing so could cause malformation of the sensor
ring.
(2) After pressure mounting it, check for flutter of the sensor ring in
the axle direction.
Assembly standard: 0.2 mm {0.0078 in.} or less
SHTS06Z080300028

5. MOUNTING THE WHEEL HUB AND BRAKE DRUM

(1) Refer to chapter FRONT AXLE.
NOTICE
If the wheel sensors are mounted, hammering on the wheel hubs
and the like on that axle could cause internal damage to the wheel
sensors. Either mount the tire and then tap on the tire or tap on
the wheel hub after removing the right and left wheel sensors.
 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–15

6. MOUNTING THE WHEEL SENSOR

(1) Apply a light coating of chassis grease to the inner surface of the
knuckle wheel sensor boss. Then push in the clamping bushing
until the stopper makes contact with the knuckle's wheel sensor
holder.

SHTS06Z080300029

(2) Apply a light coating of chassis grease to the hub of the wheel
sensor. Then push it forcefully into the clamping bushing until you
feel that the wheel sensor has made contact with the sensor ring.
NOTICE
When inserting the wheel sensor, do not tap on it with a hammer
or attempt to pry it into place with a screwdriver, or the like. Doing
so could damage the wheel sensor.
(3) Slowly turn the wheel hub and brake drum and confirm that they
move smoothly.
(4) Mount the drum dust cover.

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SHTS06Z080300030

7. INSPECT THE WHEEL SENSOR

SENSOR RING
(1) Arrange the wire harness.
(2) With a circuit tester, confirm the output voltage of the wheel sen-
sor (By rotating the tire by one time for 5 seconds)
Standard: 150-1,999 mV
(Range of Alternating Current Voltage)

(3) In case of out of the standard range at (2), push the wheel sensor
PUSH
softly by fingers until the sensor contacts with the sensor ring,
then inspect again from (1).
WHEEL SENSOR
SHTS06Z080300031
BR03–16 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

REAR WHEEL BRAKE

COMPONENT LOCATOR
EN06Z0803D100002

REAR AXLE

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SHTS06Z080300032

1 Wheel sensor 12 Hub bolt

2 Clamping bushing 13 Inner wheel hub bearing
3 Wheel sensor holder 14 Sensor ring
4 Axle shaft 15 Wheel hub
5 Oil seal collar 16 Brake drum
6 Axle housing assembly 17 Wheel nut
7 Oil seal 18 Outer wheel hub bearing
8 Brake drum cover 19 Washer
9 Brake spider 20 Lock nut
10 Cam shaft 21 Lock plate
11 Brake shoe
 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–17

OVERHAUL
EN06Z0803H200002

1. REMOVE THE WHEEL HUB, WHEEL HUB BEARINGS AND

BRAKE DRUM.
(1) Refer to chapter REAR AXLE.

SHTS06Z080300033

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SHTS06Z080300034

2. REMOVING THE SENSOR RING

(1) Use a screwdriver or the like to gradually remove the sensor ring
by tapping evenly on its outer ring.
NOTICE
• When tapping on the sensor ring to remove it, be careful not
to scratch the wheel hub.
• Do not remove the sensor ring unless it is required.
• Do not reuse the removed sensor ring, be sure to replace it
with new one.

SHTS06Z080300035

3. REMOVING THE WHEEL SENSOR

NOTICE
• Exposing the wheel sensor to strong bumps could cause
interior damage. Never hit the wheel sensor with a hammer
or bang it into other parts.
• Pull out the wheel sensor from the sensor holder by hand.

SHTS06Z080300036
BR03–18 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

4. REMOVING THE CLAMPING BUSHING.

(1) Remove the clamping bushing out of the wheel sensor holder.

SHTS06Z080300037

INSPECTION
EN06Z0803H300002

1. INSPECTION OF ONLY WHEEL SENSOR

(1) With a tester, measure the resistance of wheel sensor.
Standard: 1.0-1.3 kΩ
(2) When the measured value is out of the basic standard, change
the wheel sensor as it might be considered presumably to be
abnormal.

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SHTS06Z080300038

2. INSPECTION OF THE SENSOR RING.

(1) Make a visual inspection to check for damage or deformation of
the sensor ring, and also to make sure it is not coming loose from
the wheel hub.
(2) If any damage or malformation is discovered, replace the sensor
ring.
(3) If the sensor ring is coming loose from the wheel hub, use a dolly
block and a press to pressure mount it again.

SHTS06Z080300039

3. INSPECTION OF THE CLAMPING BUSHING.

(1) Make sure that the wheel sensor is securely fixed.
(2) Change the clamping bushing when it can be pulled off or pushed
in with a lightly force.

SHTS06Z080300040
 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE) BR03–19

4. MOUNTING THE WHEEL SENSOR

(1) Apply a lightly coating of chassis grease to the inner surface of
the wheel sensor holder. Then push in the clamping bushing until
the stopper makes contact with the wheel sensor holder.

SHTS06Z080300041

(2) Push the wheel sensor fully in the wheel sensor holder with hands
until the wheel sensor makes contact with the clamping bushing.
NOTICE
When inserting the wheel sensor, do not tap on it with a hammer
or attempt to pry it into place using a screwdriver, or the like.
Doing so could damage the wheel sensor.
(3) Arrange the wire harness.

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SHTS06Z080300042

5. MOUNTING THE SENSOR RING

(1) Place the sensor ring on the wheel hub and use the dolly block
and a press to evenly pressure mount it.
NOTICE
Warming up the sensor ring with hot water will make it easier to
pressure mount it. Do not use a gas burner or the like to warm the
sensor ring. Doing so could cause malformation of the sensor
ring.
(2) After pressure mounting it, check for flutter of the sensor ring in
the axle direction.
Assembly standard: 0.2 mm {0.0078 in.} or less
SHTS06Z080300043

6. MOUNTING THE WHEEL HUB AND BRAKE DRUM

(1) Refer to chapter REAR AXLE.
NOTICE
• Be careful not to push back the wheel sensor too far when
mounting the wheel hub and brake drum. Also, make sure
they are straight so that you do not bump the tip of the wheel
sensor.
• When inserting the outer hub bearing, avoid tapping on it
with a hammer as this will expose the wheel sensor to
bumps. Insert the outer hub bearing carefully with a lock nut.

7. INSPECT THE WHEEL SENSOR.

(1) Arrange the wire harness.
(2) With a circuit tester, confirm the output voltage of the wheel sen-
PUSH sor (By rotating the tire by one time for 5 seconds)
Standard: 150-1,999 mV
(Range of Alternating Current Voltage)
(3) In case of out of the standard range at (2), remove the dust cover
located on the back plate unit, and the wheel sensor softly by
WHEEL SENSOR using round end bar until the sensor contacts with the sensor ring.
Then inspect again from (1).
SENSOR RING
NOTICE
SHTS06Z080300044
Do not tap by hammer or turn when pushing the wheel sensor.
This may damage the wheel sensor.
BR03–20 ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) (WABCO MAKE)

(4) Mount the axle shaft to the wheel hub and tighten the bolt on the
axle shaft.
Refer to chapter REAR AXLE.

8. ABS WIRE HARNESSES

(1) Front axle ABS wire harnesses
• The front axle chassis harnesses, particularly the ones that pass
over the front axle and extend as far as the wheel sensors, must
absorb the movement when the wheels are turned and when the
springs move. It is therefore necessary to always maintain an opti-
mal spacing between the clips.
In addition, if there is a large amount of variation in the spacing
between the clips, the wheel sensor harnesses can come into
contact with tire chains and sustain damage.
The wire harness for the front axle wheel sensor extends directly
from the clip on top of the king pin cover to the frame. In particular,
make sure that the distance between the clip on top of the king pin
cover and the clip on the frame side is as indicated in the diagram
below. There are markings on the wheel sensors in cases where
the wheel sensor harness clips are in locations where the relative
movement is particularly great. These places should be inspected
regularly to ensure that the clip positions are still meeting with the
same marking.

(2) Rear axle chassis harness

SHTS06Z080300045
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• The rear axle chassis harnesses is arranged so that the left and
right wheel sensor harnesses are near each other. Therefore,
special care should be taken not to make incorrect connections if
the harnesses have been removed for inspection or repairs.
If incorrect connections are made, it will interfere with the function-
ing of the ABS system. For this reason, caution plates indicating
"LEFT" and "RIGHT" are affixed to the harnesses. Be sure to
check when connecting the harnesses. (The left harness is on the
left side of the vehicle when viewed from the behind and facing
toward the front, and the right harness is on the right side of the
vehicle.)
The wheel sensor harnesses are arranged along the top of the
rear axle housing. Therefore, make sure to allow sufficient har-
ness length between the chassis and the rear axle so that the har-
nesses can absorb the up-and-down motion of the rear axle.