Standard Practice - Marine Deck (1992)

ON COMMlTTEE July, 1992
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Standard Practice for the

Selection and Application of
Marine Deck Coverings
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

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WARFARE CENTER
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STANDARD PRACTICE
FOR THE
SELECTION AND APPLICATION

OF
MARINE DECK COVERINGS
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF

THE NATIONAL SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH PROGRAM
IN COOPERATION-WITH
THE UNITED STATES MARITIME ADMINISTRATION
THE UNITED STATES NAVY
THE UNITED STATES SHIPYARDS
AUTHORED BY
JOSEPH F. O’DONNELL
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT (RETIRED)
SELBY, BATTERSBY & CO., INC.
J U L Y 1 9 9 2
Introduction
STANDARD PRACTICE FOR THE SELECTION AND APPLICATION
OF MARINE DECK COVERINGS
INDEX
GENERAL INFORMATION
Page
INTRODUCTION
Preface
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Use of this Publication
MARINE COST COEFFICIENT CHART AND DECK COVERING SELECTOR
Effective Use of Chart and Selector 11.

Cost Coefficient Chart and Product Selector 12
SPECIFICATIONS
Use of the Deck/Spec Specifications 36

Deck/Spec Format 37
MARINE BODIES OF INFLUENCE
Introduction
American Bureau of Shipping
International Maritime Organization
Maritime Administration
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers
Shipbuilders Council of America
United States Coast Guard
United States Navy
United States Department of Health and Human Services
DECK PREPARATION
1. General Information
2. Tools used in Deck Preparation
3. Cleaning the Deck Surface
4. Primer Protective Coatings
5. Removal of Existing Deck Covering for Rehabilitation Work
6. Other Deck Preparation Procedures
7. Safety Procedures
-l-
Page
PRIMARY DECKING, INSULATION AND SPECIALTY SYSTEMS
UNDERLAYMENT MATERIALS
Latex Mastic, Type I - Lightweight System

Latex Mastic, Type II
Magnesium Oxychloride Cement (Magnesite)
Polymeric Resin Underlayment
INSULATION DECKING
Deck Top Insulation Type I 88

Deck Top Insulation Type II 92
DECKING FOR AMMUNITION HOLDS
Ammunition Magnesite 96
Latex Concrete 100
BONDING AGENT
Bonding Agents for Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Systems 104
FLOATING DECK SYSTEMS. . . .FOR SOUND DEADENING
Metal Clad System

Marine Floor Panel and Spine System
FINISHED DECKING - RESIN TYPES
SOLID COLOR MONOLITHIC SYSTEMS
Latex Mastic and Neoprene Deck Covering 117

Two Component Resin System 122
Magnesium Oxychloride Cement (Magnesite) 126
DECORATIVE SYSTEMS
Polymeric Decorative Quartz Decking - Epoxy Broadcast Type 131

Polymeric Decorative Quartz Decking - Epoxy Trowel Type 135
Polymeric Decorative Flake Decking - Epoxy Type 139
Polymeric Decorative Terrazzo Decking -Epoxy with Marble Chips 144
Polymeric Decorative Flake Decking - Elastomeric Urethane Type 148
Polymeric Resin, One Step Decking - Epoxy with Marble Chips 153
-2-
Page
TERRAZZO DECKING. . . . MACHINE GROUND SYSTEMS
Latex Mastic and Resin Emulsion - Ground Terrazzo Decking 157

Catalyst Cured Resin - Ground Terrazzo Decking 162
WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM
Neoprene System, with Reinforcement 167
WEATHERDECK SYSTEMS
Neoprene Resin Decking 170

Elastomeric Urethane Decking 174
WEIGHT CRITICAL DECKING SYSTEMS
Polymeric - Epoxy Resin with Colored Flakes 178

Polymeric - Elastomeric Urethane Resin with Colored Flakes 182
RECREATIONAL AND EXERCISE -DECKING SYSTEMS
Neoprene Resin Decking 186
NON-SKID DECKING
General Purpose, Non-Landing Area, High Durability 190

General Purpose, Non-Landing Area, Standard Durability 195
Landing Area, High Durability 200
Landing Area, Standard Durability 205
Type III General Purpose, Non-Landing Area 210
Type IV Landing Area 215
Type I Spray Applied, Lightweight, Non-Landing Area 220
REEFER BOX SYSTEM
Latex Mastic Deck Covering 225
FINISHED DECKING - HARD SURFACE TYPES
VITREOUS TILE DECKING
Ceramic Tile 230

Quarry Tile 234
Page
FINISHED DECKING - RESILIENT MATERIALS
RESILIENT DECKING
Vinyl Composition Tile 238

Homogeneous Vinyl Tile 243.
Vinyl Sheet Decking 247
Rubber Tile 251
HIGH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH MATTING - FOR ELECTRONIC SPACES
Rubber Sheet Decking - Type I 255

Vinyl Sheet Decking - Type I 259
Portable Mats, Types II and III 263
ACID AND OIL RESISTANT DECKING
Synthetic Rubber and/or Elastomeric Urethane Decking 268
FINISHED DECKING - CARPET
CARPET
Wool, Velvet, woven through the back

Class 1, 2 and 4 273
Nylon, Wool, Acrylic and other fibres 278
FINISHED DECKING - WOOD
WOOD DECKING
Wood Decking 283
FINISHED DECKING - ACCESSORIES
SHIPS INCLINED LADDER SAFETY TREADS
Extruded Aluminum, Compound Filled Treads 287

Extruded and Cast Metal, Skid Resistant Treads 287
Resilient, Skid Resistant Treads 287
WALKWAY, NON-SLIP, STICK-DOWN TREADS
Flexible, Non-Slip Treads 293
-4-
PREFACE
This project encompasses the review and rewriting of the Society of Naval
Architects and Marine Engineers Technical and Research Bulletin, “Marine
and Deck Covering Guide,” originally published in 1969. It includes producing
a document entitled “Standard Practice for the Selection and Application of
Marine Deck Coverings” which will be a guide to assist in product selection,
writing specification, determining budgetary costs, purchasing and installation
of marine deck covering.
This effort is conducted under the auspices of the National Shipbuilding Research
Program, a cooperative research and development program involving the U. S.
Maritime Administration, U. S. Navy and U. S. Shipyards, which seek to reduce
shipbuilding costs and construction times through the implementation of
state-of-the-art technology in United States shipyards.
The National Shipbuilding Research Program functions through eleven technical

panels of the Ship Production Committee of the Society of Naval Architects
and Marine Engineers. These panels identify and undertake programs which
lead to productivity improvements within the entire marine industry. This project
is sponsored by SNAME Panel SP-6 on Marine Industry Standards.
The completed document contains individual data sheets on decking products

currently in use on both commercial and military ships. The data sheets include:
Description of the product

Features of the deck material
Specification references
Trade names and manufacturers
Areas of use as well as limitations
Budgetary cost coefficient
Physycal properties
Application methods
Cautionary notes
Warranty information, and a
Construction detail, where applicable.
An entire section is included on Standard Practice of Deck Preparation, a standard

form for specifications called “Deck/Spec,” a selector guide to suggest specific
deck products for various compartment areas and a “Cost Coefficient Chart”
that provides budget prices for all products in the document for each geographic
area of the United States.
A section of the various Marine Bodies of Influence in the United States, as

well as the International Maritime Organization, briefly describing their activities
in the marine industry, has also been included.
-5-
The Marine Industry remains indebted to the late Dean S. Champlin, Vice President
of Selby, Battersby & Co., and the late Abe Chasnoff of the Naval Ship Engineering
Center of the Department of the Navy, for their having pioneered the first issue of
the Marine Deck Covering Guide published in 1969 by the Society of Naval Architects
and Marine Engineers.
A sincere debt of thanks to the National Shipbuilding Research Program, the Society
of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, the U. S. Maritime Administration, the
U. S. Navy and the Shipyards of the United States for their foresight and action taken
to update and publish the “Standard Practice for the Selection and Application of Marine
Deck Coverings.
A special note of appreciation to the many industry leaders who so willingly shared
their knowledge of marine decking material so this Manual can provide the current
“State-of-the-Art,” and in particular our thanks goes to:
Fred Berry United States Navy Washington, DC

Arti Crisp, Jr. Professional Carpet Charleston, SC
Larry Clopton Professional Carpet Charleston, SC
Bruno DiPaulo Metro Floors & Deck Covering Springfield, PA
Tom Gibney Consultant Mountainside, NJ
Jake Giardina Petrochemical Services, Ltd. New Orleans, LA
Norman Lemley United States Coast Guard Washington, DC
R. L. Markle United States Coast Guard Washington, DC
Dick Martine Wooster Products, Inc. Wooster, OH
Brannon Murray Murray Tile Company Charleston, SC
Virgil Rinehart Maritime Administration Washington, DC
Tony Rogers Jacksonville Decking Co. Jacksonville, FL
Shelly Rovner American Safety Tread Co. Helena, AL
George Selfridge Maritime Services Corporation Hood River, OR
Tom Soik Peterson Builders, Inc. Sturgeon Bay, WI
Mike Tusa Petrochemical Services, Ltd. New Orleans, LA
Klaus Wahle United States Coast Guard Washington, DC
Tom Zambetti Zambetti Associates Malvern, PA
A heartfelt thanks to Mary A. O’Donnell whose patience, outstanding secretarial skills

and organizational efficiency brought all these technical facts into a readable and
producible manuscript.
Joseph F. O’Donnell, Editor

Senior Vice President (Retired)
Selby, Battersby & Co., Inc.
-6-
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING PUBLICATION

Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PUBLICATIONS

59-MA-lb Deck Covering; Cleaning and Preparation, in Way of Magnesite
59-MA-2b Deck Covering; Non-Slip, Magnesia Oxychloride Cement (Magnesite)

and its Application
59-MA-4b Tile; Ceramic, Deck and Bulkhead
59-MA-6a Underlayment; Deck Covering, Rubber Latex or Resin Emulsion
59-MA-7a Deck Covering; Latex Mastic and Resin Emulsion
59-MA-8 Deck Covering; Latex Mastic and/or Resin Emulsion
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION PUBLICATION

Fire Test Procedures for Ignitability of Primary Deck Coverings
NATIONAL FIRE AND PROTECTION ASSOCIATION PUBLICATION

Use of Inhilation Anesthetics (Flammable and Non-Flammable) of NFPA, 99-1984,
Health Care Facilities, Chapter 3
NATIONAL TERRAZZO AND MOSAIC ASSOCIATION PUBLICATION

National Terrazzo and Mosaic Association Design and Specification Manual on
Terrazzo Systems
SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE ENGINEERS PUBLICATIONS

Technical and Research Bulletins
No. 2-21 Deck Preparation
No. 4-11 Marine Deck Covering Guide, 1969
TILE COUNCIL OF AMERICA, INC., PUBLICATIONS

American National Standard Specifications for Ceramic Tile and Quarry Tile,
ANSI A 137.1
UNITED STATERS COAST GUARD PUBLICATIONS

Rules and Regulations for Passenger Vessels
Title 46 CFR 70-89 Subchapter H
Equipment Lists COMDTINST M 16714, 3C
Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular
- Guide to Structural Fire Protection Aboard Merchant Vessels 6-80
- Recommendations on Control of Excessive Noise
Tests of Carpet, Non-Flammability and Flammability with Fire Retardant and

Non-Fire Retardant, DOC TEST FF l-70 (Standard Test ASTM E-84)
-7-
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PUBLICATIONS
Provisions Governing the Qualified Products List SD-6
Code of Federal Regulations
Ship Compartment Nomenclature, MIL-STD-1624 A (SH)
MIL-D-3134 Deck Covering Materials
MIL-D-3135 Deck Covering Underlay Materials
MIL-D-16680 Deck Covering Magnesia Aggregate Mixture
MIL-D-17951 Deck Covering, Lightweight, Non-Slip, Abrasive Particle Coated
Fabric
MIL-D-21631 Deck Covering, Latex Concrete
MIL-D-23003 Deck Covering Compound, Non-Slip, Rollable
MIL-D-23134 Deck Underlay and Covering, Insulating, Magnesia Aggregate
Mixture
MIL-D-24483 Deck Covering, Spray-On, Non-Slip
MIL-D-24613 Deck Covering Materials, Interior, Cosmetic Polymeric
MIL-M-15562 Matting or Sheet, Floor Covering, Insulated for High Voltage
Application
MIL-S-2912 Synthetic Rubber Compound, Acid and Oil Resistant
MIL-T-18830 Tile, Plastic, Fire Retardant
MIL-T-24634 Treads, Extruded Aluminum, Compound Filled, Cast Metal,
Skid Resistant and Resilient Treads
DOD-C-24667 Coating System, Non-Skid, for Roll or Spray Application
UNITED STATES FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS

DDD-C-95 Carpets and Rugs, Wool, Nylon, Acrylic, Modacrylic
L-F-47 5 Floor Covering Vinyl, Surface (Tile and Roll) with Backing
SS-T-312 Tile, Floor: Rubber and Vinyl
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PUBLICATION

Vessel Sanitation Program Operation Manual
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF NAVAL PUBLICATIONS

The United States Government Manual
Strategic Concepts of the United Staters Navy
Naval Ships’ Technical Manual

Chapter 634, Deck Coverings
Fire Performance Requirements and Approved Specifications for Interior Finish

Materials and Furnishings, MIL-STD-1623
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PUBLICATIONS

International Health Regulations
Guidelines for Inspection of Ships for Rodent Control
-8-
USE OF THIS PUBLICATION
The “Standard Practice for the Selection and Application of Marine Deck Covering”
has been designed to easily direct those who use it to the proper decking system for
the various spaces in all types of commercial and military ships. Each individual will
determine the best and most comprehensive way to obtain the facts they need to best
answer each decking requirement. In this section the contents are briefly reviewed
and two general procedures are suggested.
Selection by Area
Determine the areas involved and review the “Selector Guide” to find the suggested
systems for those areas. Review the “Product Sheets” for the suggested systems and
select the system that most closely meets the majority of needs for that area.
Space constraints prohibited listing the over 2000 possible areas in various ships so
a representative cross-section was selected. If specific area is not listed, find an area
with similar use conditions and evaluate the products recommended for that area.
Selection by Product
If a particular type of product has performed satisfactorily, turn to the “Product Sheets”
for that type material and evaluate its characteristics and properties in light of the
decking needs for the areas currently being considered. Consult the “Selector Guide”
to find the product desired and review the spaces where the product is recommended.
If product is not listed, review the products that are recommended and determine
if they meet the use/needs of that area. If the recommended products are not as
satisfactory as the original selection, contact the manufacturer of the original product
and obtain their recommendations.
Review of Contents
Cost Coefficient - A simplistic method to obtain budget prices for all the decking
materials listed.
Selector - A guide with product recommendations for various ship spaces.
Specifications - The DECK/SPEC provides a model format for writing marine decking
specifications.
Marine Bodies of Influence - Provides a brief insight of the activities and responsibilities
of the main marine bodies of influence in the United
States.
Deck Preparation - An excellent guide to deck preparation which should be thoroughly

understood by the Superintendent of the Habitability Section and
followed by contractors’ installing the decking materials.
Product Sheets - A separate set of sheets are included for all of the most widely used
marine decking materials, as of this time. Each set provides a
description of Product, its features, technical data and application
information.
-9-
A general cross-section of product names and manufacturers are listed as well as
physical properties and specification references. Over time these listings change and
users of this publication should keep their product files current.
The Product Sheets are set up in the following categories:
Primary Decking, Insulation and Specialty Systems

Finished Decking, Resin Types
Finished Decking, Hard Surface Types
Finished Decking, Resilient Materials
Finished Decking, Carpet
Finished Decking, Wood
Finished Decking, Accessories
The INDEX provides the headings of each system included in each category and it
is recommended that the user become thoroughly familiar with the contents of the
INDEX.
There are a number of decking systems that are relevantly recent in their use as marine
decking and it is suggested that the reader become familiar with these systems.
Polymeric Resin Underlayment - An epoxy underlayment, with no water content, used

in conjunction with epoxy and urethane resin products.
Sound Deadening Systems - Listed under “Floating Deck System” they reduce sound
and vibration transmittal.
Decorative Systems - Known as Polymeric Resins they consist of epoxy, urethane

or polyester resins, generally unpigmented, into which marble,
color quartz or color flakes are encapsulated.
Ground Terrazzo - An acrylic, neoprene or epoxy resin with 70% marble chips ground
smooth to provide a decorative, long wearing decking system.
Weatherdeck Systems - Include a neoprene mastic or a polyurethane waterproof traffic

surface.
Weight Critical Decking Systems - Designed for weight critical ships and generally
consist of urethane clear resin and flakes or an
elastomeric polyurethane with flakes.
Reefer Boxes - A latex decking system adaptable to walk-in or fork-lift reefer box
traffic.
Vinyl Composition Tile - An asbestos free resilient tile widely used in ship construction.
The proper use of this “Marine Deck Covering Guide” will assist immeasurably those
responsible for the selecting, specifying, purchasing and supervising the installation
of all deck covering materials.
-lO-
Cost Coefficients & Deck’
Covering Selector
EFFECTIVE USE OF CHART AND SELECTOR
The Cost Coefficient Chart and Deck Covering Selector is an effective tool for Marine
architects, engineers, designers and ship owners when selecting decking material for
shipboard spaces and in developing projected budgetary costs.
Cost Coefficient Chart
The Cost Coefficient Chart allows the user to determine budget prices for each decking
material included on this list for locations throughout the United States.
A composite of installed costs was obtained from decking contractors in major shipbuilding
regions of the United States. The average cost of each material was obtained by dividing
the composite by the number of participants.
Vinyl composition tile, being the most widely used decking material, was assigned a
coefficient of 1.00. By dividing the average price of each decking material by the average
price of the vinyl composition tile, a cost coefficient was obtained for each decking
material in relation to the vinyl composition tile price.
By obtaining the local price for installing vinyl composition tile on a ship and then
multiplying with the cost coefficient of any decking material, a local budget price is
easily developed for any material in any region and for any time period.
The cost coefficients were developed from installed contractor budget prices at the
thickness shown. Companion items such as deck preparation, underlayments, waterproof
membrane and cove base are not included in the budget price. To obtain a more complete
budget cost, figure the price of each component and add them together.
Cost coefficients, including Carpet and “Stick-Down, Non-Slip” Treads, are based on
a price per square foot. Inched deck treads are priced per lineal foot according to width
of tread. Prices are based on average quantity of 1,000 square feet. Larger quantities
can reduce costs somewhat.
Deck Covering Selector
The Deck Covering Selector is a guide used in the determination of specific decking
products for various shipboard spaces.
A representative group of shipboard spaces was chosen to provide a good cross section.
If a specific space of interest is not included, relate the service conditions of that space
to a similar space on the list and follow that suggested recommendation.
Deck covering on all types of commercial and naval vessels, offshore rigs and supply
vessels are subject to much tough use and abuse. No one deck covering material can
solve the decking problems of every area of the ship. Some decking materials can be
used in a number of ship spaces and in general more than one material is available to
provide a successful decking system in most spaces. The Selector provides a number
of choices for most spaces and the design personnel need evaluate individual product
features and liabilities as set forth in the product data sheets.
-11-
M ARINE COST COEFFICENT CHART
SHIP SPACES
from A to C
SHIP SPACES
MARINE COST COEFFICIENT CHART AND DECK COVERING SELECTOR’
SHIP SPACES from D to L

USE OF THE DECK/SPEC SPECIFICATION
The DECK/SPEC Specification provides a format that can be used by the marine
specification writer for the various decking materials used in the shipbuilding industry.
It is set up in two categories:
Standard Specifications, which includes various items used in all decking

specifications; and
Variable Portion of Specifications, which includes the various types of decking

systems that can be used on all types of Ships and/or Off-Shore Rigs.
In addition to the wording that can be used in the specification writing is a series
of comments to the writer called “SPECIFIER NOTES” which provides information
as to the reason for each item suggested.
The DECK/SPEC Specification does not attempt to be “all inclusive” for all
specifications but is designed as a “guide” in writing decking specifications. Individual
Naval Architects, Marine Engineers, Shipbuilders and Ship Owners will have established
their own specification format and conditions and the DECK/SPEC format can be
used as a supplement to their standard format.
The Variable Portion lists all the different type decking systems that are currently
available and in use in the shipbuilding industry. The categories listed are the same
as in the STANDARD PRACTICE FOR THE SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF
MARINE DECK COVERING MANUAL, and by using the information in each product
sheet, the specification writer has all the technical and application information
required for inclusion in the specifications.
-36-
MARINE DECK/SPEC SPECIFICATIONS
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
Specifier Notes
1. DESCRIPTION
A. Scope of Work
Furnish material, labor and equipment to install decking List type material for
system and cove base, where stated, as described in this each compartment in
specification, shown in the habitability compartment schedule habitability compartment
and included in ships construction drawings. schedule
B. Site Conditions
Shipyard is to supply to contractor installer, at no charge:
Power, light, heat, ventilation, water, timely hoisting of Include conditions in

tools and materials, compartments free of debris and contract
equipment so installation work schedule can be maintained.
Deck temperature to be maintained at 60° F. 24 hours before,

all during and 24 hours after installation is completed.
Sufficient storage area, heated to a minimum of 50° F.

and capable of being securely locked.
C. Work Coordination
The decking contractor, all other contractors and personnel Important to meet
of the ship builder must coordinate their work functions milestone in schedule
to provide integrated productivity and on-time delivery.
D. Qualification of Products
Materials approved for installation must be from a Require qualified

manufacturer who has been compounding and supplying supplier to marine
approved decking materials that have been installed on industry
commercial and naval ships and/or off shore drill rigs, for
a minimum of 5 years.
The manufacturer’s published material safety data sheet product safety is

must be furnished by the decking contractor to the ship mandatory
builder prior to starting the installation.
Material to be installed must meet all the physical properties

and approvals set forth in this specification. Alternate
products will only be considered if samples and full technical
data are submitted to specifier a minimum of two weeks
prior to published bid date.
Deck/Spec (continued)
Specifier Notes
E. Qualification of Installer
Installer must work regularly installing marine decking Important to have

materials having a minimum of 3 years experience and must a qualified installer
be an approved installer certified by the manufacturer of
the decking materials.
F. Scope of Bid
Products installed must be the brand and quality stated in

specifications.
Selected contractor must submit 2 sets of published documents Submittals required

supplied by manufacturer for each product, manufacturer’s
current published application instructions, samples measuring
4” x 4” in size and a color selector, showing range of available
colors.
G. Delivery, Storage and Mixing Materials
Materials must be stored in a protected area with temperatures Protected and heated
maintained between 50° and 90° F. storage important to
success of decking
,Materials must be delivered in factory sealed containers installation
with manufacturer’s labels intact.
Materials must be opened and mixed in designated areas.
H. Protection of Work
As each compartment is completed, the installer and authorized

representative of the ship builder shall inspect and accept Protection responsibility
or reject completed work. of completed work
All accepted compartments shall be protected from abuse

and/or damage by the ship builder.
I. warranty
Contractor guarantees for one year that product supplied Contractor responsible
meets published specifications, subject to standard tolerances for guarantee of
and variations, and is installed in accordance with installation and
manufacturer’s instructions. materials
Specifier Notes
2. DECK PREPARATION
Installer is responsible for preparation of decks to receive finished Specifier to select the
decking material as set forth herein. preparation method
preferred Refer to
A. Preparation Procedure Deck Preparation
Section in this Manual.
(1) Sand blasting
(2) Power shot blasting
(3) Power sanding Specifier may defer to
(4) Power wire brushing decking contractor
and/or ship builder
B. Cleaning Deck Surface for selection of deck
preparation method,
(1) Steel unless method is
(2) Aluminum and stainless steel mandated by
specification require-
C. Primer Protective Coatings ments or material
manufacture&
(1) Inorganic zinc installation procedures
(2) Zinc chromate
(3) Navy 150 primer
(4) Epoxy primer
(5) Preparation for aluminum and stainless steel
D. Removal of Existing Deck Covering
(1) Resilient deck covering

(2) Composition decking
(3) Terrazzo and hard surface decking
(4) Non-skid decking
(5) Carpeting
E. Other Deck Preparation
(1) Treatment of welds

(2) Solvent cleaning of decks
(3) Priming newly prepared decks
(4) Overlaying existing decking
F. Safety Procedures
MARINE DECK/SPEC SPECIFICATIONS
VARIABLE SPECIFICATIONS
Specifier Notes
3. PRODUCTS SPECIFIED
A. Description
Products listed are approved for installation, by a qualified

installer, on the decks of the vessel or drill rig being bid.
(Sample)
Decking Category (Latex Mastic) Obtain from category

list in this section.
Sub-Heading (Underlayment) List all products
and categories specified
Product Type (Type I)
Description (Mixture of inorganic powders Obtain from individual

and binder to produce a product data sheets.
lightweight flexible underlayment) Include specification
number where applicable
B. Trade Name and Manufacturer
(Foranaft Selby, Battersby & Co.) Obtain from individual

product data sheet
(Subkote #1 Crossfie1d Products)
C. Physical Properties
All decking materials proposed for installation on this job Insert physical properties
must meet, or exceed, the physical properties listed when listed on individual
tested in accordance with referenced standards. product data sheet
4. APPLICATION METHODS
A. Mixing Insist application

iustructions be followed
When mixing powders and liquids always mix the liquid portion
first then slowly add the powder to the liquid until uniform
mixture is obtained.
B. Application Steps Refer to application

methods on individual
Installer must submit the manufacturer’s current published product data sheets
application instructions when samples, physical properties
and technical data sheets are submitted for approval.
C. curing Follow recommended

time for each system
Traffic should be excluded from area until decking material
cures or dries, which varies from product to product, but
normally is from overnight to 5 days.
-4O-
MARINE DECK/SPEC SPECIFICATION
PRODUCTS FOR VARIABLE PORTION OF SPECIFICATlONS
PRIMARY DECKING, INSULATION AND SPECIALTY SYSTEMS
Underlayments Latex Mastic, Types I and II

Magnesite
Polymeric Resin
Insulation Decking Decktop Insulation, Types I and II
Ammunition Holds Ammunition Magnesite
Latex Concrete
Floating/Sound Deadening Metal Clad System
Floor Panel and Spine System
FINISHED DECKING - RESIN TYPE
Solid Color Latex and Neoprene Decking

Polymeric Resin
Magnesite
Decorative Epoxy-Quartz Broadcast
Epoxy-Quartz Trowel
Epoxy-Flake Type
Epoxy-Marble Chip
Urethane-Flake Type
One Step, Epoxy-Marble Chip
Ground Terrazzo Latex and Neoprene Terrazzo
Catalyst Cured Terrazzo
Weatherdeck, Recreational
and Weatherproof Membrane Neoprene Membrane
Neoprene Resin
Elastomeric Urethane
Weight Critical Decking Epoxy-Flake Type
Urethane-Flake Type
Non-Skid Decking Non-Landing, High or Standard Durability
Landing, High or Standard Durability
General Purpose, Non-Landing and Landing
Spray Applied, Non-Landing and Landing
Reefer Boxes Latex Mastic
-41-
FINISHED DECKING - HARD SURFACE TYPES
Vitreous Tile Ceramic Tile

Quarry Tile
FINISHED DECKING - RESILIENT MATERIALS
Resilient Vinyl Composition

Homogenous Vinyl
Vinyl Sheet
Rubber Tile
High Dielectric -
Electronic Spaces Rubber Sheet
Vinyl Sheet
Portable Mats, Types II and III
Acid and Oil Resistant Synthetic Rubber
Urethane Decking
Carpet Wocl, Velvet, Class 1, 2 and 4

Nylon, Wool, Acrylic
FINISHED DECKING - WOOD
Wood Wood Parquet and Planks
FINISHED DECKING - ACCESSORIES - TREADS
Inclined Ladder Safety Treads Extruded Aluminum, Compound Filled

Extruded and Cast Metal
Resilient, Skid Resistant
Walkway, Stick-Down Treads Flexible, Adhesive Backing
-42-
INTRODUCTION TO MARINE BODIES OF INFLUENCE
The Marine Industry contains a number of bodies of influence that

are directly or indirectly involved in the activities and operating
functions of the industry.
The various organizations control marine regulations, the construction

and classification of vessels, the operation of ships and the training
of maritime personnel, construction materials, safety of life at sea
and the marine environment and the health and sanitation codes of
seagoing vessels.
This document addresses the general functions of a number of these

important bodies and provides a brief insight of their functions and
responsibilities. Full details of the governing rules and regulations
of these organizations can be obtained directly from the organization.
The groups discussed in this Decking Manual (in alphabetical order)

are:
American Bureau of Shipping
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Maritime Administration (MARAD)
Shipbuilders Council of America
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME)
United States Coast Guard
United States Department of Health and Human Services
United States Navy.
Information on the various groups have come from published mission

statements and articles received from the individual organizations
and published in this Manual with their approval.
-43-
THE AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING
The American Bureau of Shipping is a Classification Society that “Classes vessels

and maintains a Register of Shipping.”
Classification means that a vessel is built and maintained in accordance with a

set of “Rules of a Classification Society,” and when found in compliance with these
rules through examination by the Society, it is entered upon its Rolls as being
designed and constructed for seaworthiness.
The major mission of Classification is to be certain that the ship encompasses the
requirements which experience and technology show necessary for the ship to
withstand the rigors of the sea when in the responsible command of people skilled
in the art of seamanship and dedicated to their art.
Classification is an important function which is done internationally and vessels

and rigs which receive an approval seal by a recognized Classification Society are
accorded lower insurance rates than vessels that do not have an approval seal.
The American Bureau of Shipping is a non-profit organization organized under the

laws of the State of New York. Income is received for the fees charged for services
rendered. No revenue is received from the United States Government except for
services performed for the government.
The American Bureau of Shipping performs Classification work worldwide.

Approximately two-thirds of the vessels they Classify are of foreign registry and
they Classify over 25% of the free world’s shipping tonnage. They are represented
in 80 countries and have over 500 exclusive surveyors.
In the United States a number of the inspection responsibilities overlapped both

the American Bureau of Shipping and the United States Coast Guard organizations.
In the early 1970’s both groups instigated a study to reduce the duplication and
develop a close relationship on inspections and accreditations. An excellent working
relationship has developed that has produced beneficial results to both the
shipbuilding and Merchant Marine Industries.
The American Bureau of Shipping generally is not directly involved with approvals
of decking materials. Their main interest is to be assured that any deck covering
used would not cause corrosion of the steel deck or structural members. If any
decking system is likely to be corrosive, the steel must be insulated from the deck
material by a non-corrosive protective prime coat or underlayment. The Surveyors
for The American Bureau of Shipping are privileged to take samples of the material
being installed and to obtain an independent analysis at the manufacturer’s expense.
-44-
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO)
In 1948 the United Nations recognized the need to establish a specialized agency
whose ‘main concern was to improve safety at sea. Because of the international
nature of the shipping industry any real improvement would only come if all countries
acted together rather than as individuals. This prompted the establishment of the
International Maritime Organization (IMO)* as the first international body devoted
exclusively to maritime matters.
The primary objectives of IMO are the improvement of maritime safety and the
prevention of marine pollution. The governing body meets every two years and
consists of representation of 128 member countries and one associate member. Every
member govenment participates on an equal basis. In the first twenty-five years
thirty conventions and over 500 codes concerning maritime safety, the prevention
of pollution and related matters have been adopted. Implementation is mandatory
on all countries which are parties to it.
The first Conference in 1960, concerned with safety matters, adopted the International
Convention of Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). In 1974 an improved International
Convention was adopted to introduce necessary improvements. This new SOLAS
Convention was put into force in 1980. Like most seafaring nations, the United States
is a signatory to that treaty and the United States Coast Guard represents the State
Department in the International Maritime Organization and is responsible for the
implementation of SOLAS.
The SOLAS treaty is an international treaty dealing with maritime safety matters,
including fire protection. Vessels on international voyages between countries which
are signatories to the SOLAS treaty must carry a “SOLAS CERTIFICATE” issued
by the country whose flag the vessel is flying, to verify that the vessel complies
with its provisions. For United States flag vessels, the United States Coast Guard
issues SOLAS certificates after the vessels demonstrate compliance with the
provisions of SOLAS.
IMO’s main concern is to ensure that all Conventions, Codes and other adopted
instruments are effectively enforced and implemented. It is the member governments’
ultimate responsibility for putting into effect and to control the measures adopted
by IMO.
With regard to decking materials IMO has approved resolutions covering the procedures
for the approval of deck coverings or primary deck coverings regarding fire resistance,
as discussed in Chapter II of the International Convention for the Safety of Life
at Sea (SOLAS) in 1960. Tables show where decks meeting A-60, A-30 and A-15 fire
resistance ratings are required. The responsible marine authority for the country
whose flag the vessel is flying will approve the decking materials.
Until May 22, 1982 the Organization was called the Inter-Governmental Maritime
Consultative Organization (IMCO).
-45-
IMO (continued)
For certain areas where a fire resistance rating is not needed, SOLAS still requires
approved materials. The SOLAS treaty does not usually stipulate a specific approval
test, but instead references a recommended test method published in the form of
an IMO Resolution. These Resolutions are not mandatory, but often adopted by
countries into their own codes.
The Resolution A.214 (VII) Improved Provisions Guidelines on Test Procedures for
Primary Deck Coverings is in force at the time of publication of this Decking Manual.
Test is required for materials applied directly to steel plate and equals or exceeds
5 mm thickness (approximately 3/16 inch thick). The test determines if the decking
material readily ignites, releases excessive smoke and/or exudes gases which are
toxic and/or combustible.
The test procedures set forth in IMO Resolution A. 214 (VII), which includes tests
for the ignitability of the deck covering and the smoke given off when the deck
covering is heated from below, has not been used by many countries. IMO, after
much considertion and evaluation, has developed a new test method, Resolution
A. 687 (17), for primary deck coverings which is intended to replace Resolution A.
214 (VII) during the next revision of SOLAS.
-46-
UNITED STATES MARITIME ADMINISTRATION
MERCHANT MARINE ACT 1936
The purpose of this Act was to further the development and maintenance of an
adequate and well-balanced American merchant marine, to promote the commerce
of the United States, to aid in the national defense, to repeal certain former
legislation, and for other purposes.
It is necessary for the national defense and development of its foreign and domestic
commerce that the United States shall have a merchant marine
(a) sufficient to carry its domestic water-borne commerce and a substantial

portion of the water-borne export and import foreign commerce of the United
States and to provide shipping service essential for maintaining the flow
of such domestic and foreign water-borne commerce at all times,
(b) capable of serving as a naval and military auxiliary in time of war or national
emergency,
(c) owned and operated under the United States flag by citizens of the United
States insofar as may be practicable,
(d) composed of the best equipped, safest and most suitable types of vessels,
constructed in the United States and manned with a trained and efficient
citizen personnel, and
(e) supplemented by efficient facilities for shipbuilding and ship repair.
It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States to foster the development
and encourage the maintenance of such a merchant marine.
The Maritime Administration was created in 1950 as an Agency of the Department

of Commerce to administer the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 and reaffirmed by
the Act of 1970. In 1981 it became an Agency of the U. S. Department of
Transportation and acts as the principal adviser to the Secretary of Transportation
on developing, promoting and maintaining an American merchant marine.
The mission of MARAD is to promote and develop an efficient American merchant

marine capable of serving the nation’s shipping needs for domestic and international
water-borne commerce and national defense.
The Maritime Administration administers various programs designed to assist and

strengthen the nations maritime industry, including:
Financial assistance to U. S. flag vessel operators.
Marketing programs to help U. S. flag vessels carry more foreign trade.
-47-
MARAD (continued)
Promotion of efficient U. S. ports and advance intermodal transportation

systems.
Training of skilled officers and crews to man American ships.
Participate in international activities which affect American flag shipping.
Maintenance of the National Defense Reserve Fleet and its component Ready
Reserve Force (RRF) as a source of emergency shipping for the nation.
MARAD administers a War Risk Insurance program which insures operators and
seamen against losses caused by hostile action if domestic commercial insurance
is not available.
The agency administers programs to aid in the development, promotion and operation
of the U. S. Mechant Marine. It also organizes and directs emergency merchant
ship operations and administers a subsidy program through the Maritime Subsidy
Board. Additionally, it provides financing guarantees for the construction,
reconstruction and reconditioning of ships and enters into capital construction fund
agreements which grant tax deferrals to owners of vessels on moneys to be used
for the acquisition, construction or reconstruction of merchant ships.
The Maritime Administration administers subsidy programs, through the Maritime

Subsidy Board, under which the Federal Government, subject to statutory limitations,
pays the difference between certain costs of operating ships under the U. S. flag
and foreign competitive flags on essential services, and the difference between
the costs of constructing ships in the United States and foreign shipyards.
Under emergency conditions it charters Government-owned ships to U. S. operators.

If additional military sealift is required, MARAD is empowered to requisition or
procure ships owned by U. S. citizens and allocate them to meet defense needs.
It regulates sales to aliens and transfers to foreign registry of ships that are fully
or partially owned by U. S. citizens. It also disposes of Government-owned ships
found nonessential for national defense.
The American Merchant Marine and MARAD actively supported U. S. military

operations in the Persian Gulf following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990.
Significantly, 95% of all military equipment and supplies to support American and
coalition forces in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm went by sea. U. S.
flag vessels accounted for 80% of this cargo lift, one-fourth of which was transported
by 78 Ready Reserve Force Ships activated by MARAD, and operated by 3000
experienced marine personnel assembled by U. S. seafaring unions, many who came
out of retirement to provide their experience to this important operation.
The Administration operates the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New
York, where young men and women are trained to become merchant marine officers,
and provides training in shipboard firefighting at Earle, New Jersey, San Francisco,
California, and Toledo, Ohio. It also administers a Federal assistance program for
state maritime academies operated in California, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan,
New York and Texas.
-48-
THE SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE ENGINEERS
The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) is

a non-profit technical and professional organization, composed of
individual members, to exchange information and ideas, to disseminate
the results of research and experience, to further the education in
naval architecture, marine and ocean engineering important to the
advancement of the art.
The Society was founded in 1893 and is incorporated in the State of

New York. Its current headquarters are located in Jersey City, New
Jersey. Its membership exceeds 10,000, including over 1000 student
members.
In addition to the Officers, Executive and Standing Committees and

Administrative Staff, the organization has seventeen very active
geographic Sections with fourteen in the United States and three
in Canada. These Sections hold over 100 technical meetings annually
for the presentation of papers on all phases of the marine industry.
The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers is very active

in the publication “Transactions”, “Marine Technology” Journal, Ship
Research and Production Journals, Books on all aspects of the industry,
Technical Bulletins and bound copies of Marine Symposiums. the
Society has awarded over 800 Undergraduate and Graduate Scholarships
to deserving students and actively supports Naval Education.
A major contribution to the industry is the extensive Technical and

Research Programs in all phases of architectural, marine and ocean
engineering actively involving over 1300 members. All of these
programs are performed in cooperation with government and regulatory
agencies, scientific and research laboratories, academic institutions
and all phases of the marine industry.
-49-
SHIPBUILDINGS COUNCIL OF AMERICA
The Shipbuilders Council of America is an organization established in 1920

to represent America’s shipbuilding and ship repair industry. This organization
represents 28 shipbuilding and repair companies that employ 95% of private
shipyard workers in the United States. In addition, there are 4 major naval
architect firms, 15 allied industries represented and numerous associate
members of this important marine group.
The Shipbuilders Council of America represents the industry to the legislative,

executive and judicial branches of the United States government. It also
provides economic and legal research, technical and environmental
coordination, public education and export promotion.
The United States shipbuilding industry has always been a leader in naval
warfare and commercial vessel technology. Safe use of nuclear power, noise
attenuation silencing, streamline submarine hulls, missile system technology,
the first nuclear powered warship and the NIMITZ class carrier, the most
powerful weapon system in the world, are but some of the naval warfare
advances pioneered in the United States.
In the commercial vessel technology the United States shipbuilding industry

pioneered the containership concept, transportation of cryogenic liquids
like LNG and LPG, truck trailer carrying RO/RO ships, self unloading bulk
ships, barge carrying ships and deep-notch tug barges have proven their
value worldwide.
American shipbuilders continue to respond to the challenges of the industry

as their market shifts from building ships for the U.S. Navy to building
commercial ships for the world market. These responses include special
ship designs for low cost production, improved customer responsiveness
and industry sharing of technological advances.
-50-
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD
The United States Coast Guard, a part of the Department of Transportation, is the
agency of the Federal Government charged with regulating commercial shipping and
drilling rigs. Among the missions assigned to the U. S. Coast Guard are maritime law
enforcement, aids to navigation, search and rescue, maritime environmental protection,
port safety and security, recreational boating safety and commercial vessel safety.
This document is mainly concerned with commercial vessel safety and the regulations
for these vessels are contained in Title 46 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
which is the building code for ships. United States flag vessels must demonstrate
compliance with the applicable sections of Title 46 of the CFR before being issued
a “Certificate of Inspection” by the Coast Guard to operate as a commercial vessel.
No American vessel may depart on a voyage without having “on-board” a valid
“Certificate of Inspection.” The only exceptions are ships owned by the United States
Government or those so small as to not be governed by U. S. Coast Guard regulations.
The USCG is involved in the approval of the design and construction of virtually every
U. S. flag vessel and inspects most foreign ships entering our ports with potentialy
hazardous cargoes. The USCG has 12 District Offices throughout the United States
and ship designers and shipyards work with these branch offices on matters concerning
approval of designs and plans.
The USCG prefers to adopt industry standards wherever possible and is represented
on every regular and special committee which develops these standards or rules affecting
U. S. flag vessels.
MEMBERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO)
The United Nations Organization established a specialized agency known as the

International Maritime Organization (IMO) whose main concern was to improve maritime
safety. This group adopted an International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).
Like most seafaring nations, the United States is a signatory to that treaty and the
United States Coast Guard represents the State Department in IMO and is responsible
for the implementation of SOLAS in the United States.
SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA (SOLAS) TREATY
The SOLAS Convention has approved resolutions covering the procedures for the approval
of deck covering and/or primary deck coverings as far as fire resistance is concerned.
For U. S. flag vessels and for vessels engaged in international trade “SOLAS” certificates
are issued by the U. S. Coast Guard after the vessel demonstrates compliance with
the provisions of SOLAS.
-51-
USCG (continued)
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFRs)
The requirements for decks to meet certain fire resistance criteria, and for deck covering
materials to be Coast Guard approved are contained in the Code of Federal Regulations.
Title 46 of the CFRs is divided into several subchapters, each dealing with a specific
type of vessel. These Subchapters may be purchased from the Superintendent of
Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (telephone
202-783-3238) as follows:
Uninspected Vessels (Subchapter C) 46 CFR Parts 24- 26

Commercial Fishing Industry Vessels 46 CFR Part 28
Passenger Vessels (Subchapter H) 46 CFR Parts 70- 89
Tank Vessels (Subchapter D) 46 CFR Parts 30- 40
Cargo and Miscellaneous Vessels (Subchapter I) 46 CFR Parts 90- 106
Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (Subchapter I-A) 46 CFR Parts 107- 109
Nautical Schools (Subchapter R) 46 CFR Parts 166- 174
Small Passenger Vessels (Subchapter T) 46 CFR Parts 175- 187
Oceanographic Vessels (Subchapter U) 46 CFR Parts 188- 196
Equipment, Construction and Materials (Subchapter Q) 46 CFR Parts 159- 165
These regulations must be consulted to determine which decks on a specific type of

vessel must have approved deck covering materials, whether the decks must meet A-60,
A-30, A-15, A-O criteria, etc. Decks in some areas such as outside the accommodation
areas may not need any approved structural fire protection materials.
Explanatory background information concerning the Coast Guard’s structural fire

protection requirements is contained in Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular
No. 6-80, which may be obtained from the Coast Guard’s Marine Safety Center (telephone
202-366-6483).
EXEMPTION FOR FINISHING AND LEVELING MATERIALS
Coast Guard regulations permit the use of an average of 3/8 inch of unapproved materials
for leveling and finishing purposes. This means that the top 3/8 inch of deck covering
material need not be approved, but will also not count toward any fire resistance rating.
All deck covering material, i.e., any material provided below the top 3/8 inch, such
as an underlayment or insulated decking material, must be of an approved type.
U. S. COAST GUARD APPROVAL CATEGORIES FOR DECK COVERING
Structural fire protection materials which can be used for deck coverings are approved
in one of the following approval categories:
DECK COVERINGS (46 CFR 164.006)
This is the traditional approval category for deck coverings which are used on decks
where a fire resistance rating is required, such as A-15, A-30 or A-60. Materials which
are tested to this specification are individually applied to a deck with either welded
steel clips or adhesive. This test does not require non combustibility. Instead, limits
on the maximum permissible heat transfer, smoke development and organic carbon
-52-
USCG (continued)
content have been established. The materials are tested in a manner representative
of the actual shipboard installation, including the use of clips, mastic or other means
of bonding the material to the steel deck. To date, the materials approved under this
category have been oxychloride cements (magnesite).
Tests are normally conducted on a sample thick enough to provide an A-60 rating. If
the deck on which the material is to be installed needs only a lesser rating such as A-15
or A-30, obviously less material is needed. Rather than conducting additional tests
to determine the minimum thickness of material needed for an A-15 or A-30 rating,
manufacturers make use of the following Coast Guard acceptance criteria:
For an A-30 deck the Coast Guard will accept material which is at least
3/4 times as thick as the same material which met A-60 criteria.
For an A-15 deck the Coast Guard will accept material which is at least
l/2 times as thick as the same material whch met A-60 criteria.
A-60 FLOATING FLOOR DECK ASSEMBLES (46 CFR 164.005)
Another, relatively new trend in ship deck construction is to use modular systems such
as floating floors to reduce the transmission of noise and vibrations. These typically
consist of layers of mineral wool or mineral wool panel sections with a hard top such
as steel or calcium silicate panels. The Coast Guard has established a new approval
category under 46 CFR 164.005, although the corresponding test has not yet been
incorporated into the CFRs. Approval requirements include noncombustibility, and
a fire test in accordance with IMO Resolution A-517(13). The deck assembly must meet
temperature limitation and smoke and flame penetration requirements.
Because of the uniqueness of each design there are no comparable reduction factors
for determining the thicknesses of A-15 and A-30 deck assemblies. Fire tests are
necessary if an A-15 or A-30 deck assembly of lesser thickness than that tested for
an A-60 rating is desired.
NONCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS (46 CFR 164.009)
Although not necessarily intended for decks, noncombustible materials may be used
on a deck where approved deck covering materials are required, but where the decks
do not need to meet A-15, A-30 or A-60 fire resistance criteria.
RUGS AND CARPETS
Although sometimes called “deck coverings,” rugs and carpets are considered furnishing
(like drapes and furniture) by the CFRs rather than structural fire protection materials.
They are, therefore, not counted as part of the deck covering, and cannot be used to
make decks fire resistant. In specific locations aboard passenger vessels, they must
meet separate flame spread and smoke development limitations.
CERTIFICATES OF APPROVAL AND EQUIPMENT LISTS
Manufacturers of deck covering materials which meet Coast Guard requirements for
a particular category of material are issued a certificate, valid for five years, as proof
that the material meets Coast Guard requirements. This information is also published
in the next edition of the Coast Guard’s Equipment Lists (COMDTINST M16714.3).
-53-
USCG (continued)
FOREIGN FLAG VESSELS
flag vessels visiting U. S. ports do not need to have U.S. Coast Guard approved
Foreign
deck covering materials. Instead, the vessel must have a SOLAS certificate; issued
by the country whose flag it is flying. This certificate is intended to show that the vessel
meets the provisions of the SOLAS treaty.
The SOLAS treaty contains tables which show where decks meeting A-60, A-30 and
A-15 fire resistance ratings are required. The responsible marine authority for the country
whose flag the vessel is flying will approve the decking materials.
For certain areas where a fire resistance rating is not needed, SOLAS still requires
approved materials. The SOLAS treaty does not usually stipulate a specific approval
test, but instead references a recommended test method published in the form of an
IMO Resolution. These Resolutions are not mandatory, but are often adopted by various
countries into their own national codes.
For primary deck coverings SOLAS recommends IMO Resolution A.214(VII) as an approval
test method. This test, which tests for the ignitability of the deck covering and smoke
given off when the deck covering is heated from below, has not been used by many
countries. IMO has, therefore, developed a new test method (Resolution A. 687(17)
for primary deck coverings which is intended to replace Resolution A.214(VII) during
the next revision of SOLAS.
-54-
THE UNITED STATES NAVY
Founding of the United States Navy
The United States Navy was founded on October 13, 1775, when Congress enacted
the first legislation creating the Continental Navy of the American Revolution.
The Department of the Navy and the Office of Secretary of the Navy were established
by the Act of April 30,1798.
The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense
as an executive department of the Federal Government, and provided that the
Department of the Navy be a military department within the Department of Defense.
Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Navy is appointed by the President as the head of the Department
of the Navy. Under the direction, authority and control of the Secretary of Defense,
the Secretary of the Navy is responsible for the policies and control of the Department
of the Navy, including its organization, administration, functioning and efficiency.
The members of the Secretary’s executive administration assist in the discharge
of the responsibilities of the Secretary of the Navy.
Mission of the United States Navy
The primary mission of the Department of the Navy is to protect the United States
as directed by the President or the Secretary of Defense, by the effective prosecution
of war at sea including, with its Marine Corps component, the seizure or defense
of advanced naval bases; to support, as required, the forces of all military departments
of the United States: and to maintain freedom of the seas.
The U.S. Navy is to be prepared to conduct prompt and sustained combat operations
at sea in support of U.S. national interests; in effect, to assure continued maritime
superiority for the United States. This means that the U.S. Navy must be able to
defeat, in the aggregate, potential threats to continued free use of the high seas
by the United States. In its simplest terms, defeating the maritime threat means
destruction of hostile aircraft, surface ships and submarines which threaten the
seaborne forces of the United States and its allies.
Implementation
The Navy carries out its mission within the framework of a national strategy, in
joint coordination with the other Services and in combined planning with U.S. allies.
U.S. naval force requirements cannot be regarded in isolation from U.S. foreign
policy, domestic considerations and the force requirements and capabilities of the
other Services and selected allies.
-55-
USN (continued)
Functions of the United States Navy
In order to achieve the basic military objectives of the United States, the respective
Services are tasked with specific primary and collateral functions by Department
of Defense Directive 5100.1. The Department of the Navy is tasked:
To organize, train and equip Navy forces for the conduct of prompt
and sustained combat operations at sea, including operations of
sea-based aircraft and land-based naval air components -
specifically, forces to seek out and destroy enemy naval forces,
and to suppress enemy sea commerce, to gain and maintain general
naval supremacy, to control vital sea areas and to protect vital
sea lines of communication, to establish and maintain local
superiority (including air) in an area of naval operations, to seize
and defend advanced naval bases, and to conduct such land and
air operations as may be essential to the prosecution of a naval
campaign.
Briefly, the Navy’s two basic functions are sea control and power projection. Sea
control is achieved by the engagement and destruction of hostile aircraft, ships
and submarines at sea, or by the deterrence of hostile action through the threat
of destruction. Sea control is a requirement for most naval operations. It is required
so that the U.S. Navy may have operating areas that are secure for the projection
of power, such as carrier strike or amphibious assault, and sea lines of communication
that assure buildup and resupply of allied forces in the theater of operations and
free flow of strategic resources. Effective sea control also enhances security for
the nation’s sea-based strategic deterrent.
Naval Ship Construction and Repairs
The parameters of ‘this Deck Covering Manual relate to naval vessels and support
vessels, both in new construction and repair work.
New ships are generally designed by naval architects, approved by the Navy, and
built to Navy specifications.
Repair work plans and specifications are the responsibility of the Supervisor of
Shipbuilding.
There is a Supervisor of Shipbuilding for each Naval District and if a shipyard has
a large building program, a Supervisor could be assigned to that spcific shipyard.
It is the Supervisor of Shipbuilding’s responsibility to determine that every ship is
built to Navy standards and to approve and accept the completed work.
Naval Ship Engineering Command (NAVSEC) is responsible for writing the

specifications for materials to be installed on a ship and is responsible for the
habitability areas such as deck covering, bulkheads, furniture and so forth.
Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) is involved with materials that go on the
Navy ships and the approval of the materials under MIL specifications and the
placement on the “Qualified Products List.”
-56-
USN (continued)
Qualification and Qualified Products List
Qualification is the testing of products for compliance with the requirements of

a specification prior to and independent of purchasing action. The qualification
procedure prevents delay in delivery of items under contract which might be caused
by problems in design or composition, or by time-consuming tests required to prove
that the specification requirements can be met.
To assure continuous availability of products in such cases, qualification of specific

products or a family of products is required prior to opening of bids or the award
of negotiated contracts. Criteria for retention of qualification are applied on a
periodic basis. Testing of a product for compliance with the requirements of a
specification in advance of, and independent of any specific acquisition, is known
as qualification testing. To establish a Qualified Products List (QPL), an approved
and dated military or Federal specification must exist which requires qualification
and sets forth the qualification examination and tests and criteria for retention.
The fact that a product has been examined and tested and placed upon a QPL signifies
only that at the time of examination and test the manufacturer could make a product
which met specification requirements. Inclusion on a QPL does not in any way relieve
the manufacturer or distributor of his contractual obligation to deliver items meeting
all specification requirements.
The major benefit of the Qualified Products List is to assure the shipbuilder and
owner of products that perform in accordance to Navy proven performance standards.
Some few items, used in Naval shipbuilding, are not required to have to be tested
and listed on the QPL. These products must meet criteria of certain specific tests
and manufacturer is required to submit a certificate that these conditions are met.
This Deck Covering Manual includes QPL and Department of Defense specifications
where listed for specific decking systems. Over a period of time some of these
can change so users of this Manual need to become aware of these changes or
cancellations and act on them accordingly.
-57-
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL
National Center for Prevention Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services is a member of the World
Health Organization and has accepted the International Health Regulations of that
organization. The two major functions of this organization having direct impact on
the shipbuilding and rig building industries are:
Division of Quarantine
Vessel Sanitation Program
Division of Quarantine
Each country shall employ all means in its power to diminish the danger from the spread
of plague by rodents and their ectoparasites and shall keep itself constantly informed
of the conditions in any area, especially any port infected or suspected of being infected
by rodent plague. If the port has been designated under the health authority, it may
derat the ship or cause the deratting to be done under its direction and control should
this condition be found. Deratting shall be carried out so as to avoid as far as possible
damage to the ship and to any cargo and shall not take longer than is absolutely
necessary. Wherever possible, deratting shall be done when the holds are empty.
On arrival of a ship having on board a person suffering from pulmonary plague, the
health authority may place the passengers and crew of the ship in isolation for a period
of six days, reckoned from the date of the last exposure to infection.
International Regulations require each Health Administration to maintain a sufficient

number of ports in its territory with adequate personnel competent to inspect ships
for the issue of deratting and deratting exemption certificates.
In industrialized countries, sanitarians, health inspectors or equivalent personnel are

normally employed for the purposes of general ship inspection and for the supervision
of inspection in connection with the issue of deratting and deratting exemption
certificates. Such persons are public health trained and have a knowledge of the
problems which can be caused by rodents, factors which will influence their presence
on ships and the ecology and habits of rodents and the evidence which their infestations
present. The training also comprises knowledge of ship design and structure, likely
harbourage points for rodents in ships and the problems which can be caused by their
presence. A comprehensive knowledge of the construction of port buildings, wharves,
dock areas, terminals for storage of bulk foods such as grain and animal feeding stuffs
is necessary.
In the United States the Division of Quarantine is the health unit responsible for issuing
deratting and deratting exemption certificates. The Division of Quarantine does not
perform deratting procedures. Pest infestation and fumigation work are normally
carried out by specialist contracting companies who are able to perform the specialized
procedures involved to the satisfaction of the port health authority. Vessels (usually
not less than 100 gross tons) proceeding to foreign ports and including fishing vessels,
require the renewal of deratting or deratting exemption certificates at six monthly
intervals.
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Dept. Health (continued)
Vessel Sanitation Program
The Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP) is a cooperative activity between the cruise ship
industry and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Public Health Service, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. The purpose and goals of the VSP are
to achieve and maintain a level of sanitation that will lower the risk of gastrointestinal
disease outbreaks and assist the passenger line industry in its effort to provide a
healthful environment for passengers and crew.
The Vessel Sanitation Program is based on the inspection guidelines set forth in Centers
for Disease Control’s VSP Operations Manual, the World Health Organization (WHO)
“Guide to Ship Sanitation,” the 1976 edition of the Food and Drug Administration’s
“Food Service Sanitation Manual,” and the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) “Food
Service Equipment Standards.”
The aggressive efforts to maintain high standards of shipboard sanitation are critical
to VSP’s success. CDC’s functions include technical assistance, consultation,
unannounced twice yearly inspections and, when necessary, reinspections of all vessels
in the VSP. The VSP combines the commitment of private industry with government
oversight to ensure that ships meet the highest sanitary standards for the protection
of the traveling public.
Although cooperation with the Vessel Sanitation Program is voluntary for carriers,
the Public Health Service (PHS) is authorized to take measures necessary to prevent
the introduction, transmission or spread of communicable diseases in the United States
from a foreign country. Regulations to carry out this duty authorize the PHS to conduct
regular sanitary inspections of carriers traveling to a U.S. port from a foreign area.
This inspection is conducted to determine the existence of vermin, contaminated food
or water or other unsanitary conditions that may contribute to the introduction, spread
or transmission of communicable disease.
The Vessel Sanitation Program requires participants to report any diarrhea illness
on board the ship. A record must be maintained, the Master of the Ship must notify
the quarantine station 24 hours prior to arrival, and with this information the Center
for Disease Control will decide if the condition requires a field investigation.
Inspection of Vessels
The Periodic unannounced inspection are full inspections of all phases of the ship and
its operation to maintain safe, sanitary conditions aboard ship, and include:
Water and food sanitation

Personnel - must be free of infections and communicable disease
Equipment, warewashing and facilities
Solid and liquid waste disposal
Toilet and handwashing facilities
Pest control, toxic substances and miscellaneous items.
A strict scoring system is maintained on each item and the vessel must receive a total
of 86 points out of 100 to pass the inspection. Vessels are given the opportunity to
correct any deficiencies and to have them noted in the Summary of Sanitation
Inspections of International Cruise Ships which is available for public information.
-59-
MARINE DECK PREPARATION
CONTENTS
Page
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
62
2. TOOLS USED IN DECK PREPARATION 62

A. Abrasive Blasting 62
(1) Sand Blasting 62
(2) Power Shot Blasting 62
B. Power Tool Cleaning 63
(1) Power Sanding 63
(2) Power Wire Brushing 63
C. Specialized Cleaning Equipment 63
(1) Rockwell Deck Crawlers RN-727 63
(2) Needle Guns 63
(3) Knuckle Buster 63
3. CLEANING THE DECK SURFACE 63

A. Steel 63
(1) New construction 63
(2) Rehabilitation Work 64
(a) Unpainted Decks 64
(b) Painted Decks 64
B. Aluminum and Stainless Steel 64
(1) New Construction 64
(2) Rehabilitation Work 6 4
(a) Unprotected Deck 64
(b) Painted or Deck Covering 65
4. PRIMER PROTECTIVE COATINGS 65

A. Inorganic Zinc 65
B. Zinc Chromate Primer 66
C. Navy 150 Primer 66
D. Epoxy Primer 66
E. Red Lead Primer 67
F. Preparation for Aluminum and Stainless Steel 67
-6O-
Deck Preparation (continued)
Page
5. REMOVAL OF EXISTING DECK COVERING FOR REHABILITATION WORK 67

A. Resilient Decking Materials 67
(1) Non-Asbestos Containing Material 67
(2) Asbestos Containing Resilient Decking 67
B. Composition Decking Systems 67
C. Terrazzo and Hard Surface Decking 68
(I) Terrazzo 68
(2) Hard Surface Decking 68
D. Non-Skid Decking 68
E. Carpeting 69
6. OTHER DECK PREPARATION PROCEDURES 69

A. Treatment of Welds 69
B. Solvent Cleaning of Decks 69
C. Priming Sub-Decks for Finished Decking Systems 70
D. Overlaying New Decking on Existing Decking System 70
7. SAFETY PROCEDURES 70
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MARINE DECK PREPARATION
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
Proper deck preparation assures a successful installation. Poor deck preparation

assures a failure of the decking system.
It is sound installation practice to remove all rust, mill scale, paint, grease, oil,
dirt and any other extraneous matter.
Most specifications state that decks should be cleaned and prepared in accordance
with Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) SP-3 Standards.
Steel decks, depending on deck covering to be used, should be prepared to the

standard of clean steel to bright metal.
Aluminum and Stainless Steel should be wiped with solvent to remove the oily
surface film, be abraded with Open Coat Aluminum Oxide #24 or nylon sanding
pads and primed with decking material recommended by the manufacturer.
2. TOOLS USED IN DECK PREPARATION
A. Abrasive Blasting
(1) Sand Blasting
This method is more commonly known as sand blasting and is generally

done by Shipyard personnel. Often this work, in new construction,
is done at the “Wheel Abrader” location prior to erection on the vessel.
A reference for this work is the Society of Naval Architects T&R

Bulletin 4-9, entitled “Abrasive Blasting Guide for Aged or Coated
Steel Surfaces.”
(2) Power Shot Blasting
In confined areas and on shipboard locations sand blasting creates

too much dust and contamination hazards. A more efficient system
is the Power Shot Blasting system which is a self contained unit
that recaptures the debris after the metal shot impacts the surface
and breaks loose rust, paint, non-skid decking and finished decking
systems. The profile created by this system provides an excellent
surface on which the new decking system will be applied. Size of
shot blast equipment dictates areas wherein this equipment can
be used.
-62-
B. Power Tool Cleaning
(1) Power Sanding
Power driven rotating disc, reciprocating or belt driven sanders

with an abrasive surface are used to remove rust, paint, welding
excess and decking material. Various coarsenesses of stones, discs
or sanding paper may be selected depending on surface to be removed.
Open Coat Aluminum Oxide $24 Grit sanding paper is widely used
in deck preparation work. Be certain grinders have a safety stone
guard.
(2) Power Wire Brushing
Uses a power driven rotary radial or cup steel wire brushes to clean
the surface. This system is only used when other systems are not
available or when only light removal is required. A disadvantage
lies in the wire brush polishing the steel deck rather than cleaning
it and leaving a dense surface hard to adhere to.
C. Specialized Cleaning Equipment
(1) Rockwell Deck Crawlers RN-727
This unit is available in an electric or air driven type and is used

to remove the residue of adhesive or priming material left on the
deck-from other sanders or grinders.
(2) Needle Guns
This equipment is generally air operated and propels a number of

hardened needles on the surface to clean in comers, close to the
bulkheads, in pitted steel with rust or dirt or around obstructions
that cannot be moved.
(3) Knuckle Buster
An air driven piece of equipment that generally has three hardened

pistons that impact on the deck and allows cleaning in close spaces
that other equipment cannot enter.
3. CLEANING THE DECK SURFACE
A. Steel
(1) N ew construction
Steel surface to be prepared by removal of mill scale, rust,

preconstruction primers, oil. grease and other extraneous matter,
as discussed previously.
-63-
Surface should be power cleaned to clean or bright steel. All loose

paint or paint with marginal adhesion must be removed.
Grind welds to bright metal surface, l/l6 inch or less above the steel
deck, or “fair out the welds” using an underlayment.
Shop coat primers should be applied thin, no more than 3’ to 4 mils,

and generally should be mechanically removed before decking is applied.
Thick coatings can lose bond and cause adhesion failure of decking
material.
(2) Rehabilitation Work
(a) Unpainted Decks
Surface must be thoroughly abraded to remove rust and oxidation

prior to installing any decking material.
(b) Painted Decks
Paint to be abraded to clean steel or bright metal.
B. Aluminum and Stainless Steel
(1) New Construction
Remove oxidation, protective oils and other surface debris by

mechanically abrading the surface with a Nylon Sanding Pad or Open
Coat Aluminum Oxide #24 sanding paper and one of the previously
discussed power cleaning systems.
Oils or grease can be removed using the Solvent Cleaning systems

as described in Item 6 “Other Deck Preparation Procedures.”
Caution: Never allow steel and aluminum surfaces to come in direct

contact as an electrolytic action will take place. Always place an
insulating material or a l/8 to l/4 inch application of a troweled
composition material between the steel and aluminum.
(2) Rehabilitation Work
(a) Unprotected Deck
Aluminum decks are seldom left uncovered. In cases where

this occurs, oxidation must be removed by abrading the surface
as recommended previously.
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(b) Painted or Deck Covering
Remove the paint by sanding.
Remove deck covering, adhesive or primer by one of the abrasion

methods previously discussed. Abraded surface to obtain a
profile sufficient to accept new decking system.
4. PRIMER PROTECTIVE COATINGS
A number of protective coatings are in use to reduce oxidation and corrosion

while metal is in storage or during various phases of construction.
While many decking materials will adhere’ to protective coatings, most

manufacturers will not guarantee an installation over these coatings because
of the potential adhesion failure of the coating to the deck or intercoat adhesion
failure between the decking and coating. It is recommended, in most situations,
to remove the protective coating before installing the decking material.
A. Inorganic Zinc
This protective coating is a preconstruction primer that is genreally applied

over steel at the Wheel Abrader or Sand Blast Unit to protect the metal
surface during construction.
The application thickness is most important to assure good adhesion and

maximum corrosion protection. It is generally installed around 0.9 mils
up to 2.5 mils. If applied 3 mils thick, it can lose adhesion, can get powdery
and in some drying conditions small fissure cracks will occur.
If the Inorganic Zinc is applied 3 mils or greater in thickness, the surface

should be re-sand blasted and recoated to the proper thickness. A second
application of Inorganic Zinc must never be applied until the first coat
has been removed by sand blasting.
When small fissures occur, it generally does not interfere with the adhesion
qualities of the primer to the deck.
The Inorganic Zinc Coating can be solvent washed at any time it is required.
Some deck coverings such as Mastic Underlayments and Solid Color
monolithic systems can be installed directly over Inorganic Zinc, provided
it is lightly sanded, but to be safe it is generally best to remove the
protective coating.
If the finished decking is an elastomeric urethane or an epoxy system going

over the soft Inorganic Zinc, the protective primer must be completely
removed down to bright metal. If Inorganic Zinc on the steel is over a
year old, it generally has exceeded its protective life and should be totally
removed.
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B. Zinc Chromate Primer
This primer is also applied prior to construction to protect the steel from
oxidation and corrosion. The material is generally installed 1 to 2 mils thick.
Prior to installing the finished decking, sand the Zinc Chromate Primer
and get as close to bright metal as possible. Trade practice requires the
complete removal of at least 50% down to bright metal, and the part that
remains is considered part of the steel deck. Material is generally sanded
with Open Face, Aluminum Oxide 31/2 Grit Paper.
Finished decking should not be installed on Zinc Chromate Primer less than
6 months old or more than 1 year old. Primer should be removed in both
cases.
C. Navy 150 Primer
The 150 Primer provides very good protection against rust and oxidation.
It can only be applied over steel that has been abraded to bright metal.
Specifications allow the 150 Primer to be installed from 2 to 4 mils thick.

Contractor experience has shown better results are obtained if maximum
thickness does not exceed 3mils.
If 150 Primer is applied over a dirty deck, it will have poor adhesion. If
applied too thick, a false cure can occur and primer will delaminate from
the deck.
If 150 Primer is installed properly, it will have excellent adhesion and many
Specialty Resin Decking Systems can be installed directly over the Primer.
D. Epoxy Primer
Epoxy Primers are generally installed on ship parts during construction

of the ship. Material should be applied 2 to 3 mils thick maximum to bright
metal surface that has been solvent washed. If Epoxy Primer is applied
too thick, the adhesion to the deck will be poor.
Apply only one coat of primer. Multiple Coats and/or “Tie” Coats should
not be used as delamination is possible.
If the Epoxy Primer has been on the deck surface for a year or longer,
it must be removed. If old Epoxy Primer is overlayed with a decking system,
poor adhesion can result.
Primer should dry a minimum of 48 hours before installing the decking-

system. Solvent wash the primer before installing the deck system.
Caution: Some epoxy materials have an oily appearance on the surface.

This is known as an “Amine Blush” and is generally caused by excess curing
agent rising to the top. Remove by sanding or solvent washing before
covering with finished decking.
-66-
E. Red Lead Primer
This Primer is not used very much because OSHA regulations oppose its
use in shipboard construction.
If any surface to receive decking material is primed with Red Lead, remove
primer before installing decking material.
F. Preparation for Aluminum and Stainless Steel
Sand surface thoroughly using a Nylon pad or Open Coat, Aluminum Oxide
resin bonded #24 grit paper.
Install a neoprene chemical bonding system approximately l/8 to l/4 inch

thick or a Neoprene underlayment l/4 inch thick. Apply in a fluid mix and
pass corn broom over the surface to provide a rough profile for better adhesion
by the finished deck material.
In some Wheel Houses the aluminum is very light gauge which creates an
adhesion problem for the decking material. In these areas install both the
neoprene bonding system and the neoprene underlayment to a minimum
thickness of l/4 inch.
5. REMOVAL OF EXISTING DECK COVERING FOR REHABILITATION WORK
A. Resilient Decking Materials
(1) Non-Asbestos Containing Material
Resilient materials are generally removed and not overlayed. These

materials can be removed by using long handled ice scrapers, by heating
material to soften it or with hammer and wide blade chisels.
Adhesive remaining on the deck can be removed by the use of grinding

equipment or in large areas by use of Power Shot Blasting, as discussed
in Section 2.A.(2) of Marine Deck Preparation.
(2) Asbestos Containing Resilient Decking
Vinyl Asbestos Tile, Asphalt Tile and Saturated Asbestos Felt Paper
all contain asbestos and require specially trained personnel and
procedures for removal, and should not be removed by inexperienced
or untrained personnel.
B. Composition Decking Systems
If these systems are tightly adhered to the decking surface, they are often
left in place and new decking, of various types, can be applied over them.
In these situations the surface is cleaned, patched where needed, abraded
and the new deck material installed.
-67-
If the decking material is to be removed, it can be done with the use of

chipping guns, Power Shot Blasting methods or with a hammer and chisel.
Any priming residue that remains can be removed by the use of Power Sanding
or Grinding. Steel should be abraded until it attains a clean steel or bright
metal appearance as may be required for the installation of the new material.
C. Terrazzo and Hard Surface Decking
(1) Terrazzo
If the terrazzo material is tightly bonded to the deck, it can be

rehabilitated by filling in cracks, grouting and regrinding the terrazzo
surface.
If the surface condition is too unsatisfactory to rehabilitate, a new

decking material can be overlayed. The terrazzo surface should be
checked for positive adhesion in all areas. If adhesion is poor in some
minor areas, the terrazzo can be removed, a patching underlayment
installed, the entire surface thoroughly abraded and the new material
installed over the existing terrazzo.
If the terrazzo needs to be removed, use the same methods described

in Section 5. B. “Composition Decking Systems.”
(2) Hard Surface Decking
These systems generally consist of Ceramic Tile and Quarry Tile

decking materials. All surfaces must be thoroughly examined to
be certain tiles are tightly bonded and the setting bed and grout
joints are in an acceptable condition if an overlay is to be installed.
To install an overlay, the tile surfaces must be vigorously abraded

using power sanding or grinding equipment. Remove all grinding
debris and clean surface by solvent washing. Trowel apply an
underlayment to level the tooled joints to the surface of the tiles.
A resilient composition or terrazzo decking system can be installed.
If the Hard Surface Decking material must be removed, use the

methods set forth in Section 5 B “Composition Decking Systems.”
D. Non-Skid Decking
These systems are generally installed on the flight decks of aircraft carriers
and special exterior deck areas where high, non-slip traction is required.
These materials have very high adhesion characteristics and are hard to
abrade because of the hard, coarse aggregate in the formulation. The most
successful removal method is with the use of a Power Shot Blasting machine
that both removes the material and provides a sufficient profile on the
deck for the installation of the new non-skid material.
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The removal can be done in selected areas with new Non-Skid material
being installed on the area that is removed and overlapping the sound area
that was not removed. Where required, the entire Non-Skid installation
can be removed and replaced.
Because of the high rate of corrosion on the cleaned, exterior surface,

the deck should have a primer coat of Non-Skid material applied as quickly
as the Non-Skid material is removed and the deck is properly abraded and
cleaned.
E. Carpeting
Most carpets are installed in the marine industry by the use of special
adhesives which hold the carpet tightly to the deck.
Carpet can be removed by the use of long handled ice scrapers or by hammer
and wide blade chisels. Once the surface is broken, the carpet can generally
be pulled up by hand.
Carpets that are so tightly bonded to the steel deck that they must be removed
by the use of power equipment are generally removed by the use of a Tennant
Machine having many sharp tooth blades that cut the carpet into narrow
strips making it easier to remove.
The remaining adhesive is removed by Power Sanding or Grinding providing

a clean steel or bright metal surface over which the new decking material
is installed.
6. OTHER DECK PREPARATION PROCEDURES
A. Treatment of Welds
When resilient material or carpet is to be installed, the welds must be ground

down l/l6 inch to flush to the deck surface, whichever is stated in the
specifications.
To reduce installation cost, the dirt created by this operation and eliminate
the time involved in grinding, most shipyards “fair the deck welds” with
an application of an approved underlayment l/4 inch thick. It is important
to have sufficient thickness of underlayment over the highest point of the
welds so no visible ridge is seen.
B. Solvent Cleaning of Decks
Sanding dust or residue, oily and dirty surfaces are often cleaned by solvent
wiping. Failure to remove these contaminants can cause adhesion failure
of the finished decking material.
The procedures set forth in the Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC)
Specification SP l-63 “Solvent Cleaning” should be followed.
-69-
The cleaning should be done by the Decking Contractor so cleaning can be

under the same responsibility as the deck installation.
Caution: The rags used must be changed continuously, otherwise the dirty
cloths will contaminate the decks rather than clean them.
Solvents must be selected carefully to avoid leaving a greasy film which

can develop from some petrochemical type solvents.
C. Priming Sub-Decks for Finished Decking Systems
Immediately after the sub-decks have been cleaned, apply the recommended
primer of the decking manufacturer to reduce “flash” rust build up from
occurring.
A cleaned deck should never remain unprimed for longer than overnight
and preferably it should be primed the day the cleaning is completed. If
contractor is not prepared to do the full decking installation, immediately
after deck has been cleaned, a primer, as recommended, should be applied
to provide some protection. Before installing finished decking, install a
second prime coat.
D. Overlaying New Decking on Existing Decking System
If existing decking such as composition decking, terrazzo or hard surface

tile is to be overlayed, the existing decking material should be carefully
checked for adhesion to the subdeck surface. Remove any loose material
and reinstall the tile or fill in the removed area with an approved
underlayment.
Surface should be abraded and/or washed clean with water and a free rinsing
detergent. Allow surface to dry and install decking in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.
7. SAFETY PROCEDURES
Most deck covering materials have some kind of potential safety hazard during
installation and it is the responsibility of the Shipyard and the Contractor Installer
to be fully aware of these hazards and to take the necessary precautions to reduce
and control them.
The Contractor and the Shipyard must maintain a file of Material Safety Data
Sheets on all products being used in a decking installation and these must be
readily available to all working at the job site.
The Contractor and the Shipyard are responsible for compliance with all safety
standards mandated by OSHA, SARA and the Shipyard’s own standards.
Workers employed by the Shipyard and the Contractor must receive training
in the Standards and Safe Practice Work Rules. They must continually be made
-70-
aware of new and changed standards, be aware of any hazardous ingredients in

the products being installed and must be supplied with approved safety equipment.
Materials approved for installation should be from manufacturers who fully comply
with OSHA and SARA Standards. Labels with full warnings are to be placed
on containers and products and workers must be trained on how to read and
understand the warnings on these labels.
Volatile Flammable Solvents
Products such as polyesters, polyurethanes, epoxies, non-skid systems and other

liquid resins often contain volatile and flammable solvents that can cause fires,
explosions and/or toxic vapors that affect the human body.
Adhesive used for resilient flooring materials, carpet, high dielectric strength
flooring and acid resistant flooring also can cause similar hazards.
When installing any of these products, the warnings and safety recommendations
of the manufacturers must be strictly followed. Important cautions to follow:
Forced air ventilation should be provided and warning signs properly posted.
No open flames, welding or smoking when mixing or installing.
Store at recommended temperatures and carefully mix products.
Continuous fire watch for products that require these precautions.
Equipment that must be made available and be put into use by the installers,
where recommended, include
Properly fitted full or half-mask respirators for each installer.
Gloves that prevent chemical penetration into skin of the installers.
Goggles and/or safety glasses.
Insist that workers wear properly fitting, clean clothes.
Action in case of spills
Quickly flush with water any portion of skin or body contacted by chemical
and seek medical attention, if necessary.
Drink plenty of water if any chemical is ingested and obtain medical attention.
Follow Material Safety Data Sheet recommendations for cleaning up spills.
-71-
UNDERLAYMENT MATERIAL
LATEX MASTIC UNDERLAYMENT
T Y P E I . . . LIGHTWEIGHT SYSTEM
1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
This underlayment consists of a mixture of inorganic powders and latex or neoprene

resin binders where a lightweight underlayment is required. Applied by trowel
generally from l/8 to l/2 inch thick over properly prepared deck surface. If
installed thicker, longer drying time is required before installing finished decking.
This underlayment is used to fill in low or depressed areas, to pitch to drains

or scuppers, to fair welding seams, under most decking material and particularly
hard surface decking such as ceramic tile, quarry tile and terrazzo.
2. FEATURES
Lightweight - good adhesive strength - fire retardant

Oil, moisture and corrosion resistant
Install over steel and aluminum decks, provides impact and indentation resistance
Compatible with all finish decking systems.
3. SPECIFICATION REFERENCE
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION 59-MA - 6 Type I
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-3135 Type I, Class 1
Note: Specifications listed are a reference for products in

this Section but are not necessarily binding for all types
of ships or drill rigs and are subject to change.
4. TRADE NAMES AND MANUFACTURERS
TRADE NAME MANUFACTURER
Foranaft Selby, Battersby & Co.

Monoprene Weatherguard/Marbleloid
Subkote #l Crossfield Products Corporation
Note: Organizations listed are representative but not necessarily

a total list of manufacturers of product discussed herein
nor does listing affirm that they are approved on
specifications referenced.
-72-
Underlayment...Latex Mastic I (continued)
5. AREAS OF GENERAL USE
As a general underlayment.
Weight critical ships, wet spaces and under ceramic and quarry tile, terrazzo
and carpet.
In Pilot house areas with flexible decks, use neoprene type system only.
As a bonding agent for magnesium oxychloride cement systems over steel and
aluminum decks.
Provides excellent affinity for adhesives and resins deck systems.
6. LIMITATIONS OF USE
On aluminum decks, only the neoprene resin system should be used.

Thicknesses over l/2 inch should be on rigid sub deck surface only.
Do not use when a hard underlayment is required.
Do not use thick application where time limitations restrict longer drying period.
7. COST COEFFICIENT 1.23
Note: See Section on Cost Coefficients for explanation of use.
8. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Weight - Not to exceed 13/4 pounds per square foot at 1/4 inch thickness.
Adhesion Strength - a minimum of 100 pounds per square inch, by shear test,
after aging 96 hours.
Indentation - Residual indentation of a 96 hour old sample, after load has been
removed a minimum of two hours, shall not exceed 35%.
Moisture Absorption - Maximum of 5% moisture absorption, by weight.
Oil Resistance - Maximum of 6.5% absorption, by weight.
Fire Resistance - Char length, ignition and combustion must conform to fire
test requirements of MIL-STD-1623.
Impact Resistance - Two 8 foot drops of 2 pound steel ball produces maximum
of 1/8 inch permanent indentation and no chipping, cracking
or loss of adhesion.
Corrosion Resistance - After 15 day salt immersion test no corrosion of steel
deck, except that caused by latex or neoprene resin during
setting period.
The Manufacturer's application instructions must be strictly followed,
-73-
Underlayment ...Latex Mastic I (continued)
General Application Steps include:
A. Preparation
Follow instructions under DECK PREPARATION as contained in this Manual.
B. Prime Coat
Pour prime coat powder into emulsion or resin and mix to creamy consistency,
then apply to deck with brush or dauber.
C. Thickness Coat
Install mixed materials into wet prime coat
Pour powders into liquid as recommended. Mix mechanically and apply by

trowel to thickness required.
D. Optional Step
If smoother surface is desired trowel thin grout coat as in prime coat mix.
Surface can be lightly sanded when dry.
Allow 15 to 20 hours drying before installing finished decking. If conditions

are damp or applied thicker than 1/2 inch, allow 2 or more days drying time.
10. CAUTIONARY NOTES
Powder mixture is light and must be mixed with caution.
On aluminum decks use a neoprene resin prime and thickness coats.
Neoprene or latex types can be installed thicker than 1/2 inch on rigid sub-decks
provided it is installed in thin, multiple steps to eliminate surface skinning.
Air flow can cause shrinkage cracks which can be filled with grout coat.
If any cracks appear after 7 days check adhesion to decking.
11. MAINTENANCE
Underlayments do not require a maintenance program.
12. WARRANTY
Decking contractor, haying installed product in accordance with manufacturer’s

instruction, is to provide a guarantee on material and workmanship for one
year from completion of installation.
13. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Construction Details are included in each Section, where applicable.
-74-
LATEX MASTIC UNDERLAYMENT, TYPE I
LIGHTWEIGHT SYSTEM
LATEX MASTIC UNDERLAYMENT - TYPE II
I. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
A multi-purpose underlayment, light in weight, and widely used in Marine decking

installations. Material consists of a latex binder and inorganic powders mixed to
a mortar consistency and applied by trowel from a feather edge to approximately
¼ inch thick in most installations. Thicker installations can be made.
Used to fill in low or depressed areas, to fair welds; to create pitch in deck and
ramping and generally to prepare surface to receive the finished decking material.
Wide range of applications make this a much used underlayment.
2. FEATURES
Light to medium weight, excellent adhesion and easy to trowel;

Fire retardant, oil and moisture resistant with high impact resistance.
Produces excellent surface for resilient and resin decking systems.
Can be applied over steel and aluminum.
Drying time can be varied to allow for “fast turnaround” repairs.
Where allowed surface can be sanded - or troweled smooth if sanding unacceptable.
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION 59-MA-6 Type 1, Class 2
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-3l35 Type II

Trade Name Manufacturer

Levelite Selby, Battersby & Co.
Quik-Set Crossfield Products Corp.
Subkote 222 Crossfield Products Corp.
U-20 Westpac Products Co.
U.D. - 201 - L Negwit Products

-76-
Underlayment... Latex Mastic II (continued)
Level decks, pitch to drains and scuppers, for ramping, fairing weld seams and
to smooth off lapped deck plates.
Widely used under resilient materials, carpet and resin decking systems.
Can be troweled from a feather edge to thickness as much as one inch or more.
Can be used to form cove base on bulkheads.
Not recommended as a finished decking material.

Has good water resistance but generally not used in showers or wet spaces.
When installed over aluminum decks a special bond coat is required.
Generally not installed over thin, flexible decking, such as in pilot houses.
Weight - Not to exceed 2.5 pounds per square foot 1/4 inch thick.
Adhesive strength - A minimum of 100 pounds per square foot, by shear test,
Indentation - Residual indentation of a 96 hours old sample, two hours after
load has been removed, shall not exceed 35%.
Moisture Absorption - Maximum of 5% absorption, by weight.
Oil Resistance - Maximum absorption of 6.5%, by weight.
Fire Resistance - Char length, ignition and combustion must conform to fire test
requirements of MIL-STD-1623.
permanent indentation of 1/16 inch, with no chipping, cracking
or loss of adhesion to steel plate.
Corrosion Resistance - After 15 day salt immersion test no corrosion of steel deck,
except that caused by latex resin during setting period.
The Manufacturer’s application instructions must be strictly followed.
General application steps include:
A. Preparation
-77-
Underlayment...Latex Mastic II (continued)
B. Prime Coat
Over steel - if underlayment is to be sanded smooth, apply fluid, slurry coat

of emulsion and power.
- where sanding is not permitted, apply flexible bonding coat and
then a drier mixture of emulsion and power.
Over aluminum - apply flexible bonding coat, as recommended.
C. Body Coat
Install into wet slurry coat, or if flexible bonding coat is installed apply body
coat into it after it dries.
Pour powders into emulsion in recommended proportions, mix mechanically

until a uniform blend is obtained and apply by a tight trowelling to thickness
required.
For underlayment systems that are faster drying or with higher strengths,
contact manufacturer.
Allow underlayment to dry about 16 hours before installing finished decking.

If conditions are damp or if underlayment is installed thick, additional dry
time might be required.
Where possible, avoid air flowing over surface while wet as it can cause erratic
curing.
When installing trowel applied polymeric resin decking systems, it is advisable

to allow several days drying so moisture can be released.
Do not allow latex resin to freeze or to allow room temperature to go below 50o F.
during installation.
Use recommended flexible priming system over aluminum and flexible decking
materials.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Decking contractor, having installed product in accordance with manufacturer’s

instruction, is to provide a guarantee on material and workmanship for one year
from completion of installation.
-78-
Underlayment...Latex Mastic II (continued)
13. - CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

MAGNESIUM OXYCHLORIDE CEMENT SCRATCH UNDERLAYMENT
This system is a blend of magnesium oxide, inert fillers and gauging solution of
magnesium chloride, which forms a mortar mixture that is trowel applied to the
specified thickness.
Completed installation produces a monolithic underlayment for use on decks or

on bulkheads to form a cove base. Product is used as an underlayment for finished
oxychloride cement products, resilient tile, carpet and similar decking materials.
2. FEATURES
Fireproof, good compressive strength and vermin resistant.

Levels up warped decks and decks with low spots.
Can more easily be installed to a thicker depth than most underlayments.
Provides excellent surface for most finished decking systems.
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION 59 - MA - 2C
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-16680
Note: Specifications listed are a reference for products

in this Section but are not necessarily binding for
all types of ships or drill rigs and are subject to change.

Asbestolith Asbestolith Mfg. Corp.
Fibretuff #5 Fraser-Edwards Company
Kompolite Weatherguard/Marbleloid Products, Inc.
Loralite Williard Marine Decking, Inc.
Selbalith Scratch Selby, Battersby & Co.
Note: Organizations listed are representative but not

necessarily a total list of manufacturers of product
discussed herein nor does listing affirm that they
are approved on specifications referenced.
-8O-
Underlayment ...Magnesite (continued)
As an underlayment for oxychloride cement installations.

Where a fireproof decking system is required.
Underlayment for resilient material, carpet and many mastic decking systems.
Cost savings where a thick underlayment is required.
Material-is hygroscopic and must not be installed in showers or other wet space,
nor be exposed to acids.
Material withstands intermittent wettings.
For interior decking spaces only.
Do not let material come in direct contact with aluminum or steel as an electrolitic
reaction will occur. An insulated bonding coat must be installed first.
Minimum thickness 1/2 to 5/8 inches.
For successful adhesion must be installed over a chemical bonding agent or

mechanical fastening system.
Weight - Not to exceed 2.5 pounds per square foot per 1/4 inch thickness.
Indentation - Residual indentation of a 96 hour old sample, after load has been
removed for two hours, shall not exceed 3%.
Moisture Absorption - Not to exceed 8% by weight.
Fire Resistance - Must have minimum rating of fire retardant when tested in
accordance with MIL-STD-1623.
Impact Resistance - Maximum permanent indentation of 1/16 inch and no chipping,
cracking or loss of adhesion.
9. APPLICATION METHOD
The Manufacturer’s Application Instructions must be strictly followed.
-81-
Underlayment... Magnesite (continued)
A. Preparation
B. Bonding Medium
For thickness under 1 inch

(1) Tack weld 3” x 8” x 13 gauge expanded metal to steel deck with welds
9 inches in one direction and 8 inches in the other. Apply anticorrosive
coating. Used for thicknesses of 3/4 to 1 inch.
(2) In lieu of expanded metal, trowel 1/8 inch thick bonding coat, such as
Selbagrip by Selby, Battersby & Co. or Magnabond by Crossfield Products
Corp., or equal, over properly prepared deck. Surface to be rough for
good adhesion of underlayment.
For thickness over 1 inch

(1) Weld 5” x 1” x 1/16” thick steel, unpainted “Butterfly” deck clips, 12 to
15 inches on center, and protect with anticorrosive coating. Each clip
weighs approximately 0.13 pounds.
C. Corrision and electrolitic protection

On steel decks apply 2 coats of anticorrosive coating, such as komul, bituminous
enamel or equal.
If this product is in contact with aluminum decks or bulkheads, apply a full

coat of a troweled, neoprene type, bonding coat to prevent electrolitic reaction
between chloride salt and aluminum.
D. Scratch Body Coat
Mix magnesite powder with correct baume density magnesium chloride gauging
solution to proper slump consistency. Spread mixed material with a trowel
and darby to proper thickness, and allow to set. Finish with tight steel
troweling to produce smooth surface for finished decking or finish surface
rough using a darby with nails in it or a garden rake if a magnesium oxychloride
finished decking is to be installed.
Allow overnight drying if finished decking is to be magnesium oxychloride

type.
Allow 7 days drying if finished decking is resilient material, carpet or similar

decking products.
In some installations a white salt “bloom” appears on surface. It can generally

be removed with clean water or a free rinsing detergent and a scrubbing
machine with a steel wool pad.
-82-
Underlayment...Magnesite (continued)
Temperature and humidity have a direct effect on the initial set and drying time.
Air currents can cause erratic curing and fissure cracks in the surface.
Use only magnesium chloride mixed with fresh water for gauging liquid. Mix
solution the day before using to allow for heat dissipation.
Never install in direct contact with aluminum - always install neoprene bonding
coat.
Never install in direct contact with steel - always apply a full coat of an
anticorrosive coating.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY


POLYMERIC RESIN UNDERLAYMENT
A polymeric resin underlayment, trowel applied to required thickness, which

is generally ¼ inch. It consists of an epoxy resin, curing agent and graded
aggregates.
This product is usually installed as an underlayment in areas where a polymeric

resin finished deck system is to be installed. This underlayment eliminates the
5 to 6 day drying period required to release the water portion of a latex
underlayment.
Use to level decks, fair weld seams, pitch to drains and smooth lapped deck plates.
2. FEATURES
Contains no water which could interfere with curing of polymeric resin deck
systems.
Excellent adhesion, high in compressive, tensile and flexural strengths.
High resistance to oil, grease, corrosion and many chemicals.
Can be used in wet and dry spaces.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-3135 Type I Class 2

this Section but are not necessarily binding for all
types of ships or drill rigs and are subject to change.

Epoxy Underlay Selby, Battersby & Co.
U-20 Epoxy Underlay American Abrasive Metals Co.
UD - 301 Negwit Products, Inc.

discussed herein nor does listing affirm that they are
approved on specifications referenced.
-84-
Underlayment... Polymeric Resin (continued)
As an underlayment for terrazzo, decorative or solid color polymeric resin finished

decking.
Wet and dry spaces.
To level decks, pitch to drains, fairing welds and similar underlayment application.
Install from feather edge to any needed thickness.
Polymeric resin underlayments are considerably more expensive than latex mastic
underlayments and generally used only under polymeric resin finished decking.
Do not install in areas where deck temperatures exceed 150° F as system will
soften.
System too rigid to install on thin, flexible decks.
Do not install if deck temperature drops below 50° F.
Weight - Not to exceed 2.5 pounds per square foot to ¼ inch thickness.
Adhesive Strength - A minimum of 200 pounds per square inch, by shear test,
Indentation - Residual indentation of a 96 hours old sample, two hours after
load has been removed, shall not exceed 2%.
Moisture Absorption - Maximum of 2%, by weight.
Oil Resistance - Maximum of 3%, by weight.
Fire Resistance - Char length, ignition and combustion must conform to fire
test requirements of MIL-STD-1623.
of 1/16 inch permanent indentation and no chipping, cracking
or loss of adhesion.
Corrosion Resistance - After 15 day salt immersion test steel deck to show no
signs of corrosion or detachment from the deck.
-85-
Underlayment...Polymeric Resin (continued)
A. Preparation
B. Prime Coat
Pour curing agent into polymeric resin liquid. Mix with mechanical mixer
the required time to obtain a uniform consistency.
Apply to deck with steel trowel or squeege, being certain to cover the entire
area. Body coat is to be troweled into the wet prime coat to provide good
intercoat adhesion.
An optional priming system is to sprinkle 45 mesh silica sand into wet primer
and allow overnight curing. This provides a “rough” surface which keeps
body coat from slipping while troweling.
C. Body Coat
Pour recommended quantity of curing agent into resin and mechically mix
until a uniform consistency is obtained. Pour properly graded powder into
mixed resin and curing agent and mechanically mix until the powders are
thoroughly wet.
Trowel tightly into place to required thickness. Allow overnight curing

when deck temperature is 70° F, longer when temperature is lower. When
cured it is ready for installation of finished decking material.
Do not mix resin and curing agent until just prior to installation.
Store material in areas where temperature will remain between 50° and 90° F.
Once resin, curing agent and powders have been thoroughly mixed, dump out
of container onto the deck to reduce heat buildup in mixture caused by confined
space of mixing container.
Keep mixed epoxy from coming into contact with water during troweling and
curing.
If any of the polymeric materials contain solvents, eliminate any open flames,
provide ventilation, ban any food from the area and use only sparkproof
equipment.
-86-
Underlayment...Polymeric Resin (continued)
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY


INSULATION DECKING
DECK TOP INSULATION - TYPE I
A trowel applied magnesium oxychloride cement deck system with built-in

thermal insulating qualities and capable of meeting all the quality standards
for an A-60 fire rated deck.
Material is applied to the minimum thickness required for the A-60 rating but
can be installed as thick as necessary to provide the insulating qualities required.
It is generally installed l-3/16 inch thick or thicker.
Designed to insulate living quarters over hot spaces or those exposed to weather
conditions, either very cold or very hot.
Product must be asbestos free. It is an underlayment material which is capable

of being covered with all types of finished decking materials.
By installing this sytem on the deck, it permits free accessibility to electrical,

water, steam and other service lines attached below the deck.
2. FEATURES
Provides insulating qualities to make space above very hot or cold areas habitable.
Provides highest fire safety protection afforded by an A-60 decking system.
An underlayment capable of being covered by a finished decking material and

leveling uneven decks.
United States Coast Guard Specification 164.006 for an A-60 Fire Rated Deck.
International Marine Organization - Resolution A.214 (VII)
U. S. Department of Defense MIL-D-23134A

all types of ships or drill rigs and are subject to
change.
Selbalith 7K Selby, Battersby & Co.

Insulite II E. H. O’Neill Company,
Incorporated

-88-
Insulation...Type I (continued)
Over engine rooms.
Over bulk fuel tanks.
Over boiler rooms.
Over radar and electronic space.
In off-shore rig living quarters exposed to weather conditions.
Do not use as a finished decking material.
Do not let material come in direct contact with aluminum or steel as an

electrolitic reaction will occur. An insulating bonding coat must be installed
first.
Material is hygroscopic and must not be installed in wet spaces unless a

waterproof membrane is installed on top and turned up the bulkhead.
Generally not installed on an exterior deck.
Weight - Not to exceed 4.4 pounds per square foot for 1 inch thickness.
Bond Strength - Not less than 50 pounds per square inch in sheer strength.
Fire Resistance - A-60 rated deck.
Thermal Conductivity - Less than 1 British thermal unit per square foot, per
hour, per degree Fahrenheit, for 1 inch thick at a mean
temperature of 75 F., “K” factor to be 0.70, or lower,
at 1 inch.
Water Absorption - Not to absorb more than 20% by weight after 24 hour
immersion test.
Indentation - Less than 4.5 percent of actual thickness of installed material.
Impact Resistance - Not to exceed 1/8 inch after two drops from 8 feet height
of 2 pound steel ball with no chipping, cracking or loss
of bond.
-89-
General Application steps include:
A. Preparation
Follow instructions under DECK PREPARATION as contained in this

- Manual.
B. Bond and/or anti-corrosive coating
1. Steel decks
(a) Butterfly clips are welded 9 to 12 inches on center and 2 inches

in from bulkhead, in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions;
Apply two full coats of anti-corrosive coating, similar to product

Komul, over the deck and the butterfly clips.
(b) Install neoprene bonding system over steel deck and pass a corn
broom to provide a texture surface, in accordance with
2. Aluminum decks
Install neoprene bonding system, as stated in 1 (b).
C. Body coat
Mix deck top insulation powder with the premixed magnesium chloride
gauging solution so mixed material has a slump of 1/2 a bucket.
Apply mixed material to deck using a darby and when proper set occurs,
finish with a steel trowel, at the thickness specified.
If finished decking is to be resilient tile, carpet or resin flooring, surface

is to be troweled smooth.
If finished decking is to be a magnesite material, the surface is to be

left rough, per manufacturer’s instructions, for intercoat adhesion.
Surface to be primed, as recommended by manufacturer, prior to

installing the finished decking.
-90-
Always use a neoprene bonding coat when installing over aluminum.
Always use a full coat of an anticorrosive coating when coming in contact

with steel deck.
11. MAINTENANCE
Manufacturer’s Maintenance Instructions to be followed.
12. WARRANTY


INSULATION DECKING
DECK TOP INSULATION - TYPE II
This insulated decking system provides the lowest “K” factors and thereby the
highest thermal insulating capabilities of any current decking material, thereby
providing temperature comfort to those working and living in these areas.
By installing this system on the deck it permits free accessibility to electrical

water, steam and other service lines attached below the deck. It stops heat
transfer through the deck, beams and stiffeners exposed on the underside of
the deck.
This system consists of a 1 inch thick calcium silica insulating block and 3/4
inch of magnesium oxychloride cement. that provides insulating qualities with
a “K” factor of 0.22 BTU/square foot/hour/ F.
2. FEATURES
A very low thermal coefficient - K factor of 0.22.
Incombustible
Best insulating decking system.
Non-toxic.
No current specification reference.
Deck-top Insulation
with insulating block Selby, Battersby & Co.
Note: Organizations listed are representative

but not necessarily a total list of
manufacturers of product discussed
herein nor does listing affirm that
they are approved on specifications
referenced.
-92-
Insulation...Type II (continued)
Over boiler rooms.
Over engine rooms.
Over bulk fuel tanks.
Over radar and electronic spaces.
Do not use as a finished decking material.
System is more labor intensive than troweled insulating system.
Weight is high at 10 pounds per square foot 1-3/4 inches thick.
Minimal thickness is 1-3/4 inches.
Generally not installed on an exterior deck.
Weight - 10 pounds per square foot 1-3/4” thick
Fire Rating - Incombustible
Toxicity - Non-toxic
“K” Factor - Shall not exceed 1.00 B.T.U., per square foot, per hour per degree
Fahrenheit for one inch thick at mean temperature of 75° F.
A. Preparation

Manual.
-93-
B. Installing insulating block
1. Weld steel insulating pins to steel deck starting 3 inches in from

bulkhead and placed 6 inches in one direction and 12 inches in the
other.
2. Apply by brush, two coats of anti-corrosive coating, komul or similar,

to deck and pins.
3. Lay calcium silica block between the pins.
4. Lay 15 pound saturated felt over the block with the pins penetrating
the felt. Overlap each sheet 3 inches.
5. Lay 3.4 pound, galvanized metal lath over the pins. Place steel
washers coated with anti-corrosive coating over the pins. Bend
pins to lock galvanized lath into place.
C. Body coat
1. Mix previously made-up magnesium chloride gauging solution with

insulating powder. Trowelable mix should have a slump one-half
the height of a bucket.
2. Spread mix into galvanized lath and to a thickness of 3/4 inch using
a darby and then a steel trowel. Install in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations.
D. Finish Decking
1. After insulating decking material has dried sufficiently install finished

decking selected.
Be certain steel pins are properly welded to the deck starting 3 inches from
bulkhead and 6 to 12 inches apart.
Apply anti-corrosive coating on steel deck and steel pins.
Use 3.4 pound, galvanized metal lath.
In mixing gauging liquid for the magnesite material use only magnesium chloride
and fresh water. Never use sea water.
11. MAINTENANCE
As an underlayment no maintenance is generally required.
-94-
12. WARRANTY
Decking contractor, having insalled product in accordance with manufacturer’s


AMMUNITION MAGNESITE
A magnesium oxychloride cement system that is non-spark and fire retardant.

It is-designed for installing between the steel channels in the cargo ammunition
hold.
It has sufficient strength to withstand forklift truck loading and produces a

smooth surface thereby eliminating jolts that could dislodge load from forklift
trucks.
This product weighs 10 pounds per square foot at 2 inch thickness, 60% lighter
than Latex Concrete, which is excellent for weight critical areas. Material
is normally installed 1-1/4 to 2 inches thick.
Meets all standards of previously active specification MIL-D-18873.
2. FEATURES
Non-spark.
Fire retardant.
Light in weight (10 pounds, per square foot, per 2 inches thick).
Non-toxic.
Withstands driving of 8 penny nails without chipping, cracking or loss of bond.
3. SPECIFICATION REFERENCE.
No specification currently in effect.
Nailable Selbalith Selby, Battersby & Co.

manufacturers of product discussed herein
nor does listing affirm that they are approved
on specifications referenced.’
-96-
Ammo Magnesite (continued)
Cargo areas of ammunition holds between steel channels.
Do not apply directly over aluminum or other white metals.
Steel must be coated with anti-corrosive compound to prevent salts in magnesite

from causing corrosion of steel.
Weight - 10 pounds, per square foot, 2 inches thick.
Indentation - Maximum of 1/8 inch when 2 pound steel ball is dropped 8 feet,
with a minimum of two drops.
Indentation - Maximum of 1.5 percent of thickness when subjected to a load

of 2000 pounds for 30 minutes over a 1 inch square indenting face.
Oil Resistance - Maximum absorption of 10 percent by weight in 24 hour immersion

test.
Water Absorption - Maximum absorption of 12 percent by weight in 24 hour

immersion test.
Fire Resistance - Fire retardant.
Toxicity - Non-toxic.
Non-slip Properties - When tested in accordance with MIL-D-18873 the deck

covering must exhibit a factor of friction equal to or
higher than those shown.
Static Friction Sliding Friction
Wet Oily Wet Oily
Leather 0.3 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.3
-97-
A. Preparation

Manual.
B. Bonding System
Select one of these bonding systems:
1. Butterfly clips for application thicknesses over 1 inch weld clips

9 to 12 inches on center. Apply two coats of anti-corrosive
compound, such as Komul anti-corrosive coating, on steel deck
and butterfly clips.
2. Metal lath for application thicknesses less than 1 inch thickness

weld 3” x 8” x 13 gauge metal lath, 9 inches in one direction and
8” in the other. Apply two coats of anti-corrosive compound, such
as Komul anti-corrosive coating, on steel deck and metal lath.
3. For flexible deck apply a troweled bonding agent. Apply with trowel,
1/8 to 1/4 inch thick, a neoprene bonding agent and pass corn broom
while wet to roughen surface.
C. Body Coat
Mix magnesite compo and magnesium chloride gauging solution to

a slump of 1/2 height of the bucket.
Install with a trowel between channels making certain material does

not come out of the channels. When material takes initial set steel
trowel surface to a flat, smooth finish.
D. Sealer
One day after material sets apply two coats of an oil base sealer,
a day apart, using short nap roller.
Do not install in direct contact with aluminum or any other white metal.
Do not let material come out of the channels and contact aluminum “tie-downs”
used to secure cargo.
-98-
Use only magnesium chloride for gauging solution.
Do not use sea water to mix gauging solution.
Do not wash deck until it is two weeks old or older.
Make certain arms of butterfly clips are up off deck so material “locks” under
the arms for positive adhesion.
Always install anti-corrosive coating over steel decks.
Il. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY


LATEX CONCRETE
Latex Concrete is a non-spark, fire retardant decking material that can be

installed over aluminum or steel between the channels in the cargo ammunition
holds.
It produces a smooth surface that makes it excellent for forklift truck loading
areas. It is generally installed 1-114 to 2 inches thick.
Latex Concrete can also be used in other areas where deep fills are required
and where non-spark qualities are needed, such as reefer boxes.
2. FEATURES
Non-spark.
Fire retardant.
No electrolytic reaction with aluminum channels.
Can be installed over aluminum and steel.
Non-toxic material.
U.S. Department of Defense MIL-D-21631

A-70 Deck Crossfield Products
Latex 12 Selby, Battersby & Co.

necessary a total list of manufacturers of product
Cargo ammunition holds, between aluminum or steel channels.
Can be used in reefer boxes and forklift truck loading areas.

Latex Concrete (continued)
Never install in freezing temperatures.
High humidity and low temperatures increase drying time.
Weight can limit its use in other than cargo ammunition holds.
Note: See Section on Cost Coefficients for Explanation of Use
Weight - 24.5 pounds per square foot at 2 inch thickness.
Indentation - Not to exceed 1.5 percent of thickness under 2000 pound load
for 30 minutes.
Impact Resistance - Maximum of 1/8 inch after two impacts of 7-3/4 pound
steel ball dropped from height of 8 feet.
Fire resistance - Shall be rated fire retardant when tested in accordance with
MIL-STD-1623.
Spark Resistance - No sparking shall be noted when surface is abraded with

a rotating wire wheel or when struck angular blows with
a steel hammer.
Moisture Absorption - After 24 hours immersion in water material shall gain

no more than 2 percent by weight.
Oil Absorption - After 24 hours immersion in SAE 10W oil material shall gain
no more than 2 percent by weight.

Dry Wet Oily Dry Wet Oily
Leather 0.3 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.6 0.25 0.6 0.6 0.3
-101-
A. Preparation
B. Prime Coat
There are several options available:
1. Prime with latex and powder - apply thin to wet surface.
2. Install 2” x 2” x 10 gauge steel mesh in steel holds to reduce surface

fissures often experienced in drying of thick applications.
Apply latex and powder slurry coat to wet surface.
3. Neoprene Bond Coat should be applied to deck when installing in open

areas.
C. Body Coat
Mix latex emulsion and powders to trowelable consistency. Apply by steel

trowel to thickness required.
D. Grout Coat
The normal drying of applications of this thickness can cause shrinkage

fissures. Grout these fissures using Portland Cement (4 parts) and Latex
Emulsion (1 part) by volume.
Remove mill scale, oil, grease, rust or other matter so surface is clean.
If deck material is quite flexible, use neoprene bonding agent to assure good
adhesion.
Do not apply in freezing temperatures.
Grout any fissure cracks that occur.
11. MAINTENANCE
-102-
12. WARRANTY


BONDING AGENT
BONDING AGENT FOR MAGNESIUM OXYCHLORIDE CEMENT
A latex or emulsion system with inorganic powders that is trowel applied to the
deck to provide a bonding medium for all magnesium oxychloride cement systems.
System can also be used to bond other trowel applied decking systems and to bond
concrete materials.
This system provides excellent adhesion over entire surface as compared to spot
adhesion provided by clips and other mechanical fasteners.
2. FEATURES
Excellent adhesion to steel decks.
Provides excellent bond for magnesium oxychloride cement systems.
Easy to install.
Product a component of other approved systems, such as MIL-D 16680 Deck Covering
Magnesia Aggregate Mixture.

change.
Dex-0-Tex Magnabond #3 Crossfield Products Corp.

Selbagrip Selby, Battersby & Co.

As a priming system used under magnesium oxychloride cement decking systems.
As a primer for other resin systems especially when being installed over flexible
decks.
-104-
Bonding Agent (continued)
When finished decking is thicker than 1 inch, a different bonding medium is

recommended.
7. COST COEFFICIENT - Included in finished decking 0.52
Thickness 3/32 to 1/8 inch
Adhesive Strength A minimum of 100 psi.
The Manufacturer’s application Instructions must be strictly followed.
A. Preparation
B. Body Coat
Mix resin or emulsion with inorganic powders to proportion recommended

by manufacturer. Use a drill and paddle and blend until powders are fully
wet out.
Apply with a steel trowel to approximately 3/32 inch thick and making
certain entire deck area is fully covered. Immediately after troweling,
and while mix is still wet, pass a corn broom over surface to produce furrows
that provide adhesion for finished decking material.
Do not install when deck temperature is below 55° F.
Install masking tape on partitions, fixtures and other areas not to receive the
material.
Never add water to emulsion or resin material.
Allow a minimum of overnight drying before applying magnesite or any other

deck material.
-105-
Bonding Agent (continued)
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY


FLOATING DECK SYSTEM...FOR SOUND DEADENING
METAL CLAD SYSTEM
The increased noise levels and vibration sounds on ships and drill rigs caused
by high speed diesel engines, rig drilling equipment, high speed propeller shafts
and other machinery have risen to heights considered unsafe for certain ship
and rig personnel. The International Marine community has instigated studies
to correct these problems and progress has been made. This Section covers
floating deck systems which provides noise reduction, making areas safer from
sound damage to ship personnel.
While recommended noise levels by the International Maritime Organization

vary from space to space, the general range desired would be in the 70 to 85 dB
range for new vessels over 1600 gross tons. A floating deck system alone cannot
accomplish these levels but when combined with other sound deadening changes,
it will be a factor to help reach those goals.
The floating deck systems isolate the accommodation areas from the ships’
structural members and reduce both airborne and structural borne sound. The
reduction of noise levels reduces fatigue, hearing loss and generally promotes
higher levels of crew efficiency.
Floating deck systems are generally composed of an insulating material such

as mineral wool that are laid loose on the structural deck and thereby isolate
the deck from the structure. They generally have a metal cladding that allows
bulkheads and furniture to be fastened to them. Deck systems are generally
designed to provide an A-60 deck fire rating. Some decks with modifications
can be reduced to an A-30 or A-O as required for special spaces.
2. FEATURES
A-60 deck fire rating and approvals by recognized Maritime organizations.
Provides sound reduction index of 40 dB or higher.
Resists warping, shrinking, swelling and cracking.
Metal must be of sufficient strength to be able to be tack welded.
Deck system strong enough to carry weight of bulkheads, fittings and furniture.
Resists dilute acids and alkalis.
Does not harbor insects, vermin or mold growth.
-107-
Sound Deadening...Metal Clad (continued)
A-60 Deck Fire Test - in accordance with International Convention of Safety

of Life at Sea 1974 Chapter II-2, Part A, Regulation
International Maritime Organization or other
internationally recognized testing agency.
Asahi Marilite SR-F Ask Corporation

Tokyo, Japan
BIP Accommodation Panel System BU-IL Industries Co., Ltd.

Kyungnam, Korea
Isolamin Floating Floor Panel Isolamin-Ecomax AB

FF 73 and FF 53 Sweden
Akerpanel F-470 Floating Floor Norac Company

Arendal, Norway

Can be used in most areas of ship or rig but find widest use in greatest noise
areas, such as
- over engine rooms

- over machinery spaces
- over areas with high volume thrusters
- in tug boats where noise levels are very high.
These systems increase cost of building the ship, add 6 to 8 pounds per square
foot in weight and are time consuming to install.
Generally not used in wet spaces.
Generally not used in high level decks or in spaces not over noisy operation.
Do not use in areas where tack welding is not permitted.
Do not use where weight is prohibitive, such as in weight critical ships.
In odd shaped areas fitting tight against the bulkhead may present an installation
problem.
-108-
Weight - 2 inch system 5.5 to 6.5 pounds per square foot

3 inch system 7 to 7.50 pounds per square foot
Fire Resistance - Qualify as an A-60 deck when test by qualified certification

group in accordance with international Convention of Safety
of Life at Sea - 1974, Chapter II-2, Part A, Regulation 3(c).
Sound Reduction Index - 44 dB
Sound Insulation Index (Ia) - 47 dB
Density of Mineral Wool - 10 pounds per cubic foot or higher.
The Manufacturer's Application Instructions must be strictly followed.
A. Preparation
If deck has low spots or pitched in wrong direction, apply Type II or Type I
Latex Mastic Underlayment.
B. Floating Deck Units
Units generally consist of 1 to 2 courses of mineral wool 2 to 3 inches thick,

with densities of 10 to 12.5 pounds per cubic foot and in sizes of approximately
2 feet wide up to 90 inches long.
Most units are metal clad with cold rolled, galvanized or aluminum sheathing
3/32 to 1/8 inch thick.
Cut panel to completely cover entire area. Install in brick layer or staggered
pattern. Tack weld metal panels to each other about every 20 to 25 inches.
If two layers of mineral wool are used, seams are offset eliminating joint
paths which allow passage of sound and heat. If any joint occurs at bulkhead,
caulk with elastic caulking material.
If any projection occurs through the deck, install a metal sleeve and work
floating deck units around it. Pack sleeve with mineral wool or Class A
insulation. Install a rubber seal at top of packing and caulk any open areas
at deck juncture with elastic caulk material.
-109-
C. Bulkhead and Furniture
Install “U” channel to floating deck with self tapping screws, or by tack
welding if metal cladding is strong enough, and erect non-structural bulkhead
system in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction.
Furniture and fitting can be attached to deck using self tapping screws.
D. Finished Decking
Install finish decking such as carpet, sheet vinyl, vinyl composition tiles,
parquet wood flooring or trowel applied decking system to the metal cladding.
Follow recommended deck preparation and installation instructions of the
decking manufacturer.
At uninsulated, exterior bulkheads build a 3 inch wide gutter of mild steel

to catch and remove condensation and prevent water from penetrating the
system. Where this is done, be certain to install the mineral wool on the
underside of the structural deck directly under the deck gutter and down the
exterior bulkhead a minimum length of 15 inches in each direction to retain
“rated” deck approval.
At interior bulkheads fit material right to bulkhead and apply a bead of elastic
caulking material at the juncture of the bulkhead and floating deck material.
Isolate system at exterior bulkheads by installing elastomeric caulking.
If very heavy equipment is to be installed, such as captain’s chair, etc., it may

be necessary to fasten this equipment to the structural deck and install the
floating deck system around it.
When installing finish decking material, abrade surface with sand paper and
wipe clean. Use only the manufacturer’s recommended primer or adhesive
to obtain full contact with the metal cladding.
11. MAINTENANCE
These decks are covered with a finished decking material and do not require
maintenance program.
12. WARRANTY
Decking contractor, having installed product in accordance with Manufacturer’s

Instruction, is to provide a guarantee on material and workmanship for one
Construction details are included in each Section, where applicable.
-110-
FLOATING DECK SYSTEM... FOR SOUND DEADENING
MARINE FLOOR PANEL AND SPINE SYSTEM
The increased noise levels and vibration sounds on ships and drill rigs caused
by high speed diesel engines, rig drilling equipment, high speed propeller shafts
and other machinery have risen to heights considered unsafe for certain ship
and rig personnel. The International Marine community has instigated studies
to correct these problems and progress has been made. This Section covers
floating deck systems which provide noise reduction, making areas safer from
sound damage to ship personnel.
While recommended noise levels by the International Maritime Organization

vary from space to space, the general range desired would be in the 70 to 85 dB
range for new vessels over 1600 gross tons. A floating deck system alone cannot
accomplish these levels but when combined with other sound deadening changes,
it will be a factor to help reach those goals.
The floating deck systems isolate the accommodation areas from the ships’
structural members and reduce both airborne and structural borne sound. The
reduction of noise levels reduces fatigue, hearing loss and generally promotes
higher levels of crew efficiency.
This system includes a 3/4 inch thick calcium silica marine floor panel with
a laminated surface and 1/8 inch thick metal spines placed over the base material
of 2 inch mineral wool with a density of 12.47 pounds per cubic foot that is laid
loose on the structural decking. The marine floor panels are grooved on all
four sides and the spines fit into the grooves to lock each panel to the adjacent
panel and eliminating the need to weld panels together.
The marine floor panels are laid in a staggered pattern so the joints in the mineral
wool are covered, thereby eliminating sound and heat through these joints.
Staples are shot into the panels across the joints to secure the panels.
2. FEATURES
A-60 deck rating and approvals by recognized Maritime organizations.
Floating floor system which provides insulation from structural and airborne
sound and includes thermal insulation.
Sound reduction index of 45 dB or higher.
Sound insulation index (Ia) of 49 dB.
Does not need to be welded.
Eliminates flow through joints that allow heat and sound to escape.
System supports “B” and “A” Class bulkhead linings completely, isolating
accommodation areas from the structure of the ship.
-112-
Sound Deadening...Panel & Spine (continued)
Resists dilute acids and alkalis.
Does not harbor insects, vermin or mold growth.
Can be installed in new construction, refits or conversions.
Will not swell, shrink, warp or crack even in extremes of temperature.
A-60 Deck Fire Test - In accordance with International Convention of Safety

of Life at Sea 1974 Chapter II-2, Part A, Regulation
International Maritime Organization or other inter-
nationally recognized testing agency.
Cape Marine Floor System Cape Marine

Glaskow, Scotland

Can be used in most areas of ship or rig but find widest use in greatest noise
areas, such as
- over engine rooms

- over machinery spaces
- over areas with high volume thrusters
- in tug boats where noise levels are very high.
Do not use where increased cost of this system, the extra weight and additional
installation time are unacceptable.
Generally not used in higher level decks or in spaces that are not over noisy
operation areas.
Generally not used in weight critical ships.
-113-
Weight - Total system 6.14 pounds per square foot.
Fire Resistance - A-60 deck rating
International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (S.O.L.A.S.)

1974, Chapter II - 2 Part A Regulation 3(c)
Merchant Shipping Regulations (Passenger) Regulations

1980, Part I, Regulation I(2)
Merchant Shipping Regulations (Cargo Ship) 1980 Part I,

Regulation I(2)
The Fishing Vessels (Safety Provisions) Rules 1975, Part

I, Rule (5).
Sound Reduction Index 45 dB.
Sound Insulation Index 49 dB.
Density of Mineral Wool 12.47 pounds per cubic foot.
Thermal Insulation “U” Value of 0.6 w/square meter/degree centigrade.
A. Preparation
Level low spots or pitch of deck using latex mastic underlayment, Type I
or II.
B. Mineral Wool
Lay loose on the structural deck 2 inch thick mineral wool sheets having
a density of 12.47 pounds per cubic foot. Butt sheets against each other
and up to the bulkhead.
C. Marine Floor Panels and Metal Spines
The marine floor panels, 3/4 inch thick, 2 foot wide and 7 foot 10-1/2 inches
long are laid over the mineral wool. Lay in staggered pattern to ensure
that panel joints do not coincide with the joints in the mineral wool.
-114-
Insert spines in the floor panels and staple panels together. Seal joints
and perimeter with an elastic caulking material.
Panels can be cut with a jig saw to fit panels around various bulkhead
projections and angles. If pipe or other service lines come through deck,
weld sleeve to deck, pass lines through it and pack sleeve with mineral
wool or Class “A” insulation.
D. Bulkhead and Furniture
Install “U” channel into the floor panels with screws and erect the
non-structural bulkhead system in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions.
Furniture and accommodation are fastened to the floor panels with self
tapping screws or into a plug inserted into the panel.
E. Finished Decking
Install finished decking such as carpet, sheet vinyl, vinyl composition tiles,
parquet wood flooring or trowel applied decking systems with the proper
adhesive or deck preparation, following recommendations of the finished
decking manufacturer.
At uninsulated, exterior bulkheads build a 3 inch wide gutter of mild steel

to catch and remove condensation and prevent water from penetrating the
system. Where this is done, be certain to install the mineral wool on the
underside of the structural deck directly under the deck gutter and down the
exterior bulkhead a minimum length of 15 inches in each direction to retain
“rated” deck approval.
At interior ‘bulkheads fit material right to bulkhead and apply a bead of elastic
caulking material at the juncture of the bulkhead and floating deck material.
Isolate system at exterior bulkheads by installing elastomeric caulking.
If very heavy equipment is to be installed, such as captain’s chair, etc., it may

be necessary to fasten this equipment to the structural deck and install the
floating deck system around it.
When installing finish decking material, abrade surface with sand paper and
wipe clean. Use only the manufacturer’s recommended primer or adhesive
to obtain full contact with the metal cladding.
11. MAINTENANCE
These decks are covered with a finished decking material and do not require
maintenance program.
-115-
12. WARRANTY


SOLID COLOR MONOLITHIC SYSTEM
LATEX MASTIC AND NEOPRENE DECK COVERING - TYPE II
A trowel applied latex mastic or resin emulsion deck covering which includes
inorganic powders and aggregates mixed to a mortar consistency for ease of
application.
Material is generally installed 1/4 inch thick and has a solid color finish. Material
can be installed thicker or thinner than 1/4 inch and can be turned up the bulkhead
as a cove base.
Finished product can be modified to meet varying conditions of use with high
chemical resistance and/or high abrasion resistance. System meets all
specification requirements regarding non-slip properties.
2. FEATURES
Versatile decking system usable in most areas of ships and drill rigs.
High abrasion resistance.
Good to high chemical resistance.
Non-slip surface that meets or exceeds Federal specification.
Use in wet spaces, in conjunction with resin type waterproof membrane.
Fire retardant system.
Excellent adhesion to deck surfaces.
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION 59-MA-7
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-3134 - Type II
Note: Specifications listed are a reference

for products in this section but are
not necessarily binding for all types
of ships or drill rigs and are subject
to change.
-117-
Latex Type II (continued)
Dex-0-Tex Neotex 28 Crossfield Products Corp.

Dex-0-Tex P-61 Crossfield Products Corp.
Monile 200 Mameco International
Selbatuf Selby, Battersby & Co.
Monoprene N-27 Weatherguard/Marbleloid Products
Promdek Direct Bond Selby, Battersby & Co.

a total list of manufacturers of product discussed herein nor
does listing affirm that they are approved on specifications
referenced.
Galleys
Heads
Work spaces
Passageways
Sleeping accommodations
Showers and wet spaces
Chart rooms
Commissary spaces
Bakeries
Foyers
Wheelhouses
Reefer boxes
Most spaces in ships and rigs.
Solid color finish would not provide decorative surface such as in terrazzo.
Do not store material or attempt to install it when deck temperature is 40° F.

or lower.
Do not thin emulsion as phycial properties will be harmed.
-118-
7. COST COEFFICIENT Latex 2.40 Neoprene 2.63
Weight - Not to exceed 2.8 pounds, per square foot per 1/4 inch thick.
Water Absorption - Not more than 5% based on weight after 24 hour immersion
testing.
Adhesive Strength - A minimum of 65 pounds per square inch.
Fire Resistance - To be rated a minimum of fire retardant when tested in

accordance with MIL-STD-1623. ASTM - E-162 - flame spread
and smoke deposited - 25 or less.
Compressive Strength - 5,500 psi at 1/4 inch thickness.
Indentation Resistance - Not to exceed 7% of thickness after 30 minute load

of 2000 pounds.
Impact Resistance - Not to exceed 1/16 inch of permanent indentation after

two 8 foot drops of a 2 pound steel ball. There should be
no chipping, cracking or loss of adhesion.

Dry Wet Oily Wet Oily
Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1
A. Preparation

Manual.
-119-
B. Bond or prime coat
1. Flexible Deck System
Trowel apply fluid mix of neoprene emulsion and recommended powders

to the deck. While still wet pass a corn broom to obtain rough texture.
2. Rigid Decks
Mix appropriate powders with prime coat emulsion to make a fluid mix
and apply a thin slurry coat.
C. Body Coat
Make stiff mix of resin and powders that produce a slump of approximately
1/3 the height of the bucket. Apply by trowel to thickness specified.
D. Sanding Operation
If body coat is installed smooth enough sanding is not necessary. If sanding

is required use 3M - #3-1/2 grit open coat paper.
E. Grout Coat Application
Make fluid mix of grout powders and emulsion and apply a thin scrape coat
to fill in pin holes. In some cases a second grout coat may be required.
Always sand surface after each grout coat.
F. Topcoat Application
Apply two applications of pigmented resinous topcoats, in color and resin

system selected
- Epoxy resin type is tough wearing system with good chemical resistance
and is free of solvents
- Polyurethane type has high abrasion resistance but is high in solvent

content
- Acrylic type high in non-slip characteristices for wet spaces and

light traffic areas.
Do not store where emulsion can freeze.
Never add water to emulsion.
At completion of job allow 3 to 5 days curing time before allowing traffic

on decking.
-120-
Wash residue off equipment before it hardens on equipment.
Do not install over decks with thick prime coats. Remove to clean steel.
Temperatures mentioned in manufacturer’s instructions refer to deck

temperature and not temperature of the air.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY


TWO COMPONENT RESIN, SOLlD COLOR DECK SYSTEM
I. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
System is a 100% solids, two component, trowel applied epoxy resin mixed with
a powder and trowel applied to specified thickness.
Finish system is a solid color and is generally installed 1/4 inch thick. It
withstands heavy traffic, has high flexibility, compressive strength and chemical
resistance.
Product can be installed over an underlayment, directly on the steel deck and
turned up the bulkhead as a cove base.
2. FEATURES
Excellent adhesion
High flexibility
Non-slip surface meets or exceeds federal specification
Fire retardant
No oil or water absorption.
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION 59-MA-7
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-3l34-Type II

this section but are not necessarily binding for all types
Cheminert Crossfield Products Corp.

Epoxy 10 General Polymers
Monile E-330 Mameco
Selbaclad Selby, Battersby & Co.

-122-
Two Component Resin (continued)
Work spaces
Chemical storage areas
Laboratories
Food preparation areas
High impact areas
Cargo storage areas
Do not use where deck temperatures exceed 150° F.
Do not install where surface is wet during installation.
Do not install where a decorative product is desired.
Sufficient cure time between application steps must be made available to

installer.
Weight - Not to exceed 2.8 pounds, per square foot per 1/4 inch thick.
testing.
Fire Resistance - To be rated a minimum of fire retardant when tested in

accordance with MIL-STD-1623. ASTM - E-162 - flame spread
and smoke deposited - 25 or less.
Indentation Resistance - Not to exceed 7% of thickness after 30 minute load

of 2000 pounds.
Impact Resistance - Not to exceed 1/16 inch of permanent indentation after

two 8 foot drops of a 2 pound steel ball. There should be
no chipping, cracking or loss of adhesion.
-123-

Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1
10. The Manufacturer’s Application Instructions must be strictly followed.
General Application steps include.
A. Preparation

Manual.
B. Bond or Prime Coat
1. Flexible Deck System
Trowel apply fluid mix of neoprene emulsion and recommended powders

to the deck. While still wet pass a corn broom to obtain rough texture.
2. Rigid Decks
Mix resin and curing agent thoroughly and apply thin coat, by trowel,
to deck surface.
C. Body Coat
Mix resin and curing agent until thoroughly blended. Add powders
to mixture and mix for about 1-1/2 minutes and apply by trowel to
specified thickness. Body coat should be installed into wet prime coat
or dry prime coat into which sand was sprinkled.
D. Grout Coat
Mix resin, curing agent and powders as was done for prime coat for
rigid decks and apply scrape coat over body coat that has cured for
16 hours.
After first grout coat has cured, apply second grout coat following
same procedures.
-124-
E. Topcoat Application
Apply two separate applications of pigmented topcoat, allowing

sufficient cure time between each coat. Apply with trowel and then
pass a short nap mohair roller to provide even color and texture.
Always store material in area 60° F. or higher.
Allow a -minimum of 3 to 5 days curing time before allowing any traffic on

the deck.
Installation temperature of deck and for curing period should be 65° to 80° F.
Clean equipment with a solvent like Toluene or Xylol before material hardens.
Proper deck preparation is most important prior to installation starting. See

Section on Deck Preparation.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY


MAGNESIUM OXYCHLORIDE CEMENT (MAGNESITE) DECKING
A trowel applied, monolithic decking that consists of magnesium oxychloride cement.

It is a pigmented mixture that produces a solid color deck system.
System is bonded to the deck through a mechanical or chemical bonding method.

The system is fireproof, grease resistant, produces a smooth surface, has good
non-slip qualities and is easy to maintain.
Can be used in both new construction and renovation work. Newly installed deck
can be put into service the next day.
Material is listed by U.S. Coast Guard, and many international maritime countries
as an A-60 rated deck. Material does not contain asbestos.
2. FEATURES
U.S.C.G. and other international approvals as a rated A-60 deck material.
Fireproof deck material.
Withstands much abuse.
Excellent resistance to oils and grease.
Can be put into service within 24 hours.
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION 59-MA-2C
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-16680
U.S. COAST GUARD 164.006 A-60 Rated Deck
Note: Specifications listed are a reference for

products in this Section but are not necessarily
binding for all types of ships or drill rigs
and are subject to change.
-126-
Magnesite (continued)
Fibretuff X5 Fraser-Edwards Company

Kompolite Weatherguard/Marbleloid
Loralite Willard Marine Decking, Inc.
Selbalith Hard Finish Selby, Battersby & Co.

Food preparation
Galley
Bakery
Meat cutting area
Crew quarters
Work spaces
Storage areas
Mess rooms
Ship’s stores
Do not install in areas of constant wetness, such as showers.
Do not let manesite come in direct contact with aluminum or steel as an electrolitic
reaction will occur. An insulating bonding coat must be installed.
Do not use on exterior decks.
Do not install where a decorative deck material is desired.
-127-
Weight - Not to exceed 3 pounds, per square foot per 1/4 inch thickness.
Fire Resistance - Shall conform to fire test requirements set forth in Federal Test
MIL-STD-1623.
Water Absorption - Not to absorb more than 7 percent by weight after 24 hour
immersion test.
Indentation - Shall show 0.003 inch, or less, when tested with load of 2000 pounds
over 1 square inch for a period of 30 minutes.
Resistance to Impact - Shall not be more than 1/16 inch permanent indentation
after two drops of a 2 pound steel ball from a height of
8 feet.
Non-slip Properties - When tested in accordance with MIL-D-16680 the deck covering
must exhibit a factor of friction equal to or higher than those
shown.
Static Friction Sliding-Friction
Leather 0.3 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -

Rubber 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3
A. Preparation
Follow instructions under DECK PREPARATION as contained in this Manual,
B. Bond and/or anti-corrosive coating
1. Steel decks
(a) Butterfly clips are welded 9 to 12 inches on center and 2 inches in

from bulkhead, in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
Apply two full coats of anti-corrosive coating, similar to product Komul,

over the deck and the butterfly clips.
(b) Install neoprene bonding system over steel deck and pass a corn broom
to provide a texture surface, in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions to a thickness of approximately 1/8 inch.
(c) Install expanded metal lath by welding to the deck on 18 inch centers
and coat with anti-corrosive coating similar to the product Komul.
-128-
2. Aluminum decks
Install neoprene bonding system, as stated in 1 (b).
C. Body Coat
Mix magnesite powder with the previously prepared magnesium chloride gauging
solution so the mixed material has a sump of 1/2 a bucket.
Apply mixed material to the deck using a darby, then a wood float and hard
finish with a steel trowel to the specified thickness when proper set has been
reached.
Install cove base, using similar application steps, to a height of 2 inches as

a ship’s cove and 3 to 4 inches as a full cove base, where called for.
D. Sealer Coat
Allow body coat to dry for l-2 days and lightly steel wool surface and apply
two coats of an oil base sealer using a lambs wool applicator.
Always use a neoprene bonding coat when installing over an aluminum deck or
contacting an aluminum bulkhead.
Always use a full coat of an anti-corrosive coating when applying over a steel
deck or coming in contact with steel fittings or bulkhead.
Deck temperature should be 60° to 75° F. during installation and setting period.
Never mix magnesite powder with water - always use magnesium chloride gauging
solution.
Do not wash for two weeks to allow material to fully set.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

-129-
DECORATIVE SYSTEMS
POLYMERIC DECORATIVE QUARTZ DECKING
EPOXY BROADCAST TYPE
A two component, 100% resin, epoxy system into which quartz aggregate is
sprinkled to an approximate thickness of 1/8 inch.
System is a hard wearing decking that also has good chemical resistance and
is fire retardant.
Cove base can be installed but this is best done using a steel trowel for
application.
A wide variety of color combinations are available. Finish can be high gloss
or low lustre sheen. If and when necessary, it can be resealed to provide long
service life.
2. FEATURES
Provides a decorative finish.
Built-in, non-slip surface.
Exhibits high wear resistance.
Excellent chemical properties.
Relatively easy to install.
Fire retardant.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-24613 Type 1 Class 1

for products in this Section but
are not necessarily binding for
all types of ships or drill rigs and
are subject to change.
-131-
Decorative - Epoxy Broadcast (continued)
T-15 American Safety Technologies, Inc.

Decor-Dek Crossfield Products Corp.
Selbatwede 41 Selby, Battersby & Co.

discussed herein nor does listing affirm that
they are approved on specifications referenced.
Heads
Galleys
Habitability spaces
Wet spaces
Passageways
Lighting during installation must be quite good.
Built-in, non-slip texture requires a little more effort in cleaning.
Weight - 3.0 pound, per square foot, per 1/4 inch thick.
Impact - Not to exceed 1/16 inch of permanent indentation with 2 drops of 2 pound
ball from 8 foot height. No chipping, cracking or loss of bond.
Indentation - A load of 2000 pounds, for 30 minutes shall indent a maximum

of 10 percent of thickness.
Moisture Absorption - Not more than 2% in 24 hour immersion test.
Fire Resistance - To be rated fire retardant when tested in accordance with

MIL-STD-1623.
-132-
Adhesive Strength - 250 pounds, per square inch.
Non-slip - Shall be rated non-slip when tested in accordance with ASTM-D-1141.

Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -

Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1
A. Preparation

Manual. When underlayment is required, use epoxy resin type.
B. Divider Strip
Install “L” shaped divider strip at toe of base and other juncture areas,
as required.
C. Receiving Coat
Trowel apply a pigmented or clear epoxy by trowel to receive the quartz

aggregate. Pass short nap mohair roller to smooth trowel marks.
D. Broadcast Coat
Quartz aggregate to be premixed into selected color combination.

Broadcast aggregate, by hand or blower, into wet receiving coat until
area looks dry and fully covered with aggregate.
E. Second Broadcast Coat
The day following first broadcast sweep up loose aggregate and repeat
steps “C” and “D”.
-133-
F. Grout Coats
Sweep up loose aggregate and apply two grout coats, generally on separate
days. Install clear epoxy resin and curing agent with trowel or squeege
and pass short nap mohair roller to leave textured surface
G. Finish Coat
One coat of gloss or low lustre clear epoxy is to be applied, as required.
Have area well lighted.
Temperature of deck to be 55° F. or higher.
No open flames should be permitted in area during installation and cure.
When applying grout and finish coat installer should always maintain a puddle
of epoxy material to keep a wet edge.
Deck must be free of water during installation.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY


DECORATIVE SYSTEMS
POLYMERIC DECORATIVE QUARTZ DECKING
EPOXY TROWEL TYPE
A two component, 100% resin, epoxy system with decorative quartz aggregate
that is trowel applied to approximately 1/8 to 1/4 inch thick.
System is a hard wearing decking material that also has very good chemical
resistance. Product can be installed in varying non-slip textures, as specified.
It can also be installed as a cove base on the bulkheads. System is fire retardant
and quite durable.
This system can be installed with a high gloss or low sheen finish. A wide
selection of color combinations are available. If and when necessary, it can
be resealed to provide long service life.
2. FEATURES
Decorative finish.
Excellent chemical properties.
Built-in, non-slip surface.
Fire retardant.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-24613 Type I Class 1

for products in this Section but are
to change.
-135-
Decorative - Epoxy Trowel (continued)
Decor-Dek Crossfield Products Corp.
Selbatwede 71 Selby, Battersby & Co.
- Selbatwede HD Selby, Battersby & Co.

Heads
Galleys
Passageways
Wet spaces
Habitability spaces.
Requires experienced mechanic to install.
Lighting during installation must be quite good.
Impact - Not to exceed 1/16 inch of permanent indentation with 2 drops of 2

pound ball from 8 foot height. No chipping, cracking or loss of bond.

of 10% of thickness.
-136-

MIL-STD-1623.

Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1
A. Preparation

B. Divider Strip
Install “L” shaped divider strip at toe of base and other juncture areas,
as required.
C. Prime Coat
Mix epoxy resin and curing agent in recommended proportions and trowel
apply to deck.
D. Body Coat
Mix epoxy resin and curing agent, incorporate quartz aggregate and
continue to mix until a uniform mixture is obtained. Trowel into wet
prime coat and tighten surface to thickness specified.
Installer should have light in front to show where any trowel marks are
occurring and should smooth them out.
-137-
E. Grout Coat
Apply two coats, generally one day apart, of epoxy resin and curing agent
with a trowel or squeege. Pass a short nap, mohair roller over surface
to provide uniform texture.
F. Finish Coat
Temperature of deck to be 55° F. or higher.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY


DECORATIVE SYSTEMS
POLYMERIC DECORATIVE FLAKE DECKING
EPOXY TYPE
An epoxy resin system, either clear or pigmented into which colored vinyl chips
are broadcast to produce a decorative decking system.
The colored vinyl chips are encapsulated in either a pigmented or clear epoxy
resin to provide 100% flake coverage.
Light weight makes this system ideal for use on weight critical ships. System
is fire retardant and is recommended for moderate traffic in interior areas
of ships.
2. FEATURES
System requires minimum skill levels for installation.
System weighs 0.36 pounds per square foot at 40 mils thickness and is an excellent
selection for weight critical ships and specific areas.
Available in wide range of color combinations.
Fire retardant.
Short installation time.
Good abrasion resistance.

to change.
-139-
Decorative - Epoxy Flakes (continued)
CF-100 American Safety Technologies, Inc.
Dex-0-Tex Colorflake M Crossfield Products Corp.
Selbaflor Selby, Battersby & Co.

nor does listing affirm that they are
All weight critical areas
Habitability areas
Commissary spaces
Laboratory
Hospital/Infirmary areas
Recreation areas
Chapels
Service shops.
Not to be installed in areas of heavy foot traffic or fork lift truck traffic.
Usually requires an underlayment when installed in ship construction on steel

or aluminum decks.
Cove base installations are difficult to get smooth because of packing of flakes
on vertical surface.
Generally installed in interior installations only.
Not usually installed where a heavy, non-slip surface is required.
Not as durable as marble or quartz aggregate polymeric systems.
-140-
Weight - Not to exceed 3.0 pound, per square foot, per 1/4 inch thick.


MIL-STD-1623.

Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0 . 1
A. Preparation

B. Underlayment (if required)
Trowel apply, to thickness required, a filled epoxy underlayment or

a light weight neoprene underlayment, similar to materials that meet
MIL-D-3135 Type 1.
-141-
C. Receiving Coat
Use either a clear epoxy or a pigmented epoxy catalyzed system to

receive color flakes. Mix resin and curing agent in recommended
proportions. Apply with trowel or squeege and smooth out trowel marks
with short nap, mohair roller.
D. Flaking Application
Broadcast, pre-mixed flakes in colors selected, into the receiving coat

while it is still wet. Flakes must be sprinkled in uniform thickness until
full area is covered. Mechanic should wear golf shoes to walk into wet
receiving coat.
Note: Maximum job satisfaction occurs when flake pattern is a blend

of colors rather than a solid color.
E. Grout Coat
Sweep up flakes that have not adhered when receiving coat system
has cured. Apply one coat of clear epoxy coating over flakes with trowel
or squeege and pass a short nap mohair roller over coating to smooth
the epoxy.
F. Sanding
When first grout coat has cured lightly, sand the surface to eliminate
any curled edges of the flakes. Remove sanding dust with vacuum pickup.
Mechanic must not let any dirt get on the floor or next coat will lock
dirt in the system.
G. Finish Coat
Apply clear epoxy finish coat exactly as was done in Step E.
If a smooth finish is desired additional finish coats can be applied.
Mechanics must keep dirt, oil or grease from getting on the floor after the
flaking operation has been complete as clear finish coats will overlay them
and make them a permanent part of the finished floor.
Blend flakes thoroughly to have uniform color distribution but blend them
gently to prevent breaking them into fine powder.
Deck must be free of water during installation and curing period.
Important to do an "extra-good” job of removal of sanding dust before applying

clear grout and finish coats.
Be certain to properly ventilate area during installation.
-142-
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

-143-
DECORATIVE SYSTEMS
POLYMERIC DECORATIVE TERRAZZO DECKING
EPOXY WITH MARBLE CHIPS
A two component, 100% resin, epoxy system with marble aggregate that is trowel
applied approximately 3/16 inch thick.
System produces a terrazzo like appearance but eliminates the grinding, grouting
and polishing operations of ground terrazzo.
The system is quite durable, fire retardant and long wearing. If and when
necessary it can be resealed to provide long life.
2. FEATURES
Decorative, terrazzo appearing, finish.
Excellent wearing qualities.
Excellent chemical resistance.
Built-in non-slip surface.
Fire retardant.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
MIL-D-24613 Type I Class 3

-144-
Decorative - Epoxy Marble (continued)

Dex-0-Tex Terrazzo M Crossfield Products Corp.
Terracolor Crossfield Products Corp.
Selbalux Selby, Battersby & Co.
West-Dek CS-250 Westpac Products Co., Inc.

Habitability spaces
Galleys
Wet spaces.
Deck must be free of moisture.
Should have good lighting during installation.
Generally not installed in shops and work areas.
7, COST COEFFICIENT 5.05
Weight - 3.0 pound, per square foot, per l/4 inch thick.
Impact - Not to exceed l/16 inch of permanent indentation with 2 drops of 2 pound

of 10 percent of thickness.
-145-

MIL-STD-1623.

Wet Oily Dry Wet Oily
Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1
A. Preparation

B. Divider Strip
Install “L shaped divider strip at toe of base and other juncture areas,
as required.
C. Prime Coat
Mix epoxy resin and curing agent in recommended proportions and trowel
apply- to deck.
D. Body Coat
Mix epoxy resin and curing agent, incorporate marble aggregate and
continue to mix until a uniform mixture is obtained. Trowel into wet
prime coat and tighten surface to thickness specified.
Installer should have light in front to show where any trowel marks
are occurring and should smooth them out.
-146-
E. Grout Coat
Apply two coats, generally one day apart, of epoxy resin and curing
agent with a trowel or squeege. Pass a short nap, mohair roller over
surface to provide uniform texture.
F. Finish Coat
Temperature of deck to be 55O F. or higher.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

-147-
DECORATIVE SYSTEMS
ELASTOMERIC URETHANE TYPE
A polyurethane elastomeric coating with a selection of vinyl color flakes in

various color combinations. Provides a decorative deck system for interior
applications.
The finished system is generally installed 1/8 inch thick and provides high abrasion
resistance, flexibility and is fire retardant.
Generally the color flake pattern is installed over the entire area. Attempts
to install the color flakes in a random pattern have not been satisfactory as
it is difficult to attain uniformity of flake distribution.
2. FEATURES
Provides high amount of flexibility which reduces movement and vibration

cracking.
Fire retardant, conforming to fire test MIL-STD-1623.
High impact, corrosion and abrasion resistance.
The wide range of base and flake colors provide numerous color combinations.
Moderate chemical resistance.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-24613 Type II Class 2

change.
Proreco I Products Research & Chemical

Corporation

-148-
Decorative - Urethane Flakes (continued)
In general purpose habitability areas
Passageways
Library
Mess decks and serving lines
Sick bay
Berthing areas
Lounge areas.
This system is only used on interior spaces.
Install in areas with light to medium personnel traffic.
Cost of material is considered high.
Numerous application steps and coats.
Surface requires reapplication of clear glaze from time to time because of

traffic wear.
Difficult to remove material, if ever necessary, and requires use of a special

machine.


MIL-STD-1623.
-149-

Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -

Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0 . 1
The Manufacturer's Application Instructions must he strictly followed.
A. Preparation

When underlayment is required, use an epoxy resin or urethane resin type.
Metal decks must be abraded to a minimum of a bright metal finish

preferably with a shot blast machine or other satisfactory abrader.
B. Prime Coat
Immediately after abrading surface apply manufacturer’s recommended

prime coat to reduce corrosion possibilities. If prime coat is not covered
within 24 hours, reprime the surface.
C. Underlayment . . . (if required)
Install sufficient underlayment to fill in low spots or to level or pitch deck

as required. Install type underlayment recommended by decking
manufacturer. An epoxy resin underlayment provides a good base for
intercoat adhesion of this sytem.
D. Bond Coat
Apply manufacturer’s recommended primer to provide good bonding between

the underlayment and the urethane base coat.
E. Base Coat
Thoroughly mix both components and apply to the deck in small quantities
to prevent a thick buildup, using a conventional or notched trowel or a
roller.
While base coat is wet sprinkle about half the quantity of the preblended
flakes and allow to dry, which could be up to 16 hours or longer.
F. Flake Pattern
Apply a clear urethane by roller and sprinkle the remaining preblended

flakes into the wet urethane. Apply flakes so the entire deck has a uniform
pattern. Pass a roller, with clear urethane, to compact the flakes and
to impregnate them with the urethane.
G. Sealer
Apply two to six additional coats of clear, fast curing, urethane to provide
the - finish required. After the first or second coat light sand the surface
to remove any curled edges of the flakes.
Abrade surface to provide a bright metal finish.
Surface must be dry and temperature between 400 F. and 120° F.
If surface is solvent wiped, change cloths continually to prevent spreading

oil and dirt from the cloths.
Mechanics to wear protective covers over shoes to prevent dirt from being
walked on decking material.
Install necessary underlayment to eliminate low spots and depressions.
Mix thorouighly, 3 to 5 minutes, so full chemical reaction takes place.
Provide proper ventilation for removal of solvents.
Do not allow any open flames in areas where this sytem is being installed.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

-151-
ELASTOMERIC URETHANE TYPE
-152-
DECORATIVE SYSTEMS
POLYMERIC RESIN DECKING
ONE-STEP SYSTEM WITH MARBLE CHIPS
A clear epoxy resin system with marble chips or quartz aggregate that is applied
on the deck in a single troweling application and requires no sealer or finish
coats.
Material is designed for use in interior spaces, is fire retardant, has some
chemical resistance and good adhesion to steel.
2. FEATURES
Reduces the number of application steps.
Can be used for fast turn-around work.
Installed cost reduced due to elimination of grout and finish coats.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-24613 Type III

in this Section but are not necessarily binding
for all types of ships or drill rigs and are subject
to change.
ST-100 American Safety Technologies, Inc.

Phoenix Epoxy One Step Poseidon Industries, Ltd.
TM-35, One Step Westpac Products Company, Inc.

General habitability areas
Wet spaces
In areas needing to be redone and have limited time of availability.
-153-
Decorative - One Step (continued)
Longevity of wear and chemical resistance are less than full step systems.
Initial gloss is lower than full step system.
Gloss retention is poor.
Dirt pick up is greater and cleaning more difficult.
System is resin rich and blotchy areas will result.
Has tendency to discolor when ground and sealed.
Some systems leave a porous surface that require additional coats of clear epoxy
to reduce difficulty of keeping deck clean, and thereby eliminate the economics
and the one-step characteristics.
Weight - 3.0 pound per square foot, per 1/4 inch thick.


MIL-STD-1623.

Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1
-154-
Decorative - One Step (continued)
A. Preparation

When underlayment is required, use an epoxy resin type.
B. Body Coat
Premix aggregates to obtain good distribution. Mix resin and curing agent
in recommended proportions and add aggregate, continuing to mix until
a uniform distribution is attained.
Apply to deck with a steel trowel and compact to level surface. Lighting
must be high to allow installer to reduce the number of trowel marks.
Allow a minimum of 12 hours curing, and longer if surface remains tacky,

before allowing light traffic on the surface.
Option - If a higher gloss or more uniform finish is desired, apply one

or more seal coats.
Make certain there is no water on deck at time of installation.
Thoroughly mix resin (Part A) and curing agent (Part B) to be certain full
chemical reaction takes place.
Deck temperature should be a minimum of 550 F. at time of installation and

during curing.
Maximum properties will be attained if decking system is allowed to cure for

4 days before normal traffic is permitted.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

-155-
POLYMERIC RESIN, ONE-STEP, DECKING
EPOXY WITH MARBLE CHIPS
-156-
TERRAZZO DECKING. . . MACHINE GROUND SYSTEMS
LATEX MASTIC AND RESIN EMULSION
GROUND TERRAZZO DECKING
Latex mastic and/or resin emulsion material into which marble chips and special
powders are added. Mix is trowel applied l/4, 3/8 or l/2 inch thick and ground
flat with terrazzo grinding equipment.
Material can also be installed up the bulkhead as a cove base. System is available
in a wide variety of color combinations.
This system is fire retardant, has excellent adhesion, good water and oil
resistance, produces good non-slip qualities and is light in weight.
2. FEATURES
Thin set terrazzo, generally installed 3/8 inch as compared to l-3/4 inches for
conventional cement terrazzo.
Available in white, gray and pigmented matrix colors.
Can be installed over any sound sub-deck material.
Can be installed on both interior and exterior areas.
Material is fire retardant.
Excellent adhesion to steel.
Excellent impact resistance and indentation resistance.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-3134, Type I, Class 1

-157-
Latex Terrazzo (continued)
Neocrete Terrazzo #33 The Ascon Products Co.
Dex-0-Tex N-38 Crossfield Products Corp.
Dex-0-Tex P-61 Crossfield Products Corp.
Monile Roman Terrazzo Mameco International
Novalite Selby, Battersby & Co.
Terraprene N-3 6 Weatherguard/Marbleloid

b u t n o t necessarily a total list of
Wet spaces
Galley
Food Preparation
Heads
Habitability areas
Passageways
Mess Halls.
Marble chip size is controlled by thickness terrazzo is installed. At the commonly

specified thickness of 3/8 inch, maximum size will be #l marble chip.
Three color marble chip combinations generally produce the most satisfactory
results.
-158-
Weight - Not to exceed 3.0 pounds per square foot at 1/4 inch thickness.
Moisture Absorption - Not to absorb more than 5% moisture by weight when

immersed in water for 24 hours.
Adhesive Strength - A minimum of 65 pounds per square inch to steel for initial
strength and 95 psi after aging.
Impact Resistance - Shall not have more than 1/16 inch permanent indentation
when subjected to two drops of a two pound steel ball from
a height of 8 feet. No chipping, cracking or loss of bond.
Resistance to Indentaion - Shall not exceed indentation of more than 7% when

subjected to a 2000 pound load for 30 minutes.
Fire Test - Product shall be rated fire retardant when tested as set forth in
MIL-STD-1623.


Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0 . 1
A. Preparation
Install terrazzo divider strip at toe of base and doorways. Divider strip
may also be used in the field of the terrazzo in uniform size squares or
rectangles, but not larger than 6 feet on a side.
B. Bond coat (if deck is flexible)
Trowel neoprene bond coat on deck as a wet mix and pass a corn broom
over surface to make it rough to receive terrazzo system.
C. Prime Coat (for rigid decks)
Apply a slurry coat of resin and fine powder to deck with dauber or brush.
-159-
D. Terrazzo mix
While prime coat is wet, trowel the terrazzo mix of resin, powder and marble
chips into it to the thickness specified.
Compact the mix with the trowel to be certain there is good distribution
of the marble chips. Install terrazzo mix l/16 to l/8 inch thicker than finished
thickness required to allow for grinding.
E. Grinding
Allow terrazzo mix to dry for 3 to 5 days depending on temperature and

humidity. Grind surface with appropriate size grinding machine with a number
24 coarse stone. Make a second pass with a number 80 medium grit stone.
It is best to wet grind all terrazzo to produce a fine polish and eliminate
dry scratch marks.
F. Grouting
After deck has been rinsed with water to remove grinding residue, the pin
holes caused by grinding are filled in with a troweled mix of resin and fine
grout powder applied as a tight coat on surface with a steel trowel.
Grouting should be done the same day the grinding is done and while the
terrazzo mix is still damp.
G. Polishing
After grout coat has dried for 1 to 2 days, it is polished with the same
grinding equipment using a number 120 grit, fine stone.
Rinse deck with water at completion of polishing to remove residue.
H. Sealing terrazzo
When terrazzo has dried, apply two coats of acrylic sealer using lambs
wool applicator.
Deck temperature during installation and curing period must be 60° F. or higher.
“L” shaped divider strip must be placed at the toe of the cove base and at
doorways to compartments.
A high amount of air flowing over the wet surface can cause uneven curing
and potential surface crack. Take necessary precautions to prevent this
condition.
Do not add water to the emulsion or the mixed materials. If material starts
to set, discard it, as it cannot be reactivated.
-160-
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

-161-
TERRAZZO DECKING.. . MACHINE GROUND SYSTEM
CATALYST CURED RESIN - GROUND TERRAZZO DECKING
A catalyst cured resin mixed with marble aggregate, installed to a thickness

of l/4 inch and ground flat with terrazzo grinding equipment. The most widely
used resin is the epoxy catalyst cured system, however, polyester and
polyurethane are sometimes used.
Material can also be installed up the bulkhead as a cove base. This terrazzo
system is available in a wide variety of color combinations.
Matrix has good chemical resistance, system is quite flexible, is fire retardant,
has almost zero water and oil absorption and excellent adhesion.
2. FEATURES
Thin set terrazzo generally installed l/4 inch thick available in white, gray and
pigmented matrix colors.
Can be installed over any sound sub-deck surface.
Excellent adhesion.
Excellent impact and indentation resistance.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-3134, Type I, Class 2

to change.
Dex-0-Tex Terrazzo M Crossfield Products Corp.

Novaclad Selby, Battersby & Co.
Vyn-L-Terrazzo Willard Marine Decking
Note: Organizations listed are representative but

not necessarily a total list of manufacturers
of product discussed herein nor does listing
affirm that they are approved on specifications
referenced.
-162-
Catalyst Resin Terrazzo (continued)
Habitability areas
Food preparation
Wet spaces
Galley
Heads
Passageways.
Marble chip size is controlled by thickness of installed terrazzo. The thickness

of these systems is l/4 inch and the maximum size will be #0 marble chip.
Three color marble chip combinations generally produce the most satisfactory
results.
Not installed in heavy work spaces or where a decorative system is not required.
Weight - Not to exceed 3.0 pounds per square foot at l/4 inch thickness.
Moisture Absorption - Not to absorb more than 5% moisture by weight when

immersed in water for 24 hours.
Oil Absorption - Not to exceed 3% by weight after immersion in oil for 24 hours.
Adhesive Strength - A minimum of 65 pounds per square inch to steel for initial
strength and 95 psi after aging.
Impact Resistance - Shall not have more than l/16 inch permanent indentation
when subjected to two drops of a two pound steel ball from
a height of 8 feet. No chipping, cracking or loss of bond.
Resistance to Indentation - Shall not exceed indentation of more than 7% when

subjected to a 2000 pound load for 30 minutes.
Fire Test - Product shall be rated fire retardant when tested as set forth in
MIL-STD-1623.
-163-

Leather .6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -

Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0 . 1
A. Preparation
Install terrazzo divider strip at toe of base and doorways.
B. Prime Coat
Mix epoxy resin and curing agent and apply to deck with a trowel as a scrape
coat.
C. Terrazzo Mix
While prime coat is wet trowel the mixture of epoxy resin, curing agent
and marble and powder mixture into it to thickness specified, generally
slightly over l/4 inch.
Compact mix thoroughly to obtain uniform distribution of the marble chips.

Allow material to cure overnight.
D. Grinding
Using appropriate grinding equipment and a number 24 coarse stone, wet

grind the terrazzo surface.
Make a second pass using a number 80 medium stone.
Remove grinding residue and rinse floor with water.
E. Grouting
After floor has dried, mix epoxy resins, curing agent and fine powder into
a creamy mix and apply with steel trowel to fill in any pin holes caused
by the grinding.
-164-
F. Polishing
After grout has cured, generally overnight, polish surface with some grinding
equipment using number 120 grit, fine stone.
Rinse deck with water to remove grinding residue.
G. Sealing Terrazzo
Clean floor thoroughly and seal with two coats of acrylic sealer applied
with lambs wool applicator.
The thickness shall not exceed one-half inch.
Deck surface must be free of water during installation and curing period.
Deck temperature during installation and curing period must be 500 F. or higher.
“L” shaped divider strip must be placed at the top of the cove base and at
doorways to compartments.
Do not let mixed epoxy resin and curing agent to remain in container too long
as a heat build-up occurs which will generate some fumes. If this happens
get rid of mixture and air out area.
Always add marble chips to resin and curing agent mixture, then add the powder.
This order of mixing is important.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

-165-
-166-
WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM
NEOPRENE SYSTEM, WITH REINFORCEMENT
A high solids neoprene emulsion type resin that is reinforced with non-directional
fibreglas mat to provide a positive waterproof membrane.
This product is not a prefabricated sheet but a fluid neoprene applied at the
job site and after the fluid neoprene is applied, the fibreglas mat is forced into
the emulsion with a trowel.
The fluid applied system allows the membrane to be formed around all projections,
to be turned up the bulkhead and to conform tightly to pads and other raised
areas.
This waterproof membrane can be applied to most underlayments including

magnesium oxychloride cement systems. The completed membrane can be
covered by most resin decking systems currently in use in the Marine industry,
including ceramic tile, quarry tile and terrazzo.
2. FEATURES
Provides positive waterproofing - no water absorption.

A flexible membrane system.
Can be installed on exterior and interior areas.
Excellent dimensional stability from -40° F. to + 140° F.
Lightweight - only 0.25 pounds, per square foot, per 3/32 inch thick.
Moisture vapor permeability, ASTM D-1653 - none
No current specification in use.
Dex-0-Tex Waterproof Membrane Crossfield Products Corp.
Promdek Waterproof Membrane Selby, Battersby & Co.

-167-
Waterproof Membrane (continued)
To protect magnesite products, such as insulating materials, underlayments

and finish deck, that are water sensitive when used in wet spaces.
In reefer boxes
In commissary spaces
Showers
Weather decks
Bridges
Laundries
Not installed unless waterproofing is required.
Do not install if temperature goes below 45O F.
Do not use as a finished decking - it must be covered with a compatible finished

decking system.
Weight - 0.25 pounds, per square foot, per 3/32 inch thick.
Water Absorption - None, ASTM D-570.
Elongation - Exceeds 500%, ASTM D-751.
Moisture Vapor Permeability - None, ASTM D-1653.
A. Preparation

Manual.
-168-
Waterproof Membrane (continued)
B. Prime Coat
Mix recommended emulsion and powder and with a steel trowel apply
a scrape coat to provide good adhesion. Allow prime coat to dry before
applying membrane coat.
C. Membrane Coat
Apply waterproof emulsion as it comes from manufacturer directly

over dried prime coat using a steel trowel.
Imbed fibreglas mat into wet emulsion and force down into emulsion
with the trowel. Apply additional emulsion with trowel to totally
encapsulate the fibreglas with the neoprene.
Install deck membrane first. When dry, install membrane to specified

height on bulkhead and run out over deck membrane overlapping a
minimum of 3 to 4 inches.
Allow membrane to dry a minimum of 4 hours and apply additional

emulsion if any air bubbles have developed or if neoprene film is too
thin.
Finished decking can be installed after 24 hours of drying. If membrane

is not covered with finished deck within 10 days, reactivate with another
application of emulsion.
Eliminate air currents while system is drying to avoid erratic physical properties.
Do not add water to neoprene emulsion, use as delivered.
Keep emulsion in warm place - keep from freezing.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY


WEATHERDECK SYSTEMS
NEOPRENE RESIN DECKING
A trowel applied, water based, neoprene resin deck covering which includes
aggregates and inorganic powders that are applied to l/4 inch thickness.
It provides a solid color finish and can be turned by the bulkhead to form an integral
cove base.
System withstands wide range of temperature extremes. Finished system meets

all specification requirements regarding non-slip properties.
Most steel, exterior decks are constructed SO as to be waterproof. In some instances

the designer desires to provide positive waterproofing characteristics to the
weatherdeck system and includes a neoprene reinforced membrane under the
weatherdeck systems.
(Note: Refer to Section entitled “Waterproof Membrane” for detailed information.)
2. FEATURES
High weather resistant qualities.
Provides waterproof system.
Provides non-slip surface that meets or exceeds Federal specification.
A fire retardant system.
Can be used on both exterior and interior decks.
Protects steel from corrosion.
No current specific specification on this neoprene mastic decking system.
Dex-0-Tex Neotex 28 Crossfield Products Corp.

Promdek Direct Bond Selby, Battersby & Co.
* Promdek Exterior Deck Selby, Battersby & Co.
Monoprene N-27 Weatherguard/Marbleloid Products

discussed herein nor does listing affirm that they are
* System includes a weatherproof membrane.
-170-
Neoprene Weatherdeck (continued)
Promenade decks, open and closed
Weather decks
Wheel house
Pilot house
Bridge wings
Beach areas of swim pools
Chart room
Flying bridge
Does not provide decorative pattern decking.
For maximum resiliency the neoprene resin should be used as bonding agent and
throughout the troweled portions of this system.
Not recommended on work deck areas where heavy loads with sharp edges could
damage deck material.
Do not install when deck temperature is 50° F. or lower.
Weight - Not to exceed 2.8 pounds, per square foot per l/4 inch thick.
testing.
Fire Resistance - To be rated a minimum of fire retardant when tested in accordance

with MIL-STD-1623. ASTM - E-162 - flame spread and smoke
deposited - 25 or less.
Indentation Resistance - Not to exceed 7% of thickness after 30 minute load of

2000 pounds.
-171-
Impact Resistance - Not to exceed l/16 inch of permanent indentation after two
8 foot drops of a 2 pound steel ball. There should be no chipping,
cracking or loss of adhesion.
shown.
Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1
A. Preparation
B. Underlayment (optional)
If deck is out of level, has low spots or needs to be pitched to drain, install
sufficient thickness of a troweled underlayment, latex mastic type, MIL-D-3135
Type 1 or 2.
C. Bond Coat
Using a trowel, brush or dauber, apply a fluid mix of neoprene emulsion and
recommended powders to the deck.
If a waterproof membrane is to be installed, allow bond coat to dry before

installing the membrane , and then install the membrane in accordance with
Where no membrane is required, install the body coat into the bond coat, while
it is still wet.
D. Body Coat
Make a stiff mix of neoprene emulsion and recommended powders. The body
coat is to be applied in two separate thin applications allowing each application
to dry before making next application. Total thickness of two applications
should be approximately 3/32 inch. If surface is not installed smooth enough,
installer should sand trowel marks.
-172-
E. Grout Coats and Sanding
Mix neoprene and powders as described in bond coat. Apply tight, thin coat
with trowel. Sand when dry enough to do SO . Repeat a second application of
grout and sanding.
F. Topcoat Application
Apply two coats of pigmented topcoat using manufacturer’s recommended

material for weatherdeck applications.
Never install neoprene body coat on exterior weatherdeck in one thick coat
. . . . . always two thin coats.
Never install when deck temperature is 50° F. or less.
Emulsion must always be stored in area of 60° to 90° F.
Always apply grout coats in thin, scrape coat applications - never as thick coats
as they are somewhat soft and will indent.
Do not add water to any of the mixes.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

-173-
WEATHERDECK SYSTEMS
ELASTOMERIC URETHANE DECKING
An elastomeric urethane decking that provides flexibility and impact resistance.

The majority of the installations are on exterior deck areas; however, the product
is also used in some specialized interior applications.
This decking system provides high non-slip characteristics, excellent weather

resistance, protects the surface from corrosion and is fire retardant.
2. FEATURES
Weather resistant.
Non-slip surface meets or exceeds Federal requirements.
Fire retardant, when tested under MIL-STD-1623.
Protects steel from corrosion.
Mainly installed on exterior decks but also in some special interior areas.
High abrasion resistance.
Resilient properties provide high impact resistance.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-23003.

to change.
Proreco Marine Deck Coating Products Research & Chemical

Type III Corporation

referenced.
-174-
Urethane Weatherdeck (continued)
Weather decks
Bridge wings
Working decks of tug boats
Off shore drill platforms
Promenade decks
Helo decks
Special applications in torpedo strike down areas.
Does not produce a decorative system.
Limited use where heavy loads with sharp edges through impact might cut the decking
material.
High cost limits use.
Installation temperature must be above 400 F. and below 120° F.
Do not install on wet decks, in times of high humidity or when a high probability
of rain.
Fire Resistance - Shall conform to requirements in MIL-STD-1623.
Resistance to Wear - When tested in accordance with wear test in MIL-D-23003

material shall not show a maximum reduction in thickness
of 30 mils.
Resistance to Impact - Material to within 25 impacts of a 2 pound solid steel ball

dropped from height of 8 feet.
Resistance to Immersion - Material must resist 24 hour exposure to oil, grease,

jet fuel JP-5, hydraulic fluid, ethyl alcohol and detergent,
as set forth in MIL-D-23003, and shall not soften, lose
adhesion, discolor or deteriorate in any other manner.
Non-slip Properties - The coefficient of friction to be 0.90 for a dry, wet and oily
surface condition.
-175-
A. Preparation
Metal decks must be abraded to a minimum of a bright metal finish preferably

with a shot blast machine or other satisfactory abrader.
B. Prime Coat
Immediately after abrading surface apply manufacturer’s recommended prime

coat to reduce corrosion possibilities. If prime coat is not covered within
24 hours, reprime the surface.
Underlayment is used to fair the welds and to eliminate low spots or depressions.
A three component polyurethane underlayment is available. It is a little more

difficult to trowel and more expensive than latex mastic underlayment
MIL-D-3135, Type I.
D. Base Coat
Apply elastomeric urethane base coat a minimum of l/8 inch thick, using a
straight edge or notched trowel or a roller.
Pour on deck in small quantitites to reduce the potential of a heavy build-up.
E. Non-Skid Coating
Apply this coating over base coat the day following application of the base
coat to obtain strong intercoat adhesion. Apply a tight thin coat for maximum
resiliency. Thick build-up of this material can cause mud cracking.
Mix material for 8 to 10 minutes per manufacturer’s instructions. Apply mixed

material by trowel and pass a roller over it while wet to provide a surface
texture. Apply at coverage rate of 50 square feet per gallon.
Allow a minimum of 8 hours curing time before allowing even light traffic.
F. Seal Coat
Apply specially formulated pigmented sealer coat in strict accordance with

manufacturer’s instructions. It can be used for a cosmetic coat and/or for
deck markings.
Surface must be clean and dry before applying. Thoroughly mix both components
together and apply with a short nap roller. One to two coats will provide uniform
coverage.
-176-
If applied too thick, coverage will be reduced and mud cracking can occur.
Provide normal precautions when flammable materials are used.
Material contains solvents and strong vapors and require the use of safety gloves,
mask and ventilation.
To keep surface from becoming contaminated during installation, installers should

wear protective covers on their shoes.
Apply material in thin coats rather than heavy coats.
If installers solvent wipe the surface to clean it, the rags must be changed often,
otherwise the dirt and oils will only be spread over the surface.
A clean surface is important for each step of the application and the use of
protective covers over worker’s shoes is recommended.
11. MAINTENANCE
Ii. WARRANTY

-177-
WEIGHT CRITICAL DECKING SYSTEM
POLYMERIC - EPOXY RESIN WITH COLORED FLAXES
This system includes an epoxy resin with imbedded color flakes that provides a
lightweight deck system for use in weight critical ships.
The flakes can be installed in either a clear or pigmented resin and provides 100%
flake coverage over the area installed.
Weight reduction in ships increases economy of operation, distance traveled per

unit of fuel used and provides increased speeds.
The normal thickness of this system is l/16 inch and it is generally installed over
a lightweight underlayment used to smooth out low spots, weld marks and uneven
deck surfaces.
2. FEATURES
Lightweight - 0.56 pounds per square foot 1/16 inch thick.
Good flexibility.
Wide range of color combinations.
Good abrasion resistance.
Moderate cost range.

-178-
Light Weight Epoxy (continued)
CF - 100 American Safety Technologies, Inc.
Dex-0-Tex Colorflake M Crossfield Products Corp.
Selbaflor Selby, Battersby & Co.

Passageways
Berthing areas
Lounge areas
Crew utility areas
Weight critical ship’s spaces.
Designed for interior spaces only.
Not used in heavy foot traffic or fork lift truck traffic.
Usually requires an underlayment.
Random chip pattern not recommended due to lack of uniformity.
Clear glaze coat needs reapplication due to traffic from time to time.
Weight - Not to exceed 3.0 pound, per square foot, per l/4 inch thick.
-179-
Indentation - A load of 2000 pounds for 30 minutes shall indent a maximum of 10%
of thickness.

MIL-STD-1623.
shown.
Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -

Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1
A. Preparation
B. Underlayment (if required)
Trowel apply, to thickness required, a filled epoxy underlayment or a lightweight

neoprene underlayment, similar to materials that meet MIL-D-3135 Type 1.
C. Receiving Coat
Use either a clear epoxy or a pigmented epoxy catalyzed system to receive

color flakes. Mix resin and curing agent in recommended proportions. Apply
with trowel or squeege and smooth out trowel marks with short nap, mohair
roller.
D. Flaking Application
Broadcast, pre-mixed flakes in colors selected, into the receiving coat while
it is still wet. Flakes must be sprinkled in uniform thickness until full area
is covered. Mechanic should wear golf shoes to walk into wet receiving coat.
Note: Maximum job satisfaction occurs when flake pattern is a blend of colors
rather than a solid color.
-180-
E. Grout Coat
Sweep up flakes that have not adhered when receiving coat system has cured.
Apply one coat of clear epoxy coating over flakes with trowel or squeege and
pass a short nap mohair roller over coating to smooth the epoxy.
F. Sanding
When first grout coat has cured lightly, sand the surface to eliminate any curled
edges of the flakes. Remove sanding dust with vacuum pickup. Mechanic
must not let any dirt get on the floor or next coat will lock dirt in the system.
G. Finish Coat
Apply clear epoxy finish coat exactly as was done in Step E.
If a smooth finish is desired, additional finish coats can be applied.
Mechanics must keep dirt, oil or grease from getting on the floor after the flaking
operation has been complete as clear finish coats will overlay them and make
them a permanent part of the finished floor.
Blend flakes thoroughly to have uniform color distribution but blend them gently
to prevent breaking them into fine powder.
Deck must be free of water during installation and curing period.
Important to do an “extra-good” job of removal of sanding dust before applying

clear grout and finish coats.
Be certain to properly ventilate area during installation.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

This system is identical to Polymeric Decorative Flake Decking - Epoxy Type

under the section on Decorative Systems. Utilize the Construction Details for
that product when using it for weight critical decking.
-181-
WEIGHT CRlTICAL DECKING SYSTEM
POLYMERIC - ELASTOMERIC URETHANE RESIN WITH COLORED FLAKES
An elastomeric urethane resin with imbedded color flakes that provides a lightweight
deck-system for applications in weight critical ships.
The urethane is generally pigmented at the base coat level and the flakes can be
imbedded into it or into a clear urethane applied over the base coat.
The marine industry, and particularly the Navy, design weight critical vessels to
increase speed without increasing propulsion requirements, to lower fuel costs
and to increase the distance range of travel on same amount of fuel.
Lightweight vessels have lighter metals, wider frame spacing and thinner outer
skin which requires decking materials that have high flexibility and elasticity to
reduce vibration and flexing stresses.
The normal installation thickness is l/8 inch but in some areas such as officer space,
berthing areas and similar locations the material has beeninstalled as thin as 80
mils. At this thin an application the wearing qualities are not as good as the 1/8
inch system.
2. FEATURES
Light weight - 0.97 pounds per square foot per 1/8 inch thick.
Flexible.
Corrosion and abrasion resistant.
Elastic.
Wide range of color combinations.
Install in full flake pattern for best field results.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-24613, Type II, Class 2

to change.
-182-
Light Weight Urethane (continued)
Proreco I, Marine Deck Coating Products Research & Chemical

Corporation

Berthing area
Passageways
Lounge areas
Crew utility areas
Weight critical design like CG-47 Series and the DDG-51 Series.
Designed for interior spaces only.
Use in areas of light to moderate personnel traffic.
Cost in high range of deck coverings.
Random chip pattern not recommended due to lack of uniformity.
Numerous application steps and coats.
Glaze must be reapplied due to traffic wear.
Usually requires an underlayment.
Weight - Proreco I - 0.97 pounds per square foot l/8 inch thick.
PRC PR-1539-L Underlayment - 1.11 pounds per square foot l/8 inch thick.
Latex Mastic Type I - 0.875 pounds per square foot l/8 inch thick.
-183-
Indentation - A load of 2000 pounds for 30 minutes shall indent a maximum of 10%
of thickness.

MIL-STD-1623.
shown.
Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0 . 1
A. Preparation
The metal decks must be abraded to a minimum of a bright metal finish

preferably with a shot blast machine or other satisfactory abrader.
B. Prime Coat
Immediately after abrading surface, apply manufacturer’s recommended prime

coat to reduce corrosion possibilities. If prime coat is not covered within
24 hours, reprime the surface.
Low spots, depressions, pitch to drains and fairing the welds should be corrected
using an underlayment such as latex mastic, Types I or II, a polyurethane resin
- powder underlayment mixture, or an epoxy resin type.
-184-
D. Base Coat
Thoroughly mix the two components and apply to deck by conventional or notch
trowel or roller to thickness required. Apply material in small quantities to
eliminate thick buildup. Sprinkle approximately half the quantity of preblended
flakes into the wet base coat and allow it to dry.
Roller apply another coat of clear urethane and sprinkle the remaining half
of the preblended flakes into it while it is wet. Impregnate the chips with
the urethane by compacting them with the roller. Allow overnight curing.
Note: Maximum job satisfaction occurs when flake pattern is a blend of colors
rather than a solid color.
E. Sealer
Apply two to six additional coats of a fast curing clear polyurethane to obtain
the finish desired. Aftr the second clear coat, sand lightly to remove any
curled edges of the flakes.
Abrade surface to provide a bright metal finish.
Surface must be dry and temperature between 40° F. and 120° F.
If surface is solvent wiped, change cloths continually to prevent spreading oil

and dirt from the cloths.
Mechanics to wear protective covers over shoes to prevent dirt from being walked
on decking material.
Install necessary underlayment to eliminate low spots and depressions.
Mix thoroughly, 3 to 5 minutes, so full chemical reaction takes place.
Provide proper ventilation for removal of solvents.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

This system is identical to Polymeric Decorative Flake Decking - Elastomeric

Urethane Type under the section on Decorative Systems. Utilize the Construction
Details for that product when using it for weight critical decking;
-185-
RECREATIONAL AND EXERCISE DECKING SYSTEMS
NEOPRENE RESIN DECKING
A trowel applied neoprene resin system, applied l/4 inch thick for use in
recreational and exercise spaces. System can be turned up the bulkhead to
form a cove base, generally 4 to 6 inches high.
Material is installed in areas where sports such as basketball, volleyball,

badminton and similar activities are played. Also used for exercise and
calisthenics activities. When heavy weights and high impact loads are anticipated,
floor mats should be placed over the decking in area of this activity.
Material will not warp, buckle or be affected by water and is fire retardant.
System is easy and economical to refinish. Provides uniform ball bounce
eliminating dead spots and is comfortable to play on.
2. FEATURES
Uniform ball action.

Comfortable under foot.
Fire retardant
Unaffected by water.
Can be used for multipurpose athletic and social activities.
There is no specific specification for recreational deck systems. However,

some MIL-D-3134 and ASTM tests are used for physical properties testing.

to change.

Gym-Flor III Crossfield Products Corp.
Selbagym 325 Selby, Battersby & Co.

Gymnasiums Tennis Courts

Volleyball courts Badminton Courts
Jogging Track Calisthenics Activities
-186-
Neoprene Recreation Deck (continued)
Use floor mats when area is used for weight lifting and equipment that generates
high impact.
Use higher compressive strength material under roll-out bleachers to resist

heavy impact loads.
Do not use spiked shoes or football cleats on this system.
Weight - 2.8 pounds per square foot at l/4 inch thickness.
Compressive Strength - 5000 pounds per square foot or higher - ASTM C-579.
Tensile Strength - 925 pounds per square foot - ASTM C-190
Fire Resistance - Rated fire retardant when tested in accordance with

MIL-STD-1623.
Indentation - Initial indentation of 0.002 inches or 0.8%, at l/4 inch thickness

when tested in accordance with MIL-D-3134.
Impact Resistance - Indent of 0.025 inches with no cracking, chipping or

detachment when tested under MIL-D-3134.
A. Preparation
B. Prime Coat
Apply thin coat of resin and powders to properly prepared substructure.
C. Body Coat
Mix liquid resin and powders to a trowelable mixture and apply with trowel
to approximately l/4 inch thick.
Neoprene Recreation Deck (continued)
D. Grout Coat
If body coat is not smooth enough, sand surface with mechanical sanding
equipment using a 3 l/2 open coat 3M paper. Sweep floor clean of sanding
dust.
Mix liquid resin and powder and apply by edge troweling in a thin film to
fill any declivities. Allow to dry l-2 hours, or as necessary. Sand surface
with 1-E paper and sweep up dust.
If floor still is not smooth, do a second grout application following the

same procedures.
E. Color Coat
Apply by short nap mohair roller two coats of waterbased acrylic (or similar)
coating allowing recommended drying time between coats.
F. Game Lines
If intended use is sports activity that requires game lines, these should
be laid out on floor areas properly masked and game lines applied.
G. Two coats of clear finish coats are applied to protect the game lines from
wearing out. Clear material to be 100% solids epoxy or 40% to 60% urethane
or combination of both. Clear urethane has higher abrasion resistance
and clear epoxy deposits higher film thickness.
Temperature of deck must be 600 F. or higher, for 48 hours before and after
installation as well as during the installation.
Water based materials must be stored in temperatures above freezing and

preferably between 600 and 800 F.
Final finish is an option of 100% epoxy or a clear urethane resin system. While
the urethane has much higher abrasion resistance, it is necessary to have a
fire watch and proper ventilation to exhaust high solvents in the urethane
mixture.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

-188-
RECREATIONAL AND EXERCISE DECKING SYSTEM
-189-
NON-SKID DECK COVERING
GENERAL PURPOSE, NON-LANDING AREA, HIGH DURABILITY
DOD-C-24667 TYPE lA/1B
COMPOSITION G, GRADE A, CLASS 1
A high solids, high durability, high abrasive non-skid deck covering formulated
for installation in non-landing areas such as weather decks, walkways, bridge wings
and similar areas. The high surface profile damages steel arresting cable and is
not used in aircraft landing or cable run-out areas.
This system is formulated to provide high durability, high wear resistance and
excellent adhesion to steel and resists rust creeping if a fracture ever occurs. It
is available in both a high and low volatile organic content.
Provides safe footing for personnel and a non-slip surface for flight mobile equipment
and aircraft. Resists fire, jet blasts and chemical spillage of jet fuel, hydraulic
fluid and other chemicals, and is applied by roller or brush.
2. FEATURES
Provides high durability and extended life expectancy.
High abrasion resistance provides excellent non-slip properties.
Resists blast from jets and is fire retardant.
Excellent adhesion and weathering qualities.
Corrosion resistance protects against rust creep, if system ever develops a crack.
Resists jet fuel, gasoline, hydraulic fluids and similar chemicals.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

DOD-C-24667 Type lA/lB
Composition G, Grade A, Class 1

change.
-190-
Non-Landing/High Durability (continued)
Type 1A High Volatile and Type 1B Low Volatile
MS-400G American Safety Technologies, Inc.

Hangar decks
Weather decks
Walking and working traffic areas
Passageways
Where rolling equipment is used
Helicopter pads and vertical take-off areas
Aircraft elevators
Bridge wings
Carrier flight deck, but not in landing and cable run-out areas.
Where use conditions require a material of highest durability.
Not to be installed in aircraft landing areas or cable run-out areas.
Deck surface must be grit-blasted to near white metal (SA 2.5).
Do not use on ammunition carrying ships to avoid any sparking of hard surface
by any kind of impact.
Do not install in areas where a smooth easy to clean surface is required.
Must use manufacturer’s recommended primer.
Material is applied by roller or notch trowel, cannot be sprayed.
-191-
Fire Resistance - Shall conform to fire test requirements set forth in

MIL-STD-1623.
Resistance to Impact - Resist series of 2 pound steel balls dropped from 8 foot
height in accordance with procedures set forth in
DOD-C-24667 and wear shall not exceed
Grade A 95% in 4 days

100% in 14 days
Resistance to Wear - Tests run on U.S. Government wear testing machine in

accordance with procedures set forth in DOD-C-24667
and wear shall not exceed
Grade A 10%
Resistance to
Accelerated
Corrosion- No loss of adhesion, separation between layers or corrosion
of steel beyond 3/8 inch radius from center of impact area
when tested in accordance with procedures set forth in
DOD-C-24667.
Resistance to
Immersion - Sample shall not soften, lose adhesion, separate, lose color
or show signs of deterioration when tested in accordance
with procedures set forth in DOD-C-24667.
Weather Resistance - No cracking, checking, loss of adhesion or separation with

a maximum chalking rating of 6 when tested in accordance
A. Preparation
The harsh use conditions and extreme exposure to all types of weather demand
meticulous preparation of the surfaces to receive non-skid decking.
If work time is not available to do preparation and installation according to

full instructions, do not start the job as it will fail and need to be redone.
The deck cannot be “good enough” - it must be clean enough to withstand the
white glove test.
-192-
Grit blast surface to SA 2.5 (near white metal).
Do not use grinding machine as it polishes the steel deck and the primer will
peel off the polished surface, use grit blast machine.
In corners a deck crawler, if in proper condition to clean, can be used.
Make certain the steel around the catapult is as hard as the deck steel, otherwise
the grit blast unit will tear it up.
B. Prime Coat
Use primer recommended by non-skid manufacturer.
Prime the grit blasted surface as soon as possible, but always the day the steel
was blasted to protect against corrosion.
Primer must always be applied a minimum of 1 mil thicker than the depth of
the grit blast. If 2.5 mils blast is used, the primer must be installed 3.5 mils
to cover high points.
Mix base material and hardener in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

Do not thin material but apply in consistency received from manufacturer.
Apply with roller or notched trowel.
Deck temperature can only be a minimum of 50° F. and a maximum of 120° F.
If anyone walks on primer or spills coffee, soda or anything else, the deck
must be reblasted and reprimed.
C. Non-Skid Body Coat
Install only over properly blasted and primed steel deck. Body coat must be
applied to prime coat within 24 hours of the installation of the prime coat.
If more than 24 hours, reprime with a 1 mil thick coat of primer.
Mix base material and hardener and apply to properly cured prime coat in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
Deck temperature must be between 50° F. and 120° F. Temperatures below

70 F. lengthen the cure time and above 70 F. speed up the cure time.
Apply using the recommended notched trowel or a roller.
A hard core phenolic roller allows the majority of the non-skid aggregate to
be visible and produces a high profile.
A short nap mohair roller produces a lower profile surface which is not as
rough.
-193-
D. Color Topping
Apply color topping in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. The

function of the color topping is for a visual landing aid and safety markings.
This material must only be installed by a trained and qualified mechanic.
The person mixing the materials must be thoroughly trained and dedicated to
following mixing instructions completely, otherwise an improperly mixed material
will result in a decking failure.
Never install when minimum temperature range is not available, in high humidity,
in inclement weather or when there is a high probability of rain. These conditions
interfere with the chemical interaction and poor adhesion results which lead to
traffic failure and loss of bond.
Do not attempt to install while ship is underway as weather and humidity conditions
are not favorable and waves hitting the ship cause material to vary in thickness
which results in failure of the non-skid.
When applying by roller, eliminate ridges caused by roller but do not overwork
the non-skid.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Contact individual manufacturer and/or installer for specific warranty on product

selected.,
-194-
GENERAL PURPOSE, NON-LANDING AREA, STANDARD DURABILITY
DOD-C-24667 TYPE lA/1B
COMPOSITION G, GRADE B, CLASS 1
A high abrasive, non-skid deck covering formulated to provide standard durability

and designed for installation in non-landing areas such as weather decks, walkways,
bridge wings and similar areas. The high surface profile damages steel arresting
cable and is not used in aircraft landing or cable run-out areas.
This system is high in wear resistance, has standard durability, excellent adhesion
to steel and resists rust creeping if a fracture ever occurs. It is available in both
a high and low volatile organic content.
Provides safe footing for personnel and a non-slip surface for flight mobile equipment
and aircraft. Resists fire, jet blasts and chemical spillage of jet fuel, hydraulic
fluid and other chemicals, and is applied by roller or brush.
2. FEATURES
Provides standard durability and life expectancy.
High abrasion resistance provides excellent non-slip properties.
Resists blast from jets and is fire retardant.
Corrosion resistance protects against rust creep, if system ever develops a crack.
Resists jet fuel, gasoline, hydraulic fluids and similar chemicals.
Composition G, Grade B, Class 1

change.
Non-Landing/Standard Durability (continued)
Type 1A High Volatile

Phillyclad 3 00 Philadelphia Resins Corporation
Type 1B Low Volatile
Devgrip 237 HR Devoe Coatings Co.

referenced.
Hangar decks
Weather decks
Walking and working traffic areas
Passageways
Where rolling equipment is used
Helicopter pads and vertical take-off areas
Aircraft elevators
Bridge wings
Carrier flight deck, but not in landing and cable run-out areas.
Where material of standard durability satisfies use requirements.
Not to be installed in aircraft landing areas or cable run-out areas.
Deck surface must be grit-blasted to near white metal (SA 2.5).
Do not use on ammunition carrying ships to avoid any sparking of hard surface
by any kind of impact.
-196-

MIL-STD-1623.
Resistance to Impact- Resist series of 2 pound steel balls dropped from 8 foot
Grade B 70% in 4 days

90% in 14 days

accordance with procedures set forth in DOD-C-24667 and
wear shall not exceed
Grade B 40%
Resistance to
Accelerated
Corrosion - No loss of adhesion, separation between layers or corrosion
DOD-C-24667.
Resistance to

A. Preparation
-197-

white glove test.
B. Prime Coat

Deck temperature can only be a minimum of 50° F. and a maximum of 120° F.
Deck temperature must be between 50° oF. and 120° F. Temperatures below
-198-
rough.
D. Color Topping

the non-skid.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

selected.
-199-
LANDING AREA, HIGH DURABILITY
DOD-C-24667 TYPE 1A/1B
COMPOSITION L, GRADE A, CLASS 1
This system is a non-skid deck coating designed for use on carrier landing decks
that provides high traction for the aircraft and low abrasion resistance to the
arresting cable.
System is designed to provide high durability, excellent adhesion to steel and to

withstand the high abuse of many aircraft landings. It prevents rust and rust
creepage if material is ever fractured.
Can be installed in both exterior and interior spaces, is fire retardant and is available
in both high and low volatile organic content.
2. FEATURES
Designed for use in aircraft landing and cable run-out areas.
Provides high durability and extended life expectancy under aircraft landing activity.
High solids resin system.
Excellent non-skid protection for rolling equipment, aircraft and personnel.
Resists blasts from jet airplanes and is fire retardant.
High corrosion resistance, protects against rust creep, if surface ever cracks.
Resists jet fuel, hydraulic fluid, oil, grease and similar chemicals.

Composition L, Grade A, Class 1

-200-
Landing/High Durability (continued)
Type 1A High Volatile and Type 1B Low Volatile
MS-400L American Safety Technologies, Inc.
Note: Organizations listed are. representative but not

Landing deck areas of aircraft carrier
Cable run-out areas
Hangar decks and all other non-skid areas, if higher cost permits its selection
Helicopter landing areas
Surface to be covered must be grit-blasted to near white metal (SA 2.5).
Higher price often restricts use in areas other than landing deck and cable run-out
areas.

MIL-STD-1623.
Grade A 95% in 4 days

100% in 14 days
-201-

Grade A 10%
Resistance to
Accelerated
DOD-C-24667.
Resistance to

A. Preparation

white glove test.
-202-
B. Prime Coat

Deck temperature can only be a minimum of 500 F. and a maximum of 1200 F.
Deck temperature must be between 500 F. and 120° F. Temperatures below

rough.
D. Color Topping

-203-
the-non-skid.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

selected.
-204-
LANDING AREA, STANDARD DURABILITY
DOD-C-24667 TYPE lA/lB
COMPOSITION L, GRADE B, CLASS 1
This system is a non-skid deck coating designed for use on carrier landing decks
that provides high traction for the aircraft and low abrasion resistance to the
arresting cable.
It provides standard durability, excellent adhesion to steel and withstands the high
abuse of many aircraft landings. It prevents rust and rust creepage if material
is ever fractured.
Can be installed in both exterior and interior spaces, is fire retardant and is available
in both high and low volatile organic content.
2. FEATURES
Designed for use in aircraft landing and cable run-out areas.
Provides standard durability and life expectancy under aircraft landing activity.
Provides excellent non-skid protection for rolling equipment, aircraft and personnel.
Resists blasts from jet airplanes and is fire retardant.
Resists jet fuel, hydraulic fluid, oil, grease and similar chemicals.
High corrosion resistance, protects against rust creep, if surface ever cracks.
High solids resin system.
Composition L, Grade B, Class 1

-205-
Landing/Standard Durability (continued)
Type 1A High Volatile
Type lB Low Volatile
Devgrip 237AR Devoe Coatings Co.

Landing deck areas of aircraft carrier.
Cable run-out areas.
Hangar decks and all other non-skid areas, if higher cost permits its selection.
Helicopter landing areas.
Deck surface to be covered must be grit-blasted to near white metal (SA 2.5).
Higher price often restricts use in areas other than landing deck and cable run-out
areas.

MIL-STD-1623.
-206-
Grade B 70% in 4 days

90% in 14 days

Grade B 40%
Resistance to
Accelerated
DOD-C-24667.
Resistance to

A. Preparation

white glove test.
-207-
B. Prime Coat

Deck temperature can only be a minimum of 50 0 F. and a maximum of 1200 F.
Deck temperature must be between 50° F. and 120° F. Temperatures below

rough.
D. Color Topping

-208-
in inclement weather or when there is a high probability of rain., These conditions
the non-skid.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

selected.
-209-
GENERAL PURPOSE, NON-LANDING AREA AND HELO PADS
MIL-D-23003, TYPE III
A high abrasive, non-skid deck covering material designed for exterior and interior
use in non-landing areas of carrier. It is used in work and walking areas of carrier
decks, on weather decks and helicopter landing areas.
Finished material provides high, non-slip traction, has excellent adhesion, wear
resistance and weathering qualities. Surface has non-slip properties designed
for personnel and flight mobile equipment and other aircraft servicing equipment.
Can be applied by roller or notched trowel.
2. FEATURES
Excellent abrasion resistance and adhesion.
Fire retardant.
Resists spillage of aircraft fluids.
Exterior and interior areas.
Resists rust creepage if coating is ever fractured.
Resists heat and blast of jets.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-23003 A

to change.
-210-
Non-Landing, Type III (continued)
MS300C American Safety Technologies, Inc.

MS300A American Safety Technologies, Inc.
Devgrip 237HR Devoe Marine Coatings Co.
Devgrip 237AR Devoe Marine Coatings Co.
Phillyclad 3 00 Philadelphia Resins Corporation
PR-1139-R Products Research & Chemical Corporation
589-F-7 The Valspar Corporation

Weather decks
Exterior walkways
Hanger decks
Aircraft elevators
Under rolling service equipment
Exterior signal and work stations
Helicopter landing areas.
Do not install in aircraft landing or cable run-out areas.
Must use manufacturer’s recommended primer and color topping.
Deck must be grit blasted to SA 2.5, near white metal.
PR-ll39-R tends to produce a large amount of static electricity. Treating with

anti-static material reduces static electricity but causes deck slipperiness.
7. COST COEFFICIENT General Purpose 1.74 Helo Pads 4.63


of 30 mils.
Resistance to Impact - Material to withstand 25 impacts of a 2 pound solid

steel ball dropped from height of 8 feet, with no chipping,
cracking or peeling.

jet fuel JP-5, hydraulic fluid, ethyl alcohol and
detergent, as set forth in MIL-D-23003, and shall
not soften, lose adhesion, discolor or deteriorate
in any other manner.
Non-slip Properties - The coefficient of friction to be 0.90 for a dry, wet and
oily surface condition.
A. Preparation
Surface should be grit blasted to SA 2.5, near white metal profile. Where
a grit blaster cannot be used, prepare surface with power tool that will
abrade the steel, but do not leave a polished surface as that is difficult
to adhere to.
The harsh use conditions and extreme exposure to all types of weather
demand meticulous preparation of the surface to receive non-skid decking.
Keep all traffic off deck except the installers of the non-skid decking.
If the cleaned surface or prime coat is contaminated by dirt, oil, grease,
food, beverage or other liquid or solid materials, re-shotblast the surface
and prime.
In corners, a deck crawler, if in proper condition to clean, can be used.
B. Prime Coat
Use prime coat recommended by manufacturer of non-skid.
Prime the grit blasted surface as soon as possible, but always the day the
steel was blasted, to protect against corrosion.
-212-
Prime coat to be applied a minimum of one mil thicker than the depth
of the grit blast.
Mix the two components in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

Apply with roller or notch trowel
Deck temperature should range between 500 F. and 120° F.
If anyone walks on primer or spills something on it, the primer must be

removed and deck reprimed.
Install only over properly blasted and primed steel deck. Body coat must
be applied to prime coat within 24 hours of the installation of the prime
coat. If more than 24 hours, reprime with a one mil thick coat of primer.
Mix two components thoroughly and apply to properly cured prime coat
in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
Deck temperature to be between 500 F. and 1200 F.
(a) Roller Application
Use a phenolic, hard core roller and apply in uniform manner so the
majority of the non-slip aggregate is visible. This will produce a heavy,
non-slip profile.
A short nap roller provides a lower profile or a less coarse surface.
Use an experienced mechanic trained in the application of non-skid

systems and apply material so the best visible appearance is obtained
with the least amount of rolling.
(b) Notched Trowel
For a high profile finish, used in landing of hummer type airplane, apply
with notched trowel, about l/4” x l/4” x 3/8” and the point of the notch
is straight across.
0
Hold trowel at a 60 angle and apply material uniformly.
(c) Color Topping
Apply color topping in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

The function of the color topping is for a visual landing aid and safety
markings.
-213-
Material to be applied by a trained and qualified mechanic.
The person mixing the materials must be thoroughly trained and dedicated
to following mixing instructions completely, otherwise, an improperly mixed
material will result in a decking failure.
Never install when recommended temperature range cannot be maintained,

in high humidity, in inclement weather or when there is a high probability
of rain. These conditions interfere with the chemical interaction and poor
adhesion results which leads to traffic failure and loss of bond.
High deck temperatures shorten drying and working time and lower temperatures
and high humidity lengthens drying and working time.
When spraying this material it is critical to clean out equipment with solvents
for epoxies every one to two hours to prevent build-up and hardening within
the equipment.
Do not attempt to install while ship is underway as weather and humidity

conditions are not favorable and waves hitting the ship cause material to vary
in thickness which results in failure of the non-skid.
Do not allow material to build up too thickly at the deck welds. Apply material
across welds and not along them.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Contact ‘individual manufacturer and/or installer for specific warranty on

product selected.
-214-
LANDING AND CABLE RUN-OUT AREAS
MIL-D-23003, TYPE IV
This system is a non-abrasive type of non-skid deck covering for use on aircraft
carrier landing and cable run-out areas. Can be used on exterior and interior
decks.
The material provides a very high coefficient of friction that produces positive
stopping of aircraft landing at high speeds.
Material has excellent adhesion to properly prepared steel decks, is fire retardant,
resists very high heats of the jet blasts and is resistant to organic liquids and
other chemicals encountered in aircraft carrier landing areas.
2. FEATURES
Performs well in landing and cable run-out areas.
Excellent non-skid properties.
Good weathering qualities.
Good resistance to spillage of hydraulic fluids and other chemicals encountered

in aircraft areas.
Withstands high heats generated by blasts of jets.
Approved for use on all classes of navy ships.
Can be used on aircraft elevators and interior storage spaces but it must be
understood it is higher in price than other non-skids, such as Type III.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-23003 A

-215-
Landing, Type IV (continued)
MS-300A American Safety Technologies, Inc.

Devgrip 237AR Devoe Marine Coatings Co.
589-F-7 The Valspar Corporation

referenced.
Aircraft carrier landing decks
Cable run-out areas
Helicopter landing areas
Surface must be grit blasted to SA 2.5, near white metal.
Must use manufacturer’s recommended primer and color topping.
High cost generally prohibits its use on weather decks and interior spaces.

of 30 mils.
Resistance to Impact - Material to withstand 25 impacts of a 2 pound solid

steel ball dropped from height of 8 feet, with no chipping,
cracking or peeling.

jet fuel JP-5, hydraulic fluid, ethyl alcohol and
detergent, as set forth in MIL-D-23003, and shall
not soften, lose adhesion, discolor or deteriorate
in any other manner.
Non-slip Properties - The coefficient of friction to be 0.90 for a dry, wet and
oily surface condition.
-216-
A. Preparation
Surface should be grit blasted to SA 2.5, near white metal profile. Where
a grit blaster cannot be used, prepare surface with power tool that will
abrade the steel, but do not leave a polished surface as that is difficult
to adhere to.
The harsh use conditions and extreme exposure to all types of weather
demand meticulous preparation of the surface to receive non-skid decking.
Keep all traffic off deck except the installers of the non-skid decking.
If the cleaned surface or prime coat is contaminated by dirt, oil, grease,
food, beverage or other liquid or solid materials, re-shotblast the surface
and prime.
In corners, a deck crawler, if in proper condition to clean, can be used.
B. Prime Coat
Use prime coat recommended by manufacturer of non-skid.
Prime the grit blasted surface as soon as possible, but always the day the
steel was blasted, to protect against corrosion.
Prime coat to be applied a minimum of one mil thicker than the depth
of the grit blast.
Mix the two components in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

Apply with roller or notch trowel
Deck temperature should range between 50° F. and 120° F.
If anyone walks on primer or spills something on it, the primer must be

removed and deck reprimed.
Install only over properly blasted and primed steel deck. Body coat must
be applied to prime coat within 24 hours of the installation of the prime
coat. If more than 24 hours, reprime with a one mil thick coat of primer.
Mix two components thoroughly and apply to properly cured prime coat
in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
-217-
Deck temperature to be between 50° F. and 1200 F.
(a) Roller Application
Use a phenolic, hard core roller and apply in uniform manner so the
majority of the non-slip aggregate is visible. This will produce a heavy,
non-slip profile.
A short nap roller provides a lower profile or a less coarse surface.
Use an experienced mechanic trained in the application of non-skid

systems and apply material so the best visible appearance is obtained
with the least amount of rolling.
(b) Notched Trowel
For a high profile finish, used in landing of hummer type airplane, apply
with notched trowel, about l/4" x l/4" x 3/8" and the point of the notch
is straight across.
Hold trowel at a 60° angle and apply material uniformly.
(c) Color Topping
Apply color topping in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

The function of the color topping is for a visual landing aid and safety
markings.
Material to be applied by a trained and qualified mechanic.
The person mixing the materials must be thoroughly trained and dedicated
to following mixing instructions completely, otherwise, an improperly mixed
material will result in a decking failure.
Never install when recommended temperature range cannot be maintained,

in high humidity, in inclement weather or when there is a high probability
of rain. These conditions interfere with the chemical interaction and poor
adhesion results which leads to traffic failure and loss of bond.
High deck temperatures shorten drying and working time and lower temperatures
and high humidity lengthens drying and working time.
Do not attempt to install while ship is underway as weather and humidity

conditions are not favorable and waves hitting the ship cause material to vary
in thickness which results in failure of the non-skid.
Do not allow material to build up too thickly at deck welds. Apply material
across welds and not along them.
-218-
1l. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Contact individual manufacturer and/or installer for specific warranty on

product selected.
-219-
SPRAY APPLIED, LIGHTWEIGHT, NON-LANDING AREA
MIL-D-24483, TYPE I
A spray applied, lightweight, non-slip deck covering system for use in all exterior
passageways and interior decks and can be used in all types of ships. Provides
non-slip surface and safe footing for personnel and is highly non-slip.
Can be installed on both exterior and interior areas. It has excellent adhesion,
wear resistance, weathering qualities and is fire retardant.
2. FEATURES
Heavy duty, high abrasive, non-skid surface.
Material is fire retardant and has excellent weathering qualities.
Applied by spray application.
High in chemical resistance.
Approved for use on all clases of Navy ships.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-D-24483, TYPE I

to change.
MS-2000 American Safety Technologies, Inc.

Epoxo 2000 XA
Devgrip 237 H Devoe Marine Coatings Co.
PM 1066 Palmer International, Inc.

PM 1066A
PR-1139-HP Products Research & Chemical Corp.

PR-ll39-HP, Type II

referenced.
-220-
Non-Landing Spray (continued)
5. -AREAS OF GENERAL USE
Exterior passageways
Interior decks.
Must be applied by spray application.
Manufacturer’s approved primer and color topping must be used.
Flammable mixture with some hazardous ingredients. Use recommended safety

equipment and provide proper ventilation.
Must only be used in an area that allows for spray application procedures.
Do not install where a smooth, easy to clean, surface is required.
Weight - Must not exceed 4 ounces per square foot.
Fire Resistance - Shall conform to fire test requirements set forth in MIL-STD-1623.
Resistance to Impact - Sample shall be subjected to 25 impacts of a 2 pound steel

ball dropped from height of 5 feet. Sample must have
a minimum rating of 95% dry and 30% after sample has
been immersed in sea water for 15 days.
Resistance to Wear - Sample to have maximum reduction in thickness of 25 mils

when tested on Federal Government wear test equipment.
Resistance to Accelerated Corrosion - Three samples coated as per test requirements

shall undergo 15 day immersion test in sea
water, having previously been subjected
to impact test. Deck covering material
shall not become detached.
Resistance to Immersion - No softening, loss of adhesion, discoloration or other

form of deterioration when immersed for 24 hours in
6 different organic fluids and a detergent.
The manufacturer’s Application Instructions must be strictly followed.
-221-
A. Preparation
The extreme weather exposure demands meticulous preparation of the surfaces

to receive non-skid decking.

_ full instructions, do not start the job as it will fail and need to be redone.
white glove test.
B. Prime Coat
to cover high points. It must be coated with body coat within 24 to 48 hours,
otherwise surface must be cleaned and reprimed.
Mix base material and hardener and apply by spray application in accordance
with manufacturer’s instructions.
Deck temperature can only be a minimum of 50° F, and a maximum of 120° F.
Install only over properly blasted and primed steel deck.
Using recommended equipment and air pressure, spray apply mixed material
at recommended coverage per gallon, to provide l/32" to l/16" thickness in
-222-
D. Color Topping
Spray apply color topping in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions as

required.
Deck temperature at time of application should be between 50°F and 120° F.

Temperatures below 70° F. lengthen the cure time and above 70 F. speed up
the cure time.
Apply primer immediately after cleaning deck and before corrosion has a chance
to get started.
Surface preparation is most important in success of non-skid systems.
Full cure requires 4 to 5 days at 70° F.
Mechanic must wear safety equipment recommended by manufacturer, particularly

rubber gloves and goggles.
Solvents in formulation are flammable in wet state so follow all standard procedures
to prevent a fire during mixing and installing.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

selected.
-223-
NON-SKID DECKING
NON-SKID DECKING NON-SKID DECKING

FOR NON-LANDING AREAS FOR LANDING AREAS
COLOR TOPPING
FOR
GRIT BLAS T SURFACE PRIM1 OAT VISUAL LANDING AID
- D E C K P L A T E
-224-
REEFER BOX SYSTEM
LATEX MASTIC DECK COVERING
Reefer boxes are used for storage of food used in consumption by crew and
passengers. The decking must withstand rough usage and meet the insulation
requirements established by the ship designers.
Heavy duty reefer boxes are very large and must withstand heavy foot and fork
lift truck activities.
General purpose reefer boxes are generally smaller and are subjected to foot
traffic and hand cart traffic.
The type and thickness of the insulation selected is the responsibility of the
Naval Architect or Marine Engineer.
IMPORTANT: TEMPERATURE REDUCTION PROCEDURES

The “Pull Down” procedure is most important to follow to avoid physical stress
damage to reefer box. The recommended procedure is described in Section
10 “Installation Cautions.”
2. FEATURES
Provides sufficient insulation to preserve food contained therein from spoiling.
Utilizes “rat proofing” on the exterior perimeter of the reefer box to prevent
vermin entry and protect food and health of all concerned.
Incorporates a troweled waterproof membrane to prevent moisture from getting

into the insulation.
Has a finished surfacing that withstands the traffic load that reefer box will receive.
Styrofoam is often specified because it does not absorb moisture. It is generally

4 inches thick in cooler boxes and 6 to 8 inches in freezers.
No current specification in use.

Selbatuf/Promdek W.P. Membrane

- High Density Insulation Block Selby, Battersby & Co.
Dex-0-Tex P6l/Neoprene Membrane

- High Density Insulation Block Crossfield Products Corp.

-225-
Reefer Boxes (continued)
Reefer boxes, freezer boxes and cooler boxes.
“Pull Down” procedure to reach temperature to be maintained in reefer box

is a slow procedure taking 9 to 10 days, so do not install decking in this area
unless sufficient total installation and “Pull Down” time is available.
Weight - Approximately 10 to 20 pounds per square foot depending on which

system is selected.
Fire Rating - Fire retardant.
Toxicity - Non-Toxic.
Other properties are based on system selected and would be similar to properties
off Latex Mastic, MIL-D-3134 Type II, Deck Covering.

Wet Oily Dry Wet Oily
Leather 0.6 0.5 - 0.3 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0 . 1
9 . APPLICATION METHODS
The Manufacturer’s Application Instructions must be strictly followed,
I. General Application steps for heavy duty type reefer boxes:
A. Preparation
Follow instructions under DECK PREPARATION as contained in

this Manual.
-226-
B. Insulation Blocks
Generally a high density thermal insulation, similar to Styrofoam,

is installed with a special adhesive for this insulation. It is installed
to the type, thickness and method set forth by the specifier. Blocks
generally installed in two layers in 900 direction to each other.
C. Concrete Course
Install l-1/2 to 2 inches of reinforced, Portland Cement over the

insulation.
D. Waterproof Membrane
Install neoprene waterproof membrane, reinforced with non-directional

fibreglas mat (212 x Type), over the concrete, to prevent moisture
from getting in the insulation.
E. Traffic Surface
Directly over the membrane install 3/8 to l/2 inch latex mastic
deck covering, MIL-D-3134, Type II.
II. General Applications steps for general purpose reefer boxes
A. Preparation
Follow instructions under DECK PREPARATION as contained in

this Manual.
B. Insulation Application
Weld steel pins every 9 to 12 inches on center. Set insulation between

pins. Place asphalt saturated paper over insulation with pins coming
through paper. Place plasterer’s metal lath over pins and bend them
into pace to secure lath. Blocks generally installed in two layers
in 90 directions to each other.
C. Underlayment Fill
Install l/4 inch underlayment, similar to MIL-D-3135, Type II into

the lath and thick enough to cover the lath. Allow 2 days drying
time.
D. Waterproof Membrane
Install neoprene waterproof membrane, reinforced with non-directional

fibreglas mat (212 x Type), over the concrete, to prevent moisture
from getting in the insulation.
E. Traffic Surface
Directly over the membrane install 3/8 to l/2 inch latex mastic
deck covering, MIL-D-3134, Type II.
-227-
III. Rat Proofing Procedure
Exterior of the reefer boxes must be “Rat Proofed.”
A. Fasten l/2 inch wire mesh to outside wall of box up the wall 6 to
9 inches and fasten out onto deck 6 inches.
B. Fill wire mesh with underlayment similar to MIL-D 3135, Type I.
C. Install a fluid, trowel applied, neoprene waterproof membrane,

reinforced with fibreglas mat.
D. Install latex mastic decking material, l/4 inch thick, similar to

MIL-D-3134, Type II.
Temperature to be 60° to 75O F. during installation and during drying.
Set time is directly affected by temperature and humidity.
Air flow can cause erratic drying and possibly surface fissure cracks that must
be grouted.
Temperature Reduction Procedure:
When a reefer box is being put into service, the temperature must be reduced
slowly to eliminate potential structural failure of deck, ceiling and bulkhead
materials through stresses created by temperature changes. If a reefer box
is ever put out of service for repairs, or other reasons, temperatures must
be raised in the reverse order.
The National Association of Cold Storage Insulation Contractors has established

the “Temperature Pull Down” Procedure as follows:
Time Period Temperature Drop Room Temperature
Assumed Initial
Temperature 85O F
1st 24 hours 15O F 7 00 F
2nd 24 hours 150 F 550 F
3rd 24 hours 150 F 400 F
4th 24 hours Hold until moisture 400 F
is eliminated from
the room
5th 24 hours 1 00 F 30° F
6th 2 4 hours
o
lo F 2 00 F
7th 24 hours 1 00 F 1 00 F
8th 2 4 hours 1 00 F 0O F
9th 24 hours 1 00 F - 1 00 F
-228-
11. MAINTENANCE
Manufacturer’s Maintenance instructions to be followed.
12. WARRANTY
Decking contractor, haying installed product in accordance with manufacturer’s

REEFER BOXES
Where Forklift Trucks Are To Be Used
INSULATION BOARD
-229-
CERAMIC TILE
Ceramic tile, as used in the marine industry, is generally l/4 inch thick, and 1 x
1 or 1 x 2 inches unglazed ceramic mosaic tiles, with or without abrasive added
to provide a non-slip surface and should be sheet mounted.
When used it is generally installed on the deck of showers or heads. In some cases
ceramic tile is installed on bulkheads in either the ceramic mosaic or wall tile
types.
Ceramic tile is a dense material that withstands, hard use and is long wearing. Its
hardness generally dictates the use of a more flexible underlayment such as
MIL-D-3135, Type I, which also is installed to provide the proper pitch to drains.
2. FEATURES
Hard, dense surface withstands much abuse.
Low maintenance costs during life span.
A 4 inch or 6 inch ceramic cove base material, in glazed or matt finish is available.
American National Standard Institute, Inc.

Tile Specification ANSI - A 137.1
Thin-set Mortar Specification ANSI - A 118.4
Chemical Resistant and Water Cleanable
Adhesive and Grout ANSI - A 118.3
U.S. Department of Defense
Tile Specification SS-P-308
Underlayment - Latex Type MIL-D-3135, Type I

American Olean Tile Company Lansdale, PA

Daltile Corporation Dallas, TX
Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville, OH
U.S. Ceramic Tile Co. Canton, OH

referenced.
-230-
Ceramic Tile (continued)
Heads
Showers
Locker rooms
Commissary spaces
Sometimes on beach area around swimming pools.
If sand and cement setting bed is selected, it adds weight of about 12, or more,
pounds per square foot. Latex or thin-set mortar reduces this by one-half or more.
Restricted use on weight critical ships and those with highly flexible deck systems.
Generally not easily repaired by ship’s crew, if needed to be done.
Thickness l/4 inch
Abrasive Content Maximum of 7-l/2%, by weight, in 1 x 1 inch tiles
Moisture Absorption None when tested in accordance with ASTM-C 373
Bond Strength 50 pounds per square inch when tested as in ASTM

C-482
Abrasive Hardness Index of 50 or higher when tested as in ASTM

C-501
Breaking Strength 250 pounds or greater when tested in accordance

with ASTM-C-648
Weight Approximately 3 pounds per square foot plus the

weight of setting bed, adhesive or mortar
Flammability None - material totally inorganic.
-231-
- 9. APPLICATION METHODS
A. Preparation
If installing over clean, bare steel, apply 2 to 4 mils, dry film thickness of
Formula 150, MIL-P-24441, or an underlayment with good adhesion to properly
prepared white metal steel.
B. Underlayment
Use material that meets MIL-D-3135, Type I underlayment. Mix according

to manufacturer’s recommendations and apply a thin prime coat with the body
coat troweled into the wet prime coat to the thickness required.
Apply a minimum l/8 inch of underlayment in flat areas and thickness required
for proper pitch to drain in wet areas. Allow a minimum of overnight drying,
more for thicker installations or in wet or high humid conditions. In shower
stalls minimum thickness of underlayment to be l/4 inch and areas within 18
inches should be sloped to drain.
C. Installation of Tile
After underlayment is sufficiently dry, the tile can be installed.
Tile can be set using latex mastic adhesive, similar to underlayment material,
the thin-set mortar system, a solvent based adhesive or sand bed mortar. Most
marine installations use the latex mastic or thin-set mortar systems.
Mix adhesive in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and using

recommended trowel, apply adhesive to proper thickness. Imbed tile into
adhesive, making all necessary cuts at corners and projections and seat tile
firmly into adhesive with beating block.
Cove base to be 4 inch high ceramic tile or troweled mastic or epoxy material,
also 4 inch high.
D. Grouting
Allow tile 24 hours to set fully in adhesive and remove paper from the face
with a wet sponge. It is best to work on kneeling boards so as not to disturb
tiles.
Grout in the open joints using one of the available grout materials - latex mastic,
conventional cement grout or an epoxy grouting material - using a rubber faced
trowel. Clean film left on surface within 30 minutes after applying grout.
-232-
E. Protection
Cover newly installed tile with a heavy building paper for a minimum of 3
days to protect the grout. In wet spaces, keep water off the deck for 2. weeks.
IO. CAUTIONARY NOTES
If using water based adhesive, he certain temperatures, in area receiving tile,

are kept well above freezing prior to, during and for 72 hours after installation
is completed.
Area must be kept out of service and free of traffic for 72 hours after completion.
When installed in a wet space, keep water off floor for two weeks.
Pitch to drain to be done in underlayment and not with adhesive or thin-set material.
If solvent based adhesive is used, be certain to use required ventilation and fire
precautions.
For good drainage underlayment needs to be pitched l/8 to l/4 inch per foot.
Ceramic tile can be installed over existing, well-adhered terrazzo or trowel applied
decking system. Clean and abrade existing material and apply recommended
adhesive or bonding material.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

CERAMIC TILE
COVE BASE
ADHESIVE,
THIN-SET MORTAR
OR BONDING AGENT
TILE JOINTS
I I
DECK PLATE
LATEX MASTlC UNDERLAYMENT

TYPE I
-233-
QUARRY TILE
Quarry tile is an extrusion process of natural clay or shale into various shapes but
as used in the marine industry it is mostly 6 x 6 inches square and l/2 inch thick.
The usual tile selected is standard grade with abrasive.
Quarry tile has a high resistance to oils, fats, grease and many chemicals which
makes it a good choice for use in the galley and food preparation areas. It is
available in various shapes and can be installed on bulkheads as a cove base. The
quarry tile is generally available in a red color only.
It is a hard, dense material with very high compressive strength, a flexible neoprene
latex underlayment, such as MIL-D-3134, Type I, providing a cushioned subsurface.
Can be set using thin-set mortar, a dry pack sand and cement setting bed or an
epoxy adhesive similar to American Olean’s A0 2000 epoxy.
The grout joint material can be of latex mastic material, epoxy grout, high chemical
resistant furane resin or Portland cement. Most marine installations utilize latex
mastic or epoxy grout material.
2. FEATURES
Hard, dense material that withstands much abuse.
Maintenance cost is low.
Easily repairable by skilled mechanic with little down time.
American National Standard Institute, Inc.

Tile Specification ANSI-A 137.1
Thin-set Mortar Specification ANSI-A 118.4
Chemical Resistant and Water Cleanable
Adhesive and Grout ANSI - A 118.3
U.S. Department of Defense
Underlayment - Latex Type MIL-D-3135, Type I

for products in this Section but are not
necessarily binding for all types of ships
or drill rigs and are subject to change.
-234-
Quarry Tile (continued)
American Olean Tile Company Lansdale, PA

Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville, OH
Quarry Tile Company Spokane, WA
Universal Ceramics, Inc. Adairsville, GA

Galleys
Scullery areas _
Bakery areas
Butcher shop
Laundry area
Service pantry
Generally not used on weight critical ships.
Not used on flexible designed decking structures.
Generally not used in areas other than food service section in marine installations.
7. COST COEFFICIENT ‘5.51
Note: See Section on Cost Coefficients for Explanation of Use.
Abrasive Hardness - 35 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance

with ASTM C-501.
Breaking Strength - 250 pounds or greater when tested in accordance with

ASTM C-648.
Bond Strength - 50 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance

with ASTM C-482.
-235-
Moisture Absorption - Average of 5% when tested in accordance with ASTM

c-373.
Compressive Strength - 27,000 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance
with ASTM C-773.
Flammability - None - material totally inorganic.
Weight - 3/4 inch tile weighs approximately 8 - 8.5 pounds per

square foot. Setting bed of latex adds approximately
3 pounds per square foot. 1 inch cement setting bed
adds approximately 12 pounds per square foot.
A. Preparation
B. Underlayment
When installing the quarry tile with adhesive or thin-set mortar, and pitching
to a drain is required, a latex mastic underlayment such as MIL-D-3135, Type I,
should be installed to the thickness required. Prime with a wet mixture of
the latex mastic and install the full thickness into the wet primer. Allow
underlayment to dry overnight or longer in wet or high humid conditions.
C. Dry Pack Sand and Cement Setting Bed
This system is generally installed a minimum of one inch in thickness and either
expanded metal lath, 3" x 8" x 13" gauge, or butterfly clips must be welded
to the deck to anchor the cement bed. The anchoring material should be coated
with a bituminous emulsion to protect from corrosion.
The quarry tile should be set in the wet mortar and beat into the bed with
a block to anchor the tile into the bed.
D. Latex Mortar, Thin-set or Adhesive Method
After the underlayment has dried, mix the adhering material selected in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Apply mixed material on the
underlayment and/or the deck and set the tile into the material while it is
still wet.
The quarry tile should be beat into the adhesive with a rubber faced trowel
to be certain the total area of the tile is in contact with the adhesive.
-236-
E. Grouting
Allow quarry tile to set 24 hours before grouting. Mix grout selected in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Force grout material into the
joints using a rubber faced trowel _or float.
_ Clean film left on surface of the
quarry tile within 30 minutes of applying the grout, depending on manufacturer’s
instructions.
F. Rotection
Protect newly installed quarry tile from traffic for three days to allow for drying
or setting time. In wet spaces keep water off floor for 2 weeks.
If water based underlayment or adhesive is used, temperatures must be kept well

above freezing, 72 hours before and after, as well as during the installation.
Keep traffic off floor for 3 days after completion.
When installed in a wet space, keep water off floor for two weeks.
If pitch to a drain is required , establish amount of pitch in the underlayment or

cement setting bed.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

QUARRY TlLE
COVE BASE
ADHESIVE,
THIN-SET MORTAR
TILE JOlNTS OR BONDING AGENT
I
DECK PLATE II
-QUARRY TILE
LATEX MASTlC UNDERLAYMENT DRAlN

TYPE I
-237-
RESILIENT DECKING
VINYL COMPOSITION TILE
Vinyl Composition Resilient Tile is the most widely used decking mateial in the
shipbuilding industry. All tiles must be free of any asbestos content.
Material is a composition of polyvinyl chloride, resin binder, pigments and fillers.

The widest used tiles are l2" x 12" by l/8 inch thick, although some manufacturers
offer 3/32 inch thickness.
Vinyl composition tiles are available that meet the standards set forth in
MIL-T-18830 B for use in U.S. Navy ships and tiles that do not meet those standards
are sometimes used in commercial vessels that do not require the military
standards.
Available in large variety of colors and patterns from plain color to marbleized
or textured. The finish is a dense surface that provides easy cleaning.
2. FEATURES
No asbestos content in these tiles.

Color and pattern through the full thickness.
Economically priced.
Tiles contain no asbestos.
Easy to install.
Performance proven wear qualities.
Good alkali, grease and oil resistance.

MIL SPEC. MIL-T-18830 B
Fire Test MIL-STD-1623 D
ASTM-F 1066, Composition 1, Class 2
FED SPEC SS-T-312 B (1), Type IV, Composition 1

to change.
-238-
VCT (continued)
Excelon Supreme Armstrong World Industries

Excelon Standard
Medintech
Genera Marble Azrock Floor Products
Pebbled Onyx
Vinyl Composition Tile Kentile Floors Inc.
Expressions Collection Tarkett
Basics Vinyl Composition
Signals Collection

are approved on specifications referenced;
Mess rooms
Lounges
Staterooms
Photographic labs
Recreation areas
Ship stores
Squadron ready room
Offices
Passageways
In most habitability areas.
Do not install on exterior areas.
Material can be stained by cigarette burns.
Do not use in commercial kitchens.
Indentation marks can remain when material is subjected to high point loading
by high heel traffic use.
-239-
VCT (continued)
Can be installed over a well adhered existing resilient deck material but never
install more than one layer.
Do not install in galley or food preparation areas.
Fire Resistance - Must conform to MIL-STD-1623.
Indentation - Maximum indentation of 0.032 inch at 115O F. for 30 seconds

(MIL-T-18830B)
Flexibility - Not less than 1.0 inches, without breaking, both with and across
the grain (MIL-T-18830B).
Dimensional Stability - Maximum change is plus or minus 0.024 inch per linear
foot (MIL-T-18830B).
Wear Resistance - Not greater than 0.045 inch after 1500 revolutions of wear
test machine as specified in MIL-T-18830B.
Fire Test ASTM-E 648 - Radiant panel test must exhibit 0.45 watts/square
centimeter, critical radiant flux.
Smoke Density Test - ASTM-E 662 - Average smoke optical density 450 or less.
A. Preparation
Material to be installed should be maintained at 65 0 F. to 700 F. for a

minimum of 24 hours prior to installation.
Temperature in spaces being installed to be maintained at 65 O F. to 70°

F., 24 hours before, after and during installation.
Grind weld seams flush with deck or fair them out with underlayment, such
as MIL-D-3135, Type IL This underlayment is also used to level uneven deck
surfaces.
Deck must be dry before installing adhesive.
-240-
VCT (continued)
E. Installation of Tile
Lay out area to be tiled so as to obtain balanced tile sizes around the
perimeter of the space as much as possible.
Apply approved adhesive using a fine-toothed trowel in an amount which

allows mechanic to do installation without kneeling in adhesive or on newly
laid tile.
Tiles are to be laid tight to each other and pushed down into adhesive. Tiles
should be rolled in both directions to obtain full contact with adhesive.
Remove excess adhesive from face of tile while wet.
Where tiles do not fit tight against bulkhead or built-in furniture or meet
against weld lines, the areas are filled in with sealant or caulking compound.
In some instances weld beads prevent resilient material from fitting tight
to the bulkhead and this can be overcome by cutting (or chinking) the edge
that goes against bulkhead on a 45 degree angle.
Allow tile to set about 1 day before allowing traffic on the deck and do not
wash for one week.
After laying out tile pattern, start placing the tiles at the middle of the room.
Store materials at 650 F. to 700 F. prior to starting job.
Maintain temperature in the area being tiled at 65O F. to 75O F. 24 hours before
starting and after completion and during the installation.
Subfloor must be dry and free of dirt, paint, grease, wax, oil and any residue.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Contact individual manufacturer and installer for specific warranty on product

selected.
-241-
SET-ON RESILIENT
COVE BASE
DECK WELD
DECK PLATE
-242-
RESILIENT DECKING
HOMOGENEOUS VINYL TILE
These tiles are solid vinyl with color and pattern carried throughout the full
thickness of the tile. Material has good flexibility and a non-pourous finish which
keeps maintenance to a minimum.
Homogeneous vinyl tile is in limited use in the shipbuilding industry currently.

This material is often installed in wood and plastic boats because it is more flexible
than vinyl composition tile. It can be installed in many spaces but budget
constraints often limit its wider use.
Most vinyl tiles are made of a polyvinyl chloride resin with pigments, plasticizers
and fillers. Most vinyl tiles are available in 12" x 12" and l/8 inch thick. Some
manufacturers produce tiles as large as 36" x 36".
2. FEATURES
Good flexibility and indentation resistance.
Product is free of asbestos.
Can be installed over wood and fibreglas decking.
Tiles available in a good range of colors and patterns.
General size of tiles are 12" x 12" and l/8 inch thick.
High wearing qualities allowing it to be used in areas of heavy traffic.
Good resistance to a variety of chemicals.
3. SPECIFICATION REFERENCE.

FED SPEC SS-T-312, Type III
Fire Test MIL-STD-1623D

to change.
-243-
Homogeneous Vinyl (continued)
Century Marble Azrock Industries, Inc.

Contract Vinyl Tile Flexco Company
Appeal Vinyl Tile 11
Solid Vinyl Tile Kentile Floors

Vinylast Vinyl Tile Vinyl Plastics, Inc.
Travertino Vinyl Tile 11

Most habitability areas

Over wood decks and plastic hull boats
Medical facilities
Chart room
Chapels
Recreation areas
Passageways
Do not install in galley, food preparation spaces or areas exposed to animal fats
or excessive moisture.
Material can be stained by cigarette burns.
Install on dry and clean decks.
Installed price higher than vinyl composition tile and restricts wider use.
-244-
Fire Resistance - Must conform to MIL-STD 1623

ASTM E-84 rating of 25 or less
Indentation - Maximum residual indentation not to exceed 10% when tested in

accordance with Fed Spec SS-T-312, Type III.
Flexibility - Before and after heating, tile shall not crack or break when tested
in accordance with Fed Spec SS-T-312, Type III.
Dimensional Stability - Maximum change in linear dimension of 0.20 inch per

linear foot when tested in accordance with Fed Spec
SS-T-312, Type III.
Fire Test ASTM-E 648 - radiant panel test must exhibit a 0.45 watts/square
centimeter critical radiant flux.
Abrasive Resistance ASTM - D 1044, using a CS-10-F wheel at 500 grams weight,
for 5000 cycles, shall exhibit a maximum loss of ,008 inch.
A. Preparation
Material to be installed should be maintained at 650 F. to 700 F. for a

Temperature in spaces being installed to be maintained at 65 O F. to 70°

F., 24 hours before and after and during installation.
as MIL-D-3135, Type II. This underlayment is also used to level uneven deck
surfaces.
B. Installation of Tile
perimeter of the space as much as possible.
Apply approved adhesive using a fine-toothed trowel in an amount which

allows mechanic to do installation without kneeling in adhesive or on newly
laid tile.
-245-
Tiles are to be laid tight to each other and pushed down into adhesive.
Tiles should. be rolled in both directions to obtain full contact with adhesive.
Allow tile to set about 1 day before allowing traffic on the deck and do
not wash for one week.
Store materials at 65O F. to 700 F. prior to starting job.
Maintain temperature in the area being tiled at 650 F. to 700 F. 24 hours before,
starting, after completion and during the installation.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

selected.
13. CONSTRUCTIONS DETAILS
-246-
RESILIENT DECKING
VINYL SHEET DECKING
These products are vinyl composition sheet decking and can be with color and
pattern throughout the sheet or a pattern only on the wearing surface over a
backing material. This product is used in both commercial and naval vessels.
Some products in this Section meet the requirements of FED SPEC L-F-475,
Grade A, and also the fire requirements of the Fire Test MIL-STD-1623.
The material is approved for use in general shipboard areas and those conforming
to the Fire Test MIL-STD-1623 may be used in lieu of vinyl composition deck
tile.
The material can be installed up the bulkhead as a cove base and all seams in
deck and cove base can be fused chemically or with a heat gun, where desired.
Some manufacturers offer vinyl sheet decking with raised, non-slip butons or
studs with mineral aggregate which provides longer wear life and a high surface
coefficient of friction for safer walking. The raised buttons allow water to drain
away which further reduces the surface slippability.
The buttons are approximately one inch in diameter and are generally raised
0.025 to 0.050 inch above the surface of the tile. These button type systems
do not have any federal or military specification standards.
2. FEATURES
Good wearing qualities.
Meet specification requirements for flexibility, indentation resistance and solvent

resistance.
Can be installed over properly primed metal decks and over wood or plastic decks.
Material can be heat or chemically fused to provide a seamless surface.
Sheets are generally .080 inch thick and in 6 to 12 foot widths.

FED SPEC L-F-475, Grade A
Fire Test MIL-STD-1623

to change.
-247-
Vinyl Sheets (continued)
Medintech 6 foot wide, .080" gauge Armstrong World Industries

Classic Corlon " .085" gauge II
Crosswalk 11 .lOO" gauge 11
Coordinates Tarkett
Images II

- a total list of manufacturers. of product discussed herein

State rooms
Medical facilities
Passageways
Library
Lounge
Mess room
Habitability areas.
Do not use in galleys or food preparation areas.
Materials can be stained by cigarette burns.
Fire Resistance - Must conform to MIL-STD-1623.
Fire Radiant Panel Test - ASTM - E 648 - Must exhibit a 0.45 watts/square
centimeter, critical radiant flux.
Smoke Density Test - ASTM - E 662 - Average smoke optical density 450 or
less
ASTM E-84 - Flame spread 75 or less
FED SPEC L-F-475, Grade A includes standards for
composition, flexibility, indentation, and solvent resistance.
-248-
A. Preparation
-Material to be installed should be maintained at 6 5O F. to 70° F. for a

Temperature in spaces being installed to be maintained at 65 o F. to 70° F.,

24 hours before, after and during installation.
surfaces.
B. Installation of Sheet Material
Lay out the area to receive the sheet material and cut sheets to proper
length.
Overlap the edges of the sheets and double cut the sheets so a tight fit is
obtained.
Roll back one-half of the sheets and apply the adhesive to the deck, as
approved by the manufacturer of the vinyl sheet material, by using a notched
trowel. The entire surface should be uniformly covered.
Allow adhesive to dry until it is tacky, then roll sheet back into the adhesive.
Follow the same procedure for the other half of the sheet.
Roll tile with a standard 150 pound roller going in both directions to be certain
the sheet is fully adhered and all air bubbles have been rolled out.
Always double cut the sheets for a tight fit.
Subfloor must be dry and clean and free of dirt, grease, paint,wax, oil and any
residue.
Store material at 65 O F. to 700 F. prior to using and maintain temperature in

area to the same levels before, during and after installation.
-249-
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

selected.
LIENT BASE SHEET VIN YL

SHEET VINYL I
JOINT IS LATI EX UNDERIAYMENT
HEAT WELDED . MIL-D-3135, TYPE II
DECK WELD
DECK PLATE
OUT OF LEVEL
-250-
RESILIENT DECKING
RUBBER TILE
Rubber tiles shall be made of natural or synthetic rubber, alone or in combination.

Rubber tile decking provides high comfort underfoot, is resilient and thereby
reduces leg fatigue, has good non-slip traction and is quiet.
These tiles possess very high dimensional stability, have good spill resistance
to many liquids and exhibit very long wearing capabilities because colors are
molded throughout the full thickness of the tiles.
The common thickness of the tiles is l/8 inch, however, tiles can be obtained
in 3/16 inch and 3/32 inch sizes from some manufacturers, and from 12" x 12"
as well as 36" x 36”.
Rubber tiles can be used in both commercial and Navy ships in most habitability
spaces. The Navy generally use rubber tile only in wood and plastic hull ships.
The initial cost is higher than vinyl composition tile but its long life expectancy
provides a good return on the investment.
Raised disc surfaces on rubber tiles provide higher coefficient of friction and
better non-slip traction and longer life expectancy. There are some manufacturers
that offer these tiles in l/8” and 3/16” thickness and in sizes up to 18” x 18”.
The raised discs or buttons allow water to drain away and reduces wet surface
slipability. The discs are generally 0.025 to 0.050 inch above the surface of the
tile. They are available in both Class I and Class II fire rating. These raised
disc systems do not have any federal or military specification standard.
2. FEATURES
Material has good flexibility.
Rubber tiles have high abrasion resistance and provide economical life cycle
cost results.
Available in a moderate number of colors.
Color throughout the full thickness of the tile provides long wear durability.
-251-
Rubber Tile (continued)

FED SPEC SS-T-312, Type II
Fire Test MIL-STD-1623D

to change.
Burke Argonaut Rubber Tile Burke Floor Products

Burke Rouleau Rubber Tile 11
(raised discs)
Radial II Rubber Tile (raised discs) Flexco Company
Flexco Rubber Tile 11
Flexi-Flor Marbleized Tile The R.C.A. Rubber Company

Use on wood and plastic hull boats

Vestibule
Theatre
Stairway
Passageway
Radio room
In many of the habitability areas.
Do not install in galley, food preparation spaces or areas exposed to animal fats
or excessive mosture.
On naval vessels rubber tile is only used on wood or plastic hull boats and ships.
-252-
Material can be installed over an existing resilient deck material provided it

is well adhered, but never install more than one layer over existing material.
Always install on deck surface that is clean and dry.
The installed price of rubber tile is considerably higher than vinyl composition
tile which restricts the amount of rubber tile used in shipbuilding.
Fire Resistance - Must conform to MIL-STD-1623

ASTM E-84 rating of 25 or less.
Hardness - Type II material shall have a durometer hardness of not less than
90 as tested under FED SPEC SS-T-312, Type II.
Elongation - The tensile stress at 10% elongation shall be 400 pounds per square
inch, or greater.
Abrasive Resistance - ASTM-D 1044, using a CS-10-F wheel at 500 grams weight,
for 5000 cycles, shall exhibit a maximum loss of .008
inch.
The Manufacturer’s Application Instructions- must be strictly followed.
A. Preparation
Material to be installed should be maintained at 65 O F. to 70° F. for a

Temperature in spaces being installed to be maintained at 650 F. to 70° F.,

24 hours before, after and during installation.
surfaces.
-253-
B . Installation of Tile
perimeter of the space as much as possible. Apply approved adhesive using
a fine-toothed trowel in an amount which allows mechanic to do installation
without kneeling in adhesive or on newly laid tile.
Tiles are to be laid tight to each other and pushed down into adhesive. Tiles
should be rolled in both directions to obtain full contact with adhesive.
Allow tile to set about 1 day before allowing traffic on the deck and do not
wash for one week.
Store materials at 65O F. to 70° F. prior to starting job.
Maintain temperature in the area being tiled at 650 F. to 700 F. 24 hours before
starting, after completion and during the installation.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

selected.
RUBBER TlLE
DECK PLATE
SET-ON
RESILIENT COVE BASE
-254-
HIGH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH MATITNG - FOR ELECTRONIC SPACES
SHEET RUBBER DECKING, TYPE I
A sheet rubber, resilient decking with high dielectric strength for use in shipboard
electrical equipment areas.
Designed to prevent accidental electric shock to persons who might contact

energized, ungrounded circuits while standing on uninsulated decks.
Material is classified as Type I, is l/8 inch thick and is generally installed from
bulkhead to bulkhead using a recommended adhesive but can also be installed
as a mat.
2. FEATURES
High dielectric strength, exceeding 30,000 volt resistance, when tested in

accordance with MIL-Ml5562 F, Type I.
Fire resistant rating when tested in accordance with MIL-STD-1623. Flexi-Flor

borders on incombustible rating with a damage of only 3 to 5 inches and no
after burns.
100% synthetic rubber with color and marblization throughout the full thickness
and containing no laminated layers.
No emission of toxic gases , such as phosgene or hydrochloric acid gas when

subjected to high temperatures or fire.
Areas fully covered with sheet material are easier to maintain than those with
portable mats.
Dimensionally stable and will not shrink, creep or grow, and does not require
chemical or heat welding.
Excellent wearability and low maintenance requirement.
Available in five marblized colors: green, gray, red, blue and brown.
U.S. Department of Defense MIL-M-15562F, Type I

Electrical grade sheet rubber
Federal Specification L-F-00450 (COM, NBS)
Internal Amendment 2 of Jan. 29,196O (Type II)

to change.
-255-
Dielectric Sheet Rubber (continued)
4. TRADE NA ME S AN D M A N U F AC T U RE R S
Flexi-Flor The R.C.A. Rubber Co., an Ohio

corporation of Akron, Ohio

of product discussed herein nor does listing affirm
that they are approved on specifications
referenced.
All power, lighting, testing, fire control and electronic switchboard areas.
Around workbenches servicing and repairing of electronic and electrical

equipment.
Crypt0 room, flag radio center, radar room, sonor room and radio room.
Non-electrical areas where long life and superior wearability is desired, such
as staterooms, passageways and similar spaces.
Generally not used where electrical insulation characteristics are not needed.
Cannot be heat welded, but can be fully insulated with #51 Scotchrap 20 mil
thick polyvinyl chloride tape manufacturered by 3M Company, if any seam is
within three feet of an electrical hazard, otherwise tape is not required.
Note: See Section on Cost Coefficients for Explanation of Use.
Minimum 30,000 volt dielectric strength when tested in accordance with

MIL-M-15562F.
Fire retardant when tested by MIL-STD-1623 tunnel test.
Fire retardant in meeting test requirements of “Radiant Panel Fire” test,

ASTM-E-162-67 with a rating of 25 or less.
Tensile strength - 800 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance with
MIL-M-15562 E.
Using Taber Abraser Test - use two CS-17 wheels, 1000 gram load on each wheel,
for 1000 revolutions. The thickness loss not to exceed 10 mils.
Dimensional stability - maximum change of plus or minus 0.020 inch per linear
foot.
Weighs 1.05 pounds per square foot at l/8 inch thickness.
Elongation - ultimate elongation to be not less than 75 percent.
-256-
The Manufacturer’s Application Instructions must be strictly followed;
A. Preparation
. One layer of sheet material may be installed over existing resilient material
provided it is adhered tightly to the deck.
B. Prime Coat or Underlayment
Can apply directly over a primer such as epoxy primer 150 MIL-P-24441,
or a recommended underlayment such as latex mastic, Type II.
C. Sheet Rubber
Temperature of area to be 70° F. from 48 hours prior to installation starting

and until 48 hours after completion.
Lay out spaces and cut sheets to desired length.
Alternate sheets should be run in reverse direction for better appearance.
Use water base adhesive, such as Armstrong S-235, meeting MIL-A-21016

properties or a solvent based adhesive meeting MMM-A-121 properties;
If solvent base adhesive is used, be certain to provide adequate ventilation

and fire precautions.
To provide a tight fit, overlap rubber sheets and using a steel straight edge,
double cut both sheets.
Apply adhesive with notch trowel, allow adhesive to dry to tack free state
(about an hour) and adhere sheet rubber to surface. Use chalk line to keep
straight runs. To obtain full surface contact, roll with a 100 pound sectional
roller.
Remove any adhesive from the surface while it is still wet.
Rubber can be applied up the bulkhead to form a cove base continuous

with the decking.
-257-
Seams within three feet of an electrical hazard must have a 3 to 4 inch wide
strip of #51 Scotchrap, 20 mil thick polyvinyl chloride tape (manufactured
by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company) installed under the seam
to prevent a direct to ground contact through the seam.
All sheet material should be overlapped and double cut to provide a tight fit.
Do not adhere sheet rubber over removable deck covers. Cut sheets to size
and lay in portable deck covers.
Decking should be inspected, at least once a year, to be certain surface has

not cracked or been punctured which would cause the loss of the insulation’
features required. If thickness of this sheet rubber wears to less than l/32
inch, material must be removed and replaced.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Contractor who installs or distributor who supplies sheet rubber guarantees

that mats meet all conditions set forth in manufacturer’s published literature
and/or conditions set forth in specification.
HIGH DIELECTRIC LATEX UNDERLAYMENT

SHEET RUBBER MIL-D-3135, TYPE II
SWITCHBOARD
DECK PLATE SEAMS WlTHlN 3 FEET

OF ELECTRICAL HAZARD
HAS 3 TO 4 INCH WlDE
#51 SCOTCHRAP UNDER JOINT
-258-
HIGH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH MATI’ING - FOR ELECTRONIC SPACES
SHEET VINYL DECKING, TYPE I
A sheet vinyl, electrical grade flooring with high dielectric strength for use
in shipboard electrical equipment areas.
Designed to prevent accidental electric shock to persons who might contact

energized, ungrounded circuits while standing on uninsulated decks.
Material is, classified as Type I, is l/8 inch thick and is generally installed from
bulkhead to bulkhead using a recommended adhesive, but can also be as a Type II,
portable mat.
Some products, meeting this specification, offer a foam backing to provide

additional comfort underfoot and light weights of less than 0.9 pounds per square
foot for weight critical installations.
One product offers a high gloss finish through the use of a high performance
coating. Patterning in high traffic areas is a possibility.
2. FEATURES
High dielectric strength must exceed 30,000 volt resistance, when tested in
accordance with MIL-M-15562 A, Type I.
Fire retardant when tested as in MIL-STD-1623.
Polyvinyl chloride elastomeric sheet.
Very good wearability.
Available in matte or high gloss finish.
Lightest weight system is available for weight critical installations.
Areas fully covered with sheet material are easier to maintain than those with
portable mats.
Generally available in four colors: blue, gray, green and beige.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-M-15562F, Type I
Electrical Grade Sheet Rubber

change.
-259-
Dielectric Sheet Vinyl (continued)
Lonmat UV Lonseal, Inc.
Salute Tarkett, Inc.

All power, lighting, testing, fire control and electronic switchboard areas.
Around workbenches, servicing and repairing of electronic and electrical

equipment.
Crypt0 room, flag radio center, radar room, sonar room and radio room.
Non-electrical areas such as passageways, staterooms and similar spaces.
Where seams are required to be heat welded.
Not generally used where electrical insulation characteristics are not required.
Dimensional stability allowed is 0.020 inch per lineal foot and material should
only be used where this growth can be tolerated. The use of chemical or heat
welding can reduce this movement.
These are laminated systems and marblization is not designed to go through

the entire thickness.
Weight of rolls vary from 180 pounds to 250 pounds per roll.
Possible emission of toxic fumes in a fire situation.

MIL-M-15562 F.
Fire resistant when tested in accordance with MIL-STD 1623.
Tensile Strength - 800 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance with
MIL-M-15562 E.
-260-
Abrasion Resistance.
Using Taber Abraser Test

Two CS-17 wheels, 1000 gram load on each wheel, for 1000 revolutions.
Thickness loss not to exceed 10 mils.
Dimensional Stability - Maximum of plus or minus 0.020 inch per linear foot.
Weight varies from 0.90 to 1.50 pounds per square foot at l/8 inch thickness.
Elongation - Ultimate elongation not less than 75 percent.
The Manufacturer’s Application Instruction must be strictly followed.
General Application Steps include:
A. Preparation
One layer of sheet material may be installed over existing resilient material
provided it is adhered tightly to the deck.
Material can be applied over primer such as epoxy primer 150, MIL-P-24441
or latex mastic, Type 11 underlayment.
C. Sheet Vinyl
Temperature of space to be 700 F. 48 to 72 hours prior to starting job,

through installation and 48 to 72 hours after completion.
Roll out sheet vinyl and allow it to set until flat.
Lay out spaces and cut to desired length.
Utilize manufacturer and/or governmental agency approved ahesive, allowing

for adequate ventilation and fire precautions where required.
Keep runs straight by using chalk lines. Overlap all sheets and double cut
both sheets using a steel straight edge. Apply adhesive except where double
cuts are to be made and apply adhesive on those areas after cuts are made.
Roll seams and floor with a 100 pound sectional roller to get tight bond.
If sheet vinyl is to be heat welded, cut a "V" groove two-thirds of the way
through the material at all joints, using a hand grooving tool.
Apply the vinyl welding thread through a heat gun and into the "V" joints.
Trim the excess material from the surface with proper tool and finish joint
per manufacturer’s recommendations.
-261-
l0. CAUTIONARY NOTES
Seams within three feet of an electrical hazard must be heat welded to prevent
a direct to ground contact through the seam.
All sheet material should be overlapped and double cut to provide a tight fit.
Decking should be inspected, at least once a year, to be certain surface has

not cracked or been punctured which would cause the loss of the insulation
features required. If thickness of the sheet vinyl wears to less than l/32 inch,
material must be removed and replaced.
Caution is required during heat welding to avoid discoloration with some sheet
vinyl flooring.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Contractor who installs or distributor who supplies sheet vinyl guarantees

that product meets all conditions set forth in manufacturer’s published literature
and/or conditions set forth in specification.
LATEX UNDERLAYMENT
ELECTRIC HIGH DIELECTRIC MIL-D-3135, TYPE II
SWITCHBOARD SHEET VINYL
SHEET VINYL
HEAT WELDED
DECK PLATE
-262-
PORTABLE MATS
TYPE II AND TYPE III
High dielectric strength portable mats are installed in areas that have electrical
equipment but are not designated an electrical space and therefore do not require
bulkhead to bulkhead electrical grade decking material. Products are available
in both vinyl and rubber material.
Two types of mats are available:
Type II - Generally l/8 inch thick, smooth surface material, 2 - 3 feet

wide and laid loose or adhered to deck.
Type III - Generally l/8 to 3/16 inch thick, with a textured surface,
3 feet wide and laid loose or adhered to deck.
Material is designed to prevent accidental electric shock to persons who might

contact energized, ungrounded circuits while standing on uninsulated decks.
Vinyl composition mats are easier to clean and less expensive than rubber
mats and available in several colors.
The rubber mats, while higher in cost, provide greater non-slip traction, are
more comfortable underfoot and more quiet. Rubber mats are usually available
in medium gray color only.
2. FEATURES
Easy to install and to replace.
While material is generally more expensive, the use in small areas makes cost
less than if a bulkhead to bulkhead installation were required.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-M-15562F, Types II and III

Electrical Grade Matting

to change.
-263-
Portable Mats (continued)
Type II
Salute (l/8") Tarkett, Inc.

Lonmat U V (l/8") Lonseal, Inc.
Smooth Switchboard Vinyl Matting The Biltrite Corporation
#67-1320 (l/8")
Smooth Top Switchboard Matting U.S. Mat & Rubber Co., Inc.
#RM 10 (l/8")
Type III
Navy Diamond Switchboard Vinyl The Biltrite Corporation
Matting #67-9400 (3/16")
Navy Diamond Switchboard Neoprene
Matting (3/16")
Lonmat Diamond (3/16") Lonseal, Inc.
Unaflex Switchboard Matting R. J. International

In front and back of all power, lighting, fire control and communication panels
and switchboards.
Electrically insulated work benches.
Operating and servicing areas of electrical panels.
Not used where bulkhead to bulkhead high dielectric strength decking is required.
Never adhere over removable deck plates.
Material generally not dimensionally stable.
Textured surfaces of Type III material harder to keep clean.
Life span generally less than bulkhead to bulkhead installations.
For interior use only.
Not recommended for use on U.S. Navy submarines.
-264-
7. COST COEFFICIENT Type II l/8" vinyl matting 1.49

Type III 3/16" vinyl matting 2.07
3/16" rubber matting 2.72

MIL-M-15562 F.
Rated fire resistant when tested in accordance with MIL-STD 1623.
Tensile strength - when tested in accordance with MIL-M-15562F
Type II 800 pounds per square inch
Type III 1200 pounds per square inch.
Abrasion Resistance - Using Taber Abraser Test

Two CS-17 wheels, 1000 gram load on each wheel,
for 1000 revolutions.
Type II thickness loss not to exceed 20 mils
Type III test not practical and generally not conducted.
Dimensional Stability - When tested in accordance with MIL-M-15562 F Types II

and III shall not change in dimension more than plus
or minus 0.250 inch per linear foot.
Elongation - Ultimate elongation to be not less than
Type II 100%
Type III 350%
A. Preparation
Mats may be installed over one layer of resilient material provided existing
decking is tightly adhered to deck structure. Existing material to be cleaned
of dirt, oil, grease or maintenance sealers or dressings.
If mats are to be installed directly on steel decks, prime deck with 150
type primer, MIL-P-24441, 2 to 4 mils thick.
If deck requires leveling, install recommended underlayment, such as latex

mastic, similar to MIL-D-3135, Type II, or equal.
-265-
C. Portable Matting
Temperature of space to be 70° F. from 48 hours before, during and 48

hours after installation, especially when adhesive is being used.
Roll out mat and allow it to set until flat. Using a straight edge, cut
to length required. Place mat in area designated.
If mat is to be spot cemented, use a latex type of adhesive such as

Armstrong S-235 or other adhesive meeting MIL-A-21016 properties. Roll
surface with 100 pound sectional roller for full contact with the surface.
Install mat so there are no seams within 3 feet of an electrical hazard.

Where not possible, heat weld the seam of vinyl mats or apply $51
Scotchtape, 30 mil thick polyvinyl chloride tape, 3 to 4 inches wide beneath
the seam of mats that cannot be heat welded. In lieu of the tape a piece
of sheet matting may be used under the seam instead of heat welding.
D. Sealing
Apply 1 to 2 coats of floor sealer as recommended by the manufacturer.
Do not adhere portable mats to removable deck plates. Cut to size and lay
in portable deck covers.
Mats must always be a minimum of 3 feet wide, and exposed corners rounded
off.
Inspect mats at least once a year to be certain there are no breaks in mat
which would negate the insulation protection provided by the mats. If thickness
wears to less than l/32 inch, replace with new mats.
If mat is not adhered to the deck, stencil an outline wherein mat is to be placed
and apply wording that states area must have electrical grade matting installed.
While mats do not need to be cemented to the deck, spot application of adhesive
prevents accidental mat removal with loss of safety protection.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Contractor who installs or distributor who supplies mats guarantees that mats
meet all conditions set forth in manufacturer’s published literature and/or
conditions set forth in specification.
-266-
TYPE II, SMOOTH SURFACE
DECK PLATE
TYPE III, DIAMOND SURFACE
ELECTRIC HIGH DIELECTRIC MAT

DIAMOND SURFACE RESlLlEl NT TILE
SWITCHBOARD
LATEX UNDERLAYMENT
MIL-D-3135, TYPE II
DECK PLATE
-267-
ACID AND OIL RESISTANT DECKING
SYNTHETIC RUBBER AND/OR ELASTOMERIC URETHANE DECKING
The entire deck of a submarine battery compartment, decks of acid storerooms

and battery-charging storerooms on surface ships should be covered with an acid
resisting decking material.
There are two systems currently in use:
Acid resistant sheet rubber
An alternate system of elastomeric urethane
Acid Resistant Sheet Rubber
This material conforms to MIL-S-2912, Type II, it is in rolls 36 inches wide and
l/16 inch thick sheet rubber and all areas to be covered should have a double
layer. Seams should be staggered so there is a minimum distance of 6 inches
between them. Material is used for acid resistance in battery rooms and for
tank lining.
Alternative Method - Elastomeric Urethane
A l/8 inch thick application of elastomeric urethane from Products Research

Chemical Corporation, or equal, may be used as an alternative. The solvent
content of the formulation restricts its use in submarine areas.
2. FEATURES
Resistant to battery acid.

Resistant to hydrocarbon oils.
MIL-S-2912, Type II, Acid Resisting Rubber Sheeting
Alternate for PP-1539U/PR-1139R Elastomeric Urethane System

MIL-D-23003

change.
-268-
Acid Resistant Decking (continued)
N-3 Black Neoprene Sheet Rubber Haartz-Mason, Inc.

PP-1539U/PR-ll39R Products Research Chemical
Corporation

referenced.
Battery compartment of submarines.
Acid storerooms
Battery charging storeroom of surface ships.
It takes several days for rubber sheets to get full strength so batteries should
not be placed in compartment for a minimum of 2 days.
Acid resisting rubber system is high in labor time of installation.
Solvents currently contained in elastomeric urethane restricts its use in submarine

spaces.
Acid resisting rubber system is costly to install and should not be used in areas
not requiring these special properties.
The volatile organic compound (VOC) content of these systems sometimes

restricts the use of these products in some areas.
7. COST COEFFICIENT Acid Resistant Sheet Rubber 5.13

Elastomeric Urethane 5.15
As set forth in MIL-S-2912
Tensile Strength - 1400 pounds per square inch as tested under ASTM-D-412.
Elongation - 250% when tested as in ASTM-D-412
-269-
Immersion in Acid
ASTM-D-471 Test
Immersion in 20% sulfuric acid solution for 46 hours
Weight change 2% maximum
Tensile and elongation strength 25% maximum from initial
Immersion in Oil
ASTM-D-471 Test
Immersion in Number 3 oil for 46 hours
Volume change from initial 15% maximum
Tensile and elongation from initial 20% maximum
Hardness - Shore a durometer 50 to 70
Moisture Vapor Permeability

Perm-inch test method E-96 0.08
A. Preparation
In submarine battery compartments cover entire area, up to a minimum

of 9" high on side walls and 2 l/2 feet high at end walls.
On surface ships apply 4" high on bulkheads and stiffeners.
Establish a fire watch, provide adequate forced-draft ventilation, close

off all areas and eliminate smoking and welding in the area.
Steel surface should be shot blasted to bright metal and compartment cleaned
free of sand and dirt. Surface to be clean and dry with temperature
maintained at 75O F. all during application, plus 8 hours before and after
application.
Method I, Acid-Resisting Sheet Rubber
B. Prime Coat
Immediately after shot blasting apply two coats prime coat allowing proper
drying period between coats.
Apply bonding cement and putty to rough surfaces to make them smooth.
-270-
C. Sheet Rubber
Cut to size, bevel edge, apply adhesive, such as N-29 Neoprene by

Haartz-Mason, or similar, to primed area and to sheet rubber. Apply putty
over welds and cove base juncture. Put down rubber, roll to eliminate
air bubbles and apply putty on seams 1 l/2 inch wide.
Apply adhesive over first sheet and to underside of second sheet and install
second sheet, making certain to stagger joints a minimum of 6 inches. Brush
all joints, edges and corners with accelerated bonding cement and allow
to dry.
Method II, Elastomeric Urethane
B. Prime Coat
Apply manufacturer’s prime coat, such as PR 420, a minimum of 2 mils,

dry film thickness.
C. Base Coat
Apply polyurethane base coat, PP 1539U, to a thickness of l/8 inch, using

a straight edge or notch trowel or a roller.
D. Color Topping
In areas under the battery rack and the bulkhead area apply 3 to 5 mils
dry film thickness of red color topping, PR-1120.
E. Non-Skid Coating
All other deck areas shall receive a 30 mil dry film thickness of dark gray,
non-skid coating PR ll39R.
A full fire-watch is to be etablished and maintained during installation.
No welding within 25 feet of area being installed.
Adequate forced-draft ventilation, preferably suction type, must be provided.
Temperature of area to be maintained at 75O F. all during the installation,

and for 24 hours prior to starting and after completion.
Mechanics’ shoes should be covered when installing sheet rubber to protect

primed and cemented areas from dirt.
-271-
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY

ACID RESISTING ACID RESISTING

SHEET RUBBER SHEET RUBBER
UNDERLAYMENT
NEOPRENE PUTTY LATEX OR EPOXY TYPES
- D E C K P L A T E
-272-
CARPET, WOOL VELVET, FIRE RESISTANT TYPE
This section describes a shipboard carpet that must meet NAVSEA specifications
for naval vessels or USCG requirements for specific areas with regard to fire
and-smoke properties.
The carpet that meets the requirements of NAVSEA and USCG is a wool, velvet,
woven through the back, meeting Fed. Spec DDD-C-95, Type II
Class 1 Single level cut pile

52 ounce per square yard pile
Highest quality carpet
Class 2 Single level cut pile - twist

2 ply carpet, thickness about l/16 inch
Class 4 Profile wire loop pile

4 ply carpet, thickness about l/8 inch, wider weave.
In the case of commercial vessels, if the underlayment and carpet padding exceed
3/8 inch, the carpet must have a flame spread of less than 25 and smoke less
than 100. In most installations the carpet is adhered directly to the steel deck
or underlayment which keeps thickness under 3/8 of an inch.
Wool padding that provides fire resistance qualities are available. High price
and water sensitivity have limited their use. Carpet is generally installed using
adhesive directly to steel deck that has been primed or to an underlayment.
Woven through the back carpet construction provides superior dimensional

stability and eliminates long snags. High quality, high price and longer wear
most often provide the most economy when life cycle costs are evaluated.
2. FEATURES
Meets very difficult Federal specifications, fire resistant conditions set forth
in MIL-STD-1623 and FED SPEC DDD-C-95, Type II requirements.
Provides sound cushioning qualities.
Soft, comfortable, long-wearing decking material.
Available in a variety of colors, weights and patterns.
-273-
Carpet Wool Velvet (continued)

Fed Spec DDD-C-95, Type II, Class 1, 2 or 4
MIL-STD-1623 Fire Test.

all types of ships or drill rigs and are subject to change.
Caravan V-25 Type II, Class 2 Bloomsburg Carpet Industries

Gropoint Type II, Class 2 Bigelow-Sanford, Inc.
Gropoint Director Type II, Class 4 II
Richleigh Type II, Class 1 II
Karastan Wool Velour #323 Karastan-Bigelow Co.

Karastan Wool Check #321 II

Staterooms
Officers quarters
Public spaces
Stairways and passageways (should have highest degree of non-flammability)
Lounge Areas
Library and chapel
Dining Rooms
Generally not installed in galleys, pantries or food preparation areas or in areas

of high spillage of grease, oils or chemicals.
Carpet is not to be continued through doorways.
-274-
7. COST COEFFICIENT Class 1 2.87

Class 2 2.35
Class 4 2.53
Fire Performance - Material must meet all requirements set forth in

MIL-STD-1623.
Flooring Radiant Panel Test - ASTM E 648 (Fed-Std 372)

Test rating 0.5 watts per square centimeter
or greater either over carpet pad or glued direct.
Specific Optical Density of Smoke - National Bureau of Standards - Smoke

Chamber Test NFPA 258 (ASTM E 662)
NVLAP Code 03/F05
Maximum average specific optical density
Non-flaming 450 or less
Flaming 450 or less
at 4 minutes
Flaming 300 or less
General Applications steps include:
A. Preparation
Grind down any weld seams which protrude more than l/16 inch or fair the
deck with an underlayment, similar to Latex Mastic, Type II, MIL-D 3135,
to take out the raised areas that would cause premature wear of the carpet.
If an underlayment is not to be used, then steel deck must be properly

abraded and primed using 150 primer, MIL-P-24441, or other approved primer.
B. Underlayment
Level decks through the use of an underlayment such as MIL-D-3135, ‘Type II,
generally installed l/8 inch thick.
-275-
An alternate underlayment of an elastomeric urethane, similar to Product

Research Chemical Corporation’s Type I, 1539U, can be installed to a
maximum thickness of l/4 inch, provides additional cushioning but is higher
in installed cost.
Underlayment must be smooth and is to be sanded if necessary.
C. Carpet Installation
Measure and cut carefully to fit from bulkhead to bulkhead. Abut carpeting
to fixtures and furniture permanently installed.
Carpet is generally cemented directly to the underlayment or to the primed

surface, using an approved adhesive which meets MIL-A-2106.
Carpet may be installed using tack strips by the “stretch-in” method.
Carpet may also be installed over padding which has fire resistant properties
required by this specification.
As in all quality carpet, slight variations in color may occur.
Carpet pads that meet Navy and USCG fire requirements are sometimes used.
However, they are very expensive. All padding can get wet and “mushy” if
subjected to water and will require replacement.
Select medium colors and/or tweed patterns for greater serviceability and
less soiling appearance.
Tack strips are acceptable for fastening carpet but sometimes come loose
and carpet bonding is lost.
Do not install in wet spaces as water saturating will cause shrinkage.
It is generally not necessary to bind the carpet edges even when installed with
adhesive, except in submarine MCC control areas where it is mandatory.
Carpet should always be laid in the direction of the traffic flow.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Contact individual manufacturer and/or installer for specific warranty on

product selected.
-276 -
CARPET, WOOL VELVET, FIRE RESISTANT
CARPET, WOOL VELVET CARPET, WOOL VELVET
LATEX UNDERIAYMENT CARPET CARPET

MIL-D-3135, TYPE II PADDING TACK STRIP
METAL PRIMER
-277-
CARPET - NYLON, WOOL AND ACRYLIC TYPES
The carpet described in this Section is used in commercial vessels in areas that
do not require meeting the conditions of Federal Specification DDD-C-95, Type II
or MIL-STD-1623D Fire Test.
These carpets generally consist of nylon, wool, acrylic or other fibres, are very
serviceable and more economical than the wool, velvet carpet.
The carpet can be installed with adhesive directly to the primed steel deck, or
by using tack strips or over carpet padding as recommended by the manufacturer.
Carpet, woven through the back type of construction, provides superior dimensional
stability and eliminates long snags and pulls experienced with cushion back types.
There is a wide range of carpets available providing a large variation in pattern,

colors and weave. The loop type shows less traffic pattern and the plush type look
more silky and absorb sound a little better. Carpet that is solution dyed provides
higher color retention to spills than those that are space dyed.
Cost of carpet is directly influenced by the weight per square yard, the tightness
of the weave and the wearing features of the carpet. Longer wearing carpet is
generally high in price initially but usually provides the most economy when life
cycle costs are evaluated.
2. FEATURES
Provides sound cushioning qualities.
Less costly than wool velvet type.
Woven through the back construction provides superior dimensional stability and
eliminates long snags.
Available in wide variety of colors, patterns and weights.
ASTM E 648 Flooring Radiant Panel Test

ASTM E 662 Smoke Density Test

for products in this Section but are not
-278-
Carpet Nylon (continued)
Cosmopolitan, 26 oz Loop Nylon Aladdin Mills

II
Triumph, 32 oz Loop Nylon
Zodiac, 30 oz or 36 oz Plush Nylon II
Embassy Suite V 380 46 oz Cut Pile Wool Bloomsburg Carpet Industries, Inc.
II
Broken Sound V-450 54 oz Cut & L O O p WO O I
II
Cross Roads 40 oz Cut & Loop Nylon
Legacy 42 oz Woven Karastan Bigelow
Barathea 34 oz Loop Nylon Mohawk Carpet Corporation
II
Color Theme 26 oz Loop Nylon
Philadelphia
Line - Capital 28 oz Loop Nylon Shaw Industries
II Vocation 26 or 28 oz Loop Nylon 11
11 Equity 26 oz Loop Nylon 11

Staterooms
Public spaces
Lounge areas
Passageways
Dining areas.
Does not have high fire resisting qualities required in MIL-STD-1623 Fire Test for
Navy and USCG regulations.
Not installed in areas of grease or food spills such as galleys and food cooking areas.
Carpet is not to be run continuous through doorways but must have a stopping place.
-279-
Fire Radiant Panel Test - ASTM-E 648

Class 1 - installed in direct glue down
Exhibits a 0.45 watts/square centimeter, critical radiant
flux
Smoke Density Test - ASTM - E 662

Flaming 450 or less
The Manufacturer’s Application Instructions must be strictly followed;
A. Preparation
Welding seams should be ground down to l/16 inch or less or can be taken out
by using an underlayment such as latex mastic, Type II, MIL-D-3135, to eliminate
premature wearing of the carpet.
If underlayment is not required, deck to be primed as recommended by carpet

manufacturer.
B. Underlayment
If the deck needs leveling, use an underlayment such as latex mastic, Type II,
MIL-D-3135, for smoothing weld seams. Generally a l/8 inch, to a maximum
of l/4 inch, is all that is required.
An alternate underlayment of an elastomeric urethane, similar to Product

Research Chemical Corporation’s Type I, 1539 U, can be installed to a maximum
thickness of l/4 inch, which provides additional cushioning but is higher in
installed cost.
The underlayment must be smooth and is to be sanded, if necessary.
-280-
C. Carpet Installation
Measure, and cut carefully, to fit the carpet from bulkhead to bulkhead.
Abut carpet to fixtures and furniture permanently installed.
The carpet is generally cemented directly to the finished underlayment

or primed metal surface, using manufacturer’s recommended adhesive.
Carpet may be installed using tack strips or over padding that meets
the physical properties required by the ship construction specifications.
As in all quality carpet, slight variations in color may occur.
If padding is subjected to water, it will get mushy and generally must be removed
and be replaced.
Tack strip can come loose from the deck and loss of adhesion of carpet occurs.
For greater serviceability select tweed patterns and/or medium colors.
Edges do not necessarily need to be bound unless specification mandates it.
Carpet should always be laid in the direction of the traffic flow.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Contact individual manufacturer and/or installer for specific warrranty on product

selected.
-281-
CARPET, NYLON, WOOL AND ACRYLIC TYPES
NYLON, WOOL AND ACRYLIC TYPE

CARPET NYLON, WOOL AND ACRYLIC TYPE
C PET
CARPET
CARPET TACK
PADDING STRIP
METAL PRIMER
-282-
WOOD DECKING
WOOD DECKS
Wood decks have been used in the past as an exposed weather deck to reduce
the- high temperatures which are experienced by steel decks in hot climates.
Wood also was widely used in mine sweepers to reduce the amount of metal
in these ships and to protect against unexpected explosions.
At the current time the shipbuilding industry uses very little wood in construction
of ships. Modern air cooling systems reduce the “hot deck” problem of past
years. Mine sweepers generally are built of reinforced fibreglas and lighter
weight materials have replaced wood in most applications.
Parquet wood floors are installed on dance floors and public spaces of Cruise
Ships for its decorative effects; sometimes in the Ward Room, in some Well
Decks of LPH and LHA’s, and in the replacement of currently used wood decks
on a few Battleship and on some Helo Decks.
Portable wood deck sections are often used in Steering Gear Rooms, especially
in the areas with the forward machinery, as this allows the removal of the
sections of large machinery, when needed.
In some submarine areas wood decks are used. These decks must be made of
Doublas Fir and have been inspected and classified as “BAND BTR Industrial”
by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau.”
2. FEATURES
Wood decks can be used for interior and exterior applications.
Possess good long term wear durability.
Easily repaired and/or replaced.
Comfortable walking surface.
Highly limited use of wood has caused previous Fedeal Specifications for wood
decks to be discontinued. Various lumber associations have established standards
for their particular type of wood and these standards should be followed in the
specifying and selecting of a wood decking.
-283-
Wood (continued)
Wood is identified by the type of wood rather than by a trade name. Wood is
available through various local lumber distributors and in some cases can be
purchased direct from lumber companies.
Public spaces for decorative effects.
Dance floors.
Stage of theater area.
Ward rooms.
Well decks, LPH and LHA
Repair of wood decks currently in use.
High installed cost.
Potential fire threat.
Moisture decay and rotting.
High in maintenance cost.
In tropical climates is subject to termites and other insects.
Shrinkage, swelling and splitting.
7. COST COEFFICIENT Teak 10.3 White Pine 4.7
Varies with type wood being used. National Lumber Association specifications
provide technical characteristics of their type of lumber.
-284-
Wood (continued)
A. Preparation
Install wood decking in as dry a condition as possible.
Plank is generally laid parallel to the center line of the ship.
Where possible, use narrow planks as they warp less than wider planks.
Maximum widths establishd are 6 inches for teak and 5 inches for other
-woods.
The acceptable thicknesses are 2 inches for teak and 2-l/2 inches for other
woods.
Decks are to be thoroughly cleaned and primed, as recommended by

manufacturer.
B. Installation
(1) Interior wood Decks
Parquet floors are generally set in adhesive over a preinstalled

underlayment.
Currently the most widely used wood floors are the parquet type, which
is generally set with adhesives, as recommended by the manufacturer.
After installing, a finish coat of varnish or wood sealer is applied, if

required.
(2) Exterior Wood Decks
Generally exterior installations use wood planks. These planks are

installed in a heavy rust preventative that is applied approximately
l/l6 inch thick.
Planks are placed higher on the bulkhead side and lower at the outside
area to provide water drainage.
Holes are bored in the planks to allow Nelson Stud fasteners to be used
to hold planks in place. The stud holes are no more than 3 feet apart
and are filled with an anti-corrosive compound.
All seams are caulked and surface finished per manufacturer’s

instructions.
Decks are to be cleaned regularly, oiled periodically and recaulked

as required.
-285-
Wood (continued)
Check moisture content of wood before installing. The generally accepted

maximum is 15%.
Exterior planks should be thoroughly seasoned and free from sap or rotting.
Protect decking from mechanical damage during construction period of the

vessel.
11. MAINTENANCE
The specific Wood Association, whose products have been installed, publishes
maintenance instructions that should be followed.
General maintenance includes regular cleaning, refinishing with recommended

varnish, sealer or oiling treatment and caulking as required.
12. WARRANTY
Contact the manufacturer for warranty conditions on type wood selected.
-286-
SHIPS INCLINED LADDER SAFETY TREADS
EXTRUDED ALUMINUM, COMPOUND FILLED TREADS

EXTRUDED AND CAST METAL, SKID RESISTANT TREADS
RESILIENT, SKID RESISTANT TREADS
Products are available in full treads for ships ladders and in cap treads which are
mounted over existing treads that have worn down.
The extruded aluminum, compound filled treads have a series of aluminum ribs
across the width of the tread. The spaces in between are filled in with an epoxy
or inorganic binder with an abrasive aggregate such as aluminum oxide or silicon
carbide that has a hardness in the range of 9 on the MOHS scale. The filled abrasive
is installed to a height of l/16" to l/8" above the top of the aluminum.
The ladder treads are used in both commercial and navy vessels and in drill rigs.
Treads are available in 4, 6 and 9 inch depths. They are manufactured in 24" widths
for the Type I, full width treads and in 18, 21 and 24 inch widths for the Type II
cap treads. These new, high performance treads are designed to be reversible which
provides 3 to 4 times longer life than the previous treads.
Treads are also available, and in wide use, with full abrasive surface and no aluminum
ribs. These treads do not meet MIL-T-24634 qualifications at this writing.
Cast metal skid resistant treads with non-slip granules cast into the walking surface
while in the molten state provide positive foot traction. Treads are generally cast
iron or cast aluminum, but can also be obtained in bronze or nickel, from some
suppliers. Installation procedures are the same as extruded aluminum. Treads
must comply with conditions set forth in Federal Specification RR-T-650D.
Rubber and vinyl skid resistant treads, smooth or with abrasive, meeting Federal
Specification RR-T-650D are also available for use where specified. These treads
are for interior use only, but do not install over carpet or resilient decking.
2. FEATURES
Cap treads are an easy way to recondition existing worn ladders.
New high performance treads provide improved safety, longer life span and lower
costs.
Treads are reversible for extended tread life.
Use for interior and exterior ladders.
Treads are non-combustible.
Dovetail shaped grooves hold abrasive fill firmly in place.
Rib type treads provide more strength and withstand more stress than full abrasive
tread without the ribs.
-287-
Treads, Inclined Ladder (continued)
MIL-T-24634
Type I Full Treads with End Plates
Type 1A Full Treads without End Plates
Type II Cap Treads
RR-T-650 D Cast Skid Resistant Treads

products in this Section but are not
Extruded Aluminum, Compound Filled and Cast Metal Skid Resistant Treads
Extruded Aluminum, Abrasive filled American Safety Tread Co., Inc.

and Cast Skid Resistant Treads
Extruded Aluminum, Abrasive filled American Safety Technologies, Inc.

and Cast Skid Resistant Treads
Cast Skid Resistant Treads Granite State Casting Co.
Wooster Ladder Tread Wooster Products, Inc.

Type I, Full Tread
Type II, Cap Treads
Cast Skid Resistant Treads
Rubber and Vinyl Treads
Armor-Treds American Floor Products Co.

Marlin 11
Heavy Duty Diamond Treads Flexco Company

Heavy Duty Stair Treads The Johnson Rubber Company
600 - Rubber Treads Musson Rubber Co.
115 -Heavy Duty Diamond The R.C.A. Rubber Company

referenced.
-288-
Steps of ladders.
Stairs.
Cap over worn treads.
Exterior and interior ladders.
Some cruise ships install treads directly over carpet.
Cast -metal treads are widely used in submarine ladder treads.
Navy and commercial ships.
Off shore drill rigs.
Do not install over a structurally unsound ladder.
Aluminum treads cannot be installed directly over steel. Install a barrier protection
in accordance with DOD STD 3128 System.
7. COST COEFFICIENT Extruded Aluminum 6” depth 7.65 - 9” depth 8.53

Cast Metal 6” depth 14.08 - 9” depth 18.30
Resilient 12” depth 3.12
Treads meeting MIL-T-24634 Specifications
Slip Resistance . . . As tested under MIL-T-24634

After 50,000 strokes of contact wear surface the tread must
exhibit these factors
Dry 1.50
Wet 1.25
Oily 1.00
After wearing, the coefficient is to be 0.75.
Resistance to Wear - Using test procedures of MIL-STD-2151 after 10,000 strokes

a wear of 0.01 inches after 20 to 50,000 not to exceed another
0.008 inches.
Fire Resistance - Combustion plus ignition time shall not exceed 4.0 minutes with
no more than light smoke density.
Deflection - Not to exceed 0.10 inch when tested in accordance with MIL-T-24634.
Moisture Absorption - 0.016% tested in accordance with MIL-D-3135.
Impact Resistance - Should withstand minimum of 12 impacts without cracking

when tested in accordance with ASTM-D-2444.
-289-
A. Preparation
If there are low spots use a recommended underlayment similar to MIL-D-3135

Latex Mastic I or II or an epoxy underlayment.
B Installation
.
Extruded Aluminum, Compound Filled, and Cast Metal Skid Resistant Treads
When installing between stringers cut 1/8” to 1/4” less than stringer widths
so tread can easily slide between stringers. Forcing tread with heavy hammer
blow can rupture tread.
Full treads are fastened to stringers or to underside of ladder.
Countersunk holes are generally factory installed and treads are bolted to
the step.
Installation methods to be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
Rubber and vinyl Treads
Treads are installed using adhesive. Installation methods to be in accordance

with manufacturer’s recommendations.
Do not allow steel and aluminum to come in direct contact as an elotrolytic reaction
will take place. Apply a metal spray coating in accordance with DOD-STD-2138
or isolate surfaces by applying a dielectric barrier of vinyl tape, PC No. 25 in
accordance with application instructions.
The use of mechanical fastening is preferred to the use of adhesive.
Use stainless steel screws and nuts to fasten.
II. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Check manufacturer for warranty information.
-290-
SHIPS INCLINED LADDER, SAFETY TREADS
EXTRUDED ALUMINUM, COMPOUND FILLED
-291-
SHIPS INCLINED LADDER, SAFETY TREADS
EXTRUDED AND
CAST METAL,
SKID RESISTANT
TREADS
RESILIENT,
SKID RESISTANT
TREADS
-192-
FLEXIBLE, NON-SLIP TREADS
A flexible, non-slip tread with a pressure sensitive adhesive that bonds to most
clean, dry and smooth surfaces.
They provide a safety surface, are easily installed, meet OSHA Safety Reglations
and are used in both Navy and Commercial ships.
Backing to be flexible and surface to have Aluminum Oxide or Silicon Carbide,

60 grit and well bonded to backing material.
Most commonly used size is 6” x 24” treads and they can be installed over properly
prepared steel, wood, deck covering, deck tile and cured paint.
2. FEATURES
Provide positive traction with a non-slip surface.
Fast installation.
Manufactured applied pressure sensitive adhesive.
Withstand temperature range from 40° F. to 220° F.
Surface is a very hard, abrasive grit.
Available in many sizes, 6” x 24” most commonly used.
Resist most weather conditions.
Available in wide range of colors, with black being most used.
MIL-D-17951C Deck covering, lightweight, non-slip

-293-
Treads, Stick-Down (continued)
Flex-Tread Wooster Products, Inc.
Safety-Walk 3M Building Service and

Anti-Slip Material Cleaning Products Division

referenced.
Three (3) treads shall be installed, with no space in between, at head and foot of
ladders.
On both sides of doors used for continuous traffic.
On both sides of doors in crew’s messing space.
In work shop areas.
On ramps, if desired.
Ammunition and missile storage spaces where fork lift trucks are used - space
3 inches apart - with 1 mil thickness of aluminum paint to bleed off the static
electricity.
Over unsound deck surface.
Where a smooth walk surface is desired.
Over a wet decking surface.
Over oil soaked decking.
Can be installed over painted surface with good adhesion to deck, but is best to
install over cleaned metal surface.
Do not paint or wax stick-down treads.
-294-
Flexible surface and bends with movement of deck without cracking or loss of bond
to deck.
Shear Strength - Minimum of 10 pounds pressure to remove without aging and up

to 7 days of aging.
Strip Strength - After 48 hours drying time it will have a minimum of 0.75 pounds
per square inch adhesive strength.
Detergent Resistance - Material to withstand 1 hour immersion in a 0.5% solution

of detergent without softening, staining or objectionable
loss of color.
Non-Slip Properties - When tested in accordance with MIL-D-17951 it shall have

these minimum properties
Leather 0.6 0.6 - 0.4 0.4 -
Rubber 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.3
A. Preparation
Surface must be clean and dry before installing treads.
If surface is not level, install underlayment skim coat under area where treads
are to be installed.
Deck temperature should be 50° F. to 90° F. for best results.
B. Installation
Calculate position where tread is to be placed.
Remove protective covering from back.
Apply pressure sensitive adhesive backing to deck and use a weighted roller
or object to provide full bonding to deck.
Apply a bead of edge sealer around all exposed edges for maximum wear and
water resistance.
-295-
Surface must be clean and dry.
Do not install over cold surface 40° F. or less.
11. MAINTENANCE
12. WARRANTY
Check manufacturer for warranty information.

Additional copies of this report can be obtained from the
National Shipbuilding Research Program Coordinator of the
Bibliography of Publications and Microfiche Index. You can
call or write to the address or phone number listed below.
NSRP Coordinator
The University of Michigan
Transportation Research Institute
Marine Systems Division
2901 Baxter Road
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150
Phone: (3 13) 763-2465
Fax: (313) 936-1081

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ON COMMlTTEE July, 1992

Standard Practice for the

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

1. REPORT DATE 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED

6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER

5e. TASK NUMBER

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)

NSRP READER RESPONSE CARD

BUSINESS REPLY MAIL

NSRP PROGRAM MANAGER

BUSINESS REPLY MAIL

NSRP PROGRAM MANAGER

SELECTION AND APPLICATION

MARINE DECK COVERINGS

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF

OF MARINE DECK COVERINGS

MARINE COST COEFFICIENT CHART AND DECK COVERING SELECTOR

Effective Use of Chart and Selector 11.

Use of the Deck/Spec Specifications 36

MARINE BODIES OF INFLUENCE

PRIMARY DECKING, INSULATION AND SPECIALTY SYSTEMS

Latex Mastic, Type I - Lightweight System

Deck Top Insulation Type I 88

DECKING FOR AMMUNITION HOLDS

Bonding Agents for Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Systems 104

FLOATING DECK SYSTEMS. . . .FOR SOUND DEADENING

Metal Clad System

FINISHED DECKING - RESIN TYPES

SOLID COLOR MONOLITHIC SYSTEMS

Latex Mastic and Neoprene Deck Covering 117

Polymeric Decorative Quartz Decking - Epoxy Broadcast Type 131

Latex Mastic and Resin Emulsion - Ground Terrazzo Decking 157

WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM

Neoprene System, with Reinforcement 167

Neoprene Resin Decking 170

WEIGHT CRITICAL DECKING SYSTEMS

Polymeric - Epoxy Resin with Colored Flakes 178

RECREATIONAL AND EXERCISE -DECKING SYSTEMS

Neoprene Resin Decking 186

General Purpose, Non-Landing Area, High Durability 190

REEFER BOX SYSTEM

Latex Mastic Deck Covering 225

FINISHED DECKING - HARD SURFACE TYPES

VITREOUS TILE DECKING

Ceramic Tile 230

FINISHED DECKING - RESILIENT MATERIALS

Vinyl Composition Tile 238

HIGH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH MATTING - FOR ELECTRONIC SPACES

Rubber Sheet Decking - Type I 255

ACID AND OIL RESISTANT DECKING

Synthetic Rubber and/or Elastomeric Urethane Decking 268