Problems 7.

2 Solutions

Z
1. x(sin x)dx

Solution. We want to integrate by parts, taking u = x, dv = sin x, du = dx, v = − cos x:

Z Z
x(sin x)dx = −x cos x + cos xdx = −x cos x + sin x + C .

Z
2. ex xdx

Solution. Integrate by parts: u = x, du = dx, v = ex , dv = ex dx. Then

Z Z
e xdx = xe − ex dx = xex − ex + C .
x x

Z
3. x ln(2x)dx

Solution. Integrate by parts so that the logarithm disappears: let u = ln(2x), du = dx/x (notice
the cancellation of the 2’s), dv = xdx, v = x2 dx/2:

x2 x2 x2
Z Z
1
x ln(2x)dx = ln(2x) − xdx = ln(2x) − +C .
2 2 2 4

Z
ln(2x)
4. dx
x

Solution. As we saw in problem 3, letting u = ln(2x), du = dx/x, we have

u2
Z Z
ln(2x) ln(2x) ln x
dx = udu = +C = +C = +C .
x 2 2 2

Z
5. tan2 xdx

Solution. Alas, tan2 x = sec2 −1, so

Z Z
tan xdx = (sec2 −1)dx = tan x − x + C .
2

Z
6. x(e2x + 1)dx

1
Solution. Here we must use integration by parts: u = x, du = dx, dv = (e2x + 1)dx, v =
(1/2)e2x + x:

x2
Z Z
2x 1 1 x 1
x(e + 1)dx = x( e2x + x) − ( e2x + x)dx = e2x + x2 − e2x − +C
2 2 2 4 2

x 1 2x x2
=( − )e + +C .
2 4 2
Z
7. x2 sin xdx

Solution. Let u = x2 , dv = sin xdx, du = 2xdx, v = − cos x:

Z Z
2 2
x sin xdx = −x cos x + 2 x cos xdx .

Another integration by parts handles the last integral: u = x, dv = cos xdx, du = dx, v = sin x:
Z Z
x cos xdx = x sin x − sin xdx = x sin x + cos x ,

finally giving Z
x2 sin xdx = −x2 cos x + 2(x sin x + cos x) + C .

Z
8. (ln x)2 dx .

Solution. We integrate by parts, using u = (ln x)2 , du = 2 ln xdx/x, dv = dx, v = x :

Z Z
(ln x)2 dx = x(ln x)2 − 2 ln xdx .

As we saw in example 7.7 (another integration by parts):

Z
ln xdx = x ln x − x + C , so

Z
(ln x)2 dx = x(ln x)2 − 2(x ln x − x) + C .

Z
9. x2 ln xdx .

Solution. Let u = ln x, du = dx/x, dv = x2 dx, v = x3 /3 :

x3 x2 x3 x3
Z Z
x2 ln xdx = ln x − dx = ln x − +C .
3 3 3 9

2
 Z
10. arccos xdx .

√
Solution. Let u = arccos x, du = −dx/ 1 − x2 , dv = dx, v = x :
Z Z
x
(1) arccos xdx = x arccos x + √ dx .
1 − x2

This last we integrate by the substitution w = 1 − x2 , dw = −2xdx :

Z Z
x 1
√ dx = − w−1/2 dw = −w1/2 + C .
1−x 2 2

Putting this back in (1) we obtain

Z p
arccos xdx = x arccos x − 1 − x2 + C .

11. If the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves y = 1, y = ex and x = 1 is rotated
about the y-axis, what is the volume of the resulting solid?

Solution. One can sweep out the volume in the y-direction, using the method of washers, or in
the x direction, using the method of shells.

Washers. Here, sweeping in the y direction, the differential of volume is dV = π(R2 − r2 )dy. The
larger radius is R = 1, and the smaller radius is r = ln y. Thus
Z e
e
V olume = π (1 − (ln y)2 )dy = π(y − y(ln y)2 + 2y ln y − 2y)1
1

using the solution to problem 1 above (equation (1)). Then

V olume = π(e − e + 2e − 2e − (1 − 2)) = π .

Shells. Now, we sweep out along the x-axis, and the differential of volume is dV = 2πrhdx. The
radius is x, and the height of the shell is ex − 1. Thus
1
x2 1
Z
V olume = 2π x(ex − 1)dx = 2π[xex − ex − ]
0 2 0

using the formula obtained in example 5 of the Notes. We get

1
V olume = 2π(e − e − − (0 − 1)) = π .
2

Z
12. sec3 xdx .

Solution. First, we use the identity sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x:

Z Z Z Z
(2) sec3 udu = (tan2 x + 1) sec xdx = tan2 x sec xdx + sec xdx .

3
The last integral was computed in example 7.3, so we concentrate on the first integral. If we
write tan2 x sec xdx = tan x(sec x tan x)dx, then we can integrate by parts with the substitution
u = tan x, du = sec2 xdx, dv = sec x tan xdx, v = sec x. Then
Z Z
tan2 x sec xdx = sec x tan x − sec3 xdx .

It appears we’re back where we started, but not exactly. Substitute this in (2) to get:
Z Z Z
sec3 udu = sec x tan x − sec3 xdx + sec xdx .

Moving the second term to the left hand side, and dividing by 2, we have the result
Z Z
3 1 1 1 1 + sin x
sec udu = (sec x tan x + sec xdx) = (sec x tan x) + ln( )+C .
2 2 4 1 − sin x
R
Incicentally, the expression found in example 7.3 for sec xdx is not the usual one, but is equivalent
to the formula found in most integral tables:
Z
(3) sec xdx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C ,

using this sequence of identities:

1 + sin x (1 + sin x)2 1 + sin x 2

ln( ) = ln( 2 ) = ln( )
1 − sin x 1 − sin x cos x

1 + sin x
= 2 ln | | = 2 ln | sec x + tan x| .
cos x
Finally, this gives the answer to our problem:
Z
1
(4) sec3 udu = (sec x tan x + ln | sec x + tan x|) + C .
2