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Title: Storage Devices

Storage devices are used for storing, porting, and extracting data files and objects. They can store information temporarily or permanently, and may be internal or external to a computing device. There are two main types of storage devices: primary storage (like RAM) and secondary storage (like hard drives and solid state drives). Over time, storage devices have evolved from punch cards to magnetic tapes, disks, and solid state memories in order to increase storage capacity and speed of data access. Future storage systems are likely to be more heterogeneous, using a variety of processor types and storage technologies like DRAM, PCM, and SSDs tailored for specific workloads.

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Biju Poudel
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63 views

Title: Storage Devices

Storage devices are used for storing, porting, and extracting data files and objects. They can store information temporarily or permanently, and may be internal or external to a computing device. There are two main types of storage devices: primary storage (like RAM) and secondary storage (like hard drives and solid state drives). Over time, storage devices have evolved from punch cards to magnetic tapes, disks, and solid state memories in order to increase storage capacity and speed of data access. Future storage systems are likely to be more heterogeneous, using a variety of processor types and storage technologies like DRAM, PCM, and SSDs tailored for specific workloads.

Uploaded by

Biju Poudel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title: Storage devices

Introduction
A storage device is any type of computing hardware that is used for storing, porting or extracting data
files and objects. Storage devices can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently.
They may be internal or external to a computer, server or computing device.

For example storage devices are like floppy disk drives, hard disk drives and CD drives, all these are used
for storing data and information. They are basically formed as the fact that human mind can store huge
kind of information but not as these storage devices capable of because some of these are of high
capacity than human brain. Storage devices are categorized into two types namely;

Primary storage devices and Secondary storage devices

For more: https://www.academia.edu/31433784/COMPUTER_STORAGE_DEVICES?sm=b

Background
Everybody stores data. We often take the devices that store our data for granted, as they have become
so inexpensive and efficient. But we’ve come a long way from the early days of computing. Here are 14
of the most important devices in the history of data storage.

1. Punch cards (1890)


Punch cards were the first mechanical storage method. A punch card holds about 80 characters,
so not even a fully fleshed out tweet could fit on one. The punch card dates back to the 19th
century, when it was used to program mechanical devices such as looms and player pianos.
Punch cards were commonly used for computer programming through the 1980s. Although
punch cards are now obsolete as a recording medium, we still use punch cards to store data
today, mainly in standardized tests and voting.
2. Magnetic Drum (1932)
Drum memory was originally invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932, but magnetic drum memory
wasn’t used in computing until US Navy codebreakers developed it during World War II. One
drum was 16 inches long and held 40 tracks that spun at 12,500 revolutions per minute.
Engineering Research Associates (ERA) continued development of the technology with their
Atlas project. Drum memory consisted of a long metal cylinder coated in magnetic material, with
rows of read-write heads situated on the axis of the drum. It was once used as a primary storage
device and remained common in computing through the 50s and 60s but is now used as an
auxiliary storage device.
3. Williams-Kilburn Tube (1947)
The first form of random-access memory (RAM). The first tubes held 1024 bits, or 128 bytes,
which could fit about 128 characters, which would need at least 72 of them to store a single JPG
image file.
The Williams-Kilburn Tube, invented in 1947, featured the first fully electronic form of data
storage. The device was 16 ½ inches long, 6 inches wide, and stored data by displaying a grid of
dots on cathode ray tubes, and sending a static charge through the tubes. While the technology
was revolutionary, its use was not long-lived, as superior technology was developed shortly
after. It remains practically unknown today.
4. Magnetic Tape Drive (1951)
Invented in Germany in 1928, magnetic tape was first used to store data in 1951 on the Eckert-
Mauchly UNIVAC I. Tape drives used motors to wind the magnetic tape from reel to reel, while
passing a tape head to read, write, or erase data. More compact versions of this technology
were common through the 1980s, like the VHS and cassette tape. Magnetic tape is used less and
less for daily backups, but because of its inexpensive nature, it is still used for archiving data
today.
5. Magnetic Core (1951)

For more:
https://www.frontierinternet.com/gateway/data-storage-timeline/
https://www.inflowtechnologies.com/evolution-of-storage-devices/

Related work
Storage was used as early as 1804 by hole punching paper cards in order to control machinery. Without
storage, the computer programs and files that exist now would not be possible. Hence, there are many
different devices used for storage today. Hard drives come in all computers and are the main storage
device. An average hard drive stores from four to fifty gigabytes, but there are hard drives with much
greater capacities available. For more: ( https://studymoose.com/computer-storage-devices-essay )

There is a fundamental trend towards designing entire systems such that they are optimized for
particular workloads, departing from the traditional general-purpose architecture. The typical system,
with standard CPUs consisting of a small number of identical cores with a common set of accelerators
and relying on a memory and storage hierarchy mainly composed of DRAM and HDDs, has reached its
limits in terms of delivering competitive performance improvements for an increasingly diverse set of
workloads: future systems will be built out of increasingly heterogeneous components.

From a CPU-level perspective, technology scaling will allow 50 billion transistors to be put on a single
chip in approximately five CPU generations, whereas the chip area and total power consumed will
remain similar to current levels, namely, ∼500 mm2and ∼200 W. By exploiting the plethora of
transistors available, we expect an increasing heterogeneity with dedicated fixed-functions cores (e.g.,
decryption, XML parsing, pattern matching), programmable cores with domain-tailored instruction sets,
or even reconfigurable logic (FPGA-like).

The memory subsystem is becoming one of the most expensive parts of the system, with virtualization
being one of the key factors fueling the push towards larger amounts of memory. Such subsystems will
likely be a mix of fast, expensive memory (like DRAM) and a slower, more cost-efficient memory, such as
PCM. Mixed memory systems could be built in which the DRAM serves as hardware cache for the PCM
memory or DRAM and PCM could both form a contiguous memory environment in which the OS or
memory controller determines the optimal placement of data. For more:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220283046_Trends_in_Storage_Technologies
References:

1. Research and Implementation of Mobile Storage Devices Monitor and Control System
Jiang Haixia, Zhou Xingyu, Tong Wei
2. New Storage Devices and the Future of Database Management
S.D. Kuznetsov kuzloc@ispras.ru
3. Digital Storage and Memory Technology
Tom Coughlin, Roger Hoyt, and Jim Handy
4. Review on evolution of storage devices
Shubham Sharma, Sagar Mundra, Kapil Malakar, P. Sanjeevi
5. Advances in Magnetic Data Storage Technologies
ZVONIMIR Z. BANDIC
RANDALL H. VICTORA, Fellow IEEE
6. Hierarchy and Characteristic of Storage Devices
I Nyoman Gautama Satria Wibawa
7. A Study on Evolution of Storage Infrastructure
Pooja Tanaji Patil
8. The History of Storage Systems
Kazuo Goda; Masaru Kitsuregawa
9. Trends in Storage Technologies
Evangelos Eleftheriou, Robert Haas, Jens Jelitto, Mark Lantz
10. Intelligent storage devices for scalable information systems
Robert Kukla, Jon Kerridge

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