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    England Before 1066

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    Wiktoria Gogola
    England before 1066 consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that were united under King Æthelstan in 927. Germanic tribes then migrated to Britain after the Romans departed, displacing the native Britons. The heptarchy formed in the 7th century and consisted of seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until Wessex became dominant in the 9th century. Viking raids began in 793 and Alfred the Great helped unify England and improved education in the late 9th century. The Battle of Brunanburh in 937 preserved English unity. In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King of England.

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    England Before 1066

    Uploaded by

    Wiktoria Gogola
    30 views3 pages
    England before 1066 consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that were united under King Æthelstan in 927. Germanic tribes then migrated to Britain after the Romans departed, displacing the native Britons. The heptarchy formed in the 7th century and consisted of seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until Wessex became dominant in the 9th century. Viking raids began in 793 and Alfred the Great helped unify England and improved education in the late 9th century. The Battle of Brunanburh in 937 preserved English unity. In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King of England.

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    England before 1066

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    England before 1066 consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that were united under King Æthelstan in 927. Germanic tribes then migrated to Britain after the Romans departed, displacing the native Britons. The heptarchy formed in the 7th century and consisted of seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until Wessex became dominant in the 9th century. Viking raids began in 793 and Alfred the Great helped unify England and improved education in the late 9th century. The Battle of Brunanburh in 937 preserved English unity. In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King of England.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    30 views3 pages

    England Before 1066

    Uploaded by

    Wiktoria Gogola
    England before 1066 consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that were united under King Æthelstan in 927. Germanic tribes then migrated to Britain after the Romans departed, displacing the native Britons. The heptarchy formed in the 7th century and consisted of seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until Wessex became dominant in the 9th century. Viking raids began in 793 and Alfred the Great helped unify England and improved education in the late 9th century. The Battle of Brunanburh in 937 preserved English unity. In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King of England.

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    1.

    England before 1066:

    Anglo-Saxon England was early medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th centuries
    from the end of Roman Britain until the Norman conquest in 1066. It consisted of various
    Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927 when it was united as the Kingdom of England by King
    Æthelstan (r. 927–939).

    - Julius Caesar:

    Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic
    through a number of his accomplishments, notably his victories in the Gallic Wars,
    completed by 51 BC. During this time, Caesar became the first Roman general to cross
    both the English Channel and the Rhine River, when he built a bridge across the
    Rhine and crossed the Channel to invade Britain. Caesar's wars extended Rome's territory
    to Britain and past Gaul. 

    - Claudius:
    Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through
    a number of his accomplishments, notably his victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by
    51 BC. During this time, Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both the English
    Channel and the Rhine River, when he built a bridge across the Rhine and crossed the
    Channel to invade Britain. Caesar's wars extended Rome's territory to Britain and
    past Gaul. An immediate cause for the invasion in AD 43 was that war between the Celtic
    tribes of the southeast threatened to disrupt trade with Rome. This situation offered both a
    reason for invading and an opportunity to build an alliance with one tribe by offering
    military aid.
    - Angles, Saxons and Jutes – heptarchy:

    Germanic tribes migrated to Britain after the departure of the Roman legions, which was
    then occupied by Brythonic Celtic peoples. Many of the Celts were killed, others were
    taken prisoner and forced into slavery. The remaining Celts were forced to take refuge
    refuge in the extreme western areas of Great Britain, Cornwall, Wales and Cumberland,
    now Cumbria. Some of the Celts fled to north-west France and settled in the area known as
    Brittany today. The Saxons referred to these people as Wealas, meaning foreigners. Four
    major dialects of English were spoken in the heptarchy, Kentish, spoken by the Jutes, West
    Saxon, the Saxon dialect, and Northumbrian and Mercian, subdivisions of the dialect
    spoken by the Angles. By the 9th century, partly through the influence of Alfred the Great,
    the West Saxon dialect became prevalent in literature and became the first "standardised"
    written English.

    By the beginning of the seventh century the boundaries of the Anglo-Saxon Tribal
    kingdoms, known as the Heptarchy, had formed. They continued until in around 829, when
    the kingdom of Wessex reigned supreme.

    1. Kingdom of Wessex (West Saxons)

    2. Kingdom of Mercia (People of the Marches)

    3. Kingdom of East Anglia (East Angles)

    4. Kingdom of Northumbria (North Angles)

    5. The Kingdom of Sussex (South Saxons)

    6. The Kingdom of Kent (The Canti)

    7. The Kingdom of Essex- (East Saxons)

    - Viking raids:

    The raids started in June of 793 CE when three ships docked at the shore by the abbey of
    Lindisfarne. The abbey’s reeve, Beaduheard, believed he recognized them as those of
    Norse traders and, thinking they had lost their way, went out to direct them up the coast to
    the estate he thought they had been aiming for. Upon approaching the ships, however, he
    was instantly killed by the sailors who then sacked the abbey and murdered everyone they
    found inside or on the grounds; this was only the beginning.

    Alfred the Great (871-901):

    He was “Great” because: - he was great educated, - he provides Anglo-Saxon Chronicle –it
    had been written for 4 centuries by many historians; it was hidden, kept in monasteries; -he
    defeated the Danes ; - he was a lawgiver, he tried to make law less bloody.

    The Battle of Brunanburh:
    it was fought in 937 between Æthelstan, King of England, and an alliance of Olaf
    Guthfrithson, King of Dublin; Constantine II, King of Scotland, and Owain, King
    of Strathclyde. Æthelstan's victory preserved the unity of England.

    Canute:

    Canute was elected by witan, he became Christian (it’s strengthen his position in England).
    He was a lawgiver; he supported historians, poets.

    Edward the Confessor:

    He was on exile in France while Canute was a king. He came as a king. In 1066 William
    the Conqueror invaded the England.

    2. William the Conqueror

    Normans were Vikings. The Pope supported Edward against the Vikings. Edward the
    Confessor wasn’t a good king. William the Conqueror was a descendant of the Vikings
    (he was Normand). The British line (of kings) quarrel. They were elected so far and
    William the Conqueror was not.

    Battle of Hastings (1066) – William the Conqueror killed Harold and became a king.

    - The Doomsday Book – historical document  "Book of Winchester"


    - After the Norman invasion and conquest of England in 1066, the Domesday Book was
    commissioned in December 1085 by order of William The Conqueror. William
    needed to raise taxes to pay for his army and so a survey was set in motion to assess
    the wealth and and assets of his subjects throughout the land.

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