International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 5 Issue 5, July-August 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Effect of Cooperative Membership on Needs Satisfaction among

Staff of Tertiary Institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria
Enemuo Nnanyelugo Chukwubikem, Nwankwo Frank
Department of Cooperative Economics and Management,
Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Enemuo

With the growing recognition of cooperatives as a vibrant and viable Nnanyelugo Chukwubikem | Nwankwo
economic alternative to alleviate hardship, it does appear that Frank "Effect of Cooperative
members’ needs satisfaction is yet to be met. This study, therefore, Membership on Needs Satisfaction
among Staff of Tertiary Institutions in
examined the effect of cooperative membership on needs satisfaction
Anambra State,
among staff of tertiary institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria. The
Nigeria" Published
population of study and sample size which was generated using the in International
Taro Yamane formula was 6,647 and 377 cooperative members Journal of Trend in
respectively. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting Scientific Research
study participants. Data were sourced from a primary source. The and Development
generated data were presented and analyzed using descriptive (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- IJTSRD43918
statistics. The study hypothesis was tested using regression analysis. 6470, Volume-5 |
The findings revealed that 93% of the variation in physical needs of Issue-5, August 2021, pp.667-676, URL:
members is caused by the length of cooperative membership and www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43918.pdf
frequency of cooperative patronage at a 5% level of significance.
Copyright © 2021 by author (s) and
This study concluded that the length of cooperative membership and
International Journal of Trend in
frequency of patronage enhances the actualization of the physical Scientific Research and Development
needs of members. Therefore, it was recommended among others that Journal. This is an
the cooperative societies should continue to strive in ensuring that Open Access article
members’ needs are reasonably met. In doing this, the cooperatives distributed under the
should possibly adopt a scale of preference approach in tackling terms of the Creative Commons
members need. Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
KEYWORDS: Cooperative Membership, Physical Needs Satisfaction,
Staff of Tertiary Institutions, Anambra State and Nigeria

INTRODUCTION
In this era of myriad challenges where many people open membership; democratic member control;
feel powerless to change their lives, cooperatives member economic participation; autonomy and
appear as a strong, vibrant and viable economic independence; education, training and information;
alternative. The essence of cooperative societies is to cooperation among cooperatives and concern for the
meet peoples' mutual needs, and it is based on the community (Masuku, Masuku & Mutangira, 2016).
notion that together, a group of people can achieve This suggests that cooperatives function based on the
goals that none could achieve alone (Amin & Uddin, values of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy,
2014). Cooperation as a way of life has, therefore, equality, equity and solidarity.
continued to be a tradition in finding solutions to the
In cooperatives, member’s satisfaction is primarily a
socio-economic problems of people, especially its
result of expected and realized benefits of
members (Masuku, Masuku & Mutangira, 2016).
membership (Marete, 2010). Hence, the satisfaction
A cooperative is an autonomous association of of members creates positive attitudes towards the
persons united voluntarily to meet their common cooperative. In fact, it also affects both affective and
economic needs and aspirations through a jointly- continuance commitment of members (Powell &
owned and democratically-controlled enterprise Meyer, 2004). As might be expected, the more
(International Cooperative Alliance, 2006). The satisfied members were with their cooperative, the
distinguishing features of cooperatives are less likely to withdraw their membership or vice versa
encapsulated in the seven principles of voluntary and (Liebrand & Ling, 2014). It is also discussed that

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satisfied members are more likely to support their Nigerian University (SSANU) amongst others were
cooperative by participating in all cooperative instituted to galvanize resources to form cooperatives
activities. The reverse occurs when members are to help boost members' socio-economic status and
unhappy. It is evident that members' goals, what they welfare.
desire from their cooperatives are critically related to Most of these cooperatives are established to render a
why they joined the cooperative in the first place. significant number of services to members, but due to
These goals also affect members’ satisfaction with the lack of funds and other issues, many of them find it
cooperative, their commitment to it, and their difficult to meet those needs (Agba, Titus & Enang,
participation in its activities (Dakurah, Goddard & 2017). As a result, working conditions of many staff
Osuteye, 2015). of tertiary institutions in Nigeria are deteriorating
There is a growing call for the enhancement of the markedly because of repression, underfunding, and
income and all-around socio-economic satisfaction of irregular payment of salaries. In this situation where
cooperative members. This is believed to be part of many people feel powerless to change their lives,
the reason for the organization of cooperative cooperatives appear as a strong, vibrant and viable
societies as to use their potentials and resources alternative. In a cooperative, member satisfaction is
towards the optimal satisfaction of their member's primarily a result of expected and realized benefits of
wellbeing (Taiwo, Agbasi, Udunze & Okafor, 2014). membership in physical, social and economic matters.
It is, therefore, conceived that when these needs are Thus, many have advocated for the establishment and
not met, members tend to revolt, become unhappy strengthening of cooperative societies in all tertiary
and could engage in unethical behaviours (Adinya, institutions in the country, as a way of addressing
2008). some of the welfare challenges facing the workers. It
is against this background that this study examines
In most developing economies like Nigeria, there is
the effect of cooperative membership on needs
no clear record of the contribution of cooperative
satisfaction among staff of tertiary institutions in
societies to economic well-being and growth due to
Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study seeks
negligence in data-keeping. Hence, the importance of
to:
cooperatives is beginning to be felt because of the
persistent poverty among low-income earners 1. Examine the effect of cooperative
(Ringim & Shaib, 2017). The strategy for tackling membership, membership status and frequency of
this menace is said to consist of the improvement of cooperative patronage on physical needs satisfaction
the quality of life of the poor through the provision of of members in Anambra State, Nigeria.
social services, such as housing, health care,
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
education and public utilities (Yusuf, 2008). This
Conceptual Review
benefit which may be derived from cooperatives
The Concept of Cooperative
helps to influence members' well-being. This is A cooperative is an organization that is owned and
because the money gathered through the members' operated by a group of individuals for the mutual
effort can be used to settle pressing problems, benefit of its members. Cooperative societies as a
establish small scale businesses, payment of school universal and global phenomenon have been defined
fees and purchase of automobiles (Ijaiya, Sakariyau, by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA,
Dauda, Paiko & Zubairu, 2012). They showed that 1844) as an autonomous association of persons united
social capital indicators have a significant impact on voluntarily to meet their common economic, social
poverty reduction. and cultural needs and aspirations through jointly
In the tertiary institutions, cooperative societies are owned and democratically controlled enterprise.
said to have helped many staff to ameliorate financial Similarly, the International Labour Organization
challenges, infuse social cohesion, and promote other (ILO, 1990) defines it as an association of persons
benefits (Yusuf, 2008). The steady expansion of who have voluntarily come together to achieve a
tertiary institutions in Nigeria in terms of common end through the formation of democratically
departments, faculties and institutes has occasioned a controlled organizations, making equitable
rapid increase in student enrolment and staff strength. contributions to the capital required and accepting a
The need to motivate and take care of staff welfare in fair share of the risks and benefits of the undertaking
order to achieve the objectives and goals of these in which the members actively participate.
institutions has become inevitable. Notably, workers All formally constituted co-operatives around the
associations/unions, like the Academic Staff Union of world identify with a statement based on the
Universities (ASUU), Non-academic Staff Union of 'Rochdale Principles' of 1844, which was last revised
Universities (NASU), Senior Staff Association of in 1995 (MacPherson, 2007). The co-operative values

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
are self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, in a cooperative for a long period tend to be less
equity and solidarity. The principles are voluntary and satisfied with their cooperatives internal management
open membership; democratic member control; and operational issues. This suggests that members'
member economic participation; autonomy and satisfaction level stands to dwindle when they
independence; education, training and information; continue to have many years of managerial
co-operation among co-operatives and concern for the experience in their cooperatives. This may be justified
community (Winn, 2015). They are voluntary owned that most cooperatives do not improve the
enterprises that are operated and controlled by patrons beneficence of members over a period.
for the mutual benefits of members (Abrahamsen,
Evidence has shown that lengthy membership could
1976 in Agba, Titus & Enang, 2017). It is a voluntary
transcend to better benefits from a group, especially
association of persons who operate the business of the
cooperatives (Nwankwo et al, 2013). When the
enterprise along with democratic principles for the
expected benefits are derived, there is bound to be
aim of meeting the interest of members (Ihejiamaizu,
satisfaction. These benefits or satisfaction could be
2002). It is autonomous in nature and the association
traced to individual level or general family bases on
is voluntary, with a democratic leadership structure
health or even material acquisition. While health was
that tries to support members in overcoming their
measured on the family level, life satisfaction was
problems of economic dependency and welfare
measured on the individual level. It is reasonable to
(Dogarawa, 2010). To the United Nations Research
believe that while it is relatively simple to determine
and Social Development (UNRSD, 1980),
the health state of one’s family members, it is more
cooperatives are all organizations that are legally
difficult to know their level of life satisfaction. This is
recognized as such which are subject to organized
so because health is usually demonstrated physically
supervision and which claim to follow cooperative
(at least morbidity and disease). On the contrary, life
principles. This suggests that cooperatives are
satisfaction is not demonstrated physically but can
instituted to enhance the betterment of members
only be known by asking the actual person (Lora,
through contributions and democratic supervision of
Chaparro & Rodríguez, 2009).
their activities.
However, a small effect or quadratic relation was
Cooperatives have been closely linked with the
observed to exist between the length of membership
provision of financial services in different sectors.
and the life satisfaction of cooperative members
Since its inception, cooperative in Nigeria has been
(Holmgren, 2011). He noted a positive effect of a 10
viewed as a veritable tool for development,
year-long membership is 16 % of a step. This effect
particularly in the area of socio-economic
might seem modest, but it is in fact bigger than the
development (Nwankwo, Ewuim & Asoya, 2013).
effect of having a computer, which only increases
ICA's 3rd principle posits that cooperative members
temporal satisfaction with 14.5% of a step. Education
usually receive limited compensation, if any, on
in the regression decreases the effect of membership
capital subscribed as a condition of membership
length and cause a slight increase in p-values. This
(Roelants, 2009). In capturing the essence of this
tendency is continued when controlling for social
study, Kimberly (2002) defines cooperative societies
variables and cooperative belonging. The modest
as a registered voluntary association of persons with
effects of the variables in the regressions are caused
membership not less than ten persons, with a common
by little variation in the dependent variable, life
interest formed and operated along with democratic
satisfaction.
principles, for the purpose of economic and social
needs of its members who contribute the capital and It is true that investor-oriented firms must maintain
manage the business established by delegating some customer satisfaction. However, the maintenance of
powers to elected management. members’ satisfaction in cooperatives is a more
complex and difficult task (Fulton & Adamowicz,
Influence of Length of Cooperative Membership 2003). In particular, they noted that cooperatives
on Satisfaction of Members provide a different mix of products than investor-
Cooperatives have long been recognized to play
oriented firms. Some of the products provided by
important roles in the society which translate into the
cooperatives, such as service to the community and
improvement of living conditions of their members,
which serve as a competitive yardstick in the industry
particularly the low-income earning cadres of the
have public goods characteristics. Hence, there is
rural population and the urban poor (Ojiagu &
always an incentive for members to free ride and take
Onugu, 2015). Hence, cooperatives help to aggregate
advantage of these public goods for their satisfaction.
people, resources and capital into economic units.
Tarekegn (2017) argued that members who have been Gray and Kraenzle (2008) assessed farmer
cooperative members' satisfaction with the social and

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economic context within which they lived. Nearly individual members for lack of patronage, if enough
seventy-four per cent said they were satisfied or very members are disloyal the cooperative will cease to
satisfied with dairy farming as a way of life. As exist. Cooperative managers and directors face a
statements narrowed, satisfaction levels declined. 57 challenge that is not often faced by their counterparts
per cent were satisfied or very satisfied with dairy in investor-oriented firms, of providing a package of
farming as a way to make a living. However, only 36 programs and services that maintains member
per cent said they were satisfied or very satisfied with satisfaction.
the income their family makes from dairy farming. Member satisfaction is primarily a result of expected
More than half were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied and realized benefits of membership (Marete, 2010).
with the income from dairy farming, and 9.3 per cent Hence, the satisfaction of members creates positive
were very dissatisfied with the income earned. On the attitudes towards the cooperative. The key to being a
members' level of satisfaction with member successful cooperative is performing functions and
representatives, management, and their cooperative providing services geared toward members'
overall, about 73 per cent were satisfied or very satisfaction (Liebrand & Ling, 2014). Members'
satisfied with their district and board representatives satisfaction with their cooperatives is of utmost
and management; while 87 per cent were satisfied or importance especially when we talk about the
very satisfied with their cooperative overall. About 19 relevance and patronage of services offered by
per cent of these members, however, expressed some cooperatives (Nishi, Sah & Ram Kumar, 2011). To
ambivalence with their district and board this end, a member's status in the cooperative could
representatives and cooperative management. In sum, influence what he/she stands to get.
Gray and Kraenzle (2008) argued that members who
were more satisfied with farming as a way of life and There is no cooperative without member participation
with the district directors tended to be attended, while and what makes the difference is the level of
the less satisfied were less likely to attend. These patronage. If a cooperative society is limited to
posed a great influence over cooperatives attendance economic patronage, it is therefore little more than
and patronage. any other business (Gray & Kraenzle, 2008). They
argued that member participation in governance gives
Membership Status and Frequency of Cooperative cooperatives their distinctive character. In other
Patronage words, cooperatives are expected to give their
Members can participate in cooperatives in different members the level playing ground to vie and hold
ways. Some limit participation to economic patronage leadership positions. This will enhance its democratic
while others may attend meetings, serve on tenets and afford the members a sense of ownership.
committees, serve as elected officers, and/or recruit
other members. There is no cooperative without Physical Needs of Cooperative Members
member's participation (Gray & Kraenzle, 2008). If Research done by Tesfamariam (2012) in Ofla
limited to economic patronage, a cooperative is then Woreda of Mekele revealed that physical needs of
little more than any other business. Members' most persons in savings and credit cooperatives in the
participation in governance gives cooperatives their form of new house construction, livestock purchase
distinctive character. (Sheep, goat, cow, oxen, donkey, chicken) and
electronic and/or house equipment like tape recorders,
Member commitment or patronage has historically radio, television, and chairs were met after being
been an essential ingredient in the survival of members. This suggests that cooperative is a sure
cooperatives and it continues to be important today. A place to belong for the actualization of physical,
lasting feature of cooperative organizations is the social and economic needs. It enhances saving habits,
importance of patronage and member commitment for distribution of surplus to be allocated and retained for
survival (Fulton & Adamowicz, 2003). They noted asset building (Asratie, 2014).
that the failure of Farmers Export Company in 1985
is a clear example of this. They blamed a lack of In a study by Gray and Kraenzle (2008), they noted
member commitment for the failure of this that most cooperative farmers advocated for the
interregional grain marketing cooperative. Rowan in provision of farm tools, while some others indicated
Fulton and Adamowicz (2003) pointed that lack of their need to be the provision of farm inputs and
member commitment and patronage, in addition to sidelines. Also, that member should receive patronage
mismanagement led to the demise of the cooperative. dividends in proportion to patronage. This is as they
had received various forms of assistance or support
The voluntary patronage characteristic of from the cooperatives. The complaint or displeasure
cooperatives is a classic example of the free-rider could be as a result of not knowing exactly what a
problem. Although there is no immediate penalty to member prioritized as a pressing need. This suggests

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the need for cooperatives to ensure they identify the statistical techniques of data analysis were employed.
needs of members before offering any form of Results revealed that the provision of general loans,
assistance. This is to avoid giving the wrong help or housing construction loans for members, specific
where it is not appreciated. loans for the purchase of land, special loans for
renovation of existing buildings and collective
Fulton and Adamowicz (2003) observed the essence
purchase of land for building construction were the
of minimal membership fees over cooperatives
most dominant strategies adopted by the cooperative
participation and patronage. Due to the minimal
societies in the provision of affordable housing for
membership fee of five dollars (Cdn) and a variety of
their members in the study area. Results also revealed
products and services offered by the Alberta Wheat
that the cost of materials of construction and
Pool cooperative of Canada, virtually every farmer in
unnecessary bureaucracy was the most significant
Alberta is a member of this cooperative. All that is
constraints to affordable housing provision by the
required for a farmer to be an Alberta Wheat Pool
cooperative societies in the study area.
member is to have done some business (even a very
small value) with the cooperative at some time in the Tarekegn (2017) conducted a study that explores the
past and to have paid the membership fee. This factors that contribute to the satisfaction of members
feasible or physical requirement was said to have in their cooperatives. The study adopted a survey
influenced many who never had the intention of design. The study sample was 102 randomly selected
joining such cooperative to do so. individual members of consumer cooperatives,
farmers' multipurpose cooperatives, saving and credit
Review of Related Empirical Studies
cooperative societies (SACCOs). The major
Agba, Titus & Enang (2017) examined the
instrument of data collection was a questionnaire and
relationship between labour union cooperatives and
designed with a seven-point Likert scale scoring. The
workers' welfare in the University of Calabar, Cross
collected data were analyzed using descriptive
River State, Nigeria. A survey design was adopted. A
statistics, correlation and principal factor analysis
structured questionnaire was used to sample opinions
with orthogonal rotation (Varimax). Kruskal-Wallis
from purposively selected workers who were
Test was also conducted to compare the satisfaction
cooperators in the university. Data was also sourced
levels over the different groups of respondents. The
from the cooperative records. Information gathered
study found that comparatively, SACCO members are
were analyzed using frequency count, charts, graph
more satisfied than other cooperative members. In
and regression. Findings revealed that labour union
fact, overall cooperative members are satisfied by
cooperatives help in many significant ways to
their cooperatives in both factors. The study found
improve workers’ welfare. It also shed that
also that membership duration and members'
cooperatives enable workers to pay medical bills, rent
satisfaction on the 'internal management and
houses, pay children school fees, own houses, buy
operational factor' is negatively correlated.
cars as well as acquire cheap and affordable plots. It
also revealed that cooperatives encouraged members Gray (2016) conducted research that analysed
to save and increase their investment levels, provides member satisfaction of US dairy co-operatives from
additional income to workers through dividends and 1993 to 2012. The study utilized both primary and
gives low-interest loans to employees. secondary data. The study analysed data using cluster
analysis and Spearman rank-order analysis. The
Azeez and Mogaji-Allison (2017) evaluated different
results showed that members who agreed that the co-
constraints of affordable housing and strategies
operative tries to cover too big an area had lower
employed by cooperative housing societies in tertiary
levels of satisfaction with the co-operative overall. It
institutions in Lagos State to ameliorate challenges
was also found that other respondents agreed that the
facing members. Data for the study were obtained
co-operative was more concerned with operations
from both primary and secondary sources. A set of
than about its member's welfare and those members
questionnaire was designed. The questionnaire was
do not receive as much information as they need
administered using a simple random sampling
about operations or programmes. Again, many
technique. A total of 50 executives of cooperative
members do not agree that the co-operative does a
societies in the tertiary institutions in Lagos state
good job marketing their milk and that the co-
were selected for questionnaire administration.
operative pays members fairly for their milk. They
Information was obtained on respondents' profiles,
showed low levels of satisfaction with management
type of cooperative societies, activities of the
and the board of directors and do not agree that
cooperative societies, methods of housing provision
members have a great amount of influence on how
and the challenges faced by the cooperative societies
the co-operative is run.
in housing provision. Descriptive and inferential

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Hernández-Espallardo, Arcas-Lario and Tantius identification of demographic and socio-economic
(2017) conducted a research that uses Neoclassical elements that explains different levels of satisfaction
Theory and Transaction Costs Theory to examine among different cooperative members in Peru. Data
several antecedents of farmers' satisfaction in co- were obtained through a survey of 150 cocoa farmers
operative and their intention to remain members in and analyzed through three main statistical methods:
the long term. The survey research obtained data from exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis and t-test.
320 members of agricultural marketing co-operatives The results indicated that farmer satisfaction is
in the Spanish Region of Murcia. Data were gathered explained by a complex set of cognitive and psycho-
using questionnaire. Average mean count and social elements and pro-social emotions. In addition,
standard coefficient (t-value) were used in data the results showed that some socio-economic features
analysis. The results obtained showed that the such as farm size or household size are associated
liquidation price is more important to predict the with the varying existing levels of farmer satisfaction.
farmers' satisfaction with the co-operatives than their
METHODOLOGY
intention to remain members. Again, transaction costs The survey research design was employed in this
were important to explain satisfaction and to a larger study. The adoption of this design is that it enhances
degree, the intention to continue the relationship with accurate data collection. It again provides a researcher
the co-operatives and liquidation price is more with the opportunity for field observation and
effective upon satisfaction and continuity if descriptive interpretation of results. This study was
transaction costs are lower. carried out in the tertiary institutions in Anambra
Taiwo, Udunze and Agbasi (2015) examined the State. Anambra State is in South-Eastern Nigeria and
effect of cooperative membership on the economic was created on 27th August 1991 out of the old
empowerment of women in Osun State of Nigeria. Anambra State. The population is six thousand, six
They obtained data from 375 women cooperators hundred and forty-seven (6,647) cooperative
across two senatorial zones of the state using members in tertiary institutions in Anambra State.
questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed with both The data was generated from the Anambra State
descriptive statistics and inferential model of Directorate of Cooperatives in 2019. The sample size
regression, T-test, ANOVA, nonparametric is three hundred and seventy-seven (377) cooperative
correlation test as well post–hoc test. Results from the members in tertiary institutions in Anambra State.
study revealed that socio-economic variables of the This was statistically generated using Taro Yamane
respondents are determinant factors for their formula. This study adopted a multi-stage sampling
cooperative membership. It was also revealed that technique. The study sourced data from a primary
women cooperative societies are involved in different source (structured questionnaire). The instrument was
economic empowerment activities that are accessible content and construct validated. The reliability of the
and capable of empowering women in Osun State. instrument was ascertained through a pilot sample.
The findings also revealed that economic The questionnaire was separately administered on a
empowerment activities of women cooperatives have sample of 20 cooperative members. The scores were
positive effects on the level of entrepreneurial skills analyzed using Cronbach Alpha reliability analysis
acquired by the women cooperators in Osun State. scale. A coefficient of 0.75 was obtained with a
standardized alpha of 0.83. The coefficient value was
Sujith and Sumathy (2019) conducted a study to
therefore considered adequate for the study as having
examine customer or member satisfaction of Primary
Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) in Kerala, India. crossed the 0.05 reliability benchmark. The researcher
administered copies of the questionnaire and gathered
A sample of 140 respondents were randomly selected
from the customers and members of the primary data through the help of two research assistants. Out
agricultural credit societies. The study gathered data of the three hundred and seventy-seven (377) copies
through a questionnaire designed for a five-point of the questionnaire administered, three hundred and
Likert scale. Data were analyzed using frequency, eighteen (318) copies which represent an 84%
mean ratings and regression analysis. The analysis response rate were retrieved and used for analysis.
showed that the loan term is the most influencing Field data were processed using SPSS software
factor that affects the customer satisfaction of PACS. version 25 and presented in tables. Data were
The findings also revealed that most of the customers analysed using descriptive statistics such as
are satisfied with the services of their Cooperatives. percentage, frequency count, mean. The study
hypothesis was tested using regression analysis.
Higuchi, Coq-Huelva, Arias-Gutierrez and Alfalla- Multiple regression analysis was used to assess how
Luque (2020) conducted a study that analysed the cooperative membership, membership status and
factors related to farmer satisfaction as well as the

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frequency of cooperative patronage influence physical needs.
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Effect of cooperative membership, membership status and frequency of cooperative patronage on physical
needs satisfaction of members
Table 1: Physical Needs Satisfaction of Cooperative Members
Statements Std. Dv. N x Remarks
Discounted vehicles from cooperative .148 318 2.07 Rejected
Housing construction loan .213 318 3.11 Accepted
Made my accommodation need easier .845 318 4.20 Accepted
Loan for business establishment .320 318 3.45 Accepted
Specific loan for the purchase of land .174 318 3.00 Accepted
Special loans for renovation of my existing buildings .439 318 4.42 Accepted
Offering of phones at subsidized rates .113 318 2.18 Rejected
Home appliances at a subsidized rate .842 318 3.33 Accepted
Cooking stuff, like oil, rice etc at a lower rate .129 318 4.21 Accepted
Resumption loan for my children school .603 318 3.34 Accepted
Source: Field Survey, 2020
Table 1 displays the analysis of the extent of members' physical needs satisfaction by cooperatives. The result
indicates that physical needs such as housing construction loan (x=3.11), accommodation (x=4.20), loan for
business establishment (x=3.45), specific loan for the purchase of land (x=3.00), special loans for renovation of
existing buildings (x=4.42), home appliances at a subsidized rate (x=3.33), cooking stuff, like oil, rice etc at a
lower rate (x=4.21) and loan for children resuming school (x=3.34) were accepted to have been met. However,
those rejected not to have been met by the cooperatives are discounted vehicles (x=2.07) and offering of phones
at subsidized rates (x=2.18). This suggests that the cooperatives are actively involved in meeting their members'
physical needs.
Test of Hypothesis One
H01: Physical needs are not influenced by the length of cooperative membership, membership status and
frequency of cooperative patronage.
Table 2: Regression result of hypothesis one
Coeff. t-stat. Sig. level
Constant 273.198 2.738 0.001
X1 Length of Coop. Membership 44.352 1.601** 0.000
X2 Memb. Status -1.129 -1.252 0.216
X3 Frq.Coop. Patronage 0.661 32.416* 0.040
R2 0.926
Adj. R2 0.861
F 253.174
N 318
*Significant at 5% level
Dependent variable: physical needs
Source: Field Survey, 2020
The result of table 2 reveals that length of cooperative of a person is most likely to influence his physical
membership and frequency of cooperative patronage needs.
are statistically significant at 5% level since their p-
The R2 (.926) = 92.6 indicates the extent to which the
value is less than 0.05. The influence of these dependent variable is explained by the independent
variables on the physical needs of members is
variables. That is, 93% of the variation in physical
significant as the length of membership can determine
needs (dependent variable) is caused (explained) by
how physical needs would be met. That is, when
the independent variables (length of cooperative
someone is in a hurry to leave a cooperative within
membership and frequency of cooperative patronage).
few years of joining, such a person is most likely not
Also, the adjusted R2 (.861) indicates that 86% of the
to have his needs met. Again, the level of patronage physical needs were explained by changes in the

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
respondents' length of cooperative membership and European Journal of Business & Management,
frequency of cooperative patronage. However, as all 6(20), 146-155.
other variables are significant at 5% level, [5] Azeez, T & Mogaji-Allison, B. (2017).
membership status was found not to be a significant Constraints of affordable housing through
factor. As such, the study could not uphold the null cooperative societies in tertiary institutions in
hypothesis but rather posits that physical needs are Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Geography &
significantly influenced by the length of cooperative Regional Planning, 10(3), 39-46.
membership and frequency of cooperative patronage.
[6] Dakurah, H., Goddard, E & Osuteye, N. (2015).
Conclusion Attitudes towards and satisfaction with
This study concludes that the length of cooperative cooperatives in Alberta: A survey analysis. A
membership and frequency of patronage enhances the Paper Presented at the American Agricultural
actualization of the physical needs of members. In Economics Association Annual Meeting,
addition, membership status was decided as a critical Providence, Rhode Island, July 24th-27th.
factor influencing not just the physical, but also the
perceived happiness/satisfaction of members. To this [7] Dogarawa, A. B. (2010). The role of
end, this study submits that more years spent in cooperative societies in economic development.
cooperative and frequency of patronage enhances the Munich Personal RePEC Archive (MPRA)
actualization of physical needs of members. Again, Paper No. 23161. Retrieved 6th May 2020,
membership status has the potency of influencing not from http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23161/
just the physical, but the perception of happiness and [8] Fulton, J.R & Adamowicz, W.L. (2003).
satisfaction of the members. Factors that influence the commitment of
Recommendations members to their cooperative organization.
Based on the findings, this study recommends that; Journal of Agricultural Cooperation, 2(1), 39-
53.
1. The cooperative societies should continue to
strive in ensuring that members’ needs are [9] Gray, T. (2016). A meta-analysis of member
reasonably met. In doing this the cooperatives satisfaction studies of US dairy co-operatives.
should possibly adopt a scale of preference Journal of co-operative studies, 49(1), 5-19.
approach in tackling members need. This will [10] Gray, T.W & Kraenzle, C.A. (2008). Member
help sustain members confidence and encourage participation in agricultural cooperatives: A
longer years of membership or even patronage. regression and scale analysis. United States
2. Cooperative societies should leverage on their Department of Agriculture (USDA), RBS
membership strength to promote social cohesion Research Report 165, pp. 1-30.
among members. This will help eliminate [11] Hernández-Espallardo, M., Arcas-Lario, N &
discouragement and possible dissatisfaction of Tantius, P.H. (2017). Farmers’ satisfaction and
members on the operations of their cooperative intention to continue as members of agricultural
societies. marketing co-operatives: A test of the
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