WORK AT HEIGHT TRAINING MODULE WORK AT HEIGHT

IS NOT A CIRCUS
A Proactive HSE management system
ALWAYS USE A
FALL PROTECTION

Safety First
Author:
Md. Ashfaque Ansari
B.Sc.-Human Physiology NQV-6 Diploma, Chemical Process Safety –IIT Rourke
(CSP & GradIOSH Qualified Credential)

MD ASHFAQUE ANSARI 1
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Qualification:
Bachelor in Human Physiology, NQV-L6 Diploma, Process Chemical Safety-IIT Rourke, Appearing Mater in Environmental
Science (Qualified Credential For CSP & GRADIOSH)

Experience:
Having 8+ years excellent experienced Safety Professional with a demonstrated hands on experience of working in various
industrial sector across India and Gulf region. Strong in construction Safety management, interior fit outs and Real estate
and Electrical power transmission Maintenance Projects. (33KV & 11KV and LV Network)

Skills: SAP EHS, Microsoft Windows, OHS Management, Construction Safety, Chemical Process Safety, Construction Waste
Management. Emergency Response Plan. COHSS Assessment
First Aid, Incident Investigation Report, EHS Training, Internal Safety Audit and Applied Mathematics.

Author:
Md. Ashfaque Ansari
B.Sc.-Human Physiology NQV-6 Diploma, Chemical Process Safety –IIT Rourke (CSP Qualified Credential)

Disclaimer: The information provided in this book is designed to provide helpful information on the subjects discussed.. The
publisher and author are not responsible for any specific application or preparation, to any person reading or following the
information in this book. References are provided information purpose only and do not constitute endorsement of any website
or other sources

MD ASHFAQUE ANSARI 2
 CONTENTS

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 04

Definitions .............................................................................................................................................................. 04

Reference ............................................................................................................................................................. 05

Common Fall Hazards ............................................................................. ………………………………………………………….. 06 -07

Fall Hazards Control Measures …………..................................................................................................................... 08-11

Safety Belt Fall Hazards Factors ………………………………………………………………………….................................................. 12

Parts of Scaffold ad Ladder Safety ............................................................... ………………………………………………………. 13

Common fall protection Photographs ...................................................................................................................... 14

Social Media Link ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15

MD ASHFAQUE ANSARI 3
 INTRODUCTION

This brief guide describes what you, as an employer, need to do to protect your employees from falls from height. It will also be useful to
employees and their representatives. Following this guidance is normally enough to comply with the Work at Height Regulations 2005
(WAHR). You are free to take other action, except where the guidance says you must do something specific. Falls from height are one of the
biggest causes of workplace fatalities and major injuries. Common causes are falls from ladders and through fragile roofs. The purpose of
WAHR is to prevent death and injury from a fall from height. Work at height means work in any place where, if there were no precautions in
place, a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury. For example you are working at height if you:

 Are working on a ladder or a flat roof;

 Are you working on MEWP or
 Could fall through a fragile surface;
 Could fall into an opening in a floor or a hole in the ground.

DIFINITIONS
TERM DIFINITIONS:

1. Work at height: Any work location / place where chance of fall of person and material is called work at height (more than 1.8M height
required PTW)
2. Edge protection: Is fall protection equipment most commonly used during the construction of commercial buildings or residential housing.
It often consists of a toe board, a main guard rail and an intermediate rail
3. Safety Belt & Lanyard: Is a form of protective equipment designed to protect a wearer from falling from a height. By wearing
the belt or lanyard the risk of injury from a fall is greatly reduced
4. MEWP: Mobile Elevated Working Platform is a platform, usually powered, designed to help a person or people to carry out work at
height in safe manner. ( Cherry picker, Boom lift, Arial work platform etc.)
5. Ladder: A piece of equipment consisting of a series of bars or steps between two upright lengths of wood, metal, or rope, used for
climbing up or down something. (Used for short time of work)
6. Scaffolding: A temporary structure on the outside of a building, made of wooden planks and metal poles, used by workmen while
building, repairing, or cleaning the building.

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Training Presentation:

Work At Height.

 Working at height' means working in a place where a person

could be injured by falling from it, even if it is at or below ground
level. Working at Height Regulations applies to all work at
height where there is a risk of a fall liable to cause personal injury

 After going through training you will know:

1. Identify types of fall hazards associated with workplace

environments.
2. Identify methods to eliminate or protect against fall hazards.
3. Safety belt and fall factor
4. Scaffold basic requirement
5. Ladder
6. Edge protection System

References

 The Building And Other Construction Workers (Regulation Of Employment And Conditions Of Service) Act, 1996 And BOCW Central Rules,
Chapter XVI & XIX

 Clause: 4.4.6- OHSAS 18001:2007 – Occupational Health and Safety Management System Standard

 OSHA:19:26.502 Fall Protection (Fall protection systems criteria and practice

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COMMAN FALL HAZARDS

Source of photos: OSHA

Overhead Platforms Overhead Runways Elevated Work Stations
Photo 1. This is a photo of two platforms on either side of a bucket conveyor. Access to the platforms is provided by the one ladder between them that stops
at the level of the platform. Employees have to climb to either platform from the ladder. Once there they can step across the opening to the other platform
when they have to access the conveyor for routine greasing or climb back down on the ladder and then climb back up to the other platform.
Phot 2. Employees exposed to a 25 foot fall from conveyor platform with defective guardrail.
Photo 3. Employees were exposed to falling 14 feet from the roof top of manufactured homes. Employees were working on the roof of manufactured home
installing roof decking, roof seating and electrical wiring without controls to prevent falls.

Floor Openings/Pits Wall Opening Shelving Units

Photo 1. This photo is of a service pit used for oil changes and other vehicle maintenance. The pit is 50 inches deep.
Photo 2. Sheet metal not attached to vertical steel beams. Sheet metal pushed away from floor allowing employee to fall.
Photo 3. Shelving unit used for storage. Workers would climb then stand on top.

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COMMAN FALL HAZARDS

Source of photos: OSHA

Stationary Storage Tank Tanker Truck Industrial Production Units
Photo 1. Industrial tanks that often require worker access on top.
Photo 2. Man climbing off/onto tanker ladder and walking the top of the tanker.
Photo 3. Employee working above 4-feet on machine platform without fall protection.

Poor working platform Unsafe-act on the top of ladder Unsafe Ladder Position

Photo 1.Unsafe scaffold working platform that often require worker access on top. Even not wearing safety belt and fall arrester
Photo 2. Man climbing off top on the top of ladder .
Photo 3. Ladder fixing on the dust bin, it could be slide or fall

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 FALL HAZARDS CONTROL MESURES
Hierarchy of Fall Hazard Control:

First line of defense

Elimination the fall hazard (Hazard elimination is a hazard control strategy based on completely removing a material or process causing a
hazard)

Second line of defense

Substitution the fall hazards(The goal of substitution is to replace a hazardous product or process with a safer one
Third line of defense
Prevent the fall (Prevention means the act or practice of stopping something bad from happening. In the sense of OSH it means the
avoidance of the risk or hazard at work)

Fourth line of defense

Control the fall (A control, in terms of occupational health and safety, is a type of intervention used to manage, direct, or mitigate a
workplace hazard)

Last line of defense

PPE’S protect from fall (Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards
that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses. These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with chemical, radiological, physical,
electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards)

Eliminate fall hazards – hole covers/grates, A very effective way to eliminate a fall hazard design to
withstand with intended load. Secure bolt, hinged latched locked

Covering floor openings is a very effective way to eliminate a fall hazard, especially if access to the hole is
rarely necessary.

When routine travel over the opening is necessary, often a cover is used, such as a trap-door. Covers
must be designed to withstand the potential load that may be placed upon them.

They must also be secured (bolted, hinged, latched, locked) to prevent accidental displacement as well.
It should be noted that the execution team should inform to HSE team and take safety precaution as
given by HSE officer for open and/or remove the cover and that when the cover is opened or removed
another means of protection is necessary. When the floor opening cover is opened, either a temporary
guardrail must be in place or the opening must be constantly attended by someone until closed.

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FALL HAZARDS CONTROL MESURES

Eliminate fall hazards – work at height

Adjustable Retractable Extension Pole Stick For Roller Paint is a very effective way to
eliminate a fall hazard, especially if access to the ceiling painting.

It should check before used and worn safety goggles & nose mask

Photo-02, Air conditioners fixed on the roof.

Photo-03, Air conditioners fix on the ground.

Eliminating a fall risk can be as simple as moving an air-conditioner from the roof
to the ground, or more simply designing a building to ensure they are placed there
in the first place

Air-conditioners are commonly used across the world – and frequently require
servicing – particularly those in commercial and industrial locations. Placing an air
conditioner on a roof may offer some benefits for its performance or reduce noise,
but it introduces additional risks of falls when maintenance is required to be done.
Therefore simply moving the air conditioner to a ground based location eliminates
the risk of a fall altogether.

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FALL HAZARDS CONTROL MESURES

Substitute fall hazards – work at height

Photo-01, Temporary ladder fix to work at height, it could be chance of fall due to
poor secure and unsafe act. Instead of this ladder we can use photo-02 ladder
Photo02, Fix ladder have potential and withstand support.

This process simply means substituting one current means of access with another
access that provides a substantially higher level of safety

A temporary ladder can provide hazards – especially if it is the wrong type of ladder
being used for the application. Substituting this with a permanently fixed ladder system
may be a more suitable alternative. Going a step further and placing a set of steps on
the side of the building is an even better way of eliminating the hazard, providing it is
reasonably practicable to do so.

Substitute fall hazards – work at height

Photo-01, A worker using pole climbing shoes to maintenance work of electricity, it

would not be suitable for long working hours, and its also poor posture and poor
working environments for the workers.

Meanwhile Photo-02, The same activities going on MEWP, which is reduce the risk of
fall from height, MEWP should have proper edge protection and good working
platform where worker can easily execute their work, while using this MEWP,
managements also save the time and provide more productivity within a timeframe.

MEWP-must be TPI Inspected by competent person, and operator should be enough

knowledge and experience, before start mewp kindly ensure it should be farm sited
and fully functional
Additionally, workers must be wearing Safety harness to prevent fall.

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FALL HAZARDS CONTROL MESURES

Prevent the fall – guardrails (Engineering Control)

Standard railing
Top rail, mid rail, and posts
Height from upper surface of top rail to floor level is 42” (+/− 3”) Mid-rail
height is 21”
Standard toe board
3.5” high, Not more than ¼” clearance above the floor, Guardrails – guardrail
systems are vertical barriers consisting of top rails, mid-rails, and
intermediate vertical members. Guardrail systems can also be combined
with toe-boards, which are barriers that prevent materials and equipment
from dropping to lower levels.
Prevent the fall – fences and barricades: Prevents unauthorized employee
exposure to fall hazard Employer authorizes access
Authorized personnel must then be protected from the fall hazards within fences,
barricades, and locked doors, whether inside the facility or outside, can be used to
prevent unauthorized access to areas where a fall hazard exists. Only authorized and
trained employees would have access. Once inside, a method of fall protection must
be implemented for the authorized worker

Administrative Control - Administrative controls are training, procedure, policy, or shift

designs that lessen the threat of a hazard to an individual. Administrative controls typically
change the behavior of people rather than removing the actual hazard or providing personal
protective equipment
List of Administrative control are:-
Training: Workers should be trained to identify hazards, monitor hazard exposure, and safe procedures for
working around the hazard. Additionally, employees should know how to protect themselves and their co-
workers.
Procedures: The steps in a job process may need to be rearranged or updated to keep the worker for
encountering the hazard. Developing standardized safe work practices is an important step.
Maintenance: Having a maintenance schedule for machines known to be hazardous can keep everything
running smoothly and safely. Preventive maintenance will address any equipment issues before they become
a problem.
Housekeeping: Sustaining a clean and clutter-free space will greatly reduce the risk of injury and can minimize
the severity of an accident.
Signs: Wall signs and floor signs can be posted or installed to enforce administrative controls. Visual cues can
remind workers which areas are prohibited from entering, when breaks need to be taken to limit heat
exposure, and much more.

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 SAFETY BELT FALL HAZARDS FACTORS

Control the fall – Safety Belt

Know the A, B, Cs of Personal Fall Arrest Systems

Anchorages
Body harness
Components
(connectors like snap hooks or Dee-rings, connection points, lanyards,
deceleration devices, lifelines, etc.)

Installed, used, and maintained according to the

manufacturer

A personal fall arrest system is a system used to safely stop (arrest) a

worker who is falling from a working level. It consists of an anchorage,
connectors, and a body harness. It also may include a lanyard, deceleration
device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these.

It must be set-up to ensure that the worker will not free-fall more than 6
feet before the system begins to arrest the fall, hit the ground or an object
below.

The higher the anchorage the better!

Using a Retractable Lifeline:

Calculating fall clearance distance using a retractable lifeline is similar to using a shock-absorbing lanyard, with one key difference: Workers should replace the lanyard length with
the maximum freefall distance. This is the distance from the start of a fall to just before the fall arrest system engages. It is calculated by measuring the displacement of harness's
attachment point between the onset of the fall and just before the fall arrest system engages; OSHA limits this to 6' or less.
3.5' deceleration distance. This is the distance a worker falls between the time a fall arrest device activates and the stopping point. 6' height of worker. The average height of a worker is 6'.
3' safety factor. This value should not be less than 1'. 18.5' total fall clearance distance. This is the total distance workers should give themselves between the fall arrest system's
attachment point and the lower level when working at height. Note: These are sample numbers and should be used only as guidelines.
Fall protection was OSHA's most-cited violation in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015

How to Calculate Fall Clearance Distance

Lanyard length + deceleration distance + height of worker + safety factor = Total fall clearance distance

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Parts of Scaffold ad Ladder Safety

Know the Parts of Tube & coup lock scaffold.

1. Base Plate - A base jack or plate which is a load-bearing base for the scaffold
2. Sole Board – Timber sole plate of at least 25cm wide and 5cm thick should be
laid for the support of base plates

3. Standard - The standard, the upright component with connector joins

4. Ledger - The ledger, a horizontal brace
5. Toe Board - Used at the end of the working platform to ensure that
materials and tools do not fall off the scaffold.
The toe boards must be a minimum height of 150mm
6. Top Rail - At 42 inches (_/+3 inches)
6. Mid Rail – Halfway between top rail and working platform (23inches)
8. Top Working Platform - Working platform which is made by wooden planks
and jail and no gaps.
9. Ladder – Should be placed for safe access and egress

Here are 10 tips for ladder safety when hanging decorations:

1. Carefully inspect the ladder for defects, checking for cracks, corrosion and that bolts and
rivets are secure. Tag and remove unsafe ladders from service.
2. Make sure the ladder's feet work properly and have slip-resistant pads.
3. Use a fiberglass ladder if there is any chance of contact with electricity.
4. When setting the ladder, look for a safe location with firm, level footing and rigid
support for the top of the ladder. Be sure to set it at an angle per the manufacturer's
guidance.
5. When climbing off a ladder at an upper level, make sure the ladder extends 3 feet above
the landing.
6. When climbing the ladder, use three points of contact — keep 1 hand and both feet or
both hands and 1 foot in contact with the ladder at all times.
7. Never carry any load that could cause you to lose balance.
8. Never stand on top of a ladder.
9. Don't pull, lean, stretch or make sudden moves on a ladder that could cause it to tip over.
A scaffold or other safe working surface may be a better choice for your task.
10. Avoid setting the ladder near exit doors, near the path of pedestrian or vehicular traffic.

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COMMAN FALL PROTECTION PHTOGRAPHS

Lift Shaft edge protection Construction slab Cut-out protection Construction Slab edge protection

Man lift Carry Picker Full body harness and safety net
Stair hand rails fall protection
The all above photographs ultimately showing edge protection and fall protection system while working at height, specially in construction industries,
nearly Each year an estimated 684 000 individuals die from falls globally of which over 80% are in low- and middle-income countries. Adults older than
60 years of age suffer the greatest number of fatal falls. 37.3 million falls that are severe enough to require medical attention occur each year
(reference WHO), which is result in major lose of life and property, moreover company has lost their social, economical and moral values.

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Any Question About This Training Module you can contact me below link ?

https://www.youtube.com/c/HSEMENTOR

mentorhse@gmail.com

@hsementor

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