Laboratory Work in Bio 102: Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory Activity No. 5

DELOS SANTOS, JESSIECAH, CHICANO BSN-1A
Laboratory Work in Bio 102: Microbiology and Parasitology
LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 5
1. Analyzing cases pertaining to infections of genitourinary tract:
A 25-year-old sexually active female sought consultation because of a burning sensation during
urination. She also complained of frequency and urgency in urination. The attending physician is thinking
of a probable urinary tract infection.
a. Enumerate and explain briefly the factors that can predispose the development of UTI.
- A woman has a shorter urethra, which shortens the distance that bacteria must travel to reach the
bladder.
- Sexually active women tend to have more UTIs than do women who aren't sexually active. Having a
new sexual partner also increases your risk.
- Women who use diaphragms for birth control may be at higher risk, as well as women who use
spermicidal agents.
- Decline in circulating estrogen causes changes in the urinary tract that make you more vulnerable to
infection.
b. Differentiate Lower UTI from Upper UTI as to clinical manifestation How do bacteria reach the
kidneys?
- Upper UTI occurs either in the kidneys, medically termed pyelonephritis, or in the ureters. This is often
more alarming than lower UTI. Some of the symptoms include lower back pain, fever, chills, nausea, and
vomiting. The bacteria migrate from the genitals through the urethra into the bladder and up the tubes
(ureters) that connect the bladder to the kidneys. Some bacteria, such as staphylococcus infections, can
enter the kidneys from the bloodstream.
c. Why is urinary infection more common in females than in males?
- Women are more likely to develop UTIs because they have a shorter urethra than men. Bacteria don't
have to travel very far to reach and infect a woman's bladder.
d. What is the proper way of collecting urine specimen. What instructions should be given to the patient
when collecting a urine sample?
- Diagnosis requires collection of urine generally by 1 of 4 methods: sterile urine bag, urethral
catheterization, suprapubic aspiration, or clean-catch. The instruction should be given to the patient
when collecting urine sample are label a sterile, screw-top container with your name, date of birth and
the date, wash hands, start to pee and collect a sample of urine "mid-stream" in the container, screw
the lid of the container shut and wash hands again. Collect all urine you pass and immediately add it to
the special collection container.
e. What possible complications can rise in person with untreated and repeated urinary tract infection?
- People who suffer from chronic UTIs may experience complications. Recurring urinary tract infections
may eventually cause: kidney infections, kidney disease, and other permanent kidney damage, especially
in young children.
f. How you treat urinary tract infection naturally?
- In order to treat urinary tract infection naturally it should follow these: Drink Plenty of Fluids, Increase
Vitamin C Intake, Drink Unsweetened Cranberry Juice, Take a Probiotic, it is important not to hold urine
for too long. This can lead to a buildup of bacteria, resulting in infection, staying hydrated, practicing
some healthy habits and supplementing your diet with some UTI-fighting ingredients are good ways to
lower your risk of getting them.
2. A 28-year old male brought to the hospital because of fever and yellowish discoloration of the skin
and eyes (sclera). On physical examination, the liver is enlarged and tender. Laboratory results reveal
positive (+) HBs Ag. Hepatitis Positive.
a. What is the probable condition involved in this case?
- The probable condition involved in this case is first when hepatitis has an inflammation of the liver. The
condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer.
b. How this disease acquired by a certain individual?
- The virus is one of several types of hepatitis viruses that cause inflammation and affect your liver's
ability to function. We are most likely to get hepatitis A from contaminated food or water or from close
contact with a person or object that's infected. Mild cases of hepatitis A don't require treatment.
c. What are the different kinds of Hepatitis?
- The different kinds of Hepatitis are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E.
d. What are some ways by which hepatitis can be prevented?
- Simple way is handwashing. To reduce your risk of spreading or catching the hepatitis A virus: Always
wash your hands thoroughly after using the restroom and when you come in contact with an infected
person's blood, stools, or other bodily fluid. Avoid unclean food and water.
e. Differentiate the two most common kinds of hepatitis: Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B. Explain.
- Hepatitis B is a blood-borne pathogen, its primary mode of transmission is through direct blood-to-
blood contact with an infected person. In contrast, hepatitis A can be spread by fecal-oral transmission
or by consuming food or water that has been contaminated.

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DELOS SANTOS, JESSIECAH, CHICANO BSN-1A

Laboratory Work in Bio 102: Microbiology and Parasitology

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 5

1. Analyzing cases pertaining to infections of genitourinary tract:

c. Why is urinary infection more common in females than in males?

f. How you treat urinary tract infection naturally?

a. What is the probable condition involved in this case?

b. How this disease acquired by a certain individual?

c. What are the different kinds of Hepatitis?

d. What are some ways by which hepatitis can be prevented?

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