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Goodwill

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Goodwill

Goodwill in accounting is an intangible asset that arises when a buyer acquires an

existing business. Goodwill represents assets that are not separately identifiable. Goodwill does

not include identifiable assets that are capable of being separated or divided from the entity and

sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, either individually or together with a related

contract, identifiable asset, or liability regardless of whether the entity intends to do so. Goodwill

also does not include contractual or other legal rights regardless of whether those are transferable

or separable from the entity or other rights and obligations. Goodwill is also only acquired

through an acquisition; it cannot be self-created. Examples of identifiable assets that are goodwill

include a company’s brand name, customer relationships, artistic intangible assets, and any

patents or proprietary technology. The goodwill amounts to the excess of the "purchase

consideration" (the money paid to purchase the asset or business) over the net value of the assets

minus liabilities. It is classified as an intangible asset on the balance sheet, since it can neither be

seen nor touched. Under US GAAP and IFRS, goodwill is never amortized, because it is

considered to have an indefinite useful life. Instead, management is responsible for valuing

goodwill every year and to determine if an impairment is required. If the fair market value goes

below historical cost (what goodwill was purchased for), an impairment must be recorded to

bring it down to its fair market value. However, an increase in the fair market value would not be

accounted for in the financial statements. Private companies in the United States, however, may

elect to amortize goodwill over a period of ten years or less under an accounting alternative from

the Private Company Council of the FASB.

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