Islamiyat Pak Studies

ISLAMIAT • Noah lived for 950 years.
• Nooh is called predecessor, Naji Ullah; Shaikh ul

Ambiya.
• Abu ul Bashr Sani is title of Noah.
PROPHETS OF ISLAM
• After toofan-e-nooh, the city establish was Khasran
Ibrahim was thrown into the fire by the order of
• Adam was created on Juma day. Namrud.
• Adam landed in Sri Lanka on Adam’s Peak • Hazrat Ibraheem intended to sacrifice Ismaeel at
Mountain.
Mina. Ibrahim was born at Amer near Euphrate
• Adam is a word of Syriani language.
• Adam had 2 daughters. (Iraq) Ibraheem was firstly ordered to migrate to
• Kabeel killed Habeel because he wanted to Palestine.
marry Akleema. • First wife of Ibraheem was Saarah.
• The first person to be put into Hell will be • Second wife of Ibraheem was Haajirah.
Qaabil. • Azaab of mosquitoes was sent to the nation of
• Adam had 3 sons. Ibrahim
• Shees was youngest son of Adam. • Abraham is called khalilullah, father of prophets and
• Age of Adam at Sheesh’s birth was 130 years. Idol Destroyer.
• Adam walked from India to Makkah and • Age of Abraham at the time of his death 175 years.
performed forty Hajj. Adam knew 100 000 • Grave of Abraham is in Israel.(Syria chk it).
• Ibrahim is buried at Hebron in Jerusalem.
languages. (Roohul Bayaan) Abul Basher is
• Abrahem invented comb.
called to Hazrat Adam.
• Hazrat Adam built first mosque on earth. • Hazrat Loot was contemporary of Hazarat
• Height of Adam was 90 feet. Ibraheem Abraham remained in fire 40 days.
• Age of Adam at the time of his death 950 • Terah or Aazer was the father of Ibraheem.
years. • Grave of Lut is in Iraq.
• Hazrat Adam’s grave is in Saudi Arabia. • Luut died at Palestine and is buried at Hebron.
• Second prophet is Sheesh. Ibraheem was the uncle of Luut.
• Sheesh passed away at the age of 912 years. • Loot was maternal grandfather of Ayub.
Noah got prophethood at the age of 40 • Hazrat Loot was the first to migrate.
Noah’s ark was 400 x 100 yards area. • Lout resided at Ur near Mesopotamia. Lout
• Ark of Noah stopped at Judi Mountain migrated to Sodom and Gomorrah Ismaeel is
(Turkey). called Abu-al-Arab.
• Noah preached for 950 years. • Mother of Ismaeel was Haajrah.
• Nation of Noah worshipped 5 idols. • Ishaaq built boundaries of Masjid-e-Aqsaa.
• Nation of Noah was exterminated through the • Ishaaq was sent to Jews.
flood. • At Muqam-e-Ibraheem, there are imprints of
• Pigeon was sent for the search of land by Abraham.
Hazrat Nooh. • Abraham was first person to circumcise himself and
• Noah was sent to Iraq. his son.
• 2242 years after Adam, Toofan-e-Noah • Sara wife of Abraham and mother of Ishaaq was
occurred. sister of Loot.
• About 80 people were with him in the boat. • Haajrah the wife of Abraham was daughter of
• Duration of storm of Noah was for 6 months. Pharaoh of Egypt.
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• Abraham was 86 years old when Ismaeel was • Moosa died on Abareem Mountain.
born. • Grave of Musa is in Israel.
• Abraham was ordered to migrate along with • Teacher of Moosa was Shoaib.
family to valley of Batha meaning Makkah. • Moosa was brought up by Aasia Bint Mozahim.
• Abraham was sent to Jordan after leaving Elder brother of Moosa was Haroon.
Haajrah and Ismaeel Moosa had only one brother.
• Age of Abraham at the birth of Ishaaq was In Toowa valley Moosa was granted prophet hood.
100 years and of Sarah was 90 years. • An Egyptian was killed by Moosa.
• First wife of Abraham resided at Palestine. • Haroon was an eloquent speaker.
• Abraham intended to sacrifice Ismaeel at • Haroon is buried at Ohad.
Mina on 10th Zul Hajj. • Haroon & Musa both were prophets and
• As a result of sacrifice of Ismaeel, Abraham contemporaries.
was gifted a baby from Sarah named Ishaaq. • Prophet Ayub suffered from Skin Disease.
• Zam Zam emerged from beneath the foot of • Hazrat Ayub was famous for his patience.
Hazrat Ismaeel in the valley of Batha • The miracle of Dromedary (camel) is concerned
(Makkah). with Saleh 4 prophets were sent to Bani Israel.
• Hazrat Ismail discovered Hajar-e-Aswad. • Hazrat Idrees understood 722 languages.
• Ismaeel had 15 sons. • Hazrat Saleh invented Soap.
• Zabeeullah and Abu al Arab is called to • Kalori: hill, from where Isa was lifted alive.
Hazrat Ismaeel. • Zikraiya was carpenter.
• Ismaeel divorced his wife being discourteous. • Hazrat Zikraiya was cut with the Saw.
Jibrael brought sacred stone to Ismael. • Adam & Dawood are addressed as Khalifa in
• Original colour of the sacred stone was white. Quran.
• Gabriel gave the news of Ishaaq to Abraham. • Sulaiman & Dawood understood language of the
• Ishaaq married Rebecca. birds.
• Old name of Makkah was Batha. • The tree of date palm grew on the earth for the first
• Hazrat Idress was expert in astronomy. time. At Hanif mosque at Mina almost 70
• Uzair became alive after remaining dead for prophets are buried.
one hundred years. • Prophets attached with the profession of weaving
• Whale Swallowed Hazrat Younus (AS). are Adam, Idrees & Shaeet.
(Check it) Hazrat Yaqub has the title of • Hazrat younus was eaten by shark fish.
Israel • Younus prayed LAILAH ANTA SUBHANAK INI
• 1 Lac 24 thousand- total number of prophets. KUNTUM MINAZALIMIN in the belly of fish.
• Hazrat Idrees was the first who learnt to write. • Grave of Dawood is in Israel.
How many Sahifay were revealed to Hazrat • Yahya’s tomb is in Damascus.
Idrees (AS)? 30 Prophet Yahya A.S was • Bilal Habshi is buried in Damascus.
sent to people of Jordan. • Prophet with melodious voice Dawood.
• Hazrat Idrees (A.S) set up 180 cities. • Alive prophets are Issa & Khizr.
• Prophet Ishaaq A.S lost his eyesight in old • Zunoon (lord of fish) & Sahibul Hoot : Younus.
age. • The prophet whose people were last to suffer divine
• Hazrat Dawood could mould iron easily with punishment Saleh.
his hand. The event of ring is related to • Suleiman died while standing with the support of a
Hazrat Sulaiman. Hazrat Moosa (A.S) had stick.
impediment in his tongue Moosa was • Ashab-e-Kahf slept for 309 years.
granted 9 miracles. • The number of Ashab-e-Kahf was 7.
• Musa crossed the Red Sea. • Saleh invented soap.
• The prophet mentioned in Quran for most of • Idrees was expert in astronomy.
times is Moosa. • Prophet before Muhammad was Isaac.
• Ten commandments were revealed on • Hazrat Essa (A.S) was carpenter by profession.
Moosa.
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• Besides Essa, Yahya also got prophet hood in • Yousuf was famous for his beauty & knew facts of
childhood. dreams.
• Baitul Laham is the birth Place of Hazrat Essa • Mother of Yousuf was Rachel.
(AS) is situated in Jerusalem. • Yaqoob lost his eyesight in memory of Yousuf.
• Issa would cure the victims of leprosy. • Nation of Shoaib committed embezzlement in
• Zakria was contemporary of Issa. trusts.
• Issa was the cousin of Yahya. • Shoaib called Speaker of the Prophets. (Khateeb ul
• Romans kingdom was established in ambiya)
Palestine at Sisal’s birth. • Shoaib got blinded for weeping over destruction of
• Romans were Atheists. his nation.
• Ruler of Palestine at the birth of Esa was • Ilyas prayed for nation, it rained after a period of
Herod. 312 years.
• Maryum grew up in the house of Zakaiyya. • Uzair reassembled all copies of Taurait.
• Besides Esa, Adam was also a fatherless • Taloot was the father-in-law of Dawood.
prophet. • Dawood was good player of flute.
• Esa born at Bethlehem. • Fountain of Copper flowed from Sulaiman.
• Esa was born in 4 B.C. • Woodpecker conveyed Sulayman’s message to
• Yahaya was the precursor of Eessa. Saba queen.
• Contemporary of Yahya was Eessa. Yahya • Younus remained in fish for 40 days.
is buried at Syria. • King Herodus ordered the execution of Yahya.
• Our prophet has the title Habibullah. • Politus on Roman governor’s orders tried execution
• Prophet Dawood has the title NajeebUllah. of Issa.
• Prophet Jesus Christ is called Rooh-ul-Ullah. • Dawood is called as Najeeb Ullah.
Tur-e-Sina was the mountain where Hazrat • In Quran ten commandments are named Awamir-i-
Musa (AS) received Allah’s message. Ashara.
• Teacher of Hakeem Lukman was Dawood.
• Hazrat Musa was Kalimullah.
• Prophets lifted alive: Issa, Idrees & Ilyas.
• Science, astronomy, writing with pen, sewing
• Idrees was directed to migrate by Allah to Egypt.
and weapons were made by Idrees first of
all. • Idrees was the first man to learn to write.
• Idrees was taken alive to Heavens at the age of
• 30 Sahifay was revealed to Idrees.
365 Years.
• Aad was the nation of Hood.
• Gnostics regarded Sheesh as a divine emanation.
• After seven day’s continuous rain and storm
• Gnostics means Sheesinas and inhabited Egypt.
the nation of Hood destroyed.
• Idrees was sent to Gnostics.
• Nation of Samood was preached by Saleh. • Idol worship was forbidden by Idress to people.
• Miracle of pregnant female camel was sent to • Idress was special friend of one of the angels.
Samood. • Idrees remained in 4th heaven.
• 3 Sahifay were revealed to Abraham. • Idrees died in the wings of the angel.
• Israel was the son of Ishaaq. • Pigeon was sent for the search of land by Noah.
• Israel was 147 years old when Ishaaq died. • Sam, Ham & Riyyafas were the children of Noah.
• Mountains would break by the miracle of Bani Aad settled in Yemen.
Yaqoob.
Shaddad was famous king of Bani Aad.
• Musa married the daughter of Shoaib.
• Due to Zakria’s prayer Yahya was born.
• Yousuf remained in jail for 10 years.
• Yousuf and Yaqoob met each other after 40
years.
• Yousuf was the son of Yaqoob.
• Yousuf’s family was called the Israelites.
• Real brother of Yousuf was Bin Yamen.
• Yousuf was sold as a slave in Egypt.
• Yousuf had 12 brothers.
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Glorious palace near Adan built by Bani Aad was • Maryum lived at Nazareth before Esa’s birth.
known as Garden of Iram. • Maryum migrated to Egypt after Esa’s birth.
• Shaddad kingdom was extended to Iraq. • Number of Hawarin of Moosa was 12.
• A violent storm was sent to Bani Aad. • Jews and Romans were worried about Esa’s
• Grave of Hood is at Hazarmoat. influence.
• Oman, Yemen & Hazarmoat are in Southern • First prophet to demarcate Masjid-e-Aqsaa was
Arabia. Ishaaq.
• In Rajab, Arabs visit the grave of Hood. • Dawood’s real name was Abar.
• Bani Samood lived in Wadi al-Qura & Wadi al- • Ahsan ul Qasas is the life history of hazrat
Hajr. Yousif.
• Wadi al-Qura, Wadi al-Hajr are in Syria & Hijaz. • Nebuchadnezzer was ruler of Babylon; he
• Volcanic eruption was sent to Bani samood. founded Hanging gardens, which is one of the
• Contemporary of Abraham was Lut. wonders of the world.
• Hood was the uncle of Abraham. • Qaidar was one of the sons of Ismail who stayed
• A dreadful earthquake was sent to people of at Hijaz. Idrees used the first pen.
Lout. Four Ambiyah are still physically alive they are Esa
• Native area of Abraham was Mesopotamia. and Idrees in the skies and Khidr and Ilyaas are
• Surname of Terah was Aazar. on the earth.
• Father of Yaaqoob and Esau was Ishaq.
• Father-in-law of Ayyoob was Yaqoob.
• Ishaq is buried in Palestine.
• Age of Ishaq when he was blessed with twins HOLY QURAN
was 60 YEARS.
• Yunus was the twin brother of Yaaqoob. • Kalima Tayyaiba is mentioned in Quran for 2 times.
• Prophet bestowed with kingship of Allah: • The word Quran means “read one”. 114 total
Dawood. number of Surah
• Dawood was a soldier of Talut. • Surah means city of Refuge.
• Dawood lived in Bait-ul-Lahm. • 86 Makki Surah.
• Talut was also known as Saul. • 28 Madine Surah.
• Dawood is buried at Jerusalem. • 558 Rukus.
• Youngest son of Dawood was Sulaymaan. • Al-Baqrah is the longest Surah.
• Mother of Sulayman was Saba. • Al- Kausar is the shortest Surah.
• Sulayman ascended the throne of Joodia. • Al-Nass is the last surah.
• Sulaymaan was a great lover of horses. • 14 bows are in Quran.
• The ruler of Yemen in the time of Sulayman was • First bow occurs in 9th Para i.e Al-Inaam Surah.
Saba. • Al-Faitha is the preface of the holy Quran.
• Hud Hud informed Sulyman about the kingdom • Five verses were revealed in the first wahy.
of Yemen.
• Namaz commanded in quran for 700 times.
• Saba means Bilqees.
• Al-Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is commanded.
• Whose kingdom came under a famine in the
• Al-Mudassar-2nd Revealed Surah.
times of Ilyas: King of Ahab.
• Al-Muzammil- 3rd Revealed Surah.
• Ilyas’s nation worshipped idol namd Lal. • Al-Tauba does not start with Bismillah.
• Ilyas disappeared mysteriously. • Al-Namal contains two Bismillahs.
• Successor of Ilyas was Al-ya-sah. • Three surah starts with curse.
• Cousin of Al-ya-Say who was prophet was Ilyas. • 6666 is the number of Ayats.
• Uzair remained died for 100 years. • 29 total number of Mukata’t.
• For 18 years Ayub suffered from skin disease. • Hazrat Usman was the first Hafiz of the Holy
• Real name of Zull Kifl is Isaih and Kharqil bin Quran.
Thauri. • Hazrat Khalid Bin Saeed, the first writer of Wahy.
• Yunus died in Nineveh. • Gap between first wahy and second wahy was 6
• Father of Yahya was Zakariyya. months.
• Trustee of Hekal was Zakiriyya. • 12 Ghazawahs described in Holy Quran.
• Zakariya hid himself in the cover of the tree and
was cut into two pieces by Jews.

• Abdullah Ibn Abbas, the first commentator of the • Abdullah Ibn Abbas is called as leader of
Quran and also known as interpreter of the commentators.
Quran. • Apollo 15 placed the copy of the Holy Quran on the
• In surah Al-Saf, Hoy prophet is addressed as Ahmed. moon.
• Ghar-e-Sor is mentioned in Surah Al-Tauba. • Tarjama-ul-Quaran is written by Abdul-Kalam Azad.
• 4 Surhas start withQul. (Check it) • Theodore Bailey in 1143 translated Holy Quran in
• Hazrat Umar proposed the compilation of Holy Latin, for the first time.
Quran. • First Muslim interpreter of Quran in English is
• Al- Nasr is known as Surah Widah. Khalifa Abdul Hakeem.
• First annulled order of Holy Quran was the transfer of • Shah Waliullah Translated Holy Quran in Persian
Qibla. The word Islam occurs 6 times in the Quran. and Shah Rafiuddin in Urdu in 1776.
• Abdul Malik Marwan applied the dots in the Holy • Hafiz Lakhvi translated Holy Quran in Punjabi.
Quran. • Ross translated the Holy Quran in to English.
• Hajjaj bin yousuf applied diacritical points in Surah Alaq was revealed on 18 th Ramzan.
Quaran. (Contradictory) Number of Aayats in al-Bakar is
• 8 Siparas starts with Bismillah. 286.
• 37 total number of surah in last parah. • Longest Makki Surah is Aaraf.
• Al- Baqrah and Surah Al-Nissa is spread over 3 • Second longest Surah is Ashrah/Al-Imran.
Parahs. • Surah Kausar has 3 Aayats.
• Al-Falq and Al-Nas revealed at the same time. • First Surah compilation wise is Surah Fatiha.
• 3 Surah stats with “Ya Ayananabiyau”. • Fatiha means opening.
• City of Rome is mentioned in Holy Quran. • Fatiha contains 7 aayats.
• Surah Yaseen is known as Heart of Quran. • Fatiha is also called Ummul Kitab.
• Suran Rehman is known as beauty of Quran. • First surah revealed in Madina was surah Fatiha.
• Tafseer Ibn Kaseer was written by Hafiz Ismaeed Bin • Surah Fatiha revealed twice-in Makkah & Madina.
Umar-Imam Ud Din. • Angles mentioned in Quran are7.
First revealed surah was Al Alaq, 96 in • Meaning of Aayat is Sign.
arrangement Complete revelation in 23 years.
Subject of Holy Quran is Man. • Surah Ankaboot means spider.
• Last Surah reveled in Al-Nasr. • The major part of Quran is revealed at
• Risalat means to convey message. nighttime.
• 25 prophets mentioned in holy Quran. • Generally aayats of Sajida occur in Makki
• Holy Quran consist 105684 words and 3236700 letters. Surahs.
• Longest Ayat of Holy Quran is Ayatul Kursi. • 10 virtues are blessed for recitation of one
• 6 Surah start with the name of prophets. word of Quran.
• Surah maryam wholly revealed for a woman. • Surah Anfal means Cave.
• In Bani Israeel and Al-Najaf the event of Miraj is • In Naml two bismillah occur (2nds one is
explained. at aayat no: 30) Surah Kahf means the cave.
• Muzammil means Wrapped in garments.
• Kausar means Abundance.
rd
Last revelation descended on 3 Rabi-ul Awal and it was written Nasr means Help.
by Abi- Bin Kab. • Meaning of Hadith is to take.
(Check it) Language of • Stone mentioned in Quran is ruby (Yaakut).
Divine Books. • First Sajda occurs in 9th Para, Al-Inaam Surah.
Taurat Hebrew • Longest Surah (al-Bakr) covers 1/12th of Quran.
Injil Siriac • Madni Surahs are generally longer.
Zubur Siriac • Madni Surahs consist of1/3rd of Quran.
Holy Quran Arabic. • Makki Surahs consist of2/3rd of Quran.
Taurat was the first revealed • Surah Ikhlas is 112 Surah of Quran.
book. • First complete Madni Surah is Baqarah.
• Holy Quran was reveled in 22y 5m 14 days. • Names of Quran mentioned in Quran are 55.
• There are 7 stages in Holy Quran. • Surahs named after animals are 4 in number.
• Namal means Ant.

• Surah Inaam means Camel. After Umar’s death, copy of quran was passed on
• Surah Nahl means Honeybee. to Hafsa. Only Sahabi mentioned in Quran Zaid
• Ikhlas means Purity of faith. bin Haris.(surah ahzab) Paradise is mentioned in
• Falak means Dawn. Quran for150 times.
• Un-Nass means Mankind. • Section of Paradise in which Prophets will dwell
• Al-alq means Clot of blood. Mahmood.
• Alm Nashrah means Expansion. • Doors of Hell are 7.
• Uz-zukhruf means Ornaments. • Subterranean part of hell is Hawia.
• Surah Rahman is in 27th Para. • Number of angles of hell 19.
• Bride of Quran is Rahman Surah. • Gatekeeper of hell is known as Malik.
• Surah Yasin is in 22nd and 23rd Para. • Gatekeeper of heaven Rizwan.
• Present shape of quran is Taufeeqi. • Place of heaven at which people whose good deeds
• Quran is the greatest miracle of Prophet. equal bad deeds will be kept in Aaraf.
• Word surah has occurred in Quran 9 times. • A tree in hell emerging from its base is Zakoon.
• First seven aayats of quran are called Tawwal. • Name of the mountain of hell is Saud.
• The alphabet Alf comes most of times and Alf, Zuwad • Heaven on earth was built by Shadad.
Alphabet comes least number of times. • The word Islam has been used at 92 places in the
• Quran is written in Prose & Poetry. holy quran. First revelation written by Khalid bin
• Quran is also regarded as a manual of Science. Saeed Last wahi written by Abi Ibn Kaaf.
• Surah Alq is both Makki and Madni.
• Last wahi came on3rd Rabiul Awal 11 A.D In 15th
• Name of Muhammad is mentioned in Quran for 4
Para the event of Miraj is mentioned.
times.
• Except the name of Maryam the name of no other
• Adam is mentioned in Surah Aaraf.
woman has come explicitly in the Quran.
• First Sindhi translation of Quran by Aakhund
• Iblees will not be punished with fire but with cold.
Azizullah Halai Torat means light.
• Iblees’s refusal to prostrate before man is mentioned
• Zaboor means Pieces/ Book written in big letters.
in Kuran for 9 times.
• Injeel means Good news.
• Iblees means “disappointed one”.
• 99 aayats describe Khatam-e- Nabuwat.
• Command against Juva & amputation of hands • Al-Kausar relates to death of Qasim and Hazrat
Abdullah Jibrail came 24 000 times into the court of
came 8th A.H Laws about orphanage revealed in
the Prophet.
3 A.H.
• Quran has been translated into fifty languages to
• Laws about Zina revealed in 5 A.H.
date.
• Laws about inheritance revealed in 3 A.H.
• If a woman marries the second time, she will be in
• In 4th A.H wine was prohibited.
Jannah with the second husband. (Hadith)
• The order of Hijab for women reveled in 4 th A.H.
• Ablution made obligatory in 5th A.H. • The Earth and the Heaven were created by Allah in 6
days, it is described in Surah Yunus.
• In Surah Al-Nisa the commandment of Wuzu is
present. • Zaid bin Thabit collected the Quran in the form of
• Procedure of ablution is present in Surah Maidah. Book.
• In 4 A.H Tayammum was granted. • Tarjumanul Quran Abdullah bin Abbas.
• Interest was prohibited in 8th A.H. • In Surah Muzzamil verse 73 reading quran slowly
• The order of Hijiab reveled in 8 th Hijrah. (Check it) and clearly is ordained.
• During ghazwa Banu Mustaliq the command of • 4 Mosque mentioned in Holy Quran.
tayamum was reveled. • Jibraeel is referred in Quran as Ar-rooh.
• Quran recited in Medina firstly in the mosque • In Quran Rooh-al-Qudus is Jibrael it means Holy
Nabuzdeeq. Spirit.
• Quran verse abrogating a previous order is called • In Quran Rooh-al-Ameen is Jibrael.
Naasikh. First man to recite Quran in Makkah: • Incharge of Provisions is Mekaeel.
Abdullah bin Masood. • The angel who was sent to Prophets as a helper
against enemies of Allah was Jibraeel.
• Forms of revelation granted to Prophet were 3 (wahi,
Kashf, dream) • The Angel who sometimes carried Allah’s
punishment for His disobedients was Jibraeel.
• First method of revelation of Quran Wahi.
Kashf means Vision. • Jibrael is mentioned in Quran for three times.
Initially Quran was preserved in memory form. • Old Testament is the Torait.
• New Testament is Injeel.

• Psalms is Zuboor. • In iman-e-Mufassal essential beliefs are 7 in
• Gospal is Injeel. number.
• Prophet is called Farqaleet in Injeel. • The most exalted angels are four.
• Taharat-e-Sughra is Wuzu. • Greatest angel as per Islam is Jibra’eel.
• There are two types of Farz. • Each human being is attended permanently by two
• Saloos-ul-Quran is Surah Ikhlas. angels.
• Aroos-ul-Quran i.e bride of Quran is Al-Rehman. • Barzakh: time period between death and Day of
• Meaning of Baqarah: The Goat Judgment.
• In Surah Waqiya the word Al-Quran ul Hakeem is • Another name of surah Ali-Isra is bani Israel.
used.
• First Wahi was revealed on 17 Ramzan. NAMAZ
• Two Surahs are named with one letter heading. • 48 total numbers of Rakats are in Farz prayer.
• Surah Baqara & Ale Imran are known as Zuhraveen. • Namaz-e-Khasoof is offered for Moon Eclipse.
• Wine is termed in Quran as Khumar. • Namaz-e-Kasoof is offered for Solar Eclipse.
• Sahih Bukhari contains 7397 ahadis. • Namaz-e-Istasqa is offered for Rain.
• Holy Prophet offered Jumma Prayer in 1. A.H.
• Namaz-e-Istasqa is offered with backside of hands
upward.
• Holy prophet offered first Eid Prayer in 2. A.H.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ISLAM • Eid Namaz is Wajib.
• Madurak is the person who starts prayer with
• Istalam is kissing of Hajr Aswad. Immam.
• Islam has 2 major sects. • Musbaq is the person who comes after one rakat.
• There are 5 fundaments of Islam. • Fajar and Isha were essential in the early period of
• 2 types of faith. Islam.
• 5 Articles of faith.
• Tehlil means the recitation of Kalima.
• Deen-e-Hanif is an old name of Islam.
• First institution of Islam is Suffah.
• Haq Mahar in Islam is fixed only 400 misqal.
• Ijma means ageing upon any subject.
• Qayas means reasoning by analogy.
• There are four schools of thought of Islamic Law.
• Janatul Baki is situated in Madina.
• Masjid-e-Hanif is located in Mina.
• JANAT UL MOALA is a graveyard in MECCA.
• Qazaf: false accusation of adultery punishable with
80 lashes.
• Lyla-tul-Barrah means the Night of Forgiveness.
• Karam-un-Katibin means Illustrious writers.
• Oldest mosque on earth is Kaabatullah.
• 1st Kalima=Tayyab, 2nd =Shahadat, 3rd =Tamjeed,
4th
=Tauheed, 5th =Astaghfar, 6th =Rad-
e-Kufar Qiblah means anything in
front.
• Saabi is one who changes his religion.
• Sidrat-ul-Mantaha means last tree of the Eternity.
• Jaabi is one who collects Zakat.
• First collection of Ahadith is Sahifah-e-Saadiqa.
• Sayings of Prophet are called Wahi Ghair
Matlloo.

• Tahajud mean abandon sleep. • Al-Gharmain means debtors.
• Qaada is to sit straight in Salat. • There are two types of zakat.
• Jasla is short pause between two sajdas.
• Qaumaa is standing straight during Rukus. FASTING
• A person who performs prayer alone is Munfarid. • Fast means to stop.
Farz in wuzu=4, Sunats=14. • Fasting made obligatory in 2nd A.H.
• Farz in Ghusual=3, Sunats=5 • Fasting is commanded in al-Bakarah.
• Types of Sunnah prayer are of two types. • Feed 60 people is the atonement for breaking the
• In Fajr, Maghrib & witr no chage in farz rakaat in fast or sixty sontinuous fasts.
case of Qasr. Bal-ul-Riayn is the door for fast observing people.
• Takbeer-e-Tashreeq is recited in Eid-ul-Uzha. Tarrawih means to rest.
• Jumma prayer is Farz salat. Battle of Badr was fought in very first of Ramzan on
• Conditions of Salat are seven. 17th.
• Takbeer-e-Tehreema is to be said in the salat: one. Umar arranged the Namaz-e-Tarrawih.
• Jasla is wajib. Month of Ramzan is known as Sayeed us
• To sit straight in Salat is called Qa’ada. Shahoor.
• Qa’ada is farz. Five days are forbidden for fasting throughout the
• Two persons are required for a Jamat prayer. year.
• Salat Juma became Farz in Madina. Wajib means ordained.
• Five salat made compulsory in 10th Nabvi. 1st Ashra of Ramzan=Ashra-e-
Rehmat. 2nd Ashra=Ashra-e-
ZAKAT Maghfirat.
• Zakat means to purify. 3rd Ashra=Ashra-e-Nijat.
• Zakat was made obligatory in 2. A.H. HAJJ
• 7-1/2 is the nasab of gold and 52-1/2 tolas for • Hajj means to intend.
silver. • Hajj made compulsory in 9 A.H.
• Injunction of utilization of zakat is in Surah-al • First Hajj offered in 9 A.H.
Tauba. • Hajj ordained in Surah Bakr.
• Number of heads for distribution of zakat are 8. • The holy prophet performed only 1 Hajj in 10 th A.H.
• Zakat mentioned along with Namaz in the Quran 22 • There are 3 types of Hajj.
times. • One tawaf of Kaaba is known as Shoot.
• 5 Camels, 40 goats, 3 cows and buffaloes is nisab • Tawaf begins from Shoot.
for zakat. • Number of Jamarat is 3.
• 1/10 is the nisab of irrigated produce. • Mosque located in Mina is Kheef.
• Zakat is treasure of Islam; it is the saying of holy • At Meekat, Hujjaj assusme the state of Ihram.
prophet. • Kalima Tauheed is recited during Hajj.
• Usher means 1/10. • At Mina the ritual of offering sacrifice is performed
• Khums means 1/5. • Jamart-throwing of pebbles, it is performed on 10 th,
• Word Zakat occurs in Quran for 32 times. 11th, 12th and 13th of Zul Hajj.
• In 2nd A.H the rate and method of distribution of • Maghrib and Isha both prayers are offered together
Zakat was determined at Madina. at Muzdalifa on 9th Zil Hajj.
• Kharaj is spoils of war. • Yome-Afra is called to Hajj day.
• Fay is income from town lands. • Name of the place where the pilgrims go from
• Zakat on produce of mines is 1/5 th. Arafat: Muzdalfa.
• Ushr on artificially irrigated land is 1/20th. • First structure of Kaaba was built by Adam.

• Ibrahim & Ismail rebuilt Kaaba 4500 years ago. • During the Noah’s time Kaaba disappeared due to
• Yum-e-Nahar is called to the Day of Sacrifice. flood. The gate, which is the best for the pilgrims
• Yum e Arafat is 9th Zul Hajj. to enter in Kaba, is Bab-e-Salam.
• One khutba is recited during Hajj. • Hajr-e-Aswad means black stone.
• Al-Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is commanded. • Actual color of Hajr-e-Aswad was white.
• Holy prophet sacrificed 63 camels during hajj. • The small piece of land b/wk Rukn-e-Islam and
• Adam and Hazrat Hawa performed the first ever Rukn-e-Yamani is called Hateem.
Hajj. • The place where offering prayer is just like offering
• Running b/w Safa & Marwa seven times is called prayer inside Kaba is Hateem.
Sayee.
• There are five types of Tawaf.
• Most important step of Hajj after assuming Ahram is
• Hajjis go to Al-Multazim after completing the seven
Wuquf.
rounds.
• Waqoof-e-Arfah is the Rukn-e-Azam of Hajj
• Al-Multazim means the place of holding.
• With the performance of Rami on the 10 th Zil-Hajj,
• The portion of the wall of Kaba which is b/w its door
the most of the bindings of Hajj on the pilgrim are
and Hajr-eAswad is called al-Multazim.
released.
• Sayee is commenced from Safa and ends at
• Three upright stones are called Jamarat.
Marwa.
• After Waquf the most important step is Tawaf.
• After performing Say’ee Hujjaj go to Mina.
• In Hajj there are three obligations (Farz).
• Muzdalfa is a plain.
• Umrah can be performed at any time throughout the
• Muzdalfa is located b/w Mina & Arafat.
year except
• Muzdalfa is located six miles from Makkah.
9th to 11th Zil-Hajj.
• From Mina Muzdalfa is three miles away.
• Hujjaj stat at Mina for one day, the second day at • Muzdalfa is called Sacred Monument in Quran.
Arafat and the final day, encampment is done for a • At Muzdalfa Maghrib & Isha prayers are offered
night at Muzdalfah, it is called Wuquf. together.
• Who said that Hajj is greatest of all worships:Imam • Pebbles are collected from Muzdalfa.
Malik. • Jamarat that is nearest to Makkah is called
• How many undesirable acts of Ihraam are there: six. Jamarat-ul-Uqba.
• How many permitted acts of Ihraam are there: Four. • Smallest Jamarat is Jamarat-al-Sughra.
• Prohibitions and restructions of Ihram are 8. • Rami are held at Mina.
• The first and the foremost Farz of Hajj and Umrah is • Talbiah is stopped after Rami.
Ihram. • Afrad, Qar’ran and Tamatae are the types of Hajj.
• The first and innermost circle around Ka’ba is • Dhulhulaifah is the Meeqat for the people of
Masjid-e-Haram. Pakistan.
• The second circle around Kaba is Makkah • Dhulhulaifah is a point six mile from Madina.
Mukaramah.
• The third circle around Kaba is Haram.
• Who firsly fixed boundaries of Haram, the third
circle around Kaaba: Adam. PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH)
• The fourth cirle around Kaba is Mowaqeet.
• The place where no one can advance without • Holy Prophet was born in 571 A.D 22 nd April.
putting on Ihram is Mowaqeet.
• Father’s name, Hazat Abdullah.
• Two thousand years before the creation of Adam, • Mother’ Name, Hazrat Amna.
Kaba was constructed. • Maternal Grand Father’s name Wahib bins Abdul
Angels built Kaba firstly in the universe. Munnaf.

• Maternal Grandmother, Batarah. • Hazrat Idrees on 4th.
• Real name of Abdu Mutalib was Shaba. • Hazrat Harron on 5th.
• Grandmother name, Fatima. • Hazrat Musa on 6th.
• 10 is the number of Uncles and 6 aunts. • Hazrat Ibraheem on 7th.
• Prophet journeyed to Syria with Abu Talib at 12 • Al-Kaswa is the name of Camel on which prophet
years. traveled.
• At 25 Prophet married to Hazrat Khadija. • Prophet purchased mosque land at medina from two
• Hazrat Khadija accepted Islam first in Women and orphans.
in all. • 45 Companions were with Prophet in migration to
• Hazrat Abu Bakar accepted first in Men. madina.
Hazrat Ali accepted first in Children. • Charter of Madina was issued on 1 A.H it had 53
Varqa Bin Naufal verified Prophet for the first time. Articles.
Holy prophet had 4 daughters and 3 sons. • Transfer of Qibla was ordered in 2 nd A.H.
At age of 40 holy Prophet received first Wahy. • 27 total no of Ghazwas.
Hazrat Zubaida (RA) was the second wife of Holy • First Ghazwah of Islam was Widan, fought in 12 th
Prophet. month of First Hijrah.
In 622 A.D Holy Prophet migrated to madina. • Jang Badr occurred in 2 A.H. 313 Muslims
Hazrat Haleema was the foster mother of Holy fought in battle.
Prophet. Besides Hazrat Haleema (RA) Holy • Types of Hadith are 10.
Prophet (PBUH) said that Umme-e-Aemon is also • Imam Zuhri (RA) became the first to consolidate
my mother. Ahadith. No of Hadith Collected by Abu Huraira
Name the foster mother(s) of the Holy Prophet (SAW) (RA) 5374.
Hazrat • Prophet hazrat Noah (AS) known as Shaikh al
Halema (RA), Hazrat Sobia (RA) and Hazrat Khola Anbiya Aby Ubaiduh Bin Jiirrah was entitled
(RA) Ameen-ul Ummat.
• How many years after the birth of Holy Prophet • Hazrat Umar proposed Azan for the first time.
(SAW), Hazrat • The dome over the sacred Grave of the holy prophet
Aamina died? Six years is known as Dunbade-Khizra.
• Sheema was the foster sister of Holy Prophet. • Baitul Mamur is a place where seventy thousand
• Abduallh Bin Abu Sheema was the foster brother of angles were circumambulation during the Holy
Prophet. Ascension.
• Hazrat Haleema looked after the holy prophet for 4 • Baitul Mamoor is on 7th Heaven.
years. • 4 kings accepted Islam when holy prophet sent them
• 35 was the age at the time of Hajr-i-Aswad incident. letters.
• Hazrat Bilal Habshi was the first slave to accept • Mosque of Zarar was demolished by prophet.
Islam. • Ume Salma was present at the time of the battle of
• Wife of Abu Lahab used to spread throne in the way Khyber.
of prophet in 4th year of prophethood. • Hazrat Ali conquered the fort of Kamus.
• Home of Hazrat Arqam (RA) used as the centre of • Lady named Zainab tried to poison the Holy
secret preaching by the holy prophet. Prophet.
• In 7th Nabvi boycott of Banu Hashim began. • Prophet recited surah Al-Fatha at the conquest of
• Hazrat Adam met with Holy Prophet on the first Makkah.
heaven. • Hashim was grandfather of prophet & brother of
• Hazrat Isa and Hazrat Yahya on 2 nd. Muttalib.
• Hazrat Yaqub on 3rd.

• The name Muhamammad was proposed by Abdul • At the age of 15, Herb-e-Fajjar took place.
Muttalib while the name Ahmed was proposed by • Herb-e-Fajjar means war fought in the probihited
Bibi Aminah. months.
• Migration from Mecca to Abyssinia took place in the • First father-in-law of Prophet was Khawalid.
7th month of the 5th year of the mission i.e 615 A.d. • Aamina belonged to Bani Zohra tribe.
The total number of migrated people was 15/16. • Umar accepted Islam in 616 A.D.
• Second migration to Habshah took place in 616 A.D. • Social boycott of Banu Hashim took place in 7 th
• Second migration to Abyssinia 101 people with 18 Nabvi.
females. • Shi’b means valley.
• After Amina’s death, Ummay Aimen looked after • Social boycott continued for 3 years.
Prophet. After Harb-e-Fajjar, Prophet took part in • A group of Madina met Prophet in 11 th Nabvi.
Halaf-ul-Fazul. • Uqba is located near Makkah.
Prophet went to Syria with Abu Talib at the age of • The group of Madinites belonged to Khazraj tribe.
12 (12th Year of elephant). • Accord of Uqba took place in 13th Nabvi.
• Prophet made second business trip to Syria in 24 th • On 27th Rajab, 10 Nabvi the event of Miraj took
year of elephant. place.
• Dispute of Hajr-e-Aswad occur 35th year of elephant. • 10th Nabvi was called Aam-ul-Hazan (year of grief).
• Friend of Khadija Nafeesa carried message of Name of the camel on which Prophet was riding in
Nikah. migration was Qaswa.
• Surname of Haleema Sadia was Ummay Kabtah. • Omaar bin Hisham was the original name of Abu
• Surname of Prophet was Abu-ul-Qasim. Da’ia of Jehl.
the Prophet was Shifa who was mother of Abdul • Abu-al-Hikm is the title of Abu Jehl.
Rehman bin Auf. • When did Hazrat Hamza (RA) embrace Islam Fifth
• Abdul Mutalib died in 579 A.D. Nabavi
• Masaira a slave of Khadija accompanied Prophet to • Persons included in Bait-e-Uqba Oola 12 and in
Syria. Bait-e-Uqba Sani 75.
• Foster mothers of Prophet were Haleema, Sobia & Cave of Hira is 3 miles from Makkah.
Khola. Hijra took place in 13th Nabvi.
• First foster mother was Sobia who was mother of Second convent of Al-Aqba arrived at Makkah
Hamza. in 12th Nabvi. Medina is 448 Km from Makkah.
• For six years Haleema took care of Prophet. (250 miles) Makkah conquest occurred in 8 th
• For two years Abdul Mutalib took care of Prophet. year of Hijra.
• Prophet had two real paternal uncles i.e Zubair & Prophet performed Hajj in 10 th Hija.
Abu Talib. Prophet was buried in the hujra of Ayesha.
• Zubair died before Prophethood. Prophet was born in 1st Year of Elephant.
• After 7 days the Aqeeqa ceremony of Prophet was Ambassadors sent to Arab& other countries in 7 th
held. Prophet belonged to Banu Hashim clan of Hijra.
Quraish tribe. King of Iran tore away the message of Prophet.
• Among uncles Abbas & Hamza embraced Islam. • King of Byzantine in 7th Hijra was Hercules.
• Amina was buried at Abwa b/w Makkah & Madina. • After 6 years of the birth of Holy prophet Bibi Aamna
• Six months before the Prophet’s birth his father died. died.
• Prophet had no brother and no sister. • After 8 years of the birth of Prophet Abdul Muttalib
• Abdullah died at Madina. died.
• Prophet had six aunties. • 632 A.D Charter of Madina.
• Foster father of Prophet was Haris. • Holy Prophet demised at the age of 63.

• Hijrah year began with 14th Nabvi. • Prophet stayed at Makkah for 15 days after its
• 10th year of prophet hood is known as year of grief. conquest. 1 Lac companions accompanied
• First Azan was called out in 1. A.H. Prophet at last Hajj.
• Bahira Syrian Christian saint recognized prophet as • Prophet spent his last days in Ayesha’s house.
last prophet. • Cave of Soar is located near Makkah 5 miles.
• Harb-i-Fajjar was a war fought b/w Quraish and Bani • Quba is 3 miles away from Madina.
Hawazin Prophet was of 15 years and participated • In sixth year of Hijrah, Prophet intended for Umrah.
in it. • Aam-ul-Wufood is 9th A.H.
• Prophet visited Taif in 10th Nabvi. • Prophet stayed in Ayyub Ansari’s house for 7
• Tribe of Taif was Saqaif. months.
• Prophet with Zaid bin Haris went Taif & stayed for • Prophet performed Umrah in 7 th A.H.
10 days. • Hazrat Haleema looked after the Holy Prophet for 3
• Bibi Amna suckled Prophet for 3 days. years.
• After 18 month at Madina of change of Qibla • Zaid Bin Haris (R.A) was the adopted son of the
occurred. Old name of Zu Qiblatain is Banu Holy Prophet.
Saleem. • Kuniyaat of the Holy Prophet was Abul Qasim.
• Prophet prayed 2 years in cave Hira before first • Holy prophet made first trade journey at the age of
revelation. 9.
• The name of Ibadat done by Prophet in Hira was • Nafeesa carried Khadija’s message of marriage to
Tahanas. Prophet.
• Cave of Hira is in Jabal-e-Noor Mountain. • Year 570 known as year of Elephant or Amal Fil.
• At Masjid-e-Hanif (Madina) almost 70 prophets are • Hazrat Khadija and Hazrat Abu Talib died in 619.
buried.
• Masjid-e-Hanif (Mina) chk
• Month of migration was Rabiul Awal Qibla
changed in 2nd Hijra.
• Qiblah now a day is called Khana-e-Kaba.
Prophet addressed Khutba-e-Jum’aa for first time in
1st Hijra Azan for prayer was adopted in 1st Hijra.
• Inhabitants of Taaif accepted Islam in 9 th Hijrah.
• Year of Deputation is 9th Hijrah.
• Moawakhat (the brotherhood) took place in 2nd Hijra.
• Jehad was allowed in 2nd Hijrah.
• Ashaab-e-Sufah: Muhajirs who stayed near Masjid-
e-Nabvi.
• Hurrirah means a cat.
• Bait-e-Rizwan took place in 6th Hijrah.
• Jewish tribe of Banu Nuzair expelled from Madina in
4th H.
• Bait-e-Rizwan is also known as Bait-e-Shajra made
under Keekar tree.
• Companions of Prophet at Hudabiya were 1400.

First place from where Prophet openly started his • The Hadith, which is transmitted with continuity and
preaching Jabl Faran or Mount Safa. enjoys such abundance of narrators that their
• Prophet did covert messaging at House of Arkam statement becomes authentic, is called Matwatar.
upto 3 Nabvi. • The grave of the Prophet was prepared by Hazrat
(i.e for 3 years) Abu Talha Qasim was first of the Holy Prophet's
• Prophet preached openly in 4 th Nabvi. children to be born. The first Namaz-e-Janazah
• Prophet narrated the event of Miraj first of all to performed by Rasoolullah was that of Asad bin
Umm-e-Hani Zaraara (radi Allahu anhu).
(real sister of Ali) • The first Namaaz to be made Fardh was Tahajjud
• Prophet was staying at the house of Umme-e-Hani Namaaz, which was later made Nafil.
on the night of Miraj. • At Masjid-e-Nabvi first Muslim University was
• In miraj Prophet traveled from Baitul Muqadas to established.
Sidratul Mantaha. • Holy prophet labored in the formation of Masjid-e-
• During Hijrat Saraqa bin Sajjal spied. Quba.
• In Miraj Jibrael called Aazan in Baitul Muqadas. • Masjid-e-Zara was built by Hyporcrites at Madina.
Prophet led all the prophets in a prayer in miraj at al- • Nabvi Mosque constructed in 1 A.H Rabi-ul Awwal.
Aqsa Fatima died after 6 Months (age=31,11 • Transfer of Qibla 15th Shaban 2. A.H day was
A.H) Prophet. Monday.
• Youngest daughter Fatima. 25 Doors are in Masjid –e-Haram, the most
• Islamic official seal started on 1st Muharram, 7 A.H important door of Kaaba is Babul Salam.
Seal of Prophet was made of Silver. • Qibla change order came in Mosque Zul Qiblatain
• What was written on the Holy Prophet (SAW) seal? • The flag colour of the Holy Prophet was white and
Allah Rasool Muhammad yellow at the time of conquest of Makkah.
• Prophet performed 1(in10 A.H) Hajj and 4(in7 A.H) • Friday is known as Sayeed Ul Ayam.
umras. • Shab-e-Barat is celebrated on the 15 th night of
• Change of Qibla occurred on 15 Shaban,2 Shuban.
A.H(Monday)(during • 26th night of Rajab is the night of Accession.
Zuhr) • In 256 Imam Bukhari died.
• Construction of Masjid-e-Nabvi started Rabiulawal, 1 • 6 Lac Ahadith collected by Imam Bukhari.
A.H. • The camel driver of Prophet at the fall of Mecca was
• Namaz-e-Juma became Farz in Medina. Usama bin Zaid bin Haris.
• First man to embrace Islam on the eve of Fatah-e- • Prophet issued order of killing Abdul Uza bin Khatal
Makka was Abu Sufyan. at the fall of Mecca.
• Second woman to embrace Islam Lababa bint Haris • At Koh-e-Safa, Prophet addressed after conquest of
(chk Ummay Makkah.
Aiman) (chk Nafeesa)
• First to migrate to Madina (first muhajir) Abu Salam.
• Last to migrate to Madina was Abbas. First non-
arab to embrace Islam Farwah bin Umro
Facsimile of the Prophet Mus’ab bin Umair.
UMMUL MOMINEEN
• Kalsoom bin al_Hadam gave land for Quba mosque
The title of ammenul ummat is of Abu Ubaidah bin
• Umat-ul-Momineen is called to Wives of Holy
Jarrah.
prophet.
(Conqurer of Damascus)
• Zainab bint Khazeema is known as Ummal
• Prophet offered congregational prayer in Kaaba in Masakeen.
6th Nabvi. • Hazat Umme-e-Salma the wife of holy prophet died
• The day when Prophet delivered his last Khutab was in last.
Juma.
• Abu Bakar gave the collection of Quran to Hazrat
• Idols in Kaba before Islam numbered 360. Hafsa.
• The largest idol named Habal. • Khadija died on the tenth of Ramadan 10 Nabvi.
• Prophet preached Islam openly in 4th Nabvi. • Khadija was buried in Hujun above Makka
• Year of deputation was 9th. • In the Cottage of Hazrat Ayesha, prophet spent his
• Bilal called first aazan of Fajr prayer. last days.
• Khadija died at 65 years age.
• Last wife of Prophet Um Maimoona. (Check it: • Third son-in-law of Prophet was Abul A’as.
Javeria) Khadija belonged to the tribe of Banu
Asad. First woman to lead an Islamic army Ayesha
(Jange Jamal) Ayesha narrated maximum number
of ahadith.
• The second wife named Sauda.
• Zainub bint Jaish (Surah Ahzab) was married to the BATTLES OF ISLAM
Prophet though Allah’s revelation or will.
• Daughter of Umer who married to Prophet was • First Ghazwa is Widdan or Abwa in 1 A.H 624
Hafsa. Battle of Badr.
• Ummmul momineen died last was Umaay Salma. • 625 Battle of Uhad.
Hazrat Khadija was the first person to read Namaz • 626 Battle of Rajih.
amongst the Ummah of the Prophet. • 627 Battle of Khandaq (Ahzab).
• Umm-e-Salma was alive at Karbala tragedy. She • 628, Treaty of Hudaibiya, Hazrat Khalid bin Walid
was the last of the wives of Prophet to die. Accepted Islam, Conquest of Khyber.
• Ummul Momineen Ummay Habiba was daughter of • 629, Battle of Mutah, Preaching of Islam to various
Abu Sufyan. kings.
• 630, Battle of Hunain, Conquest of Makkah.
• Ummul Momineen Ummay Habiba migrated to
• 631, Battle of Tabuk.
Abyssinia and Madina as well.
• 632, Hajjat-ul-Wida.
• Ummul Momineen Hazrat Safia was the progeny
• 680, Tragedy of Karballah.
of Hazrat Haroon.
• Badr is a village.
• After the victory of Khyber, Prophet married Hazrat
• Battle of Bard was fought on 17 th Ramzan. Battle
Safia.
of Uhd was fought on 5th Shawal.
• Hazrat Maria Qibtiya gave birth to Hazrat Ibrahim,
• Battle Badar Ghazwa is named as Furqan.
son of Prophet.
• Uhud is a hill.
• Hazrat Khadija was buried at Jannat-e-Moalla in • Yom-ul Furaqn is called to Yom ul Badar.
Macca.
• Fath Mobeen is called to Sulah Hudaibiah.
• Najashi was the king through which Prophet married
• Number of soldiers in Badar, Muslim 313 Kufar
to Ummay Habiba.
1000 After Badr conquest, Prophet stayed for 3
• The Umm-ul-Momineen Javeria’s actual name
days there.
was Barrah. Hazrat Khadija received salutation • Badr was faught for 3 times.
from Allah. • Martyr of Badr Muslims 14 Kufar 70
Third wife of Prophet was Hazrat Ayesha.
• Leader of the Kufar in this battle was Abu Jahl.
• Sauda said about Ayesha “My soul might be in her Number of Muslim martyrs in the battle of Uhad 70
body” Hazrat Khadija was the only Ummul In Uhad quraish were laid by Abu Sufwan.
Momineen who was not buried in Jannatul Baqi. • In Uhad number of Muslim soldiers 1000 kufar
• Prophet not offerd funeral prayer of Khadija due to 3000.
Allah’s will. • Ahzab means Allies.
• Ayesha is called Al-Tayyabeen. • Ditch dug on border of Syria with help of 3000
• The eldest daughter of Prophet was Zainab. companions in 2 weeks.
• Granddaughter of Prophet was Ummamah. • Muslim strength 1600.
• Hazrat Ruqia died on the day of the victory of battle Khyber was captured in 20 days.
of Badr she was the wife of Usman. During Ghazwa Bani Nuzair wine was prohibited.
• After Ruqia’s death Ummay Kalsoom married • The battle of Khandaq is also known an battle of
Usman. Ahzab.
• Qasim was born in 11 years before Prophethood. • Conquest of Makkah was took place on 20
• Hassan is known as Shabbar, which means Ramzan.
handsome. • Battle in which prophet not participated is known as
• For 14 months Hasan remained Khalifa. Saria.
• Hasan is buried at Jannat-ul-Baq’ee. • Hazrat Hamza was the first commander of Islamic
• Total number of sons of Prophet was 3. Army.
• Eldest son of the Prophet Qasim. • Martyr of Badar were 14.
• 70 Martyred in Uhad. • Hazrat Khalid bin Walid accepted Islam in 8 th
• In Uhd battle Muslim women participated firstly. A.H.
• Battle of Mauta was the first non Arab War. • Hazrat Ali established Bait-ul-Maal.
• 3000 was the number of musims at the battle of • During the caliphate of Umar (RA) Iran was
Ditch. conquered.
• 10,000 at the conquest of Makkah. • Abu Hurairah has reported largest number of
• 30,000 at the time of Tabuk. Ahadith.
• Last Ghazwa- Tabuk. • Masjid Al Aqsa is the first Mosque ever built on the
• For 20 days Prophet stayed at Tabuk. earth.
• Total number of Sarias is 53 or 56. • Sindh was conquered during the reign of Walid 1.
• Porphet was the commander in the expedition of • Kharajit is the earliest sect of Islam.
Tabuk. • Battle of Yermuk was fought in 634 A.D.:
• First Islamic Non Arab was battle of Mautta 8. A.H. • Khyber conquest made in 7th Hijra (628 A.D)
• Hazrat Hamza was the first commander of Islamic • The Ghazwa in which the Holy Prophet Pbuh
Army. missed four prayers was Ghazwa Khandaq.
• The person killed by the Holy Prophet was Ubay • First woman martyr Samiya by Abu Jahl.
Bin Kalf. • First man martyr Haris bin Abi Hala.
• In Battle of Uhad, the teeth of Holy Prophet were • Jihad means to strive hard.
martyred. Khalid bin Walid was titled Saif-ul-Allah • Jihad made obligatory in 2nd A.H.
in battle Moata. Abu Jahal was killed in Battle of • The battle was forbidden in Arabs in the month of
Badr by Maaz (add) In Hudabiya Sohail bin Amru Muharam.
represented Quraysh. • Ghazwa Badr is named as Furqan.
• Battle of Hunain fought b/w Muslims and Hawazin • Ohad is located near Madina.
Tribe. • Ohad is 3 miles from Madina.
• Batttle of Tabuk was against the Roman Emperor • Abdullah bin Ubai accompanied with 300 men.
Heraclius. The first Shaheed (Martyr) was • 50 archers were posted to protect the pass in Ohad
Mountain.
Amaar bin Yaasir
• Ummay Hakeem was granddaughter of Abu Jehl.
• First female martyr: Summaya (mother of Amaar
bin Yaasir) • Banu Nuzair tribe settled in Khyber after expelled
from Madina.
• The first person to be martyred in the Battle of Badr
was the freed slave of Hazrat Umar: Muhaj’jah • Prophet dug a trench along the border of Syria.
• 3000 men dug the ditch.
• Khalid bin Walid was removed from the service in
• In battle of Ahzab a piercing blast of cold wind blew.
the reign of Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA). He was
• Khyber is located near Madina at 200 km distance.
removed in 17 A.H.
• The centre of Jewish population in Arabia was
• Battle of chains was fought b/w Persians and the Khyber.
Muslims.
• Against Khyber Muslim army was 1600 men strong.
• Umar bin Abdual Aziz is considered as the 5 th
• Khyber was captured in 20 days.
Khalifa.
• Khyber is located near the border of Syria.
• Abdul Malik was the poet ruler of Ummaya. • Moata was situated in Syria.
Karballa took place on 10th Muharram 61 A.H/ 680 • Army of 3000 men was sent to Moata under Zaid
A.D Salahuddin Ayubi was of Abbasid dynasty. bin Haris.
• Halaku Khan came to power after Abbasids. • After the death of Zaid bin Haris Hazrat Jaafiar was
• Al Qanun was written by Ibn-i-Sina. made the army leader at Moata.
• Ibn Khuldun is called founder of sociology. • Under Khalid’s leadership, battle of Moata was won.
• Tahafut-al-Falasifah was written by Al-Khazali. • Battle of Moata took place in 8 Hijra.
• Halaku Khan sacked Baghdad in 1258 A.D. • Tribe of Khuza joined Muslims after Treaty of
• Al Shifa a book on philosophy was written by Ibn Hudaibia.
Sina. • Battle of Hunain fought in 8 Hijra.
• Prophet stayed at Makkah for 53 years & in Medina • Muslim army for Hunain was 14 thousand.
10 years Mubha: an act, which brings neither • Siege of Taif was laid in 9 A.H.
blessings nor punishment. Naval Commander of • Tabook expedition took place in 9 A.H.
Islam, Abu Qays under Hazrat Usman Battle of • In 9 A.H there was famine in Hijaz.
Camel was fought b/w Ali and Hazrat Aysha. • In 9 A.H there was scarcity of water in Madina.

• In Quran Tabook expedition is called expedition of Abu Bakar 632-634
straitness.
Hazrat Umar 634-644
• Conquest of Makkah is called Aam-ul-Fatah.
• Ghazwa-e-Tabook was fought in 9 A.H. Hazrat Usman 644-656
• Hazrat Abbas was made prisoner of war in Badr. Hazrat Ali 656-661
• Abu Jehl was killed by Ma-ooz and Ma-aaz. 2y 3m
Abu Bakar
• The leader of teer-andaz at Jabale-e-Yahnene in
the battle of Ohad was Abdullah bin Jabeer. Hazrat Umar 10y 5m
• Comander of infidels in Ohad was Abu Sufyan. 21d.
• Battle of Tabook came to an end without any result. Hazrat Usman 12y.
• 2 weeks were spent to dig the ditch. Hazrat Ali 4y 9m.
• In a battle of Trench Hazrat Safia killed a Jew. • Hazrat Abu Bakar was the merchant of cloth.
• Qamoos temple was conquered by Ali during • Real name of Hazrat Abu Bakar was Abdullah.
Khyber war. • Apostasy movement took place in the khilafat of
• For battle of Tabook, Abu Bakr donated all his Abu Bakar.
belongings. • Hazrat Abu Bakar died in 22nd of Jamadi-us-Sani 13
• In the battle of Ditch, the wrestler named Umaro bin AH.
Abad-eWad was killed by Ali. • Hazrat Umar embraced Islam at the age of 33 or
• In Hunain Muslims were in majority than to their 27.
enemy: • Abu Lulu Feroz, the slave martyred Hazrat Umar
• Hazrat Jaafar was martyred in Moata war. Farooq.
• In Tabook ghazwa Muslims returned without a fight. • Hazrat Umar Farooq was martyred on 1st Muharram
• Gazwa Widdan was fought in the month of Zil-Hajj 1 24 A.H.
A.H. • Hazrat Umar introduced Hijra Calender.
• In Hunain battle Prophet was left alone. • Hazat Usman is known as Zul Noorain because he
• The participants of Battle of Badar were bestowed wedded with two daughters of Prophet:
with highest reward by Allah. Rukya+Umme Qulsoom.
• In Badr martyrs were Muhajirs=6 & Ansars=8. • Usman accepted Islam at the instigation of Abu
• In the battle of Taaif, catapult was used first time by Bakar.
Muslims. • Asadullah & Haider-e-Karar were the epithets of
• Against the Syrian tribe the battle of Al-Ghaba was Hazrat Ali.
waged. • Ali married Fatima in 2nd Hijra.
• First Sariya Ubaidah bin Haris was fought at • Hazrat Ali was born at Khane-e-Kaaba.
Rabakh in 1 A.H. • Hazrat Ali was martyred on 21st Ramzan 40 A.H.
• Last Sariya Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqqas was • In Ghawa Uhad Hazrat Ali was awarded with
fought at Syria in 11 A.H. Zulifqar.
• Hazrat Umer accepted Islam in 616 A.D.
• Hazrat Umar established the office of Qazi.
• Hazrat Umar added As Salato Khairum Min Noum.
COMPANIONS OF HOLY PROPHET • Hazrat Umar embraced the Islam at the age of 34.
(PBUH) • Usman migrated to Habsha
• Hazat Usman participated in all battles except Badr.
• Hazrat Asad died first among the Sahabah. • In the reign of Usama, Muwaviah established naval
• Hamza & Hussain are known as leader of Martyrs. fleet.
• Hazrat Usman Bin Talha was the Key holder of • Only sahabi without seeing Prophet Awais Karni.
Kaaba. • Umar levied zakat on horses.
• Hazrat Saad bin Ubi waqas conquered Persia • Ali lifted zakat on horses.
firstly. • Abu Bakr had knowledge of dreams.
• Qabeela bin Qais is known as cupbearer of Zam • Usman added 2nd Azan for Friday prayers.
Zam. • Atique is the title of Hazrat Abu Bakr.
• Abbas was instrumental in bringing abu Sufiyan in • Hazrat Umar established Department of Police.
Islam. • Hazrat Umar formed a parliament, namely Majlis-e-
• Periods of Caliphs Aam.
• Ghani was the title of Hazrat Usman (RA).
• Hazrat Ali has the title the gateway to knowledge.

Hazrat Ali remained Caliph for 4 years and 9 • Umm-us-Saheehain is Imam Malik: Mauta. Mohd:
months. bin Ismael Bukhari comprised of 4,000 hadiths
• Hazrat Ali is buried at Najaf. Bukhari Sharif & Muslim Sharif are called Sahihain.
• Ameer Mavia established the postal system. • Imam Tirmazy was a student of Abu Dawood.
• Amer bin Aas embraced Islam in 7 th Hijra. • Imam Nisai=Ahmed bin Shoaib.
• Khalild bin Waleed embraced Islam in 7 th Hijra. • Kitab-ul-Kharaj was written by Imam Abu Yousuf.
• First Moazin of Islam, Hazrat Bilal. • Mahmood Ghaznavi called kidnapper of scholars.
• The home of Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansaari was the first • Dara Shakoh was a mystic.
place where the Prophet stayed in Madina Shareef. • Mulla Nizam-ud-Din founded the school of Dars-e-
• The first person sent to spread Islam under the Nizamia.
instructions of the Prophet was Mus'ab bin Umair • Rabia Basry was born in 95 A.H.
who was sent to Madinah. The first person to • Baqee Billah revolted against Akbar’s deen-e-Ilahi
make Ijtihaad was Abu Bakr Siddique Hazrat Abu firstly.
Zirr Ghaffari is known as the first Dervish. • Shaikh Ahmed Sirhandi was given the title of
• Abdullah ibn Maz’oom: first person buried in Mujadid alf Sani by Mulla Abdul Hakeem.
Jannatul Baqi. Hazrat Umar was the first person • Baba Fareed Ganj Shakr married to the daughter of
to perform Janazah Salaah in Jamaat with four Balban.
Takbeers. • Toosi built Margha astronomical observatory.
• First census of Islamic world in Umer’s period. • Mamoon of west is al-Zahrawi.
• The first person to become murtad (out of the folds • Shah Waliullah wrote Mawahb-ur-Rehman.
of Islam) was either Muqees bin Khubaaba or
Ubaidullah bin Jahash.
• Salah-udin Ayubi conquered Bait ul Muqadas.
• Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani is buried at Baghdad.
• Shah Jahan Mosque is at Thatta.
• Indonesia is the biggest Islamic Country Population
wise.
• Maldives is the smallest Islamic country area wise.
• Hazrat Data Ganj Bux is buried in Lahore.
• Abyssinia is an old name of Ethiopia.
• Mesopotamia is the old name of Iraq.
• Constantinople is and old name of Istanbul.
• Persia is an old name of Iran.
• Albania is Europe’s only Islamic country.
• Sinai Peninsula is only land bridge between Asia
and Africa.
• Egypt connects Africa with Europe continent.
• Al Azhar University is in Cairo.
• Shah Faisal Mosque is in Islamabad.
• Jibraeel will be first person questioned on Day of
Qiyamah.
• From amongst the animals, the first animal to be
brought back to life will be the Buraaq of Prophet
Muhammad.
• The first meal in Jannah will be fish liver.
• The first Ibaadat on earth was Tauba (repentance).
• The first Mujaddid of Islam is Hazrat Umar bin Abdul
Aziz. First book of Hadith compiled was Muata by
Imam Malik. Mosque of Prophet was damaged
due to fire in the reign of Motasim Billah.
• Jamia mosque of Damascus was built by Walid bin
Malik.
• Badshahi mosque Lahore was built by Shah Jahan.
• Faisal mosque was opened for public in 1987.

FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY • Most active muscle of human body is eye muscle
• Digestion of food takes 3 to 4 hours in stomach
Normal temperature of body is 98.4 deg: F = 37 • Capacity of stomach is one and a half kilo of food
deg: C • Clavicle is the collar bone
• Corrine is used as paralyzing agent • Scapula is the shoulder bone
• A nerve cell is called neuron. Each neuron has • Sternum is the chest bone
several inputs called dendrites and a single output • There are 24 ribs
called axon • Spinal cord has 33 disks
• Weakest bone is clavicle bone • Bones in hand are 27
• Hardest bone is collar bone • Ulna is the bone of forearm
• The part of small intestine that joins large intestine is • Radius is the second bone of forearm
colon Carpal are 8 small bones of wrist
• Hardest part of body is tooth • Tarsal is the ankle bone
• Most abundant element in human body is carbon • Femur and patella (knee cap), tibia and fibula are
(chk Oxygen or calcium) bones of lower limbs
• Systole is heart contraction • Femur is the longest bone
• Diastole is heart relaxation • Head or skull has 29 bones
• Dendrites are connected with neurons • Total bones are 206
• Epidermis = outer skin is called the True skin, it is • Total muscles are 600 (chk 650)
free from blood vessels and its cells are nourished by • 60 thousand miles of capillaries of blood
lymph Tendons hold muscles to the bones. • Chemically finger nails are made of protein
• The largest part of the human brain is the Cerebrum • Nails are made of a tough material called keratin
• Blood fails to clot in the absence of Calcium • Average body has 2 square yards of skin
• the two most abundant elements by mass found in • Weight of skin is 6 pounds
Earth's crust are Oxygen and Silicon • Smallest bone is stirrup in the ear about 1/10 th of an
• Eardrum helps in keeping balance of the body inch
• In general, the probability of flooding decreases • A newborn baby has 300 bones
when there is an increase in the amount of infiltration • In 22 weeks baby is formed completely
• Where is the 'Atlas' bone in the human body located? • Ovum is a female germ cell
Neck • The sensation of skin is perceived by epidermis
• What does intelligent people have more in their hair? • Number of systems in body are of 7 types
zinc and copper • Man breathes 20,000 times in a day
• Which base differentiates DNA and RNA? Uracil • Root of hair is called follicle
• Eye is filled with liquids: two • More than 2/3rd of body weight is made of
fluids/water
• What is the name of bones of human finger?
Phalanges • Messages sent in brain at 240 miles/hour
• Pons varolii is found in brain • Weight of eyes is 1 ½ ounces each
• Human brain contains 4/5th of water • There are 100,000 hairs
• % of water in body is 70% • Muscle of jaw exerts 219 kg weight
• Carbon in human body is 18% • Circadian rhythm is a medical term of heart beat
• Heart is conical in shape • Atmosphere exerts a pressure of 15 pounds per
square inch on human body
• Weight of heart is 9 ounces with 4 cavities
• Weight of kidney is 41/2 ounces • Iris of eye regulates the quantity of light admitted into
• Weight of brain is 1.4 kg and it consists of 14 billion the eye ball
nerve cells • Outer layer of eyeball is called sclerotic
• Right kidney is shorter and little lower than left • The front portion of sclerotic is called cornea
• Kidneys are supplied blood though renal arteries • In eye a convex lens is placed
• Liver receives blood from the alimentary canal • Cornea is the only part of body without blood supply
through Heptic • In front of eye is Cornea, which bends light as it
Portal vein passes into the eyeball. It is covered by a thing
• Coronary artery supplies blood to heart membrane called Conjunctiva.
• Each kidney contains about one million nephrons • Image made on ratina is upside down, but our brain
• Eye ball is moved by six muscles turns it right.

• Behind the Cornea is a sheet of muscles called the • A reflex action is controlled by the nerves of the
Iris with the small hole in the middle called the pupil. spinal cord without involving brain.
• Iris manages the amount of light entry into eye. In • Skeleton word comes from a Greek word meaning
dark it relaxes to let pupil enter light as much as dried up
possible and in bright light it contracts. • Most abundant mineral in human body is calcium
• The muscles attached to the lens are ciliary muscles. • Strongest muscle is Thigh muscle (chk Heart muscle
These muscles can contract the lens thin to see and cheek muscle)
distant objects and for close objects these muscles • Iris in the eye contracts on the entry of light.
relax. • Retina acts as a lens in the entry of light. Weight of
• Retina contains cone shaped cells that can detect heart is 300 gram.
colors. • Water in human body is 85%
• Retina contains rod shaped cells that can see dim • A human being drinks 27 tons of water in a year
light. • Peritoneum is a membrane
• In the centre of retina is a small yellow area called • Unused fat in body is converted into animal fat and
the fovea where each cell has its own connection to stored in different parts of body
the brain. • Substances which bring down body temperature are
• Skeleton word comes from a Greek word meaning Antipyretics
dried up. • Antibodies are proteins
• The defect of vision because of which a person • Most easily breakable bone of body is Collar bone
cannot see distant objects clearly: Myopia or Short • There is 21/2 pounds of calcium in human body
sightedness
• A human body has 236 joints
• Where on your body are the most sweat glands-Feet • Dental enamel is the hardest thing present in human
• Your eyeballs are 3.5% what-Salt body
• The human bodies got 45 miles of them – what- • A man breathes 18 times in a minute
Nerves • A 9 inch nail can be made from the iron available in a
Where is your zygomatic bone-Cheek body
• Pancreas lies partly on the left side and partly on the • Average weight of man’s brain is 4.8 ounces and
right side of the body. femal’s 4.4 ounces
• Development of calf muscles in ladies who wear high • About 900 pencils can be made from the carbon
heels is a common example of: Use and disuse of preserved in human body
organ Cerumen is the technical name for what • Skin does not excrete oil.
body part-Earwax Skin does not excrete oil. • New varieties of organisms can be brought about by
• Male child is born if xy chromosomes are united. hybridization.
• Liver receives blood from the alimentary canal • Male child is born if xy chromosomes are united.
through hepatic portal vein. Total teeth = 32, eight flat incisors at the front, fount
• For short-sightedness (man cannot see distant pointed canine and 20 flat-topped pre-molars and
objects) a concave lens is used molars at the back of the mouth.
• For long-sightedness (man cannot see near objects) • Tooth is covered by tough white enamel.
a convex lens is used • Enamel is the hardest substance in the body and
• Concave mirrors are used as shaving mirrors, resists almost everything except the acid produced
doctors use concave mirrors for the examination of by certain bacteria Liver is the body’s chemical
ear, nose or eyes of a patient factory.
• Concave mirrors are used to focus light in case of • Liver is the largest organ in the body.
searchlights and headlights of automobiles. • Liver carries out more than 500 different tasks.
• Cerebellum co-ordinates movements, conscious • Liver recycles old red blood cells.
control and balance, allowing you to move smoothly. • Liver takes up and stores glucose from blood.
• The largest and most complicated part of brain is • Liver also absorbs and stores fat and some vitamins.
cerebrum. It controls conscious actions, speech and • Liver uses vitamin B12 for making new red blood
all your senses. It also does all your thinking and is cells.
the centre of memory and learning. It has two halves • Nearly two third of our body is water.
linked by bundles of nerve fibres. Its right side does • We loose about a liter and a half of water each day in
artistic, creative tasks while the left is responsible for sweating, breathing and urination.
understanding, reading and thinking • Each kidney is made up of millions of tiny filtering
units called Nephrons.

• The nephrons can filter about 4 liters of blood every
5 minutes.
• Each day about 200 liters of water leaves the blood
and passes into the filters most of it is then reclaimed
and return to the blood.
• Only about a liter of water per day stays in the
nephrons to leave the kidney and flow into the
bladder as urine.
• Urea is poisonous so the kidneys remove all of it
from the blood.
• The liquid, which leaves the kidney, as urine is about
96% water and just 4% salts and urea.
• The urinary bladder can hold about half a liter of
urine before we must empty it.
• Amniotic sac is a protective bag of fluid in which the
baby floats.
• A baby is attached to the side of the womb by
placenta.
• Homo erectus means upright man
• Homo sapiens mean wise man
• Cells in intestine are easily worn away and live for
only a few days.
• Bone cells can last for 30 years.
• The left ventricle pumps blood all round the body.
• Capillaries are so small that they can fit between
cells.
• A living bone has layers of hard calcium phosphate
on the outside and a heycomb of hard bone of living
cells inside
• Bone marrow supply blood cells over 2 millin every
second
• In the inner chamber of ear called cochlea, the
vibrations send waves of movement through a fluid.
• The cochlea is liked with thousands of sensitive
hairs.
• Thumping of heart or break out of sweat are caused
by adrenaline.
• From the age of about 5 years a child’s body grows
steadily
• Protein is a natural polymer
• Muscles along the digestive system contract in a
sequence called peristalsis to squeeze food along
• Nutrients of food are absorbed in blood in a long
section of intestine called ileum. If uncoiled, ileum is
5-6 meters long
• Eye contains only three types of color-sensitive cells.
These cells (called cones) are on retina. The cones
respond to red, green and blue light. Brain makes out
other colors by combining the signals from these
cells.
• Ophthalmology deals with Eyes

ORBIS is mobile eye hospital • One in 12 man is colorblind.
Synovial fluid is the “joint oil” between bones • Brain of a normal human adult weighs about 3lb
The smallest bone in human body is stapes or • For an adult blood pressure of 120/80 is regarded
stirrup bone. It is one of the three auditory ossicles as ideal and pressure of up to 140/90 is normal.
in the middle ear. Its length is 0.10 to 0.13 inch. • Iris in the eye contracts on the entry of light.
• Your tongue is the only muscle in your body that is • Retina acts as a lens in the entry of light.
attached at only one end • In your body where is the macula- Eye centre of the
• You use 14 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. Retina Weight of heart is 300 gram.
• A living bone has layers of hard calcium, phosphate • Heart pumps five liters of blood in 1 minute.
on the outside and a honeycomb of hard bone are • Colon is mainly responsible for water absorption
living cells within. from the undigested residue.
• Every second, hundreds of tiny pulses of electricity • Right kidney in man is slightly lower in position than
shoot through your body along living wires called the left kidney
nerves. The movement of food through esophagus is by the
• There is a place in the retina where the light muscular
sensitive cells are interrupted by the presence of the action known as: peristaltic
optic nerve head. It is known as The Retinal Neural In the human body what is replaced every three
Transmission Layer. months
• The cavity of Ascaris is known as Coelom. Eyelashes
• The membranous labyrinth of the ear is filled with Our eyes are always the same size from birth, but
Endolymph. our nose and ears never stop growing
• Crura-cerebri is found in Mid-brain. • The thickness of your skin varies from 1/2 to 6
• The strongest muscle of the body is the masseter millimeters, depending on the area of your body
muscle, which is located in the jaw. (Check) • The temperature of the dead human body on
• Muscles account for 40 percent of one's body Celsius scale is
weight. 25 c normal room temperature
• There are 230 joints in the body. • Where in your body is the labyrinth- Ear
• Kids have 20 first teeth. Adults have 32 teeth. • What does a hypodermic literally mean-Under skin
• The small intestines are about 25 feet long. • In the body where would you find your villus
• The large intestines are five feet long and are three Small Intestine
times wider than the small intestines.
• Where is the dirtiest skin on your body- The face
• Most people shed 40 pounds of skin in a lifetime. The number of the spinal nerves in the man Is 31
• Your body is 70 percent water. pairs.
• Normal body temperature is 98.6° Fahrenheit. • Part of the human body can expand 20 times its
• When you sneeze, air rushes through your nose at normal size:
a rate of 100 mph. Stomach 0.5 litres to 5 litres
• An eyelash lives about 150 days before it falls out. • In the human body where is your occiput: Back of
• Your brain sends messages at the rate of 240 mph. head Central nervous system controls the reflex
• About 400 gallons of blood flow through your
action in the body. The terminal part of vertebral
kidneys in one day.
column in man is called Coceyx The "Urinary
• You blink your eyes about 20,000 times a day.
system" of the body consists of 3 organs.
• Your heart beats about 100,000 times a day.
• Haryersion canals are present in Bone.
• Humans breathe 20 times per minute, more than 10
• The heart bear is initiated and regulated by nodal
million times per year and about 700 million times in
tissue made of specialized cardiac muscles called
a lifetime.
Purkinje tusse.
• You have about 100,000 hairs on your head.
• The gestation period of human being is Nine
• There are 10 million nerve cells in your brain.
months.
• Each of your eyes has 120 million rods, which help
• The first heart sound is produced when Diastole
you see in black and white.
begins.
• Each eye has six million cones, which help you see • Where would you find Lunate Triquetral and
in color. Hamate-Bones in

Wrist • Sternum is called chest bone.
• Which part of the human body contains the most • Patella acts like a kneecap and protects the knee
gold: Toenails joint.
• In the body luteinizing hormone is produced by what • Tibia is the main large bone of the lower leg also
gland known as calfbone.
Pituitary • Fibula is the smaller part of lower leg.
• Due to buffer system, human blood has a ph of 7.4. • Femur bears the weight of the body. It is in upper
• The normal temperature of human body is 98.6 F. leg.
• Chemical elements most % human body O 65% C • Muscles are composed of threadlike protein
18% and structure called myofibril.
Hydrogen 10% • The cardiac muscle continues to contract
• Cell membrane is made up of protein and lipid rhythmically even when it is disconnected from the
molecules forming a semi permeable membrane. nervous system.
• Carbohydrates in the cell are in from of glycogen. • Trapizius muscle is responsible for movement of
• An epithelium is a collection of cells. shoulder.
• Exoskeleton lies external to the muscles. • Sternocleidomastoid muscle is the longest muscle
• Exoskeleton is commonly found in anthropoids and of the body. It bends head and neck.
mollusk. • Brachialis anticus muscle is responsible for bending
• Exoskeleton is composed of dead substances forearm to the upper arm.
secreted by the cells. • Heart is enclosed in a tough membrane called
• Endoskeleton lies internal to muscles of the body. It Pericardium.
is found in all vertebrates. It is formed of bones and • There are four chambers of heart.
cartilages. • Heart is surrounded by a fluid called as pericardial
• Endoskeleton is composed of living cells. fluid.
• Ear has 6 bones- Malleus bone (2), Incus bone (2) • The weight of the heart in females is 25% lesser
& stapes (2). than in males.
• Human skull has 22 bones. • Excitability and contractility of the heart id due to the
• There are 26 vertebrae in the human body. presence of myofibrils of actin and myosin.
• Total number of ribs are 24- True Ribs (14), False • Purkinjee fibres are tissues of heart.
Ribs (6) and floating ribs (4) • S.A Node and A.V Node are special conducting
• Sternum is that bone where the ribs meet medially. tissues of the heart.
• Collarbone are 2, Shoulder bone are 2. • S.A. Node was discovered by Keith and Flack in
• Carpal bones are those bones, which form the wrist 1907.
numbering • A.V Node functions as Pacemaker.
8. • Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from
Small forearm bone is radius and main forearm bone body collected by Superior Vena Cava from head
is Ulna. and upper parts while from the lower parts by
Humerus is upper arm bone. inferior vena cava.
• Metacarpal bones are found in hand numbering 5. • Right atrium opens into right ventricle through right
• Phalanges are small bones present in fingers also atrioventricular aperture guarded by bicuspid valve
called digits. allowing one-way flow of blood.
These are 14 in number. • When right ventricle contracts, the blood is pushed
• Each leg is composed of 29 bones. by the way of pulmonary arteries to the lungs for
• Tarsal bone is also known as the anklebone. These oxygenation.
are seven in number. • The left atrium is that chamber which receives the
• Phalanges are toe bones numbering 14. oxygenated blood from lungs by pulmonary veins.
• Vertebrae are 33 in number. Vertebral column • Left atrium opens into left ventricle from there blood
covers spinal cord and protects it from injury. is pumped into aorta, which distributes blood to
• Clavicle bones are also known as collarbones. body.
These are two bones. • Cardiac cycle consists of three events- Auricular
• Scapula is called shoulder bones. Systole, Ventricular Systole and Diastole.

• Each cardiac cycle takes 0.8 seconds. Aorta is the HUMAN BLOOD
largest vessel of the body.
• The biggest artery is aorta with a diameter of one • Universal donor group is O group
inch. • Total volume of blood in human body is 5.5 liters
Arteries carry blood away from the heart except (chk 6 liters) Life span of red blood cells is 120
pulmonary arteries. days Life of RBC is 115 days.
Arteries carry oxygenated blood except pulmonary • The total quantity of blood in a human body is 7-8
arteries. liter.
• The smallest artery is called arteriole. • 80 % water is found in pure blood The pH of
• The walls of veins are much thinner that the
normal human body is Arteries 7.4 60% of blood
arteries.
plasma consists of protein.
• Coronary arteries supply blood to heart.
• Which one of the following substances is obtained
• Carotid arteries supply blood to head.
by the fractionation of human blood? Gamma
• Subclavian arteries supply blood to shoulder and globulin
forelimbs.
• In the human circulatory system blood returns to
• Coelic artery supplies blood to digestive system.
the heart from the lungs through Pulmonary Veins.
• Renal artery supplies blood to kidneys.
• Iliac artery supplies blood to legs. • First blood transfusion carried out in London
• The most important function of perspiration is to • PH value of water is 7, blood is 7.4 and urine is 5.5-
regulate the body temperature. 6.5
• When iron is less in body the quantity of RBC
• The number of chromosomes in the human body is
46. decreases Leococytosis is the increase in
• First tissue culture was grown in space on Dec: 17, number of white blood cells.
• it takes 30 seconds to blood for a complete
1997. The tiny air sacs in the lung tissues are
circulation in human body
called alveoli.
• Farmer's lung is a type of hypersensitivity • Blood travels 1000 times through the whole body
pneumonitis • Hemoglobin is chromo-protein
• Otalgia is what condition-Earache In lymph main cells are lymphocytes
• Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of Blood has 83% of water
vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of Blood has 60% plasma, 40%
collagen in humans. corpuscles During sleep a man’s blood
• Scorbutic gums, a symptom of scurvy pressure fluctuates. Fat is a Lipid
• Scurvy leads to the formation of spots on the skin, • Human blood is 6 times thicker than water Heart
spongy gums, and bleeding from the mucous pumps five liters of blood in 1 minute.
membranes. The spots are most abundant on the • Antigen is a substance that destroys harmful
thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks bacteria Blood typing is the way of determining
pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. the blood group.
In advanced scurvy there are open, suppurating • Platelets help to seal cuts in the skin.
wounds and loss of teeth. It was described by • Almost half of the blood in a body is made up of red
Hippocrates blood cells.
• Shortsightedness can be corrected with the use of • White cells are about one for every 500 red cells.
Concave. • A blood donor gives about 500 ml of blood.
• Pancreas lies partly on the left side and partly on • RBC and WBC is bloods are counted by
the right side of the body. Hemocytometer.
• In total 25 elements are present in human body. • Of the blood groups A, B, AB and O, which one is
transfused into a person whose blood group is A?
Group A and O Your body contains eight pints of
blood.
• Kari Landsteiner discovered the blood groups of
man.

• Prothrombin, which helps in clotting of blood, is Insulin is produced by pancreas, Insulin is a protein
released by Blood platelets. which acts as a hormone
• The main function of white blood cells in the body is • Amino acids are a product of the digestion of
to protect the body against diseases. proteins.
• In which liquid component do the blood cells move • Ptyalin is starch-digesting enzyme.
about? • Bile secretion does not contain enzymes.
Plasma • Pepsin, a digestive enzyme is produced in stomach.
• Blood can be classified into how many main types • The hormone secreted by adrenal cortex:
of groups? aldosterone
Four • The organ in (the human body which is responsible
• The fluid portion of blood is known as the plasma. for the digestion of protein only -Stomach Ptyalin
• Blood contains 91 to 92% waster. is present in the saliva.
• Blood contains proteins like Serum Albumin, Serum • Glycogen is mainly stored in Liver and muscles.
Globulin, Prothrombin and Fibrinogen. • Pepsin converts protein into peptides in acid media.
• RBCs in venous blood have bigger size than in • Trypsin is an enzyme produced by pancreas
arterial blood. • Starch is digested by Ptylin
• RBCs due to their Hb content act as O2 carrier. • Gall bladder stores bile from liver and releases it
into small intestine after food is consumed
• RBCs are also known as Erythrocytes.
• WBCs are known as Leucocytes and act as police • Pancreas is both endo- and exocrine gland
force of the body. • Harmones secreted by kidneys are Renin and
• WBCs are larger in size as compared to RBCs. Erythroprotein
• Life span of WBCs is a few days to a few weeks. • Lachrymal glands give out tears
• Platelets have no nucleus. • Sweat glands give out sweat
• Salivary glands give out saliva, Saliva contains
• Platelets are formed in red bone marrow.
• Life span of platelets varies from 4 to 10 days. Amylases Ptyalin is the enzyme of Saliva
• Platelets are very rich in catecholamine. • Liver converts excessive protein into urea.
• Blood grouping is based on the presence of blood • Amino acids are a product of the digestion of
group antigen (agglutinates) on RBCs, which are proteins.
inherited. • Ptyalin is starch-digesting enzyme.
• O group comprises of 47% of population while A • Bile secretion does not contain enzymes.
with 41% is second. • Enzymes found in saliva are ptyalin.
• Lachrymal gland is a ductless gland.
• Hemoglobin is a conjugated protein composed of
• Insulin: Pancreas
heme and globulin.
• Thyroxin: Thyroid
• Quantity of hemoglobin is 16-gms/100 ml of blood
• Adrenaline; Adrenal medulla
in Males and 14-gms/100 ml of blood in females.
• Estrogen: Ovaries
• Hemoglobin is basically from acetic acid and • Testosterone: Testes
glycine. • Cortisol; Adrenal cortex
• Platelets are essential for blood clotting. • In the body luteinizing hormone is produced by what
gland
Pituitary
• Mammary gland give out milk
• Liver gives out bile
GLANDS AND SECRETIONS IN HUMAN
• Sebaceous gland give out sebum
BODY
• Exocrine glands transmit secretions through ducts
• Enzymes are protein in nature
Blood clotting factor is produced by Liver
• Hydrolysis of starch gives glucose and fructose
Chemical factory of human body is liver
• Fat digested by Lipase
Urea is produces in liver
• Starch is a polymer of glucose
• Maximum quantity of water is in eyes • Endocrine glands: Pituitary is in brain and it controls
Largest secretary gland is Liver general body growth.

• Thyroid gland produces Thyroxin and it increases
rate of cellular metabolism,
• Pancreas produce insulin which metabolizes sugar
and fats
• Adrenal gland produce cartosol, Testosterone is
produced by Tests and ovaries produce
Progesterone.

Pituitary: Controls activity of thyroid, adrenal and • RNA = Ribose nucleic acid
reproductive glands. Other hormones stimulate the • Histones are on chromosomes
womb to contract during birth, and stimulate milk • Chromosomes word was coined by Waldeyer in
production after a baby is born. 1888
• Thyroid: Thyroxin controls the rate at which we • Number of chromosomes in human being is 46
grow, and how fast food is converted to energy in • Chromosomes in spermatozoa are 23
our cells. • Smallest part of a gene is Mutton
• Adrenal Glands: Adrenaline speeds up the heart • Mitochondria are power house of cells
and breathing, causes sweating and diverts blood to • Golgi bodies are involved in cell secretions
the muscles, in response to an emergency. • Ribosome are rich in DNA and prepare protein
• Cortisone helps fight stress and shock. • Plastids are found in Plant cells only and contain
• Aldosterone helps regulate water and salt in the chlorophyll Centrosomes help in cell division
body. Pancreas: Insulin controls the body’s use of Proteins are synthesized by Golgi bodies.
glucose. • Cellulose respiration is done by Mitochondrion
• Ovaries: Estrogens and progesterone control • Light energy is stored in the form of chemical
female appearance and the release of eggs, and energy due to the activity of Chloroplast.
prepare the body for pregnancy. Protoplasm is a colloidal solution.
• Testes: Testosterone controls the development of Most cells are microscopic but the egg cell of an
male appearance and the production of sperm cells. ostrich is 15-20 cm long and some giraffe nerve
cells reach more then 4 m long Mitochondria do
• Protein which acts as hormone is Oxatocin
work of cell respiration.
• Hormones are made in glands known as endocrine
The nucleus, mitocondria and chloroplast have
glands, which pour them, straight into the blood.
double membranes
Hormones are not released all the time they are
produced in short bursts. • Bacteria have no nucleus and no mitochondria they
have just a single loop of DNA cell nucleoid as well
• Pituitary gland attached to the underside of brain
as food granules and ribosome which produce
releases hormones that control the activity of other
proteins
endocrine glands. It produces hormone that controls
the amount of water filtered in the kidneys. Pituitary • Each cell has the same set of about 30,000 genes.
is attached to the brain by the hypothalamus which • Genes are arranged along a long and thin thread-
links together the nervous system and the like structure called chromosomes.
hormonal system • Snakes have 36 chromosomes, horse has 63 while
• Excessive secretion from the pituitary gland in some ferns have 500 or more
children results in increased height • Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes- 23 pairs
in every cell. The only exception is sperm and egg
cells, which have 23 unpaired chromosomes.
• Genes are made of a chemical called
deoxyribonucleic acid or
DNA
• DNA tells a cell how to make the proteins
GENE AND CELL • Every cell in a body contains at least 10,000
different kinds of proteins.
• The genetic material of chromatin is DNA • The machinery for making these proteins is on
• Hereditary material is DNA structures called ribosome, which are outside the
• Gender of a person is determined by 23rd nucleus.
chromosome • RNA carries the instructions for making a particular
• Autosome are sex chromosome = 23 protein to the ribosome.
• Nucleus of human body cell contains about 20,000 • A permanent change to a piece of DNA is called a
genes, half of which being contributed by each mutation.
parent • Nearly a third of a human being’s genes are the
• Term gene was coined by Johannsen in 1909 same as the genes of a lettuce.
• DNA = Deoxy ribose nucleic acid

• DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder called double
helix. The rungs of the ladder are made up of four
chemical building blocks Adenine, Guanine,
Thymine, and Cytosine.
• Amoeba is a unicellular organism
• A structure present in all cells is called cell DISEASES and their CURE
membrane The normal temperature of human
body on the Kelvin scale is 310. • TB tuberculosis is a bacterial disease
• ELISA is Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay- for • Bacillus causes TB
HIV/AIDS. • Salmonella Typhus are bacteria causing Typhoid
• Rh- blood is very rare compared to Rh+. • Vibrio cholera cause Cholera
• The pancreatic duct releases its contents into • Clostridium Tetni cause Tetanus
duodenum. • Athlete’s foot is caused by Fungi
• Right hepatic artery supplies nutrient rich blood from • Presbypia is an old age eye disease
stomach and small intestine to the liver. • Mycobacterium are bacteria causing T.B
• Human cranium contains 6 bones. • Myxovirus cause Influenza
• In the human body, spleen stores extra blood for • Anopheles (mosquito) causes malaria, parasite is
release when shortage occurs. plasmodium
• Mitochondria contain enzymes for cellular • Astigmation is fault of eye
respirations. • Thalasemia is an hereditary disease causing
• In the human body, rotator cuff muscle is to be deficiency of hemoglobin
found in the shoulder. • Long-sightedness is called Hyper metrophia
• Reproductive cells in normal human beings are • Shortsightedness is called Myopia
produced in greater numbers for a longer period of • Largest acquired disease is of tooth
time in the male • Low sugar in blood is called Hypoglycemia
• Which vessels bring blood back to heart? Inferior • High sugar in blood is called Hyperglycemia
venacava and Superior venacava bring blood back • Plague is caused by Yersina Pests Hemophilia is
to heart from lower parts and upper parts of body a bleeding disease Parasomia is sleepwalking.
respectively. • In Leukemia there is an abnormal increase in
• Where in your body is your patella: Knee ( it's the number of White blood cells
kneecap • Parkinson is a disease of Brain
• 80% of household dust is actually what material- • An Aids patient can live for 2 years
Dead skin Babies are born without what-Knee • Aids virus has single stranded RNA
Caps - form at 2-6 years In Nuclear DNA is • Meaningitis disease affects Centaral Nervous
concentrated in chromatin. Proteins are System
synthesized by golgi bodies. • Diabetes is a disease in which the urine lacks
Cellulose respiration is done by Mitochondrion. insulin
Protoplasm is a colloidal solution. • Improper function of Thyroid gland causes
Man is Homoeothermic. Myxedema
Hydrosis is the medical term for what -Sweating • Scurvy is the disease of swelling and bleeding of
gums
• An IVP is used to detect what medical condition-
Kidney • Hook worm enters human body through soles of
Stones- Intravenuspylorigram feet
• Tuberculosis usually spreads though milk
• What part of the body ages the fastest-The Hands
• Malaria affects spleen and liver
• In medicine what is nicknamed a blue pipe-A Vein
• Trachoma is a disease of ees
• What is the name of the cranial bone just above
• Mymps is caused by virus
your ear
• Lock jaw is a condion of Tetanus virus attack
Temporal
• A person suffering from Beri- Beri should use citrus
• What is the name of the scale measuring depth of fruit , mangoes, grapes
coma (GCS)Glasgow Coma Scale Pneumonia is caused by Cocci.
Common Cold is caused by Virus. • Strong drugs (Chemotherapy) are used to remove
Chief food of mosquito larva is microorganism found cancer in early stages
in water. • Magic bullets are special antibodies used as a drug
• Chief food of butterfly larva is leaves of plants. to kill cancer cells.
Pneumonia affects respiratory system. • Oil from the skin contains substances that kill
Rabies affects Nervous system. bacteria.
• Beri beri affects bones. • Inside the nose sticky mucus traps and destroys
• Biopsy is done on tissues taken from a living body invaders we inhale.
• Oldest known disease in the world is Leprosy • We have several different types of infection fighting
Lack of oxygen at high altitudes produce bleeding white cells in the blood. Two of the most important
Pathogenic is the Disease producing are lymphocytes and macrophages.
microorganism. Lymphocytes produce special chemical called
• Antibiotic for inhibit the growth of bacteria. antibodies to fight bacteria and viruses.
• Sulfa drugs are used for bacteria. • By what name is the disease, Varicella, more
• A disinfectant is used for destroying microorganism commonly known? Chicken Pox
and rendering the material sterile. • A typical bacterial cell is about 1000 times smaller
• Encephalitis is a viral disease. than an animal cell.
• Trypanosome a parasite causing sleeping sickness. • Viruses are not made up of cells.
• Immunization is the method in which the cure of • Viruses cause, common cold, measles, aidz.
disease is done by Vaccine. • Bacteria move with Flagella.
• Sleep sickness is transmitted by tse-tse-fly. • Bacteria cause Cholera, Tetanus, and Typhoid.
• Typical bacterial cell is about 1000 times smaller • Bacteria can produce (Two) in every 30 minutes
than an animal cell and 8 million bacteria a day.
• SARS = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a • Viruses called Bacteriophages invade the cell of
pneumonia like disease bacteria. They ‘hijack’ the cell’s chemical process,
• Mad cow disease = BSE (Bovine Spongiform so that, instead of working normally, the cell makes
Encephalopathy) copies of the virus.
• Louis Pasteur, a French chemist, was the first to • Immunization is the method in which the cure of
realize that diseases are caused by germs disease is done by Vaccine.
• In 1881, Louis Pasteur founded a vaccine for • Small pox is totally eliminated from the world.
anthrax, a fatal disease of animals. • Cancer is a disease which cannot be spread by
• The Pasteur Institute in Paris was founded in 1888 those who have it.
to investigate rabies. • The drug quinine is used in the treatment of malaria.
• Morphine used in drugs is extracted from opium • Pollen grains can cause hey fever, which is a typical
poppy, it is a powerful painkiller. allergic reaction.
• Antibiotics are substances produced naturally by • After drinking contaminated water you would be
certain moulds and bacteria. most apt to develop symptoms of ‘typhoid fever’.
• A vaccine is made of dead or weakened • Food poisoning can result from the eating of too
microorganisms to fight the invading virus. The body much Vitamins.
produces antibodies to fight the invading virus. (Check)
Later, if the body is exposed to real virus the • The most infectious disease is Penumonic form of
antibodies are already there to attack it before it Plague. it has a mortality rate og about 99.99 %
multiplies. Robert koch worked on TB Rust is caused by
• English doctor Edward Jener made vaccine of Fungi.
smallpox. Analgesic drugs prevent or reduce pain • Pathogenic is the Disease producing
• Jaundice is a yellowness of skin, which is caused by microorganism.
disease of the liver or gall blader. • Antibiotic for inhi the growth of bacteria.
• Head louse transmits the typhoid. • Sulfa drugs are used for bacteria.
• Cancer cells divide rapidly and form growth called • An disinfectant is used for destroying micro-
Tumors. organism and rendering the materialsterile.
• Radiotherapy is used for killing cancer cells • Pneumonia is caused by Cocci.
• Ultra-violet rays from sun can cause cancer • Common Cold is caused by Virus.
• Bacillus causes Cholera. • AIDS is caused by HIV virus (human immune
• Pneumonia affects respiratory system. deficiency virus).
• Rabies affects Nervous system. • Addison’s disease is caused by the excessive
• Beri beri affects bones. secretion of:
• Head louse transmits the typhoid. Adrenocorticotrophic Harmone
• Sleep sickness is transmitted by tse-tse-fly. • Consumption was the former name of which
• Trachoma is a disease of eye. disease:
• Typhoid is caused by bacteria. Tuberculosis
• Cancer Cells divide rapidly and form growth called • If you suffered from pruritus - what would be wrong-
Tumors. Itching
• If cells break away from the tumors they can travel • The word amnesia (forgetfulness) derives from-
to other part of the body and start new tumors. Greek Encephalitis is a viral disease.
• Radiotherapy is used for killing cancer cells. • What disease is spread in minute water droplets-
• Ultra-Violet rays from the sun can damage skin cells Legionnaires Disease
and cause cancer. • Which of the following diseases is generally spread
• Strong drugs (Chemotherapy) are used to remove by fleas?
cancer in early stages. Yellow fever
• Magic bullets are special antibodies used as a drug • The much dreaded H1N1 virus flu, also known as
to kill cancer; they directly attach themselves to swine flu, is a respiratory illness in pigs caused by a
cancer cells. virus
Anasthetic prevent patient feeling pain; local • Water contaminated by sewage spreads disease
anesthetic acts locally; generally anesthetic creates such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and river
unconsciousness. blindness
Analgesic prevents or reduces pain.
• Meningococcal Meningitis is transmitted from
• Antibiotic kills the bacteria that cause disease. person to person by mosquito bites.
Antihistamine relieves symptoms of asthma, hay
• Vomiting and neck pair are two of the symptoms of
fever and other allergies. Meningococcal Meningitis.
• Hormone = used to overcome a hormone deficiency • Deficiency of vitamin A causes Xerophthalmia, a
in the body. disease characterized by dryness of conjunctiva
• Narcotic = helps prevents pain by deadening the layer of eye.
whole system. • Cholera is caused by bacteria vibrio cholerae.
• Sedative = helps induce sleep. • Colour blindness, Down’s syndrome & Hemophilia
• Tranquillizer = helps claim a person. are genetic disorders.
• Vaccine = helps the body fight a virus disease by
• Xerophthalmia is disease of tear glands.
triggering its natural defenses in advance.
• Leukemia is a type of cancer in which there is an
• Encephalitis is a viral disease. abnormal increase in the number of White Blood
• Muscle stiffness is caused by a disease called Cells.
Parkinsons
• Biopsy is a medical diagnostic technique using cells
(Check)
and tissues.
• Wool sorters disease is actually what-Anthrax • In which country were antibiotics first used: Egypt -
Which disease was once known as white used mouldy bread
plagueTuberculosis Beingn tertain malaria is • If you suffer from epistaxis what is wrong:
caused by plasmodium vivax. Nosebleed
• Sir Ronald Ross first described the life history of
human malarial parasite in Anopheles.
• The mouthparts of anopheles are adapted to
piercing and sucking type feeding.
• Amoebic dysentery in man is caused by Entamoeba
histolytica.
• Jaundice is the disease of Liver

Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease of... • It is now believed that dinosaurs became extinct
Teeth Louis Pasteur is called “Father of the because of:
Modern Medicine”. • The platypus and the echidna are the only
If you has caries who would you consult Dentist - its mammals that Lay eggs
tooth decay Which of the following is not an attribute • Lady bird is an insect
of bacterium? Ability to arise from non-living matter • Rust of wheat is a disease caused by Fungi
The comma bacillus causes what disease: Cholera • Silk is obtained from cocoon of silk worm
• If you have Chlorosis what colour does the skin go: • Python Plankton are poisonous plants
Green • Insects have lived on earth about 4,000,000 years
• What is the oldest most widely used drug on earth: • Slowest creature on earth is Conch-Shell (shellfish
Alcohol What medication discovered in 1928 but snail)
introduced 1940: • Star fish is not a star fish but a spiny-skin
Penicillin (Echinodermata) marine animal.
• Flies and humans can both get which condition- • Koala bear is the only animal who doesn’t drink
Athletes Foot Agraphia means inability to write. water
• St. Vitus’s dance is a disease. • A rat can last longer without water than a camel
• Kleptomania is an irrational urge to steal. • Loudest animal is Blue whales
• After drinking contaminated water you would be Peocock is found in 3 colors
most apt to develop symptoms of ‘typhoid fever’. • Cockroach is considered ancient insect of world
• Otalgia is what condition-Earache • Daffodils flower resembles a human eye
• If a doctor gave you an Ishihara test what is he • Giant squid is the largest invertiberate
testing-for • Angora wool is got from a special variety of rabbit
Colour blindness. • Sailfish is the largest fisht
• Distance covered by tortoiose is 4.6 meter in a
minute
ANIMALS, PLANTS & INSECTS • Aristotle was the first to classify animals into groups
• Eucalyptus is now considered as environmental
• Earth worm is bi-sexual hazard
• Euspongia is known as natural bath sponge. • Light energy is stored in the form of chemical
• Live Fluke, biologically called Fasciola, is found in energy due to the activity of Chloroplast.
liver of sheep. • Wood is used in manufacturing paper
• Eyes of insects are compound. • In cryptograms, the sex organs are primitive and
• Plants growing in extremely dry condition are called hidden.
Xerophytes. • Thallophytia include algae, fungi, and lichens.
• Carl Linneus is famous for binomial system of
• Roots absorb water from soil, which is Hygroscopic.
nomenclature.
• Legumes increase the fertility of the soil by adding
• Angiosperm includes the plants, which have
nitrogen to the soil.
covered flowers and covered flowers and covered
• New varieties of organisms can be brought about by seed.
hybridization.
• Plant cells resembles animal cell because having a
• Seeds are developed from Ovule. cell membrane made up of protoplasm.
• Parthenocarpic fruits are seedless fruits.
• The king cobra is the only snake who build nest.
• Grains swell in water due to imbibitions.
• The black Mamba is the fastest snake.
• Chlorophyll contains magnesium.
• Snake have been evolved from lizard.
• Starfish is not a starfish but a spiny-skin
• Fertilization is fusion of two game tics of different
(Echinodermata) marine animal.
strains.
• Plants store their food in the form of starch. • Fruit developed from single ovary is called simple
• Unlike most other fish, sharks have no: fruit.
• Seeds are developed from Ovule.

• Parthenocarpic fruits are seedless fruits. • Hard shell of animals is called exoskeleton
• Commercial cork is obtained from Quercus. • 105 million different species of animals have been
• Grains swell in water due to imbibitions. identified
• Chlorophyll contains magnesium. • Plants growing in extremely dry condition are called
• The rate of transpiration depends upon frequency of Xerophytes.
Stomata. • Roots absorb water from soil, which is Hygroscopic.
• Light is necessary for photosynthesis because it • Legumes increase the fertility of the soil by adding
produce ATP and reducing substance. nitrogen to the soil.
• Oxygen liberated from photosynthesis comes from • Hominoids are Humans + chimpanzees +
water. orungutans + Gorillas
• Red light is most suitable for photosynthesis. • Felidae means from cat family
• Respiration means food oxidation and evolution of • Panthera means big cats
energy. • There are 5 kingdoms in animal kingdom
• Chemical presentation of dead organism in liquid is • Birds are warm blooded
called CryoBilogy. • Birds’ bones are hollow
• The organisms which are the only living membrane • Oven birds build strong nests
of their group and link two major groups are called • Weaver birds are those who build their nests.
Living Fossil • Male birds are more colorful than female birds
• Red color of tomatos is imparted by Darotionoid Birds that cannot fly are penguins, emus, kiwis and
• Amphibians were the first vertrbrata ostriches In cryptograms, the sex organs are
• There are three stages of frog = egg, tadpole, and primitive and hidden.
adult frog • Thallophytia include algae, fungi, and lichens.
• There are three groups of amhibians = salamanders • Carl Linneus is famous for binomial system of
(slow moving animals), frogs and toads, caecilians nomenclature.
(who look more worm than amphibians) • Angiosperm includes the plants, which have covered
• Lonrad Lorenz (1903-1989) was the first to study flowers and covered flowers and covered seed.
animal behaviour • Plant cells resembles animal cell because having a
• Animals survive very cold weather or very dry cell membrane made up of protoplasm.
weather by going into a deep sleep it is called • Smell is the weakest sense in Birds.
hibernation and sleeping trough hot day condition is • Owl can rotate his head to 180 degrees on either
called aestivation side.
• Blue signed octopus very lethal and can kill 10 • Ostrich eat pebbles for helping digestion by grinding
people it feeds on crabs up the ingested food.
• Cheetah is the fastest land animal. It can accelerate • The cuckoo sneaks its eggs into other birds’ nest to
from 0-90 km/h in 3 seconds and can run at 100 hatch.
km/h but has to rest after • Earthworm is a bi-sexual.
20 seconds • Eyes of insects are compound.
Sponge, beetle, snail, Jelly fish, insects and starfish • Dolphins have 700 times more rods in their eyes
are coldblooded animals than humans, which help them to see in dim light
Shark is a cold blooded animal under water. A fly’s compound eye has 400
• Newts (wall lizard) and frog are cold blooded individual tubes. Plants in which seed are outside
animals the fruit are called Gymnosperms.
• Lizards, crocodiles, snakes, turtles and tortoises are
• Pollen is produced in a part of the flower called the
cold blooded animals
Calyx.
• Invertegrates have 33 groups, fish have 2 goups, • Squids are the fastest swimming invertebrates or
amphibians have 3 groups, reptiles havd 3 groups, animals without backbone.
birds have 28-30 groups
• 99% of all animals are invertebrates.
and mammals have 21 groups
• The sailfish can swim at 110 km/hour. It the fastest
• Over 90% of animals are invertebrates fish.

• Fishes have a bag of gas called a swim bladder • Felidae ----: from cat family. Panthera ----- big cat
inside their bodies that helps them float and sink. Kestrel is a kind of Eagle.
• Fishes like sharks and rays have skeletons make of • Vole is a kind of mouse
tough cartilage and they don’t have a swim bladder. • Orca (Killer Whale)
• Fungi are neither plants nor animals they are • Word dinosaur means “terrible” Lizard.
classified in their own separate kingdom. • Euspongia is known as natural bath sponge.
• The cell wall of fungi is made of chitin, the material • Live Fluke, biologically called Fasciola, is found in
from which insects make their hard outer skeletons. liver of sheep.
Unlike other green plants fungi cannot use the sun’s • Earthworm is a bi-sexual.
energy to make food; instead they absorb their food • Eyes of insects are compound.
from other living or dead remains of living things. • Silk is obtained from cocoon of silkworm. The
• Fungi break down dead and decaying materials so brown colour of rust is because of : oxidation
that they can be recycled. Granite is a form of – rock:
• Fungal infections destroy crops and cause diseases Cellulose -- is the main chemical substance in the
like athlete’s foot and ringworm. plant cell wall:
• Plants make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and The desert mammal which does not drink water:
water and we get carbohydrates from plants Knagaroo Rat
• Silk is one of two main fibres we get from animals. The loudest sound produced by any animal is 188
The wool from sheep is the other. decibels. The animal is the African Elephant
• Cotton is the most important plant fibre. It produces The primary plant body consists of 3 tissue systems.
fibres in the seedpod or boll. • The total weight of a cell in a leaf or a petal, water
• Linen is another plant fiber make from flax plant. constitutes about 90%.
• Dinosaurs lived in Mesozoic era. • A tissue is a group of cells having similar structure
• Eagle’s eyes have five times more light sensitive and function.
cells than ours. • The three elements needed for healthy growth of
plants are: N,
• Eucalyptus trees grow faster than any other trees.
P, K
• Three groups of Amphibians o Salamanders – slow
moving animals. Frog and toads. o Caecilians - look • What colour is Octopus blood: Blue
more worms than amphibians. • What is the only bird that can smell: Emus
• The eyes of which animal have rectangular pupils-
• Blue signed octopus is very lethal, can kill 10 Goat
people, it feeds on crabs. • What animals eye is larger than its brain-Ostrich
• Cheetah is the fastest land animal, can accelerate • What fish can blink its eyes -Shark
from 0-90 km/h in just three seconds and can run at • Where are a crickets ears located- Front legs
100 km/h. But he has to rest after about 20 seconds. • Which animal sleeps with one eye open-Dolphin
• Sponge, beetle, snails, jellyfish, insects and starfish • Vole is a kind of mouse
are coldblooded animals. • Kestrel is a kind of eagle
• Shark is a cold-blooded animal. • Killer whale is Orca
• Newts, and frog are cold-blooded animals. • Corn adds more oxygen to the atmosphere than it
• Lizard, crocodiles, snakes, turtiles and tortoises are removes.
coldblooded animals. • Euspongia is known as natural bath sponge.
• Invertebrates have 33 groups. Fish 3 • Live Fluke, biologically called Fasciola, is found in
• Amphibians 3 liver of sheep.
• Reptile 3 • Banana plant is shrub
• Birds 28-30 Mammals 21 • Rubber is obtained from latex
• Over 90% of animals are invertebrates. • Tobacco contains Nicotine
• Hard Shell of animals is called -> Exoskeleton. • Kharif crops are sown in Summer season
• 105 million different species of animals have been • Pesticides kill insects that attck crops
identified. • Herbicides kill weeds
• Hominoids – Human + Champanzees + Orangutans • Seedless Fruits are formed by pathanogenesis.
+ Gorillas. • Cotton fiber is routed from seed.
• Horticulture is the cultivation of fruit crops.

• Late blight is a disease of potato and tomato plants. • Weaverbirds are called to the birds that build their
• The fertility of soil can be increased by growing nests.
legumes. • Male birds are more colorful than females.
• Olive trees and Cork oak grow in the regions having • Birds do not fly are penguins, emus, kiwis, ostriches.
the Mediterranean type of climate. • Thallophytia include algae, fungi, and lichens.
• Coniferous forests are found in a region having low • Angiosperm includes the plants, which have covered
mean temperature and a long cold winter. flowers and covered seed.
• In the Northern Hemisphere, the geographical belt of • Plant cells resembles animal cell because having a
coniferous forest south of Tundra is called Steppe. cell membrane made up of protoplasm.
• Silverfish is a wingless insect. • Snake have been evolved from lizard.
• Guinea pig is a stocky tailless rodent used in • Plants in which seed are outside the fruit are called
experimental work. Gymnosperms.
• What kind of animal is a lurcher: Dog • Linseed oil is used while oil painting.
• With which organ does a snake hear: Tongue • In cryptograms, the sex organs are primitive and
• What fish can hold objects in its tail: Sea Horse hidden.
• The leach has 32 what - humans only got one- • The rate of transpiration depends upon frequency of
Brains Stomata.
• The primary producers of organic matter in nature • Light is necessary for photosynthesis because it
are Green plants. produce ATP and reducing substance.
• The edible portion of mango is Mesocarp. • Oxygen liberated from photosynthesis comes from
• The rice grain is a seed. water.
• Bamboo is Grass. • Red light is most suitable for photosynthesis.
• Cork cells are impervious to water because of the • Respiration means food oxidation and evolution of
presence of Suberin. energy.
The biotic relationship between insects and plants • The organisms, which are the only living membrane
with reference to pollination is called Mutualism. of their group and link two major groups, are called
• Historically, Joseph Priestley recognized in 1727 Living Fossil.
A.D. that sunlight and air are important for the • Mammals cannot be cold blooded.
growth of plants. • Trypanosome a parasite causing sleeping sickness.
• Carbon dioxide is required during photosynthesis • Chief food of mosquito larva is microorganism found
process in addition to sunlight and water. in water.
• Man is Homoeothermic. • Chief food of butterfly larva is leaves of plants.
• The compound eye of insect produces Mosaic • Corn adds more oxygen to the atmosphere than it
vision. removes.
• The postembryonic stages in the life history of • Fruit developed from single ovary is called simple
cockroach are known as Nymphs. fruit.
• Pollen is produced in a part of the flower called the
• Amphibians were the first vertebrates.
Calyx.
• There are three stages of frog. Egg-tadpole-adult
• Edible part of tomato is whole fruit.
frog.
• The primary producers of organic matter in nature
• Smell is the weakest sense in Birds.
are Green plants.
• Owl can rotate his head to 180 degrees on either
sides. • Historically, Joseph Priestley recognized in 1727
• Ostrich eat pebbles for helping digestion by grinding A.D. that sunlight and air are important for the
up the ingested food. growth of plants.
• The cuckoo sneaks its eggs into other birds’ nest to • Carbon dioxide is required during photosynthesis
hatch. process in addition to sunlight and water.
• Birds are warm-blooded animals. The compound eye of insect produces Mosaic
vision.
• Birds’ bones are hollow.
• Ovenbirds build strong nests.

The postembryonic stages in the life history of • Carbon dioxide we release comes from food we eat
cockroach are known as Nymphs. • Vitamin B2 has what other name Riboflavin
In the animal kingdom what creatures are in the • Fats are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
order— • Vitamin E is called anti-aging agent
Chiroptera- Bats • Vitamin E helps in fertility process
• 90% of bird species are what Monogamous • Vitamin B helps maintain normal appetite and good
Kangaroos and Emus can't do what-Walk digestion
backwards • Protein found in milk is Casein, in beans is Legumes,
• Aleuronic layer: is that part of the grain in cereals in meat is myosin and in eggs is albumin
where much of the protein lies. • Water soluble vitamin are B and C and all other are
fat soluble
• Vitamin A is stored as Ester in liver
• Vitamin A is found in carotene bearing plants
• Vitamin K helps to form prothrobin (fibro gin) one of
VARIOUS PROCESSES the enzymes helpful in blood clotting
• Vitamin E is necessary for iron utilization; normal
• Chemical union of two or more molecules of the reproductive function. Vitamin E is for reproduction.
compound to form larger molecules is called Vitamin A is found in Dairy products
Polymerization. • Deficiency of Vitamin A causes Night blindness.
• The process by which plants take food is • Too much presence of the Potassium salt in human
photosynthesis blood increase the risk of heart attack.
• Reduction is the removal of oxygen atoms • The lack of calcium in the diet causes what
• Oxidation is the combination of oxygen or removal condition-Rickets Celluloses are carbohydrates.
of hydrogen • Milk contains lactose.
• Horticulture is the cultivation of flowers, fruits and • Vitamin C is a preventor of infectious disease
vegetable • Vitamin C is also called Skin food
• Pastevurization is the protection of food by heating • Vitamin C can easily be lost in cooking and food
• Method of preparation of warnish was discovered storage Vitamin D is essential for calcium
by Jabir bin metabolism.
Hayaan • Vitamin C hastens healing of wounds
• If temperature rises gradually up to 40 deg: C, the • Vitamin capable of formation of blood is B12
rate of photosynthesis may stop altogether. • Riches source of Vitamin D is code liver oil
• Riches source of Vitamin A is eggs
• Deficiency of Calcium leads to rickets Vitamin B1
is available is yeast.
• Scury, arising due to deficiency of vitamin C, it is
related to Gastro-intestinal disorder.
• Sodium is necessary of nervous system.
VITAMINS • Vitamin D is essential for calcium metabolism.
• Cheese contains vitamin D.
• Deficiency of vitamin A causes dryness of skin and • Vitamin C cannot be stored in human body.
night blindness • Scurvy, arising due to deficiency of vitamin C, it is
• Skin food is Vitamin C related to Gastro-intestinal disorder.
• Vitamin C is also called Ascorbic Acid it prevents • Sodium is necessary of nervous system.
scurvy • Ground nut has maximum protein
• Vitamin C is also necessary for utilization of iron • Digestion of fat in intestine is aided by Emulsification
• The food which contains largest amount of Vitamin C • Hair, finger nails, hoofs, etc are all make of protein
is tomato • Deficiency of sodium and potassium causes
• Cod liver oil contains Vitamin D muscular cramps, headache and diahrae Milk
• Collagen is the substance that gives elasticity to skin
contains 80% water Milk is a complete food.
• Vitamin E promotes oxygenation and acts as anti
• Cheese contains vitamin D.
aging
• Vitamin E is for reproduction. • Mother Teresa was awarded Nobel Prize in the
• Deficiency of Thiamine causes Beri Beri. field of peace.
• Glucose is the source of energy for human brain. • The New York Times received five Pulitzer prizes
• Major component of honey is Glucose of 2009 for investigative, breaking news and
• Three main food nutrients are carbohydrates, protein international reporting, feature photography and
and fats. criticism.
Other are vitamins and minerals • A noted Indian wildlife biologist, Dr M.D.
• Meat is rich in iron we need to make blood cells Madhusudan, Director of Nature Conservation
• Eating of coconut increases man’s mental faculties Foundation
• Food poisoning can result from the eating of too • Four persons have been awarded Nobel Prize
much toadstools. twice. Van’t Hoff was the first Nobel Laureate in
• Vitamin c is also known as Ascorbic Acid. Chemistry. Wole Soyinka is a Nobel Prize winner
• Celluloses are carbohydrates. for literature. He is from Nigeria.
• Milk contains lactose • Which field did Alfred Nobel not include originally...
• Ascorbic acid is essential for the formation of bones Economics
and teeth. • Person getting the Nobel peace prize in 2008 was
• Citric acid is a good substitution for ascorbic acid in of the country. Finland
our nutrition. • Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden,
• A guava contains more vitamin C than an orange more than 150 years ago. In what year was he
• Vitamin C isnot stored in human body born? Alfred Nobel was born in
1833
SCIENTISTS • What did Alfred's father, Immanuel, do for a living?
Alfred's father was an engineer and inventor.
• Ibn baitar was a Botanist • Alfred Nobel never married.
• Kitab al Manazar on optical works was written by • A future Nobel Laureate worked for a short period
Ibn al Haitham Mamoon observatory was of time as
established during the reign of Caliph Mamoon Alfred Nobel's secretary. Who? Bertha von Suttner
Circulation of blood was described by a Muslim • Alfred Nobel died on 10 December 1896, but not in
scientist name Nafis Abdul al-Hasan. Sweden, his home country. Where did he die?
• Al-Khwarizimi was first person who used zero. Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy.
Muslim scientist Ali al Tabari is famous for his work • Why did Alfred Nobel establish a prize in his will?
on ___ Alfred Nobel wanted to award the greatest benefits
(medical sciences) to mankind.
• Al Beruni discovered that light travels faster than • Which Nobel category does not yet have a single
sound. female laureate? Economics
• Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?
NOBLE PRIZE
Roentgen.
• Which single winner won the most number of
• Astronomers cannot be nominated for noble prize Nobel Prizes?
Marie curie twice won Noble Prize. International Committee of the Red Cross.
• First Nobel Prizes were awarded on 10 Dec: 1901. • Who was the first non-European to win the Nobel
• What country awards the Nobel peace prize- Prize in
Norway Literature? Rabindranath Tagore
• Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1972-Nobody
• Mathematicsis not a valid Nobel Prize category.
• Who refused the Nobel Literature prize in 1958-
• In what year did the most people decline their
Boris Pasternak
Nobel Prize? 1939
• Who was the first American to receive the Nobel
Who was the only person to win the Nobel Prize
Literature prize
twice -- in
Sinclair Lewis
Peace and Chemistry? Linus Pauling
• Which Nobel Prize is not awarded annually in
• Who was the only person to win the Nobel Prize
Stockholm twice -- in both
Peace
Physics and Chemistry? Marie Curie • Metamorphic rocks are the rocks transformed by the
• Name the six categories for which the prizes are action of intense heat or great pressure or chemical
awarded. Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or activity.
Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economics. • Shale is a metamorphic rock.
• For which category was a Nobel Prize given • Sedimentary rocks cover about 75% of world’s land
starting 1969? area.
Economics. • Moon rocks collected by astronauts are igneous in
• Who awards the Peace Prize? The Norwegian type.
Nobel Committee.
• Max Planck received the noble prize in Physics in ORES
1918 for his discovery of: energy quanta
• Climate change campaigner Al Gore and the UN's • Ore of Aluminum is Bauxite
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have • Pyrolusite is an ore of manganese
been jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Myrolusite is an ore of Manganese.
• Rabindra Nath Tagore was the first Indian/South • Ore of Gold is Native Gold
Asian to win Nobel Prize. (Literature in 1931). • Argentite is an ore of silver Magnetite and
• Former US Vice-President Al Gore has won hematite are iron ores.
Noble Peace Prize 2007 for his campaign • The important ore of Chromium is Chromite
• Bauxite is an ore of aluminum. It contains mineral
against Global Warming.
alumina, or aluminum oxide.
• The first negro to be awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize was Ralph Johnson Bunche • Diaspore, Felspar, Alurite, Zibcite, and Bauxite are
Rabindarnath Tagore won first Nobel Prize from South the ores of Aluminum.
Asia. • Malachite is an ore of Copper
• Radium is extracted from an ore called Pitch
CHEMICALS, METALS, ACIDS AND GASES Blonde
• Which element is extracted from the ore
Sphalerite-Zinc
• Substance which changes readily into vapor upon
heating is called volatile • Saccharine is obtained from coal tar
• Selenium is a non metal • What is extracted from the ore cinnabar-Mercury
• Most elastic among carbon, rubber, glass and paper What is extracted from the ore caserite-Tin
is glass • Aqua Regia is the mixture of Nitric Acid and HCL in
1:3.
• Quartz is chemically silicon dioxide Highest
electrical conductivity is of Silver Vinegar contains ALLOYS
Acetic Acid.
• Lightest element found in nature is hydrogen
• Bronze is the mixture of Copper and tin.
• Heaviest atom is uranium with atomic weight 92 amu
• Brass is an alloy of Copper and Zinc
Molasses is a by-product of sugar industry. • Bronze is an alloy of copper and Tin
• Formic Acid is used in dying, tanning and • Stainless steel is an alloy of carbon +Iron with
electroplating. Chromium and
• Which gas discovered in 1898 has a name meaning Nickel
new
• German silver is an alloy of copper with nickel and
Neon.
zinc
• The metal known as quick silver: Mercury • Solder is an alloy of lead and tin
• Ethylene is a gas concerned with Ripening of fruits. • Dental amalgam = mercury +silver, Tin, Zinc,
• Opium is obtained from seed capsule of opium Copper
poppy. • Duralumin = aluminium + copper + magnesium
• Dry Ice is solid Carbon dioxide
• Pewter is an ancient alloy made of tin and lead
• The most common element in the universe is
Aluminum is used mostly in aircrafts
Nitrogen.
Camphor exhibits the property of sublimation.
• Geologists have classified nearly 3000 minerals.
• The alloy which consists of copper and tin.Bronze
• Igneous rocks are solidified form of molten magma.
• Excessive use of fertilizers causes death of pants
• Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of
due to exomosis.
sediments in water.
• Stainless steel => Carbon + Iron + Chromium +
Nickel.
• Bronze does not rust. CHEMICAL FORMULAE
• Dental Amalgem => mercury + Silver, Tin, Zinc,
Copper. • Common Salt is NaCl = sodium chloride
• Duralumin => aluminum+Copper+magnesium. Chun is Ca (OH) 2 = calcium hydroxide
• Brass => Copper + Zinc. • Washing soda = Na2CO3= sodium carbonate
• Pewter => an ancient alloy made up to tin and • Baking soda = NaHCO3 = sodium bicarbonate
lead.
• Chalk = CaCO3 = calcium carbonate Plaster of
• Aluminum is used mostly in aircrafts.
Paris = CaSO4.1/2 H2O Gypsum salt is
• Australia has the largest bauxite deposits.
CaSo4 + 2H2O.
• Aluminum metal is obtained from aluminia by
electrolysis – passing electricity through it. Charles • Cholestrol = C27 H46O
Hall in the USA and Paul Heroult in France • Carbohydrates = C+O+H
discovered this process independently in 1886. • Protein = C+Nitrogen + O+H C2 H5 OH is the
• Asbestos does not burn and it is a mineral fiber formula of Alcohol.
• Amalgam is a mixture of metal and mercury • H14 N2 is a poisonous alkaloid consumed daily by
• Nickel is used as a catalyst while manufacturing millions what-Nicotine
ghee • What element was named after the Greek word for
• After persistent decay, radium would be finally green-
changed into Lead. Chlorine
• Mercury is a liquid with greatest density • What elements name comes from the Greek for
• Noble metal are non-reactive metals example light bearing-
Gold, Silver and Phosphorous
Platinum • Alphabetically what is the first element in the
• Mica is an excellent insulator periodic tableActinium
• Purest form of iron is wrought iron • What elements name comes from the Greek word
• Cast iron has highest carbon content for violet-
• Sodium, potassium and magnesium are reactive Iodine
metals • Mercury is also known as Quick Silver
• Sodium burns in water not in kerosene • Coal is also known as Black Diamond
• Conductivity level: 1) silver, 2) copper, 3) • The lightest known metal is Lithium
aluminum, 4) iron • The oil used to preserve timber is Creosote oil
• PVC = Ployvenyl Chloride • Limestone is predominantly used raw material in
• First synthetic materials was Celluloid in 1868 the production of cement.
• Second synthetic material by Bakelite invented by • An element found in all organic compounds is
Leo Hendricks Backland carbon
• Largely limestone is used in the production of • Most commonly used bleaching agent is chlorine
cement Granite can be found in igneous rocks. • Lime is sometimes applied to soil in order to
• Coal and petroleum are found in Sedimentary increase the alkalinity of the soil
rocks • Podsols are Acidic soils
• Gold and copper are mostly found in old Igneous • Source of plaster of Paris is gypsum
rocks • Chemical name of plaster of Paris is Hemihydrates
• Magnesium is abundant in sea • Naturally occurring elements are 92
• Sources of uranium in Pakistan is Dera Ghazi • Total elements are 109
Khan • Alkaline soil is treated with gypsum
• What type of acid is used in car batteries Sulphuric
• Copper can be converted into gold by: Artificial
radioactivity
• Tungsten has the highest melting point = 3410
deg: C
• The coil used in a heater is made of Nichron

Marble is metamorphic rock • Salt is one of the halogens
• Limestone is sedimentary rock • Halogens light bulbs used in cars’ headlamps
• Limestone transforms into marble (ususlly iodine or bromine) surrounding the light
• Thorium is both magnetic and radioactive filament. Halogen bulbs are brighter and last longer
• Finest quality of pottery is procelin. It is make from than ordinary light bulbs.
the purest white clay such as kaolin also called • Fluoride compounds in toothpaste and drinking
China clay and heated at water help to prevent tooth decay.
1400 deg: C • Chlorine reacts with other elements and form PVC,
• Bone china is an imitation porcelain made using clay a plastic for pipes and waterproof fabrics.
mixed with bone ash • Iodine sublimes at room temperature (i.e turns
• Mud bricks are called adobe directly into a gas)
• Materials that resist high temperatures are known as • Chlorine is used in swimming pools to kill germs.
refectories Refectories contin tungsten, the metal Palladium metal is used in air craft
with highest melting point (3410 deg: C). Liquid sodium is used a coolant in nuclear reactor
• Some refectories contain tungsten carbide which is • Plutonium-239 is a good nuclear fuel
used to make cutting tools that remain sharp even • Aviation fuel for jet aeroplanes consists of purified
when they get red hot kerosene
• Rungsten and titanium carbides are mixed with • Co2 is used in fir extinguishers
ceramics to form cerment which are used in high • Cooking gas is oxygen+methane
temperature parts of jet and rocket engines • Hydrogen has the highest fuel value
• Cement is a ceramic product made of fiercely • Ripening of fruits is hastened by Ethylene gas
haeating (1500 deg: C) earthly material like • Iron rusts due to formation of a mixture of ferrous
limestone and clay and ferric hydroxide
• Concrete is strong under compression but weak if • Chemically soap is a salt
streatched • Dalton’s atomic theory gave the concept of Valency
(tension). For this engineers cast steel rods into the • When radioactive rays are passed through air or any
concrete. gas , they cause it to ionize
This is called reinforced concrete. • Formic acid is present in sour milk
• Ceramic is made by heating and mixing together the • Butane gas is used in cigarette lighters
ceramic material boron carbide and aluminium. It is • LPG contains Butane and propane
lighter than • In soft drinks Co2 is used
aluminum and stronger than steel • Rust stains on cloth is revoved by Oxalic Acid
• Sodium carbonate is used in making glass and in solution
caustic soda for making soap • Acid in lemon and grape fruit is Citric Acid
• Sulphuric acid is also known as “lifeblood of • Permanent magnets are make from Ferromagnetic
industry” substances
• Oxidation is addition of oxygen to the substance • Melting point of Tungsten is 3000 deg: C Mercury
• Hydrogenation is adding hydrogen is used as a solvent in refining silver Serenium is
• Hydrogen is the commonest element in the non-metal substance.
universe. • Aqua Regia is the mixture of Nitric Acid and HCL in
• Hydrogen is a powerful fuel. The main engines of 1:3.
the space shuttle are powered by hydrogen. • Sodium Benzoate is used to preserve food articles.
• Hydrogen is used in fertilizers, margarine and Gas used for purification of water is chlorine
plastics. • Formic Acid is used in dying, tanning and
• Serenium is non-metal substance. electroplating.
• ‘Ion exchange’ is the method to remove the • In galvanization iron sheet is coated with Zinc
temporary or permanent hardness of water. • Mahalanobis model laid great emphasis on
• Molasses (Gur) are a by-product of sugar industry. development of heavy industries.
• Polymerization is the reaction by which plastics are • Oxidation is the process in which electron is lost.
made. It involves linking together of small molecules • Camphor exhibits the property of sublimation.
(manomers) to form large ones (polymers) • Gypsum salt is CaSo4 + 2H2O.
• Halogens mean salt like. It is a group of highly • Excessive use of fertilizers causes death of plants
reactive nonmetals that are poisonous in their pure due to exomosis.
forms. Other halogens are fluorine, bromine, iodine, • Sodium Benzoate is used to preserve food articles.
and astatine.
• Bee stings contain formic acid • The ordinary glass used for bottles and windows is
• BHCC Benzene Hex chloride is used for killing for known as soda lime glass as it is made by using
insects. soda ash and limestone.
• Opposite of acid is alkali • Adding lead oxide in glass making recipe makes
• Pure water has pH of 7 crystal glass which has extra brilliance and sparkles
• pH scale ranges from 0-14 like a diamond.
• Cola drinks contain phosphoric acid to give them • Glass with a very high lead content is made for the
flavor nuclear industry because it blocks harmful
• People used to treat bee stings by rubbing them radiations.
with bicarbonate of soda • Boron is added to glass making recipe to protect
• Acid contains hydrogen and react with metals such glass from expanding and cracking when heated.
as iron and zinc, they give off hydrogen • Borosilicate glass is used to make heat resistant
• Acid turns litmus paper red cookware and laboratory equipments.
• Alkali turns litmus paper blue • Glues comes from animals by boiling bones and
• Alkalis are part of a group of chemicals called skin of cattle and fish bones
bases. • Gums come from the sticky resins make by certain
• Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water, have bitter plants.
taste and feel soapy • Most adhesives used today are synthetic and are
• When an acid meets an alkali both are changed- usually made from petroleum chemicals.
they are neutralized. • Among the strongest adhesives are the epoxy
• When acid meets alkali salt and water is produced resins Gold is the most malleable metal of all.
• Stomach produces hydrochloric acid • Silver is used today in photography because many
Strong acids like sulphuric acid is usesd in factories silver salts darken when they are exposed to light.
to make fertilizers, explosives, plastics, synthetic
• Platinum is used in industry as a catalyst.
fabrics, paints, dyes,
• Rubies and sapphires are made mostly of a material
medicines, detergents and other chemicals
called alumina, but rubies are red beacuase they
• Example of strong alkali is Sodium Hydroxide contain tiny amount of chromium and sapphires are
(caustic soda) ususlly blue as these cotain timy amounts of iron
• Sodium hydroxide solution dissolves fats and used
• Driest deserts on earth are the cold, dry valley of
to clean oven and drain blocked cleaners
Antarctica
• In industry alkalis are used in the manufacture of • Detergents are synthetic products made from
soap, glass, paper and textile and in the refining of petroleum chemicals
crude oil
• Heating fat or oil with alkali like caustic soda makes
• Aluminum metal is obtained from aluminia by soap. A product we get from making of soap is
electrolysis. This process was discovered by glycerine, which is used in making plastics and
Charles Hall of US in 1886 and Paul Heroult in explosives.
France
• Pure iron is quite a weak metal but if carbon is
• Use of Boron and Zink can improve cotton yield added to it, it becomes both strong and hard
• ‘Ion exchange’ is the method to remove the • Iron bricks are called steel ingot
temporary or permanent hardness of water.
• Iron is not found in metal form but extracted from
• An example of inorganic compound is carbon iron ore by smelting ie heating at high temp:
monoxide 90 elements exist naturally and 25 artificially
• Shoot is an example of amorphous carbon At room temperature most elements are solids but a
• Different forms of same elements are called number are gases like oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen,
allotropes helium and neon and only two are liquids like
• Diamond is allotropic form of carbon mercury and bromine.
• Graphite is used to hold molten metals • Gold rarely combine with other metals and fluorine
• Charcoad is used in gas masks for absorbing is highly reactive
unpleasant smells
• Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon
• Fullerences are the most recently discovered
• Hjeating coal without air produce coke which is
allotropes
used to make steel
• The main ingredient in glass making is sand, the
mineral is silical. • Bitumen (damber) is used for surfacing roads
comes from coal

• Isotopes are same chemicals but with different Alkalis are part of a group of chemicals called
physical properties bases. Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water, have
• Aircrafts are made of aluminum alloys. bitter taste and feel soapy.
• Chemical used in bettery cells is electrolyte • Alkali turns litmus paper blue.
• Sulphuric acid is used in batteries as electrolyte • Stomach produces hydrochloric acid
• In alkalin battery Anode = Zinc powder mixed with • Backing powder => Bicarbonate of Soda -> an
electrolyte and Cathode = manganese compound alkali
mixed with electrolyte • Strong acids like sulphuric acid used in factories to
• Anode = negative terminal and Cathode = positive make fertilizers, explosive, plastics, synthetic
terminal fabrics, paint, dyes, medicines, detergents, and
• Votalic Pile was the first battery made in 1799 many other chemicals.
• Fuel cells make electricity using hydrogen as a fuel • Strong alkalis => Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic
• Almost all explosives contain nitrogen. Nitrogen Soda).
compound Ammonia is the starting point of several • Sodium Hydroxide solution dissolves fats used as
explosives. oven and drain blocked cleaners.
• Calcium is a metal found in chalk, limestone and • In industry, alkalis are used in the manufacture of
marble in the form of Calcium Carbonate soap, glass, paper and textile, and in the refining of
• Beryllium is used to make cutting tools where it is crude oil.
important to avoid spark • Chemical in cell of battery is called electrolyte.
• Minerals containing beryllium don’t show up on x- • Lead metals are used in batteries.
rays, and are used for the windows of x-ray • A personal stereo used alkaline battery. In this the
machines electrodes are powders, mixed with an electrolyte to
• Magnesium is present in chlorophyll make a paste.
• Sulphur dioxide is not an odorless gas • Sulphuric acid is used in batteries are electrolyte.
• Glass is soluble in Aqua Reggie • In alkalin battery:- o Anode = Zinc powder mixed
• Fuel in an automobile is a mixture of saturated and with electrolyte. o Cathode= Manganese compound
unsaturated hydrocarbons mixed with electrolyte.
• Power of alcohol is methyl and petrol • Anode = Negative Terminal
• Lead is used in batteries • + Cathode= Positive Terminal
• The odour of garlic is due to a Sulphuric compound • Votalic pile was the first battery in 1799.
• Cabbage contains sulphur • Fuel cells make electricity-using hydrogen as a fuel.
• The strongest known acid is an 80% solution of • Carbon is the element of life.
antimony pentafluoride in hydrofluoriv acid. • Shoot is an example of amorphous carbon.
• Saffron is used to color fabrics. Cochineal red is a • Different form of the same elements is called
dye extracted from insects. allotropes.
• Crude oil and natural gas are made mostly from • Diamond is allotropic from of carbon.
hydrocarbons. • Graphite is used to hold molten metals.
When they burn CO2 is released into atmosphere • Charcoal is used in gas masks for absorbing
unpleasant smells.
• Synthetic fibers are mostly plastics make from
petroleum chemicals. • Fullerenes are the most recently discovered
allotropes.
• Lime is sometimes applied to soil in order to
• Carbon dioxide we release is comes from food we
increase the alkalinity of the soil
eat.
• BHCC Benzene Hex chloride is used for killing for • Carbohydrates = C+O+H
insects. • Protein = Nitrogen + O + H
• Opposite of acit is alkali. • Chromatography shows what’s in the colored
• Pure water has 7 P.H. coating of some sweets.
• Cola drinks contain phosphoric acid to give them • Mass spectrography is one of the most powerful
flavor. ways of analyzing different kind of chemicals.
• Bee stings contain formic acid.
• Electrophoresis = > Separation of tagged core
• People used to treat bee stings by rubbing them
fragments of DNA with radioactivity.
with bicarbonate of soda.
• Sodium Carbonate is used in making glass and in
• Acid contains Hydrogen and reacts with metals
caustic soda for making soap.
such as iron and zinc, they give off Hydrogen.
Acid turns litmus paper red.

• Heavy Chemicals => Sodium Carbonate, Caustic • Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp because of a property
Soda, Sulphuric Acid, Nitric Acid, Ammonia, of matter, called capillary action
Benzene. • Mercury metal is 13.5 times heavier than water
• Sulphuric acid is also known as ‘lifeblood of • Diamond is the purest naturally occurring crystalline
industry’ Sulphuric acid is made from sulphur by form of
contact process. Carbon
• Benzene is known as organic chemical. • Caustic soda is extensively used for making Surf.
• Oxidation -> addition of oxygen to the substance is • Charcoal Sulphur Saltpetre makes Gunpowder.
made. • Argon comes from the Greek meaning lazy
• Hydrogenation -> adding hydrogen.
• Polymerization is the reaction by which plastics are • Silver coins made from Copper and Nickel
produced. It involves the linking together of small • Kallium is the old name for which element-
molecules (monomers) to form large ones Potassium
(polymere). • Coal is formed from the remains of forests that grew
• Cracking - > large molecules are broken down into in the carboniferous period about 300 million years
small ones (used in refining petroleum). Halogens ago.
means salt like. • Half time is a time of radioactive substance taken
Chlorine combines with sodium to make salt by that substance to decompose radioactivity to half
(Sodium chloride). It is one of the halogens, a group of its weight.
of highly reactive nonmetals that are all poisonous • Calcium chloride is present in the common
in their pure forms. toothpastes as an abrasive.
• Other halogens are Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, and • Copper and tin make gunmetal.
Astatine. • Liquefied Petroleum Gas consists mainly of
• The halogen light bulbs used in cars headlamps methane, butane and propane.
have a halogen gas, usually iodine or bromine, • Magnesium is a metal extracted from the seawater.
surrounding the light filament. Halogen bulbs are • Magnetite can be used for extraction of iron.
brighter and last much longer than ordinary light • The main constituents of Pearl are calcium
bulbs. carbonate and magnesium carbonate.
• Fluoride compounds in toothpaste and drinking • Pollution in rivers is measured by the percentage of
water help to prevent tooth decay. dissolved amount of Nitrogen.
• Chlorine reacts with lots of other elements to make • Uranium is called White Coal.
some very useful compounds such as PVC, a
plastic for pipes and waterproof fabrics.
• CFC – Chlorofluoro carbons.
• Iodine (turns straight into a gas) (Sublimes) at room
temperature.
• Chlorine is used in swimming pools to kill germs
that are why swimmers use goggles.
• Carbon has two isotopes.
• Muons are particles of atom.
• Isotopes have same chemical but different physical
properties.
• Ions => In an atom, the positive electrical charges
of the protons are balanced by the negative
electrical charges of the electron. The atom is
therefore electrically neutral. However, if you add or
take away one or more electrons from an atom, it
becomes either negatively or positively charged,
such charged particles are called Ions.
• The purest naturally occurring crystalline form of
carbon: diamond
• The mixture which can dissolve platinium: Aqua
regia Steel is more elastic than rubber Marble
is metaphoric rock.

Lead and tin are used in solder. • Which acid dissolves glass- Hydrofluoric Acid.
• Caffeine, a constituent of tea and coffee is a • What colour is iridium-Steel Grey
diuretic. • What gives onions their distinctive smell- Sulphur -
• Citric Acid is used in soft drinks. taken in when growing
• A substance, which radiates light when heated to a
high temperature, is said to be incandescent. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
• Light waves are electromagnetic.
• If a solution of pH 6 is diluted by 100 times, the • 1 horse power is 745.7 watts
resulting solution would be Acidic. • 1 horse power = work equal to lifting 550 lbs of
• Acid rain is caused due to emission of oxides of weight to one foot for one second
nitrogen and sulphur. • 1 calorie is equal to 4.2 Joules
• Hydrogen iodide is used for writing on glass. • 1 barrel is equal to 159 liters
• Infrared radiation has the longest wavelength. • 6 feet = 1 fathom
• Stainless steel cooking pans are fabricated with • 1 kwh = 3.6 x 10 power 6 joules
copper bottom because conductivity of copper is A 100 watt bulb lights for 1 hour uses 100 watt hour
greater that that of stainless steel. of electricity -273 degree centigrade is called
• Sucrose is the sweetest natural sugar among absolute zero temperature. Standard pressure is
glucose, fructose and lactose. 760 mm or 14.7 lb/in2
• Lead is used in storage batteries. • Gross is equal to 12 dozens
• Nobel gases are so called due to their chemical • Mach 2 = 500 miles per hour
inertness. • 1 nautical mile = 1825 meters
• Alum is not present in cement. • Unit of pressure is Pascal
• Due to continuous use of calcium superphosphate • Force is measured in Newton (SI), Dyne (CGS)
as fertilizer in soil, the pH of soil becomes more • At -40 deg F Fahrenheit scale is equal to centigrade
than 7. scale
• Among the fertilizers used, urea contains maximum • Hertz and Angstrom are units of frequency
% of N. • Units of work and energy are Joule and Erg (CGS)
• Potassium magnesium sulphate is called the • Diopter is unit of power of lens
muraite of potash. • Unit is density is kg/m3
• Sodium acetate salt when dissolved in water makes • Unit of power is watt, BTU (British Thermal Unit)
the solution basic. • Unit of electric charge is Coulomb
• Yellow colour of usual nitric acid is due to the • Unit of voltage is volt
presence of N2O5. • Unit of electric resistance is ohm
• Unit of capacitance is Farad
• Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element on
• Unit of magnetic flux is Weber, Tesla
earth.
• Nitrogen and carbon are most essential for building • Unit of radio activity is Becquerel
cells in the human body. • Unit of luminous intensity is candle, lux
• Unit of crude oil is Barrel
• Among the sedimentary rocks, limestone is of
• Unit of volume of water is cusec, cubic/sec
organic origin.
• Unit of admittance is Mho
• Red Hematite is an ore of iron.
• Unit of intensity or loudness of sound is bel
• Radiocarbon dating is used to find the age of
• Unit of viscosity is Poise
fossils.
• Unit of flight speed is Mach I
• Which of the following is used as raw material for
the manufacture of rayon? Cellulose • Unit of atmospheric pressure is milli bar
• Unit of wave length of light is Angstrom
• Saponification is the process that makes what
• Unit of energy is Electron volt
common product:
• Unit of brightness is Lambert
Soap
• Unit of luminous flux is Lumen
• If an alloy is an amalgam what metal must it • Intensity of illumination or unit of luminosity is Lux,
contain-Mercury An example of inorganic Candela and
compound is carbon monoxide. Candle power
• ATP is a molecule containing high-energy bonds. • Unit of magnetic pole strength is Weber
• Sand, Soda and what are the main ingredients of • Unit of RAD (Radiation Absorbed Dose) is Gray
glass-
Limestone
• Unit of Electric Current is Ampere Unit of • What is measured on the Gay-Lussac scale:
inductance is Henry Unit of conductance is Alcohol strength
siemens. • Chronometer is used to measure time
• Unit of heat is Joule, Calorie, BTU (British Thermal • Anemometer is used to measure Wind Speed
Unit) • The clusec is the unit measuring the power of what
• Radio activity is measured in currie Vacuum pumps
• Rutherford: strength of radioactivity • One million cycles per second is called Megahertz.
• Torr: pressure • 0.200 grams are equal to one carat.
• Fermi: length [A unit of length equal to one • Voltammeter is an electrolytic cell for conducting
femtometer (10-15 meter)] electrolytic dissociation of electrolyte. 8 furlongs
• Sved berg unit: sedimentation rate make one mile.
• Dioptre: power of lense • A billion contain 1000 million. It has 9 zeroes.
• Mho: conductivity Similarly a trillion has 12 zeroes, a quadrillion 15
• Henry: inductance zeroes, a quintillion 18 zeroes and a decillion 33
• Maxwell: magnetic flux zeroes.
• Becquerel: radioactivity • One inch is equal to 2.5400 cms and one mile is
• Kilo watt hour: power equal to
• Coulomb: unit of electrical charge 1.6093 kms.
• Weber: unit of magnetic flux • One micron is equal to One-thousandth of a
• Tesla: unit of magnetic flux density millimeter.
• Siemen: unit of conductance • 2.47105 acres is equal to what SI unit-Hectare.
• Rutherford: unit of rate of decay of radioactive • What word describes one tenth of a nautical mile-
material Cable
Faraday: unit of electric charge • What is measured on the Torro scale-Tornados
• Angstrom: unit of length, used especially to specify • Unit of sound named after- Alexander Graham Bell -
radiation wavelengths Decibel The density Smoke is measured on the
• Parsec: unit of astronomical length Rngelmann scale- Unit of electromotive force in
• Degree: unit of measurement of an angle Volt.
Steradian: Unit of solid angle measurement Dyne • Power is measured in Watts (w).
is a unit of Force. • Resistance was discovered by Girge Ohm in 1826,
• SI unit of pressure is Pascal. and is measured in ohms.
• Curie is a unit of: radioactivity • Electricity does not flow through a circuit by itself. It
• Pascal Sound Pressure needs a ‘push’, or energy, to keep it moving. We
• Torr Pressure call this energy the voltage of the circuit. Voltage is
• Curie Intensity of radioactivity measured in volts (v).
• Angstrom Unit of length • The German scientist George Ohm (1787-1854) is
• Light year The distance light travels in a year best remembered for working out ohm’s law. He
• Dioptre Lens refractive power discovered that they voltage across a conductor
• Horse power Unit of Power such as a trip of metal or a wire – and the current
• Radian Unit of angular measure following through it always vary in the same
• Candela Unit of luminous intensity proportion. So if you double the voltage, you double
• Mole unit of amount of substance the current. This is incredibly useful; because it lets
you predict the current you will get for a particular
• What is measured in units called phon- Sound 192
voltage.
What is measured in grains - four grains to a
The thickness of silk is measured in what- Denier
carat- Pearls Unit of electromotive force in Volt.
• Ohm’s law does not apply to semiconductors and
What is the SI unit of illumination -Lux Gross is conductors when there is change in temperature.
equal to 12 dozen.
• In our houses we get 220 V a.c. The value of 220 V
• Ozone is measured in percent age. represents the effective voltage.
• An object traveling at Mach 2 is traveling
approximately at 500 mph. (Check it) • One unit of electric power is consumed when 10 A
of current flows for 1 hour at 100 V. 1 Unit = 1 kw hr
= 1000 w hr = 100 x
10 x 1 hr bromine. Use: as solvents, as aerosol propellants, in
• If the same note is played on a flute and a sitar, one refrigeration. It is commonly used in refrigerator.
can still distirguish b/w them because they differ in
quality. RAYS AND WAVES
• A negatively charged glass rod has always less
protons than electrons. • Gamma rays are considered the death rays.
• The wavelength of the X-rays is of the order of 0.1 • Gamma rays travel with the velocity of light
nanometer. • Gamma rays have maximum penetrating power
• Red, green and blue are known as primary colours. • Shortest wavelength among alpha, beta and gamma
These are colours, which cannot be produced by is of gamma rays
mixing with other colours. • Laser rays are used in micro surgery
• Scattering of light ___ the duration of the day • Alpha radiations produce burns on human body
(make) Newton proved that sunlight consists of different
• Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp on account of a colors Beta rays are fast moving electrons.
property of matter called Capillary Action • Color with shortest wavelength is Blue
• a primary cell can ___ be charged again (not) • Violet have shortest wave length and Red has
• When a person can see nearer objects but not the longest wavelength (vibgyor)
distant ones he is said to be suffering from: • Red light’s wave length is 11800 waves/cm (infra
nearsightedness (myopia) ATP is a molecule red)
containing high-energy bonds. • Least deviated color in prism is red
• An example of inorganic compound is carbon • Greatest deviated color in prism is indigo (Check
monoxide. violet)
• The time period of a pendulum on moon increases. • Violet light’s wave length is 23600 waves/cm (ultra
• Clinical thermometer usually measures in violet)
Fahrenheit. • Ultraviolet rays are less than 3000 deg: A
• Tube light emits radiation even after it is • Greatest value of wavelength is of infra red Visible
disconnected. It is due to Fluorescence. waves are between 400-700 nanometers.
• Shortsightedness can be corrected with the use of • MOTE = Million Tons of oil equivalent
Concave. Rectifier converts AC into DC • REM = Roentgen equivalent in man
• Atomic weight of chemical compounds is determined • Transverse waves can only be produced in solids
by Mass spectroscopy. • Longitudinal waves can be produced in solids,
• Atomic pile is a place where nuclear fission is made. liquids and gases
• Drinker’s apparatus is for measuring the amount of • On passing thought food stuff, x-ray can kill bacteria
Alcohol in the blood. • Violet color of light t ravel thought glass with
• Dewar’s flask is called as thermos. minimum speed There is no wavelength of light for
• The conversion of gases into liquid under high color brown.
pressure and low temperature is called regulation. • White light is a mixture of all the colors in the
• If a green leaf is seen in a red light its color will be rainbow. Blue has the shortest wavelength and
black. red the longest.
• merge of VIBGYOR from one side of the prism is • Radio waves also come from sun and outer space.
due to refraction and dispersion of light. Astronomers use radio telescope to hear them.
• Oxidation is the process in which electron is lost. • Radar uses microwaves.
• Half time is a time of radioactive substance taken by • Anything that is warm produces infrared waves
that substance to decompose radioactivity to half of including us.
its weight. The hotter the thing the more IR.
• Light energy is stored in the form of chemical energy • Infrared waves are used in TV remote control.
due to the activity of Chloroplast. • X-rays have shorter wavelength and more energy
• Sunlight is composed of seven colours than ultraviolet rays.
• Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp on account of a • Gamma rays come from radioactive materials. They
property of matter called Capillary Action are used to kill cancers.
• What is a Fata Morgana- Type of Mirage • Without exposure to ultraviolet light our bodies
would not be able to make vitamin D.
• Freon-trademark for any of a number of chemical • UHF, ultra high frequency are radio waves used for
compounds containing fluorine, and often chlorine or TV broadcast
• Microwaves are used in radar, mobile phones, • In diesel engine ignition takes place by compression
microwave oven, communication network • A radar uses radio waves to detect enemy aircraft
• Each light color is of different wavelength. • Law of floating bodies was given by Archimedes
• Red light has the longest wavelength while violet Particle with +ve charge but mass equal to electron
light has the shortest. is positron Nucleus of an atom has +ve charge.
• Waves with a longer wavelength than red light are Bosons are Photons and Mesons
invisible they are called infrared waves. • There is no neutron in the atom of hydrogen
• Invisible Ultraviolet wave have wavelength shorter • Quark is an atomic particle. Scientists think that
than violet light. proton and neutrons are themselves made of still
Red, Blue, Green are prime colors. smaller particles called
Red + Blue + Green = white quarks
The wavelength of visible light is between • Muttons are particles of atom
1350-2500 An object that reflects all the light • John Dalton, an English scientist, gave Atomic
looks white. Theory in 1803 describing atom as the smallest unit
• Loudspeaker converts electrical energy into sound of an element
energy. Light coloured clothes are generally worn • Gas in children’ s balloon is Helium
in summer • Weight of electron = 9.1 x 10 power -31 kg
• The electrical device which transform voltage: • Charge on electron = 1.6 x 10 power -19 coulomb
transformer • Weight of proton = 1.66 x 10 power -27 kg
• A nuclear reaction in which two or more than two • Charge on proton = 1.6 x 10 power -19 coulomb A
lighter nuclear are fused together to form a relatively proton is 1836 times heavier than an electron
heavier one: nuclear fusion • Ordinarily and atom is a neutral particle
• The three colours combination which produces the • Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealander, in 1908
sensation of white light: Red green and blue discovered Atomic
• The clear sky looks blue because of dispersion of Nucleus
light • Speed of sound is faster in hot air than in cold air
• When light waves travel from air to glass the
wavelength and velocity variables are affected.
• Electrical lines of forces are imaginary.
• Frequency distinguishes ultrasound from normal
audible sound.
Its f > 20,000 Hz.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• Theory of mutation was propounded by Hygo de

Vries.
• A theory of acquired character was given by
Lamark.
• Charles Darwin is famous for his theory of struggle
for existence and survival of the fittest.
• Sigmund Freud is called as the father of modern
psychiatry and psychology.
• Energy stored in stretched spring is Elastic Potential
energy
• Energy stored in fossil fuels is chemical energy
• Radio waves are Electromagnetic waves
• A.C voltage is analogue quantity
• Optical fibers work on polarization of
electromagnetic waves
• Condenser is used to collect the charge
• Ultrasonic are sound waves of high frequency = • Us inventor Samuel More developed the system of
12000 cycles/sec and higher dots and dashes of telegraph that was known as
• Sound travels faster in moist air than in dry air Morse Code
• Sound travels more rapidly in solids • Scientist now think that protons and Neutrons are
• Maximum limit of sound beyond which a man can themselves made of still smaller particles called
become deaf is 129 decibel quarks.
• Audible sound is 20-20,000 cycles/second • Portable gadgets = Mobile phones and portable
• Inaudible sound >20,000 cycles/second TVs.
• Velocity of sound at 0 deg: C is 331.7 m/s • Derailleur gears are used in Bicycles.
• Echo can only be produces when the distance of the • Motor – cross race is for motorcycles.
obstacle is at least 17 meters • Cantilever brake used in Bicycle.
• When we hear a sound, its impressions remain in • Speed of light 300,000 kilometers per second.
our ear for • Engineers use electronic theodolite and range finder
1/10th of a second to measure the distance and angle to calibrated
staff.
• Image persists for about 1/10th of second in our eye
• For creating a persistence of vision, pictures are • Centigrade and Celsius temperatures are same
projected at the rate of 10 or more/sec below freezing point.
• Nuclear Energy is not a source of alternative • Which instrument is used to measure pressure?
energy. Manometer
• Videotape used in camcorders to record audio and The velocity of light was first measured by Olaf
video signal employee fine grains of iron oxide. Roemer
Centigrade and fahrenheit scales gives same
• Temperature inside a refrigerator is 40 deg: F The
readings at 32
laws of reflection were first discovered by a al-
degrees
Hazen 0.200 grams are equal to one carat. The first European scientist who refuted the belief
• One million cycles per second is called Megahertz. that the earth was the centre of the universe was
• Carbon fiber is made by heating textile fibers. These Copernicus. Mobile phones transmit message using
are used in tennis rackets and racing yacht radio-type waves called microwaves
• Catalytic converter reduce the harmful fumes the • Super conductors are also strong diamagnetic this
engine emits means they strongly repel magnets.
• If you double the voltage you double the current • Super conductors are used in very fast computers
(Ohm’s law) and also in trains like Maglevs.
• What product uses the most silver-Camera Film
• Electronic theodolite and range finder measures and
• The speed of sound depends on the medium
distance and angle.
through which the waves are passing. The speed of
sound in gases depends on what? Density • A fluorescent light is a glass tube containing gas,
which produces UV light when current passed
• Two or more molecules of carbohydrates are linked
trough it. Tube is coated with phosphor, which glows
together through glycosidic bond
when UV hits it.
• peptide bond b\w amino acids, joined to form
• Liver to make bile, which is stored in gall bladder,
proteins, is the linkage b/w N and C
uses some of the chemicals from the recycle of old
• An android is any robot that: has the ability to make cells.
decisions and formulate plans
• Which is lighter, gold or plastic? Plastic
• Semaphores were used between sailors for many • Lasers are a special source of light called coherent
years to communicate between ships light this means all the light waves are in step with
• One of the first long distance communication system each other and travel in same direction
invented in • Laser produce light of one particular wavelength
1790 was the semaphores towers and it is s single, pure color.
• Telegraph was invented in 1821 Telephone was • The first hologram was make in 1962
invented in1876 • Laser = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission
of Radiation

• Quartz-halogen bulbs are used in overhead • Water expands as it freezes to ice. This makes ice
projectors and spotlights less dense than water, which causes ice to float.
• Helium is uses to fill airships and balloons • Heat flows in three ways conduction, convection
• Helium is used to pressurize hydrogen fuel in and radiation A concave lens is used for the
rockets and the air in diver’s air tanks correction of the Hyperphobia Silver metal has the
• Apart from radon, which is radioactive, the noble highest electrical conductivity.
gases are used in lighting. • Mohr’s scale hardest substance is diamond - what's
• The noble gases have very low boiling points. the softest: Talc
• Liquid helium is the coldest substance. A gas only
becomes liquid at -268.9 deg: C Combustion is a VARIOUS SCIENCES
kind of oxidation reaction.
• At room temperature the particles in air travel at • Taxidermy means stuffing dead animals
around 1800 km/h the same speed as a bullet fires • Stenography means short hand writing
from a rifle. • Psoriasis is a learning disability
• Generators convert mechanical energy into • Paleontology is study of fossils.
electrical energy. • Hematology is the study of blood.
• The principle behind the generator is • Study of earth is geology
electromagnetic induction. • Acoustics is the science of sound Cytology is the
It was discovered by Michael Faraday. study of cell Entomology is the study of insects.
• Lovell telescope is at Jodrell Bank the site for space • Apiculture is science of bee keeping
observatory • Ornithology is the science of birds
• Nicolous Copernicus (1473-1543) was born in • Philology is the science of languages
Poland and was the first to explain the solar system. • Oncology is the study of cancer
• Derailleur gear are used in bicycles • Exobiology is the study of life in outer space
• Cantilever brake is also used in bicycles • Numismatics is the study of coins
• Static electricity makes a balloon stick to the wall • Eugenics is the study of altering humans by
after you have rubbed it on your hair. changing their genes or it refers to Improvement of
• John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley human race
in 1947 used a semiconductor called germanium to • Ethology is the study of animal behavior
make the world’s first transistor. • Anthropology is the study of origin and physical and
• A diode conducts electricity easily in one direction cultural development of mankind
but resists the flow of electricity in the other. • Carpology is the study of fruits and seeds.
• A capacitor stores electric charge. Capacitors are • Pathology deals with diseases
important components for making timers. • Histology deals with organic tissues
• Capacitors are used in filtering circuits like treble • Pedology is the study of soil
and bass in hifi • Cryogenics deals with the production, control and
• Transistors can be used as logic gates application of low temperatures
• Energy value of food items is expressed in kilojoules • Seismology is study of movements inside earth’s
(kj) or thousands of joules. crust Ailurophobe is fear of animals Pyrophobia
• British scientist James Prescott Joule discovered is fear of fire.
the principle of conservation of energy. • Ambidextrous is one who can write with both hands.
• Which one of the following statements regarding • Astrophysics is a branch of astronomy, which deals
sound is true? with the physical and chemical nature of heavenly
Its source is always a vibrating material. bodies.
• Weight of an object put in a satellite orbiting in • . A etiology is the study of causes of disease.
space around the earth is reduced to zero Concho logy is the study of shells.
• Movie camera take pictures at rate of 24 pictures Cryptology is the study of codes.
per second Dendrology is the study of trees.
• Density of water is 1 Ergonomics is the study of relationships between
people and their working environment.

• Graphology is the study of handwriting. • What is a nidologist interested in-Birds nests
Ichthyology in the study of fish. What is philography- Autograph collecting
• Psychological study of life in artificial environment is Agronomy is the science of soil management.
called biopsy. • Penology is the study, theory and practice of prison
• Forms and features are studies under the branch of management & criminal rehabilitation.
Marphology. • Chemical preservation of dead organisms in liquid is
• Paleontology is the study of fossils. called Cryo-Bilogy.
• Phycology is the study of Algae. • Orthoepy is the study of what-Word pronunciation
• Mycology is the study of fungi. • What does a philologist study- Languages
• The art of compiling dictionary is called • Chlama domonas is unicellular plant
Lexicography.
• Anthropology is the study of man.
• Cartography is the art of making maps and charts.
• Philately is hobby of stamp collecting. DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS
• The branch of zoology, which deals with the study of
insects is called entomology • Galileo was first to discover rotation of earth
• The production of generally identical reproduction is • Photography was invented by Mathew Barry
called as • Albert Sabin invented Polio vaccine (oral)
Cloning • Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev (Russian) published
• A petrologist studies what- Rocks history formation his first version of periodic table in 1869.
etc • X-ray machine was invented by James Clark
• An onomastician studies what - Names Arthur Campton discovered x-rays and Cosmic rays.
• Thanatology is the study of what Death • Chadwick discovered Neutron
• The study of human population is called • Telescope was invented by Galileo
Demography.
• Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
• What does an otologist study-The ear and its • Noble gases discovered by Cavendish
diseases
• Gun powder was first invented in China
• Noologists study what-The Mind
• Velocity of light was measured by Michelson
• Semiology is the study of what-Signals
• Archimedes gave laws about Floatation of Bodies
• What is silviculture-Forestry
• Balloon fly up in air according to Archimedes’s
• What is Xylography-Wood Engraving
principle
• Paleontology is the science of history of life.
• Dr. Christian Bernard was first to perform heart
• Meteorology is the study of study of weather. transplant in 1967 in cape town (SA)
• Cryptography is the study, which deals with the
• First man to receive artificial heart was Dr. Barney
secret writing.
B. Clark
• Hydroponics means cultivation of the plants without
• Barometer was invented by Pascal
use of soil.
• Robert Hook discovered Cell in 1665
• Hyetology is the study of rainfall.
• Aspirin discovered by Dresser
• Mycology is the study of fungus and fungi diseases.
• Atomic theory given by Dalton
• Numismatics is the study of coins.
• Atomic number given by Mosley
• Petrology is the study of rocks in the earth’s crust.
• Bacteria by Leeunhock
• Amniocentesis is a method for determination of
• Blood circulation by William Harvey
foetal sex.
• Calculus by Newton
• What is Steganography: Invisible ink writing
• Co2 by Fishcer
• Ichthyologists study what Fish
• Chlorine by K. Scheele
• What does a psephologist study: Voting – Elections
• Oxygen by Priestley
• What is studied in Aerology-Planet Mars
• Hydrogen by Cavandish
• What does a philologist study- Languages
• Super conductor by Bendnorz and Muller in 1987
• Orthoepy is the study of what-Word pronunciation
and were awarded Nobel Prize
• A philomath has a love of what- Learning
• Eli Whitney invented cotton gin.
• Chloroform by Guthrie
• Deuterium by Harlod • Electric vaccum cleaner by James Spangler
• Dynamite by Alfred B. Nobel • Electromagnet by William Sturgeon
• DNA by Watson Crick • Electron Microscope by Vladimir Zwryin
• Gene by Johanson • Microscope (compound) by Janessen and Leeuhock
• Chromosomes by Waldyar • Flying shuttle by Johan Kay
• Electric resistance by Ohm • Gun powder by Roger Bacon
• Electrolysis by Faraday • Gas engine (four cycle) by Otto and Daimler
• Electron by J.J. Thomson in 1897 • Helicopter by Sikorsky
• Neutron by Chadwick • Interneral combustion engine by Daimler
• Proton by Rutherford • Jet engine by Frank Whittle
• Positron by Anderson • Knitting Machine by William Lee
• Ozone by Echonbein • Lamp (incadecent) by Thomas Edision
• Planetary motion by Kepler Montgoflier invented balloon.
• Radioactivity by Bacquerel Radium by Currie • Talbot invented photographic paper.
Insulin by Banting & Best. • Dickenson invented paper machine.
• Human heart transplant by Bernard • Blanchard invented parachute.
• Vaccine (measles) by Peebles • Colt’s invention is pistol.
• Vaccine (polio) by Salk • Howe was the inventor of sewing machine.
Vaccine (rabies) by Louis Pasteur • Lamp (mercury) by Hewit
Vaccine (small pox) by Edward Jenner • Laser (practical) by Gordon Gould
Cause of Malaria was discovered by Ronald Ross • Laser (operable) by T.H.Mainman
Adding machine invented by Pascal • Machine gun by Gatling
• Atom Bomb by Otto Hahn • Match (safety) by Pasch
Air Brake by George Washington
• Air Conditioning by H. Carier
• Airplane (with motor) by Wright Bothers
• Airplane (jet engine) by Ohain
• Automobile (electric) by William Morrison
• Automobile (differential gear) by Benz
• Bakelite by Leo Hendricks Backland
• Balloon by Mont Golfer
• Barometer by Torricelli
• Bicycle (modern) by Starley
• Bifocal lens by Benjamin Franklin
• Burner (gas) by Bunsen
• Calculating machine (digital) by Charles Babbage
• Camera (photographic) by Josef N. Niepce
• Carburetor by Daimler
• Cement by Joseph Aspidin
• Circuit breaker by Hilliard
• Computer (electronic) by J.P.Eckert and
J.W.Mauckly Diesel engine by Rudolf Diesel
Eastman Kodak invented digital camera.
• Gas engine by Daimler
• Electric fan by wheeler
• Electric flat iron by Henry Sealy
• Electric generator by Hippolyte Pixie
• Electric motor by Michael Faraday
• Motor A.C by Tesla
• Motor D.C by Devin Port
• Electric shaver by W.S. Hadaway

• Microphone by Graham Bell • Electron was discovered in 1897.
• Motion pictures (camera) by Edison • Oxygen was discovered in 1774. Tomas A
• Motor cycle by Daimler Edison was American.
• Motor scooter by Bradsha X-rays and Cosmic rays were discovered by Arthur
• Parachute by Garnerin Compton.
• Pen (fountain) by Waterman Printing press was invented by Johann Gutenberg.
• Pen (ball-point) John Loud Biro Gramophone was invented by Emile Berliner.
• Photoelectric cell by Julius Elster • Blood pressure was discovered by William Harvey.
• Piano by Christopher • Magnifying glass was invented by Roger Bacon.
• Printing press (screw type) by Guten Berg • Insulin was discovered by Banting.
• Radar by Watson Watt • Michael Faraday invented Electric Motor in
• Railway (electric) by Werner Siemens belonged to England.
• Razor safety by Gillette • ECG invented by Einthogen.
• Razor (electric) by Jacob Schick • Columbus Day is observed on 2 nd Monday in
• Refrigerator by Ferdinand Carre October.
• Revolver by Samuel Solt • In 1774 Oxygen was discovered by Priestly.
• Rifle by August Kotter • In 1589 William Lee invented knitting machine.
• Rifle (automatic) by John Moses Browning • More than 2000 years ago a Roman Ruler Julius
• Rocket Engine by Goddard Caesar invented the calendar that we use today.
• Safety pin by Walter Hunt • Lipstick was first introduced in 1915 in America.
• Sewing Machine by Elias Howe and Thomas Saint • Zippers were introduced in 1890.
• Stainless steel by Herry Brearley • China was discovered by Marco Polo.
• Stream boat by Abbans • Sea route from Europe to India was discovered by
• Submarine by Holland Vasco-deGama.
• Tank military by Swinton
• Darfur conflict is in Sudan.
• Telephone by Graham Bell
• Canada was discovered by Jacques Cartier.
• Radio by Marconi
• Australia was discovered by William Jon zoon.
• Telescope (reflecting) by Galileo
• Parachute was invented by L.S Lenormand in
• Telescope (refracting) by Newton
1783.
• Television (mechanical) by J.L. Baird
• Box Camera was invented by G.Eastman in 1988.
• Television (electric) by Fransworth
Electric Generator was invented by Hippolyte
• Thermometer by Galilo
Pixil in the year 1832. He belonged to France.
• Termomter (mercury) by Farhenheit
• Tractor by Robert Keeley • In 1907 Electric Washing Machine was invented by
• Transformer by William Stanley an American named A.J 1916.
• Transistor by William Shockley • Motorcycle was invented by Gottlieb Daimler in
• Type writer by Henry Mill 1885, he belonged to Germany.
• Washing machine (electric) by Alva Fisher • First person to reach North Pole was Robert
• Washing machine (manual) by Hamilton E. Smith E.Peray.
• Welding (electric) by E. Thomson • Dynamo was invented by Faraday in the year of
• Zipper (meshed tooth) by Gideon Sundback 1831.
Celcius devised Centrigrade scale Bacteria were • On 14th Dec 1911 South Pole was discovered by
Armunden.
discovered by Louis Pasture.
• America was discovered by Christopher Columbus
• Ramsay discovered inert gas.
in 1492, he belonged to Italy.
• Proton was discovered by Goldstein
• Who is credited with the development of polio • Sea route to India was discovered by Vasco da
vaccine? Jonas Gama in 1498, he belonged to Protugese.
Salk • Sandwich Island (now called Hawaiian Island) was
• Christopher Cockerel invented what: Hovercraft discovered by Captain cook in 1770, he belonged
• The electric chair was invented by a dentist to English.
• Bardeen and Brattin discovered Semiconductor • Suez Canal was designed by French Engineer
• What was invented by James Dewer in 1872: Ferdiand de Lesseps in 1869.
Vacuum or thermos flask • Solar System was discovered by Copernicus in
• Atom Bomb (Uranium Fission) was invented by 1540, he belonged to Poland.
Otto Hahn in 1941.
• Planery motion was discovered by Kepler in 1600, • In 1897 J.J Thomson discovered electron, negative
he belonged to Germany. charges.
• Artificial radioactivity was discovered by Madam • In 1911 Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealander living
Joliet and Irene Curie in 1934. in Britain, carried out experiment with atomic
• Atomic number were discovered by Mosley in particles.
1913. Atomic theory was given by Dalton in • Scientist use enormous machine called particle
1803. accelerator to discover and find out about
• Who invented wax paper- Thomas Edison subatomic particles.
• Atomic Structure was studied by Bohr and • Ernest Rutherford in 1908, with the equipment
Rutherford in 1913. Circumference of the earth discovered the atomic nucleus.
was calculated by Jean Picard. • Hans Geiger (1882-1945) invented the Geiger
• Current Electricity was invented by Volta in 1800, Counter used to measure radioactivity.
he belonged to Italy. • The scientist who designed the first internal
• Cause of yellow fever was discovered by Reed in combustion engine used to burn low-grade fuel.
1900. Discovery of Oxygen was made by Francois Isaac de Rivaz
J.Priestly in 1774. • The scientist who discovered water: Antoine
• Deuterium (Heavy Hydrogen) was discovered by Lavoisier (Chk)
H.C Urey in 1932. • Nitric acid__ acid was discovered by Jabbar bin
• Discovery of Electron was made by J.J Thomson in Hayyan.(HCL was also discovered by him)
1897. • What calculating aid was invented by William
• Dynamite was made my Alfred Noble, he belonged Oughtred in 1662:
to Sweden. Slide Rule
• Fundamental laws of electrical attraction was made • What was invented by James Dewer in 1872:
by Coulomb. Vacuum or thermos flask
• Hydrogen was discovered by Cavendish in 1766. • Fredrick Sanger discovered which medical life
• Induction of electric current was discovered by saver: Insulin Who invented Scissors-Leonardo
Michaed Farraday in 1841. Da Vinci
• Incandescent bulb was made by Edison in 1860. • In 1902 What did Mary Anderson invent-
• Intelligence tests were made by Binet in 1905. Windscreen Wipers
• Laughing gas (Nitrous oxide) was discovered by • The technique to produce the first test tube baby
Priestly.: was evolved by Patrick Stepote and Robert
• Chromosomes were discovered by Hofmeister. Edwards Sumiton invented Tank.
• Otto Hahm invented A.Bomb. • The very first electric light was invented in Scotland
• Wright Brothers invented Aeroplane. in 1835 by James Lindsay.
• W. Shockley discovered transistor. • The molecular theory of matter was experimentally
• Christian Barnard was pioneer in heart testified by Robert Brown.
transplantation. The theory of inheritance of acquired characters
• William Harvey discovered Circulation of blood. was
• Ramsay discovered inert gas. propounded by J.B. Lamarck
• Aristotle was the first to classify animals into What was invented by Dr Edward Land in 1947:
groups. Polaroid Dr. James Watson discovered the
• Theophrastus is regarded as the father of botany. structure of DNA in 1953.
• Hydrogen was discovered by Henry Cavandish. • Watson and Crick gave structure of DNA.
• Proton was discovered by Goldstein. Air conditioner invented by "willis H. carrier"U.S. in
• Thomson discovered electron. 1902.
• Commercial cork is obtained from Quercus. • Camera (photographic) has been invented by
• Bacteria were discovered by Louis Pasture. "Joseph N.
• In 1803, the English Scientist John Dalton Niepce"France in 1822.
described the atom as the smallest unit of an • The scientist who designed the first internal
element. combustion engine used to burn low-grade fuel.
Etienne Lenoir

Gay Lussac—Law of gases.
Pioneers in Science Gauss—System of absolute electric measurements.
Good Year—Discovered the art of vulcanising
Anderson—Discovered positive electrons. rubber.
Archimedes—Discovery of the Principles of lever Herschel, William—Discovered the Planet—Uranus.
and of specific gravity; invention of the famous Hertz—Electrical waves.
Archimedean screw. Hippalus—Founder of scientific astronomy.
Avogadro—An Italian scientist known for Avogadro’s Hoffmann—Discovered the first aniline dye.
Hypothesis. Kelvin, Lord—Dynamical theory of heat.
Bacquerel—Radioactivity of uranium. Khorana, Dr Hargobind—Deciphering the genetic
Baird—Television. code.
Baron Napier—Logarithms. Kodak—Film and photographic goods.
Benjamin Franklin—Invented lightning conductor. Lablanc—Manufacture of washing soda.
Bessemer—Steel-smelting process. Lawrence—Invention of cyclotron.
Bhabha, Dr H.J.—Research in Cosmic rays and Lockyer—Helium gas.
Quantum theory. Louis Braille—Perfected his system of reading and
Binet—Intelligence Test. writing for the blind.
Birbal Sahni—Researches in Botany. Marconi—Wireless telegraphy; radio.
Bose, J.C.—Invented Crescograph and published Maria-Montessori—‘Montessori’ method of teaching
many works on plant physiology. He discovered that children.
plants have sense and perception. Maxwell—Electro-magnetic Theory of Light.
Bose, S.N.—Discovery of a group of nuclear Meghnad Saha—Effect of pressure on Radiation
particles named after him “Boson”. through bodies.
Boyle—Boyle’s law; Pressure x volume = constant at Mendel—Laws of heredity.
a constant given temperature. Boyle was the greatest Mandeleev—Periodic Table.
scientist of England in his time. Morse—Morse system of electric telegraphy.
Bohr—Electron Theory—Atomic structure. Newton—Laws of gravitation; Law of Motion.
Braun, Dr Wernher von—space flying. Nobel—Dynamite.
Bunsen—Invention of the spectroscope. Oliver Lodge—Physicist. Researches in wireless
Carothers—Nylon plastics. communications.
Cavendish—Discovery of chemical composition of Oppenheimer—Researches in atomic theory.
water; discovery of hydrogen (Inflammable Air); ‘rare Otto Hahn—Discovery of uranium fission.
gases’. Parkes—Celluloid.
Chadwick—Discovery of the neutron. Parsons—Steam turbine.
Chandrasekhar—Mathematical Astrophysics. Pavlov—Theory of Conditioned Reflex.
Charles Darwin—Theory of Evolution; Origin of Perkin—‘Mauve dye’.
Species. Pitman—Founded the Pitman system of
Clarke, Arthur C. —Concept of Geostationary Orbit. phonographic shorthand.
Curie, Madame—Discovery of radium. Planck—Quantum theory.
Dalton—Atomic theory; laws of chemical Plimsoll—Introduced a line of demarcation on the
combination; law of partial pressures; the law of ships beyond which the ships cannot be loaded.
multiple proportions. Priestley—Discovery of Oxygen.
Democritus—Greek philosopher—(Atomic theory). Raman, C.V.—“Raman Effect” on polarisation of light
Dewar—Invented cordite, liquid oxygen and and theories on crystals and diamond formation.
introduced thermos flask. Ramanathan—Molecular scattering of light in fluids.
Einstein—Theory of relativity. Ramanujam—A great Indian mathematician.
Euclid—Science of geometry. Ramsay—Discovery of Inert gases such as Argon,
Fahrenheit—Fahrenheit mercury thermometric scale Neon, and Helium etc.
in which freezing point is –32° and boiling point is Ray, P.C.—Researches in chemistry.
212°. Regnault—Experiments in regard to the physical
Faraday—Electromagnetic induction and laws of properties of bodies and their relation to heat.
electrolysis. Roger Bacon—Gun powder.
Fermi—Discovered artificial splitting of atoms. Rontgen—Discovery of X-rays.
Freud—Doctrine of Psychoanalysis. Rohmkorff—Induction coil.

Rutherford—Atomic Research; succeeded in Watt, Robert Watson—Radar.
splitting the atom for the first time in 1918. W. & O. Wright (Wright Brothers)—
Shalimar—Paints. Aeroplane (1903). Waterman—Fountain
Stephenson—British engineer and pioneer in pen. Zeiss—Lenses; Camera.
Railways. He was the first to put a locomotive on the
line that was able to draw a train of 31 carriages. Pioneers in Medical Inventions and
Thomson, J.J.—Discovered electron. Discoveries
Travers—Discovery of Neon gas (Working with
Ramsay). Banting—Insulin (as a palliative for diabetes).
Urey—Discovery of Heavy Hydrogen. Barnard, Christian—Replacing the human heart.
Volta—Current electricity and electric battery. Brahmchari, U.M.—Cure of Kala-a-zar fever.
Davy—Isolation of metals by electricity; studied
Pioneers in Mechanical Inventions and properties of chlorine.
Domagk—Sulpha drugs as bactericides.
Discoveries Eijkman—Cause of Beri-Beri.
Finsen—Discovered curative effect of ultra violet
Austin—Motor Car. rays; photography.
Fleming, Alexander—Penicillin (in 1929).
Bell, Graham—Telephone.
Harvey—Circulation of blood.
Berliner—Microphone.
Hahnemann—Homoeopathy (founder).
Brequet—Helicopter.
Hopkins, Frederick Gowland—Vitamin D.
Bushwell—Submarine.
Jenner—Smallpox Vaccination.
Caxton—Printing Press.
Koch—Tubercle Bacillus.
Colt—Revolver.
Lainnec—Stethoscope.
Daimler—Gas engine.
Lister, Lord—Antiseptic treatment.
Davy—Miner’s Safety Lamp.
Pasteur, Louis—Treatment of rabies; cure of
Diesel—Internal Combustion engine (Diesel engine).
hydrophobia.
Dunlop—Pneumatic tyre.
Edison—First electric bulb and gramophone.
Faraday—Dynamo.
Fick—Law of Diffusion—Fick’s Law.
Frank Whittle—Jet propulsion.
Fulton—Stream boat.
Galileo—Telescope.
Gillette—Safety razor.
Guttenburg—Art of Printing.
Hoe—Rotary Printing Press.
Howe—Sewing Machine.
Huygens—Pendulum clock.
James Watt—Steam engine (patented in 1769).
Landstrom, J.E.—Safety Matches.
Macmillan—Bicycle (1842).
Mauser—Magazine of rifle.
Mercator—Celestial and a
terrestrial globe. Montgolfier—
Balloon (1883) Pascal—
Calculating Machine. Puckle,
James—Machine gun Shockley—
Transistor.
Sholes—Typewriter.
Stephenson—Railway engine.
Swinton—Military tank.
Torricelli—Barometer.
Ronald Ross—Malaria Parasite. • RBC and WBC is bloods are counted by
Salk, Jonas E. —Anti-polio Vaccine. Hemocytometer.
Simpson and Harrison—Chloroform. • Manometer is the instrument of measuring gas
Waksman—Streptomycin. pressure.
• Spectrometer instrument for measuring the
spectrum of light.
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS • The variation in the blood flow can be heard with an
instrument called _ stethoscope _
• Hydrometer measures humidity • What is measured by an interferometer-Wavelength
• Barometer measures atmospheric pressure of light Hydrophone is used for measuring sound
• Purity of milk is measured by lactometer under water.
Fathometer measures the depth of oceans. • Magnometer is an instrument designed to compare
• Sextant is used for measuring altitude of Sun and the magnetic movement and field.
other heavenly bodies • Potometer is used to measure the rate of respiration
• Chronometer records accurate time on ships in animal and plants.
• Algesimeter indicates the degree of sensitiveness of For measuring solar radiation we use pyrheliometer.
skin • Actimometer measures direct heating power of the
• Altimeter measures altitudes Sun.
• Ammeter measures current • Ammeter is use for measuring current strength.
• Anemometer records velocity of wind • Manometer is the instrument of measuring gas
• Cyamometer measures blueness of sky or ocean pressure.
• Dasymeter measures density of gas • Spectrometer instrument for measuring the
• Galvanometer measures small electric current spectrum of light.
• Hydrometer measures relative density of liquids • An instrument known as rain gauge makes the
• Hygrometer measures humidity in atmosphere measurement of rainfall.
• Hypsometer measures atmospheric pressure to • What is measured with an ombrometer-Rainfall
ascertain elevations by determining boiling point of The instrument used to measure very high
liquid. Or Hypsometer is an instrument for temperature:
measuring the height above sea level. Infrared pyrometers
• Manometer measures pressure of gases • Mechanical energy into electrical energy: Generator
• Micrometer measures minute distances • Heat energy into mechanical energy: Heat engine or
• Periscope is used for viewing objects above eye steam engine.
level • Electrical energy into mechanical energy: Electrical
• Cyclotron is used for electromagnetic acceleration Motor
of charged atoms • Electrical energy into sound energy: Loudspeaker
• Geiger counter is used for detecting and recording • Sound energy into electrical energy: Microphone
radioactivity. It was invented by Hans Geiger (1882- • The device used to measure radioactivity: Geiger-
1945) Muller tube
• Pyrometer measures high temperatures • The device which converts the chemical energy into
• Refrectometer measures refractive index of a electrical energy: Battery
substance • The device used to measure radioactivity. Geiger
• Seismograph measures intensity of earthquake counter Hygrometer is instrument used for
• Telstar transmits wireless or T.V broadcast measuring humidity of air.
• Viscometer measures viscosity of liquids • Heliscope is used for viewing the sun.
• Spiro graph records the movement of lungs • What does a potometer measure- Water intake
• Photometer measures rate of transpiration Clinical thermometer usually measures in
• Scotograph is used for enbling blind to write Fahrenheit.
• Eratosthenes measures distance round the earth • Actimometer measures direct heating power of the
• Kaldio-scopes have proved helpful in finding the Sun.
amount of dampness in soil • Ammeter is use for measuring current strength
• Mohr’s scale measures degree of hardness of • Voltammeter is an electrolytic cell for conducting
minerals electrolytic dissociation of electrolyte.
• What does a drosomoter measure: Dew
• Relative density of an atmosphere is measured by place. This particular angle is known as the dip of
hygrometer. that place.
• Spirograph is an apparatus used for recording the Drinker’s apparatus: to help breathing in infantile
movement of the lungs. paralysis. Dynamo: The origin of electricity in a
• The maximum limit of sound beyond which a person Dynamo is the transformation of mechanical energy
can become deaf is 129 lbs. into electrical energy. It depends on the principle of
• Charles K Rhodes developed an X-Ray emitting electro-magnetic induction whereby a current is
laser in 1990. produced on traversing a magnetic field.
• Son meter is an instrument used to study the Electroencephalograph (EEG): It is the technique
behavior of vibrating string. of recording and interpreting the electrical activity of
the brain. Records of the electrical activity of the
• The instrument used for measuring the velocity of brain, commonly known as “brain waves”, are called
wind is known as anemometer. electroencephalograms or electroencephalographs.
EEG is the common abbreviation for both the
Instruments technique and the records.
Epidiascope: for projecting films as well as images
Altimeter: an apparatus used in aircraft for of opaque articles on a screen.
measuring altitudes. Eudiometer: It is a glass tube for measuring
Ammeter: is used for to measure intensity of sound. volume changes in chemical reactions between
Anemometer: is an instrument for measuring the gases.
force and velocity of wind. Fathometer: is an instrument used for measuring
Audiometer: an instrument to measure intensity of depth of the ocean.
sound. Audiophone: is an instrument required for Galvanometer: an instrument for measuring
improving imperfect sense of hearing. currents of small magnitude.
Barograph: for continuous recording of G.M. Counter (Geiger Muller Counter): This
atmospheric pressure. Barometer: is an apparatus special device is used for detecting the presence of
used for measuring the atmospheric pressure. radiation and counting certain atomic particles.
Binoculars: is an instrument used for seeing Gramophone: an instrument with which we can
distant objects, the rays of light are twice reflected reproduce the sound recorded by a suitable
by means of right-angled prisms. recording apparatus. It is fitted with a special type of
Callipers: a compass with legs for measuring the apparatus known as sound box invented by
inside or outside diameter of bodies. Berliner.
Calorimeter: an instrument used for measuring Gravimeter: is an instrument for recording
quantities of measurement under water and to determine the
heat. presence of oil deposits under water.
Carburettor: is an apparatus for charging air Gyroscope: is an instrument used to illustrate
with petrol vapours in an internal combustion dynamics of rotating bodies. It is a type of spinning
engine. Cardiogram: a medical instrument wheel fixed to the axle. Hydrometer: is an
used for tracing the movements of the heart. instrument used for measuring the specific gravity
Cardiograph: is a medical instrument for tracing of liquids.
heart movements. Hydrophone: is an instrument used for recording
Chronometer: is an instrument kept on board the sound under water.
ships for measuring accurate time. Hygrometer: is an instrument used for measuring
Cinematograph: It consists of a series of lenses humidity in air.
arranged to throw on a screen an enlarged image of Kymograph: is an instrument used to record
photographs. The lens system, which forms the graphically various physiological movements i.e.,
image on the screen, is termed the focusing lens. blood pressure, heart beating, study of lungs etc in
Commutator: split ring, which forms the main part living beings.
of a D.C. Lactometer: is an apparatus used for measuring the
Dynamo. purity of milk.
Compass needle: for knowing approximately the Manometer: for determining the pressure of a gas.
North-South direction at a place. Mariner’s Compass: is an apparatus, which is used
Crescograph: is an instrument for use in recording to guide the sailors. The needle always points north
growth of plants; invented by J.C. Bose. south. Micrometer: is an instrument used for
Dip Circle: It is an instrument used to determine the converting sound i.e., fraction of the lowest division of
angle between the direction of the resultant intensity a given scale. Microphone: is an instrument used for
of earth’s field and the horizontal component at a converting sound waves into electrical vibrations.

Microscope: is an instrument, which is used for Sphygmoscope: an instrument, by virtue of which,
magnifying minute objects by a lens system. arterial pulsations become visible.
Microtome: is used for cutting an object into thin Stereoscope: It is a special type of binocular,
parts for microscopic inspection. through which a double photograph snapped from
Odometer: is an instrument by virtue of which the two different angles by a twolensed camera is
distance covered by wheeled vehicles is recorded. viewed in solid relief.
Periscope: It is usually used by the crew of a Stethoscope: is an instrument to hear and analyse
submarine to survey the ships etc, on the surface of movements of heart and lungs.
the sea while the submarine is under water. It also Stop watch: for recording small intervals of time in
enables the sailors to observe objects on the other the laboratory, in races and other events.
side of an obstacle without exposing themselves. Stroboscope: is an instrument for viewing objects
Phonograph: is an instrument used for reproducing moving rapidly with a periodic motion and to see
sound. Photometer: is an apparatus used to them as if they were at rest.
compare the illuminating power of two sources of Tachometer: is an instrument for determining
light. speeds of aeroplanes and motorboats.
Pipette: It is a glass tube with the aid of which a Telephone: a device by virtue of which two persons
definite volume of liquid may be transferred. at two different places can communicate. It
Potentiometer: is used for comparing the e.m.f.s, of consists of two main parts (i) a microphone and (ii)
cells, measurements of the thermal e.m.f.s, large a receiver.
potential differences and currents. It is also used for Teleprinter: an instrument, which prints
measuring low resistances. Psychrometer: is an automatically messages sent from one place to
instrument for measurement of the humidity of the another, on, telegraphs lines.
atmosphere. Telescope: is an apparatus used for observing
Pyrometer: is an instrument for recording high distant objects. Theodolite: is an instrument for
temperatures from a great distance (i.e., for recording measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
temperature of the sun etc.) by making use of the Thermocouple: an instrument based on thermo-
laws of radiation. electricity used for measuring temperatures.
Radar: Radio, Angle, Detection And Range are used Thermometer: is an apparatus used for measuring
to detect the direction and range of an approaching temperature.
aeroplane by means of radio microwaves. Thermostat: It is an instrument used to
Rain Gauge: is an apparatus for recording of rainfall regulate the temperature to a particular
at a particular place. degree. Viscometer: is an instrument to
Radiometer: is an instrument for measuring the measure viscosity.
emission of radiant energy.
Refractometer: is an instrument to measure
refractive indices. Saccharimeter: is an instrument COMPUTER
for determining the amount of sugar in a solution. It is
used in breweries. Seismometer or Seismograph:
is an instrument used for recording earthquake • Half byte = 1nibble = 4 bits
shocks. • Bit means Binary Digit
Sextant: is an instrument invented by John Hadley • 1 byte = 8 bits
used for measuring the altitude of the sun and of • 1 mega byte = 1048576 bytes
other inaccessible heavenly bodies. • 1 kilo byte = 1024 bytes
Spectrometer: (1) It is a type of spectroscope • A combination of 16 bits is called word. A terabyte
suitable for the precise measurements of refractive = 1 trillion bytes
indices. (2) An instrument for measuring the energy • Our PC belongs to 4th generation.
distribution of a particular type of radiation. • Fred Cohen coined the word computer virus.
Speedometer: is an instrument, which indicates • First computer virus was created in 1970 at Bell
speed at which a vehicle is moving. laboratories WORM means Write Once Read
Spherometer: is an instrument for measuring Many
curvature of surfaces. • Power of a super computer is measured in FLOPS
Sphygmomanometer: an instrument used for (Floating Point Operations per Second)
measuring arterial blood pressure. • WWW/http: (hypertext transfer protocol) was
Sphygmophone: an instrument, with the help of created by Tim
which a pulse beat makes a sound. Burner Lee in 1992
• Intel means Integrated Electronics • Antivirus is also known as vaccines.
• 1 worksheet contains 256 columns • Free software is also known as public domain
• G.W.Basic G.W stands for Gate Way software.
• Super Computer was created by J.H.Van Tassel • In computer DFD stands for Data Flow Diagram.
• CORBA is Common Object Request Broker • Cyber Space is called to Virtual world of the
Architecture computer.
• URL is Uniform or Universal Resource Locator • What does the sun in SUN Microsystems stand for
• Intel invented RAM chip Stanford
Information stored on disk as series of bumps on its University Network
shiny side. • What does Intel stand for- Integrated Electronics
• DVDs hold more information than CDs. They use • All PCs have a BIOS what does bios stand for-Basic
smaller bumps and have two reflective layers Input
• Recordable CDs do not have bumps. There are Output System
patches of color on disk to change the reflected • What is the common name for an integrated circuit-
laser light Chip
• In 1951 Univac – 1, John Mauchly and J. Presper • In WWW terms what does i.e. mean on a domain
Eckert designed the world’s first commercial name-Ireland
computer. They built ENIAC, the first electronic • What company introduced the first commercial
computer in 1946 In 1968 mainframe was built. minicomputer 65
• In 1976 first supercomputer the Cray-1 was DEC
developed In 1981 IBM produce the IBM PC. • Name the first web browser publicly available-
• In 1998 IBM made quantum computer Super NCSA Mosaic The world’s most powerful super
computers uses parallel processing In 1974, computer is called ASCI white. Tim Bareness Lee
computer games were introduced. invented World Wide Web in 1993.
• PROM is the abbreviation of programmable read
only memory
• What was the world’s first high level programming
language 1957: IBM FORTRAN
• A JPEG is a picture file format - what does JPEG
stand for:
Joint Photographic Experts Group
• During World War II, IBM built the computers the
Nazis used to manage their death/concentration
camps Registers are temporary storage areas
within the CPU.
• First apple computer was built in garage.
• The language of small talk is object oriented.
• Shell is an operating environment.
• Virtual memory is also known as virtual page.
• NOS refer to operating systems for a network.
• In EBCDIC each character is denoted by 8 bits.
• Diodes are used in analog computer circuits as
limiter.
• Wetware stands for any organic intelligence.
• GIGO stands for garbage in garbage out.
• Application of flip-flap are counters, shift register
and transfer register.
• Bootstrap is associated with computer.
• FORTRAN stands for formula translator.
• A group of character that is termed as a single entity
is called word.
• Clip art is a computer prepared art.
• Mark sensing is another term for OMR.
• Authorization to make multiple software copies is
called site licensing.
The B-programming language was developed by • Isthmus is a narrow land strip separating two seas
Ken Thompson. and connecting two land marks
The 1st commercially produced and sold computer • Day and night are equal on 21 st March (at all parallel
(1951) was UNIVAC. of latitude) and 23rd September
The transformation from heavy computers to PCs • Core of earth is metallic
was made possible using microprocessors. • Temperature at earth’s core is 2000 deg: C
• Intel developed the first microprocessor in 1971. • Tide at its maximum height is spring tide
• A pentium 4 (P-4) employs roughly 40 million • International dateline lies along 180 deg: meridian
transistors. • Speed of earth rotation is highest at the north pole
• Mark-1, Apple-1, and collossus were initial desktop • Minimum land area recommended for forest is 25%
computers. • Earth’s total surface covered by forests is 15%
• Binary digits are briefed as bit. • Ordovician are the oldest rock
• A collection of bits is called byte. • Earthquake is a post volcanic activity
• The first home computer (1977), which was sold in • Of total water on earth, fresh water reserves are
millions of units was Apple II. 2.7%
• ‘PARAM’ is a supercomputer. • Highest grade of coal is Anthracite
• Father of the Computer.. Charles Babbage • Coal mainly suitable for thermal power production is
• CMOS stand for Complimentary metal Oxide semi- Bituminous First stage of coal formation is Peat.
conductor Equator is called the great circle
• Mean radius of earth is 6400 km
GEOGRAPHY OF EARTH • Total world surface area is 510 million sq: km
• Soil formed by deposition of silt is Alluvial soil
• Longitude is measured from East to West Winds blow from areas of high pressure to low
• Latitude is measured from North to South of pressure.
Equator. • Movement of tectonic plates may cause eruption of
• New Zealand is close to Int: Date Line. a volcano
• Arabia is the larges peninsula. • What creates new islands in the ocean? Volcanoes
• Antarctica is in South Pole. • Soil best suited for deep rooted crops is Black soil
• The largest latitude circle on earth is the Equator. • Latitude of south pole is 90 deg:, latitude of equator
• Equinox (equal nights) means the equal duration of is 0 deg:
day & night. • Humidity in air is maximum in Monsoon
• Lines drawn parallel to equator is latitude • Earth revolves in its orbit 1 deg: per day
• 1 hour difference in local time between two places is • 1 deg: longitude on equator is equal to 112 km
15 deg: • Doldrums is a belt of low atmospheric pressure on
Longitude either side of Equator.
• 23 degree longitude is Tropic of Cancer • Removal of rock layer by layer due to weathering is
• 70% of earth’s surface is covered with water called
• Isobar is the lines joining places of equal air Exfoliation
pressure on a map • Rocks formed by the solidification of lava are
• Isohyets are lines joining places of equal rainfall Basalts Tundra region gets no rainfall throughout
over a period
the year At equator an object weights the least.
• Isotherm are Lines of equal temperature
• At 7050 km per hour, Sun rotate on its axis.
• Contours are places with equal altitude
• The northern polar lights are called Aurorae
• There are 36 tectonic plates
Borealis, and southern polar lights are called
• Crust of earth is 0.5% Aurorae Australis.
• Upper part of earth on which earth floats is
• The pulsating universe theory explains the evolution
Asthensosphere
of universe.
• Earth’s speed is greatest when it is closest to the
sun • 230 million years ago there was only one huge
• Spring tide occurs when earth, moon and sun are in continent on earth. This super continent is known as
straight line Panagea, which means all lands

• In 1912 Alfred Wegener said that continents drift • Water vapour turns into clouds in the atmosphere
around on earth’s surface when Dew Point is reached.
• Continental drift means plate tectonics Rain • When a warm air is lifted off the surface in
forests grow near the equator. temperature depression it is called an Occlusion.
• In autumn deciduous forests glow with brilliant red • Afternoon rains in the equatorial region are the
and gold colors as the leaves dry up and fall off the result of convectional forces.
trees. • Mediterranean regions are not useful for forestry.
• The shape of the earth is an oblate spheroid. • The best projection to suit the map of Pakistan is
• Arctic is the worlds northmost region. conventional.
• The largest latitude circle on earth is Equator. • The extinct Volcano Peak of Koh-i-Sultan is in
• 230 million years ago, there was only one huge Pakistan.
continent on Earth. This super continent is known as • Cotopaxi: is the highest volcano in the world. It is
panagea, which means all lands. situated in Ecuador.
• In 1912, a German Scientist called Alfred Wegener • Dust Devil: is a dusty whirlwind normally a few feet
(1880-1930) suggested that the continent drift in diameter and about 100 feet tall, sometimes also
around on Earth’s surface. wider and higher.
• The latitude of a point on the Earth’s surface is the • Earth mass: The mass of the earth is about 81
angular distance of that point measured at the times that of the moon.
centre of the Earth Mass of earth is 6 X 10²¹ tons • Earth’s core: is mainly composed of iron and nickel.
Density of earth is 5.52. Lithosphere is the innermost layer of the earth.
• Chemically earth id made up of Oxygen 46.6%, • El Nino: is the weather phenomenon brewing in the
Silicon 27.7%, Aluminum 8.1%, iron 5%, Calcium tropical Pacific Ocean. It is the largest climate event
3.6% Earth is divided into four zones. of the 20th century setting off more global disasters
• Torrid zone lies b/w Tropics of Cancer & Capricorn. than ever before. El Nino is warming of the waters
• Torrid zone lies between the Tropics and is bisected off Equatorial South America, which causes climate
by the Equator abnormalities around the world. The impact can be
• The North Temperate Zone lies b/w Tropic of flooding drought in California, Brazil, Africa and
Cancer & the Arctic Circle. Australia, severe storms in the Central Pacific and a
decline in hurricanes hitting the southeastern United
• The South Temperate Zone lies b/w Capricorn &
States.
Antarctic Circle.
• Exfoliation: This type of weathering is common
• The area around north and south poles within the
both in the cold as well as in the hot climate regions.
polar circles is called ‘the frigid zone’.
Hot belt lies b/w latitude 0° & 3° • Great Circle: A circle on the earth’s surface whose
plane passes through its centre, and bisects it into
• Tundra region is a region of high altitude and is two hemispheres. Two opposing meridians together
without trees. Steppes are the vast, treeless form a Great Circle. The shortest distance between
waste of Russia and part of Asia. any two points on the earth’s surface is the arc of
• Moorland is rocky surface. the Great Circle, which passes through them. 0°
• Coniferous forests extend up to 13,000 km across latitude forms a Great Circle. (The latitude or
North America, Europe & Asia. longitude 75°W should be combined with 75°E to
• Tropical or Savannah region lies b/w desert & forest. obtain the Great Circle).
More than 1/3rd of Africa is Savannah. • Horse Latitudes: Sub-tropical belts of high
• Pakistan lies in Monsoon land area. atmospheric pressure over the oceans situated in
• The three abundant elements in the earth’s crust are both hemispheres. These are called Belts of Calm
aluminium, oxygen and silicon. The correct order of between regions of the Trade Winds and Westerlies
their abundance is silicon, oxygen and aluminum of higher latitudes.
(8.1%) Inner core is made mostly of iron. • Hydroponics: means cultivation of the plants
• Meridian is an imaginary circle in sky passing without use of soil.
though celestial poles. • Hyetology: is the study of rainfall.
• Africa is the 2nd largest continent of the world. • Kandla: is a seaport situated at the head of the Gulf
• A wind, which reverses seasonally, is known as of Kuch in Gujarat State.
Monsoon wind. • Lapse Rate: is the rate of change in temperature
• Temperature increases with increasing altitude by with increase of altitude.
10° C for every 250-meter rise.

• Laterite soils: Laterite soils are formed by the • Earth has 46.6% oxygen and 27.7% silicon
weathering of laterite rocks. These can be • On 21st June, sun is vertically overhead the Tropic of
distinguished from other soils by their acidity. Cancer
• Loams (loamy soil): Amixture of sand, clay and silt • The South Temperate zone lies between Capricorn
is known as loamy soil. Loams are formed where the and
soils have equal proportion of sand, silt and clay. Antarctic circle
• Local winds and their areas: Khamsin—Egypt; • At equator the duration of the day is 12 hours
Zonda— Argentina; Santa Ana—California; • 510 million square kilometers is the total surface
Simoon—Iran. area of the earth
• Mansarover Lake: is in Tibet. Near it, the rivers • Sun is 400 times larger than the Moon.
having their source are the Brahamputra, the Sutlej • About 6 billion people living on the Earth.
and the Indus. When are you most likely to see a penumbra: During
• Maoris (Tribes): are the original inhabitants of New an Eclipse At equator an object weights the least.
Zealand. A wind, which reverses seasonally, is
• Nutrification: is the process of conversion by action Monsoon. Water is the most powerful
of bacteria, of nitrates in the soil. source of erosion Tropic of cancer
• Pangong Tso: is one of the world’s highest and crosses Pakistan.
brackish lakes in Jammu & Kashmir. Spring tides occur at new moon or at full moon.
• Proxima Centauri: is a star nearest to the earth. • Neap tides occur at first and third quarters of the
• Roaring Forties: are westerly winds. moon.
• Selvas: The rain forest of Amazon basin is called • Oceans are on average 4 km deep. Frozen water
Selvas. covers about 10% of the earth Solar eclipse
These are rainy tropical forests. occurs on new moon.
• Spring Tides: are caused when the sun and the • Lunar eclipse occurs on full moon.
moon are in a straight line. The tide on its maximum • The standard time of England is known as
height is known as Spring Tide. Greenwich Mean Time. T is local time of Greenwich
• Tsunamis: are huge sea waves caused by Observatory which on 0° longitude.
earthquakes. • Daylight saving time begun during WWI.
• Willy Willy: is a tropical cyclone of the northwest • There are three belts of calm viz: Doldrums, Tropic
Australia. of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn.
• Horn of Africa is Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somalia.
• Kimberley is associated with Diamonds.
FACTS ABOUT EARTH • In Titusfills in Pennsylvania (US) is world’s first oil
well drilled.
• Largest element found in earth crust is Silicon, • Thickness of earth crustes 20 miles.
second is • Max height of cloud 20,000.
Aluminum
• Polar diameter of earth is 7900 miles ATMOSPHERE OF EARTH
• Equatorial diameter is 7927 miles = 12,756 km
• Earth’s polar diameter is shorter than the equatorial • Nitrogen gas found in atmosphere is 78%, oxygen is
diameter by 21%
43 km • Speed of electromagnet ways is 300000 km/sec
• Distance of equator from either of poles is 10,002 The layer of earth in which we live is Troposphere
km The atmospheric layer closet to earth is
• World is divided into 24 time zones Troposphere.
• Age of earth is 5 billion years • Weather phenomenon take place in Troposphere
• Speed of earth in orbit around sun is 8.5 miles/sec = • Atmospheric layer ideal for flying is Troposphere
1600 km/min = 29 km/sec • Ionosphere reflects radio-waves back to earth
• Weight of earth is 6586 x 10 raise to 18 tons • Nimbostratus clouds bring a long steady rain

• Clouds found at highest altitude are Noctilucent • Atmospheric pressure is equal to 14.73 lbs per sq.
• Thickness of atmosphere around earth is 145 km inch.
• Atmosphere maintains earth’s temperature • Atmospheric pressure decreases with height.
• % of insulation received by earth’s surface is 51% • In nature the nitrogen of the atmosphere is made
• Atmospheric layers are divided into 4 parts available for the plant growth through the activity of
• Sun’s heat and energy reaches earth by Radiation bacteria called nitrogen fixation of bacteria in roots
Air is composed of 78% Nitrogen. of plants. Earthworms provide nitrogenous wastes.
• 21% Oxygen. • Ozone is found in stratosphere b/w 20 to 50 km.
• 1% other gases. • The tidal effect of Moon on the surface of Earth is
• Troposphere is 10 km, Stratosphere is from 10 to 40 less that that of Sun because Moon’s gravitational
km, Mesosphere (Neutraspace) is from 40 to 80 km, pull at Earth’s surface is less as compared to Sun’s
Thermosphere (Ionosphere) is from 80 to 370 km gravitational pull. Tidal effect of sun is 146% of
and Exosphere (Heaviside) is beyond 370 km. moon.
• Megnetosphere that lies beyond the Exosphere is • Injurious ultraviolet radiations are mostly prevented
not the part of atmosphere. from reaching the earth as these are absorbed
• 3/4th of the air that envelops the earth is in mostly by Ionosphere.
troposphere.
• 97% of the air is below the upper boundary of the
stratosphere, which is the maximum height that MOUNTAINS
aircraft may reach with the support of air.
• Smog is when water vapour condenses around a • Mount Olympus is in Greece.
particle of smoke • The mountain range in Russia that is regarded as
• Atmospheric temperature increases at higher the boundary b/w Europe & Asia is Urals.
altitudes due to convection Formaula of Ozone is O3 • Margalla Hills of Islamabad are extension of
CFCs are Chloro Fluoro Carbons Himaliya range.
• Earth’s atmosphere is over 1000 km deep • Ural mountains separate Asia from Europe.
• Biosphere is the sphere of life which covers all the • Ordovician are oldest rocks.
three spheres i.e litho, hydro, atmosphere • Oldest mountain system is Araveli.
• Ozone layer is found in Stratosphere. • Youngest mountain system is Himaliyas.
• Climate is the average weather of a particular place • Andes Mountains are in South America.
over many years. Weather change day to day, • Ring of Fire are volcanoes in Circum-Pacific Seismic
whereas climate remains same for years. belt.
• Alps are Europe’s largest mountain system.
• Every seson, trees add a new ring of growth to their
trunks • Atlas is North Africa’s mountain range. Atlas
Mountains are in Morocco.
• Clouds are made of water droplets, ice, crystals,
particles of dust and air
• Warm air can hold more water vapour than cold air
The age of Earth is calculated as 4500 million
years.
• Ozone is measured in percentage (chk)
• The amount of ozone in the atmosphere is
expressed in ppm/ The amount of ozone in the
atmosphere is expressed in dobson units (Check it)
• Air is composed of nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen
(20.95%), argon (0.94%) and carbon dioxide
(0.03%).
• Nitrogen gas dominates the earth’s surface.
• Weathering takes place more quickly in warm, wet
area than in cold and dry regions.
• An atmosphere is a blanket of gas that surrounds a
plane. Earth’s atmosphere is over 1000 kilometers
deep, but most of it is in the 30 kilometers closest to
Earth.
• Weight of the air pushing on us is known as
atmospheric pressure.
The Himalaya mountain range (Asia) is the greatest • Hispar glacier is in Hunza. Malaspina glacier is in
mountain range in the world. Alaska (US), Tasman glacier is in New Zealand.
Ayers Rock is the largest single rock in the world. • Alpine is the highest mountain pass in the world.
Mauna kea volcano is in Hawaii • Siachen, batoro and chogo lugma glaciers are in
What is the worlds longest mountain range-The Karakorum. April 1984, India conducted an
Andes Black forest is a mountain in Germany.
Operation known as 'Operation Meghdoot’ to
• Rocky or Rockies Mountains is the largest mountain capture Siachen.
system of North America.
• Siachen Glacier is the Worlds Biggest Glacier
• Koh-i-Sultan is in Pakistan. outside the two Poles. It is also the world's Highest
• Highest mountain system in the world is Himalayas. Glacier that is why it is refered to as "The Third
• Sefid Koh is mountain range in Afghanistan. Pole." It is also the World's Highest
• Blue Mountains are in Australia. Battle Ground Ever
• Mauna Kea volcano is in Hawaii. Africa is without glaciers.
• What is the name of the second highest mountain in • Highest point of Asia is Mount Everest (Nepal-
Africa- Tibet).
Mount Kenya • Mount Aconcagua, highest peak in the western
• In what modern country is mount Ararat-Turkey hemisphere, located in the Andes Mountains of
Most active volcano Italiana is situated in Hawaii. western Argentina, near the border with Chile.
• Mount Everest is in Himalaya range with height • Bodpo La pass is highest pass in Tibet (China) with
29,028 feet first ascent made on May 29, 1953. height 19,412.
• K2 named Goodwin Austin or Chagori is in • Vesuvius is a volcano in Italy.
Karakoram Range with 28,250 ft height. First ascent • Swat valley is in the mountain range of... hindukash
made on July 31, 1954. Saddle peak is highest peak in Anandaman &
• Nanga Parbat is in Himalaya range is known as Nicobar Islands.
Killer Mountain with height 26,660 ft. First ascent • Karoko tao is a volcano in Indonesia.
was made on July 3, 1953. • Approximately the southwest monsoon begins in
• Broad Peak I is in Karakoram range with height Pakistan in late July.
26,470.
• Tirich Mir is in Hindu Kush Mountain. OCEANS
• Prince Charles is mountain range in Antarctica.
• Zardak is the highest peak of Kirthar range. • Largest ocean is pacific, then Atlantic, Indian and
• Where are the glasshouse mountains- Queensland then Arctic.
Australia • Largest sea is South China Sea, then Caribbean
Sea, then Mediterranean sea, Behring Sea Gulf of
Mexico, Sea of Japan, Hudson Bay, East China
Sea, Andaman Sea, then Black sea then Red sea
IMPORTANT MOUNTAIN PASSES and in the last Baltic sea.
• Sea of Japan is famous for fishing area.
• Namni Pass is in Myanmar. • Total seas are 12.
• Khunjerab Pass is highest pas in Pakistan. • Bermuda Triange is located in Atlantic Ocean.
• Alpine Pass is in USA. • Diego Garcia is in Indian Ocean.
• Lowari Pass is in Pakistan. • The deepest place in the Indian Ocean is Sunda
• Khojak tunnel is in Balouchistan. Trench. Caspian Sea is located in Iraq-
• Bolan (Sulaiman range) pass is in Baluchistan. Azerbaijan, Turkmensitan, and Kazakhstan &
• Kolpur pass is in Baluchistan. Russia.
• Shandur Pass is in Pakistan. • Caspian Sea is the largest salt-water lake in the
• Donner pass is in California (USA) world.
• Hispar & Biafo glacier is in Pakistan. • Caspian Sea water is shared by Iran, Russia &
• Siachen glacier is in Karakoram Range. Azerbaijan.
• Baltoro gracier is in Karakoram Range.
• Chogo Lugma is in Karakoram range.
• Which sea is sometimes called the Euxine Sea- • In which US state is its highest mountain- Alaska –
Black Sea What sea is directly north of Poland- Mount
Baltic sea Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean. McKinley
• Cyprus is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. • Dickson is the seaport of Malaysia.
• The waters of Caspian Sea are shared by Russia, • Tartus is the seaport of Syria.
Iran & Azerbaijan.
• What is the worlds largest sea (in area): South FAMOUS STRAITS
China Aral Sea is in Central Asia (Kazakhstan).
Aral is an inland sea. What is the world's warmest • Palk Strait separates India from Sri Lanaka.
• Babul Mandab strait separates Arabia from Africa.
sea- The Red Sea Aegean Sea is located in
• Babel-Mandab strait leads into the Red Sea.
Atlantic Ocean.
• Red sea is b/w Arabia and Africa.
• Sargasso Sea is without a coastline.
• Davis Strait separates Greenland from Baffin Island.
• Which of the following cause ocean currents?
• The Davis Strait lies between Canada and
Permanent winds Nether land’s land is below sea
Greenland
level.
• Atlantic Ocean is called the “Herring Pond”.
• Messina strait separates Italy from Sicily.
FAMOUS SEA PORTS • Johor strait separates Malaysia from Singapore.
• Bass Strait separates Australia from Tasmania.
• Abadan is in Iran. Florida Strait separates Cuba from Florida. It joins
Atlantic Ocean with Gulf of Mexico.
• Alexandria is in Egypt. Antwerp is in Belgium.
• Aqaba is in Jordan. • Dover strait separates England from France.
• Bandar Bushehr is in Iran. Gibraltar Strait separates Spain and Africa and joins
• Bristol is in UK. Mediterranean Sea with Atlantic Ocean.
• Cardiff is in UK. • Torres Strait separates Australia and Papua New
Guinea
• Plymouth is in UK Le Harve is in France.
• Bering Strait separates Asia from Africa and joins
• Marseilles is in France.
the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.
New Orleans is in USA.
Penang is in Malaysia. • Bosporus Strait connects Black Sea with the Sea of
Chalna is in Bangladesh. Marmora.
Dammam is in Saudi Arabia. • Dardanelles strait (Turkey) joins Marmora Sea with
Glasgow is in UK. Aegean Sea.
Hambrug is in Germany. • Malacca (Indonesia) strait separates Sumatra from
Malay Peninsula. It is longest strait in the world.
• Hochi Minh is in Vietnam.
Mozambique strait is the broadest strait in the world.
• Honolulu is in USA.
It is b/w Mozambique and Madagascar.
• Latakia is in Syria.
Sunda strait separates Sumatra from Java Island.
• Phildelphia is in USA.
40% of world oil passes through... Strait of Hormuz
• Port Said is in Egypt.
The gateway to the Gulf of Iran is Strait of Hormuz
• Rio-de-Janeiro is in Brazil.
• Rotterdam is in Netherlands.
WORLD RIVERS
• Tartous is in Syria.
• Valparaiso is in Chile.
• Yokohama is in Japan. • Third world comprises of 70% of world population.
• Hamun Mashkel Lake (Baluchistan) is salt-water
• Zadar is in Croatia.
lake.
• Pondicherry is in India south of Chennai.
• Most important crop of Nile delta is Cotton.
• Port Hercourt is the 2nd largest port of Nigeria.
• Pak: is 4th among world’s largest cotton producers.
Darwin is the seaport of Australia.
• A famous natural bridge is located in Virginia.
• "Haifa" is the seaport of which country? Israel.
• Eskimos live in North America.
• Seattle seaport is inUSA.
• Iberian Peninsula is a part of Europe.
• Santos is known as the “Coffee Port” of the world.
• The number of CARS is five.
• Height of Islamabad is 2000 ft: above sea level.
• The Devil Tower present in US is a volcano. • Amazon River crosses Equator twice.
• Hudson Bay is largest bay and is in Northern • The Amazon river rises in which country-Peru
Canada. • Amazon River is largest river in terms of volume. It
• Largest gulf is Gulf of Mexico. is in Brazil. It pours into Atlantic Ocean.
• Grand Canal is oldest man made canal for shipping The longest and largest river in Asia is
purpose in China. Yangtze. The largest river in China is The
• Shark bay is in Western Australia. Yangtze River.
• English Channel separates England from France. The Soan and the Haro are the two rivers of
• Gulf of Sidra is in Libya. Red river is in USA. Potohar Plateau.
• Gulf of lion is in France. Aswan dam is constructed on river Nile.
• Churchill waterfall is in Canada. World’s largest earth filled dam is Tarbela.
• Danube River is in Romania (Europe). It pours into Voctoria falls are on the border b/w Zimbabwe &
Black sea. South Africa.
• The Volga is Europe longest river what is the Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in world
second longest extending from Peru to Bolivia.
Danube • Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. It is
• Volga River is in Russia. located in Siberia.
• What is the only river that flows both north and • Indus River pours into Arabian Sea.
south of equator- The Congo • After Indus, the longest river is Sutlaj in Pakistan.
• New Zealand is situated in the region of Oceania. • The longest river in South Asia is the Brahmputra.
• Oxus River (also called Amu Darya) is flowing • Nile River pours its water into Mediterranean Sea.
between • Don River pours its water into Sea of Azov.
Afghanistan and Tajikistan. It is the largest river of • Tigris River pours its water into Caspian Sea.
central Asia. • Lake Mead is a man-made largest lake in the world.
• Bari Doab is the area lying between River Ravi and The largest river in France is Lore Most
River Beas. populated lake is Lake Eire.
• SURMA is the name of a river. • Suez Canal is 170 Km long constructed in 1869.
• The Suez Canal was constructed in 1869.
• Windermere Lake is the largest lake of UK. What
• The Suez Canal links the Mediterranean Sea with
is France’s longest river: Loire
the Red Sea. A French Engineer, Ferdinand De
• Hundroo (Hundrubagh) Water Falls are in India.
Lesseps, constructed the Canal.
• An iceberg floating in sea will have one-tenth of its
mass above the surface of water. • Col. Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal on 26 th
July 1956.
• Jog Falls are the highest waterfalls in India.
• Mariana trench is the deepest part in the ocean and
• Which river is in Lebanon? River Latani it lies in Pacific Ocean. It is also called the deepest
• Highest salinity is found in the Great Salt Lake in seafloor depression in the world.
USA.
• River Zambezi flows in Southeast Africa.
• Niagara Falls was discovered by Louis Hennepin
• Euphrates flows in Syria and Iraq.
• Madagascar is popularly known as the Island of
• Mesopotamia is the region b/w Tigris & Euphrates.
Cloves Niagara Falls was discovered by Louis
Mississippi river flows in USA. Mississippi is
Hennepin River Darling is in Australia. longest river of America.
• Gateway of Pacific is Panama Canal.
• Missouri river flows in USA Hudson River flows in
• Panama Canal links Pacific Ocean with Atlantic
Ocean. USA.
• Panama Canal was opened in 1914. • Lake Michigan flows in USA.
• Panama Canal links North America with South • Golden River flows in Alaska, Canada.
America. • In what country are the Painted Lakes-Indonesia

• Name the river that flows through Baghdad- Tigris • The Victoria Falls is located in Zimbabwe.
• What city has the most canals- Birmingham • Highest fall of world Angel Falls is on river Carrao
• Suez Canal was acquired by Britain in 1875 and Venezuela.
nationalized by Egypt in 1956. It remains closed • Niagara fall is in North America b/w America &
1967-75 after Arab Israel War. Canada.
• Thames River is in England. • Ribbon fall is in North America.
• Seine River is in France. • Silver Strand fall is in North America.
• Hang He river is in China. • Grand Canal is located in People’s Republic of
• Victoria Lake forms boundary line b/w Tanzania china.
and Uganda. • After Australia, Europe is the smallest continent.
• Victoria Lake is in Africa. • ‘Victoria falls’ is located in Rhodesia.
• Source River Jehlum is Verinag. • Deccan Plateau is in Asia.
• Lake Superior is the largest fresh water lake in the • Asia is the largest continent and covers about 1/3
world. It is located in North America (USA-Canada). of the world’s total land area.
• Lake Victoria is located in Kenya-Tanzania and • Both the highest and lowest points on the earth are
Uganda. found in Asia.
• Great Bear Lake is located in Canada. • The lowest point of Asia is Dead Sea, which is
• Huron Lake is in USA-Canada. about 397 meter below sea level.
• In which country would you find Lake • Dead sea lying b/w Israel and Jordan.
Disappointment • Asia Minor is a geographical expression, a part to
Australia Turkey.
• The Amazon river dolphins are what colour- Pink • The world’s longest river, the Nile is located in
• Which of the following rivers rises in lake Lan-Ka Africa.
Tso in Tibet? • Africa is also known as Dark Continent.
Sutlej • Highest point of South America is Mount
Volga River pours its water into Caspian Sea it is Aconcagua (Argentina) and lowest point is Valdes
longest river of Europe. Peninsula (Argentina).
• Don is a river of Russia. • Highest Point of North America is Mount Mckinley
• Lake Erie (N.America) is most polluted lake in the and the lowest point is Death Valley (California,
world. USA).
• Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada is largest man- • Highest point of Africa is Kibo, a peak of
made lake in USA. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) and lowest point is Lake
• Baikal Lake is in Siberian desert. Assal (Djibouti).
• Palk Bay lies b/w Gulf of Mannar and Bay of • Highest point of Europe is Mount El’brus and the
Bengal. lowest point is Caspian Sea.
• Panama Canal connects Atlantic Ocean with • Highest point in Antarctica is Vinson Massif.
Pacific Ocean. • Highest point in Australia is Mount Kosciusko (New
• 3- Gorges Dam is in China South Wales) and the lowest point is Lake Eyre
• Indus originates from Tibet near Mansorowar Lake. (South Australia).
• The Victoria Falls in Africa is located on river • The lowest point of the North America is the Death
Zambezi. It is the highest fall of Africa. Valley located in California.
• Mt Merapi is located on Java. • Danube River flows in Austria.
• Which is the longest river in Australia? Murray- • Victoria River is the chief source of River Nile.
Darling Gulf Stream is an ocean current named
after the Gulf of Mexico.
• The panch Pokhri Lake situated in the Himalaya
Mountains is the highest lake in the world.
• Aswan dam is in Egypt.
• Word Tsunami is of Japanese language.
• Largest coral reef is in Australia.
• Colorado River forms Grand Canyon.
• River Rhine is in Western Europe.
Dardanelles connects black Sea and Mediterranean. New Zealand
Black sea is so called because a dense fog prevails • Indian city Mumbai consists of seven islands.
there in winter. • The famous Island located at the mouth of the
The river Jordan flows out into the Dead Hudson river is Manhattan
sea River Mekong flows in Vietnam. • Sugar Island is the located at the confluence of
• River Thames flows in Southern England. Ganga and the Bay of Bengal.
• River boat Gondola is used in Italy’s city Venice. • Cathy Pacific is an island.
• Hydespes River is now called the Jhelum River.
• The length of Panama Canal is 50072 miles. FAMOUS DESERTS
• At the equator, the equation of the day is 12 hours.
• Meridan means mid-day.
• Thar desert is located in Northwest India and East
• Shale is not a metamorphic rock. Pakistan Dsht-i-Lut desert is in Iran.
The world’s largest desert Sahara is located in
FAMOUS ISLANDS Africa.
Rub Alkali desert is in Saudi
• St. Helena is in Atlantic Ocean. Arabia. Kalhari desert is in South
• Largest island in Indian Ocean is Madagascar. Africa.
• Sumatra is an island in Indonesia. Gobi desert is in Mongolia & China.
• The largest island in the world Greenland is located The Atacama Desert is located in North Chile, South
in North America. What is the worlds oldest desert - country
America. (Check it) named after it-Namib Namib Desert is in South-
• Greenland is geographically in America but West Africa.
politically in Europe. • Simpson Desert is in Australia.
• Kalaalit Nunaat (Greenland) Island (Denmark), the • Great Victoria Desert is in Australia.
largest island is in North Atlantic • Kalhari desert is in South Africa.
• New Guinea is world’s second largest island. • Arabian Desert is in Egypt.
• Virgin Island is a group of 100 Island in W.Indies. • Death Valley desert is in California.
• Canary Island is in Spain. • Gibson Desert is in Australia.
• The largest Island in the Mediterranean Sea is • Great Sandy Desert is in Australia.
Sicily. • Karakum desert is in Turkmenistan.
• Malaqasv (Madagascar) is in Indian Ocean. • Kavir Dasht Davir desert is in Iran.
• Baffin is in North Atlantic Ocean (Canadian). • Nafud desert is in Saudi Arabia.
• Sumatra is in Northest Indian Ocean (Indonesia). • Rub-el-Khali desert is in South Arabian Peninsula.
• Neaw Zealand is in South Pacific Ocean. • Sonoran desert is in Arizona to Mexico.
• Borneo Island is in Pacific Ocean. • Taklimankan is desert in China.
• Honshu Island is in North West Pacific. • Deserts in Asia are: Gobi, Karakum, Rub-al-Khali,
• Great Britain Island is in North Atlantic. Taklamakan.
• Victoria Island is in Arctic Ocean. • Takla Makan desert is in Xinjing (China).
• Baffin Island is in Atlantic Ocean. • Deserts in Africa are: Kalhari, Namib, and Sahara.
• Ellesmere Island is in Arctic Ocean.
• Galapagos Islands are in Pacific Ocean. CITIES ON RIVER BANKS
• Indonesia consists of 1300 islands.
• World’s largest Delta is Sunderlands (India).
• Venice stands on what river-The Arno New York
• Paracel Islands are of.... china vs Vietnam
is on River Hudson’s bank.
• Which country owns the Hen and Chicken islands:
North island • Budapest is located on the bank of Danube river.

• Paris is situated on the river Rhine. • Marco Polo (Italian) reached China through India.
• River passing through Paris... The Siens Paris is Vescoda gama (Portuguese) discovered sear route
located ont eh bank of Seine river. from Europe to India.
• Agra is on the bank of Jamuna River. • Pedro Alvarez Cabral (Portuguese) discovered
• On river Danube Budapest is located. Brazil.
• On river Siene Paris is located. • George Lord Anson (English) sailed around the
• Montreal is situated on the bank of river Ottawa earth.
The city of Bonn is situated in Germany Calcutta • Charles A.Lindberg (American) made first non-stop
is situated on Hoogli River. solo flight across the Atlantic.
• Belgrade stands on the river Danube. • Various (Portugese) discovered Sri Lanka.
• Rome is located beside the river Timber. • C.F. Blair (US) made the first solo flight over the
• Attock lies on River Indus. Baghdad lies on Tigris. Arctic. Sir Vivian Fuchs and Edmund Hillary (US)
• Bahawalpur lies on Sutlej. first crossing of the Antarctic continent.
• Basra lies on Shatt-al-Arab. • G.H. Wilkins (Australian) flew over the South Pole.
• Bedford lies on Danube. • CIS are landlocked countries of Asia.
• Berlin lies on Spree.
• Bonn (Germany) lies on Rhine. WORLD COUNTRIES
• Brussels (Belgium) lies on Senno.
• Budapest (Hungary) lies on Danube. • Buckingham palace is the residence of British king
• Cairo lies on Nile. and Queen is in London.
• Kolkata lies on Hoogli. • 10 Downing Street is the residence of British PM.
• Chittagong lies on Karnaphuli. • Queen’s house is the official residence of Sri
• Dhaka lies on Boori Ganga. Lankan president. Great Wall of China was built in
• Damascus lies on Barada. the reign of Shih Huang-ti
• Delhi lies on Jumna. • Wakhan is a narrow strip of land, which separates
• Hyderabad (Sindh) lies on Indus. Afghanistan from Pakistan.
• Jhelum lies on River Jhelum.
Kanpur lies on Ganges. Ten Largest Nations By Area
Khartoom lies on Blue and White Nile. 1. Russia
Lahore lies on Ravi. 2. Canada
London lies on Thames. 3. China
• Mosul lies on Tigris. 4. USA
Paris lies on Seine. 5. Brazil
Rohri lies on Indus. 6. Australia
• Rome lies on Tiber. 7. India
• Tokyo lie on Sumida. 8. Argentina
• Sukkur lies on Indus. 9. Kazakhstan
• Washington lies on Vistula. Wazirabad lies on 10. Sudan
Chenab. By Population
• Dublin is situated at the mouth of river Liffey 1. China
• Moscow is situated on the bank of river Moscow. 2. India
• Khartoum is situated on the bank of Nile River. 3. USA
• Bhawalpur is situated at the bank of Sutlej. 4. Indonesia
• What city is at the mouth of the Menam river- 5. Brazil
Bangkok 6. Russia
7. Pakistan
8. Bangladesh
GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES 9. Japan
10. Nigeria
• Eric the Red discovered Greenland.

• Smallest by area and population is Vatican City. • 17th parallel line is the boundary line between North
Second smallest by area is Monaco Gibraltar is Vietnam and the South Vietnam.
the smallest colony. • 24th parallel Line lies in Rann of Kutch. It is frontier
• The world’s smallest republic is Nauru. between Pakistan and India.
• Canada has the world’s longest coastline. • 38th Parallel line is the boundary between North and
• Monaco has a shortest coastline of 3.49 miles. South Korea.
• Largest continuous frontier is b/w Canada and USA. • 49th Parallel Line is the boundary line between
• Canada is the country with most lakes. Canada and the USA.
• Most sparsely populated territory is Antarctica. Plimsoll Lime is a horizontal line on a merchant ship
• Most densely populated continent is Asia. to which a ship the upper limit to which a ship may be
• Afghanistan, Bhutan, Mongolia, Nepal are legally loaded.
landlocked countries of Asia. Dead line is a boundary line around a military prison
• Extreme temperature was recorded in Aziziya which prisoners are forbidden to cross.
(Libya) 58° C in 1922. • Durand line is 1300-mile long frontier b/w Pakistan &
• Lowest temp: was recorded at Vostok, Antarctica - Afghanistan demarcated in 1893-95. it has over 200
89.2° C. passes. Green line is a painted line in Nicosia
• Highest rainfall is recorded at Cherrapunji (India). (Cyprus) that serves as a demarcation line b/w
• Greatest snow fall is recorded at Tamarack Greek & Turkish Cypriot communities.
California (USA) • Maginot line is French line of fortification built in
• Planetary winds consist of doldrums, trace winds WWII along the German border form Switzerland to
and westerlies. Belgium. It divides France from Germany.
• Alexandria is the famous city of Egypt; it is also an • Maginot line divides France from Germany.
important seaport. • Mannerheim line was defensive fortification line on
• Rainfall is recorded on maps by Isohyets. the Karelian Isthmus built by Finland against the
Soviet Union.
• Oder-neisse Line was boundary b/w Germany &
IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHICAL LINES Poland during WWII.
IMPORTANT STREETS
• A Curzon line is the polish-Russian frontier setup in
1945.
• Dead line is the line or boundary of a military prison, • Bond Street is located in London. It is famous for
which prisoners are not allowed to cross. tailoring and jewelry.
• Green Line is a demarcation line between the Greek • Dalal Street is located in Mumbai (India). It is the
and Turkish Cypriot communities. stock exchange market of Mumbai.
• Hindenburg line separates Germany from Poland. • Drowning Street No. 10 is located at Westminster
• Pak-Iran borderline was demarcated on 24 th Sep: (England). It is famous for the official residence of
1872. the British Prime Minister. It was named after Sir
• Line of control is b/w Azad Kashmir & Occupied George Drowning, a diplomat under Cromwell and
Kashmir. King Charles II.
• Mc Mohan line is the boundary line between India • Elgin Street is located in Scotland. It is the world’s
and China. It was demarcated in 1914. shortest street.
• Radcliff line is the boundary between Pakistan and • Young Street is located in Toronto (Canada). It is
India. It was demarcated in 1947 by Sir Cyril the longest street in the world.
Radcliff. • Vicolo della virilita is the world’s narrowest street.
• Canal Street is the widest street in USA.

• Broadway (USA) is famous for various theaters and • Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty relating to
cinema halls. It is regarded as biggest street in the environmental problems.
world. • Hazrat Baha-ud-Din Zaklariaya belongs to Chistia
• Fleet Street is in London where newspaper offices order.
and press agencies are located. • The longest river in South Asia is Brahmputra.
• The busiest shopping centre of London is Oxford • The length of river Indus is 2880 km.
Street • The oldest Hydro-electric Project in Pakistan is in
• Lombart Street is located in San Francisco. This Malakand.
street is also called the Crookedest Street. It is the • The oldest barrage on the river Indus at Sukkur was
financial centre in San Francisco. built in 1932.
• Wall Street is located in New York. It was built in • Europe has no desert.
1653. It is famous for banking, finance and stock • Arabia, Scandinavia & Alaska are called Peninsula.
exchange market. • The richest fishing ground in the world is North
• In which London Street is the US embassy- Eastern Asia.
Grosvener Square. • When one place on the earth is on a bigger eastern
longitude then its time will be ahead.
GENERAL • Arakan Yoma: is the extension of the Himalayas
located in Myanmar.
• The country, which provides free education at • Cardamom: Karnataka is the largest producer of
university level, is Sri Lanka. cardamom.
• The country to adopt gold standard for the first time India is the largest exporter of cardamom in the
was UK. world.
• Roman general Mark Anthony was a poor • Climograph: is a graphical representation of the
fisherman. differentiation between various types of climate.
• 6 people lost lives in the Great Fire of London in • Cosmic year: One cosmic year is equal to the time
1666. taken by the sun to complete one orbit around the
• Bofors scandal occurred in India. galactic centre.
• First system of English short hand was devised in • Date Line, International: International Date Line is
1602. an internationally agreed line drawn parallel to the
• China is situated in Eastern part of Asia. 180° meridian. It divides the Pacific Ocean into two
Afghanistan is a landlocked country Central Asia equal parts. A crossing of the International Date
(Chk) Bosnia-Herzegovina joined the UN on May Line entails repeating one day when travelling
22, 1992. westwards.
Capital of Micronesia is Palikir. • Aberdeen in Scotland is known for Britain’s largest
Costa Rica is a Central American graniteexporitng industry. It is knwn as Granite City.
country. Equator passes through Brazil. • Alexander (ship) is the name of the ship in which
After Australia, Europe is the smallest continent. Charles Darwin toured for five years.
Sakhalin Islands enriched with oil reserves are • Which of the following is a characteristic of
claimed by Russia & Japan. sedimentary rocks?
Changa Manga is famous for sisham Timber forests. They are porous
The total length of railways in Pakistan is 8875 km. • When does the summer solstice occur in the
• Sialkot has the highest annual rainfall. Southern
• The largest district of Punjab by area is Hemisphere of our globe? 22nd December
Bahawalpurj.
• Mediterranean climate has the characteristic of ‘dry
• Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance was
summers with great sunshine and rainy winters’
enforced in 1984.
• Precipitation takes place whentemperature of
• Frost shattering kind of weather takes place on the moisture in air sharply decreases
valley side above the surface of a glacier.
• Which of the following processes is related to the
• Monsoon wind reverses seasonlally. formation of
Himalayas? Folding

• The term ‘Eye’ in a cyclone refers to circular region
of relatively light Winds
• Gold Harp bridge of Istanbul connects Asia with
Europe.
• 193 countries are in world.
Land occupied by Asia 29.7 %.
Thickness of earth crustes 20 miles.

Max height of cloud 20,000. • Only planet whose day is longer than its year is
• Rainfall is recorded on maps by Isohyets. Venus
• 45 Countries are there in Asia, 18 in Latin America. • Brightest visible star is Sirus
• A meteorological term for a high pressure is called • Star nearest to earth is Sun
anticyclone. • Atmosphere of sun has 3 layers
• Sun spots are the cooler areas of sun
UNIVERSE • In 28 days moon returns to the same position in its
• Cheron is the moon of Pluto orbit The light coming from stars give the idea of
• Total number of satellites are 31 (chk: 50) their temperature.
• Blue color of sky is due to Tyndal Effect • A light year is equal to 9.46 trillion km
• Our solar system contains 50 satelites • Sun radiated energy equal to 10 trillion of TNT
• Total planets in solar system are 8 explosion
• Distance of sun from earth is 150 million km = 1 a.u • Mercury is nearest to the sun, smallest and fastest
(angstrom unit) planet, with shortest rotation time. Moon = 0
• Moon from earth is 385,000 km • Venus is the brightest, hottest, closest to earth and
• Outer surface of sum is called photosphere earth’s twin in size and mass, has largest quantity
• Sun has 90% hydrogen, 8% helium and 2% other of CO2 Moon = 0 Earth is most dense, watery, bios
elements. planet. Moon = 1
• Temperature at surface of sun is 6000K and at its This is an instrument used for measuring the
center 20 million K altitude of a
celestial body: sextant
• Venus reflects highest percentage of light
Mars moon = 2- Phobos and Deimos
Morning star is called to Venus. Venus is the only Mars is named after the Roman god of war.
planet that rotates clockwise Rhea is the fifth Mars is called Red planet
natural satellite of Saturn. Mars is half the size of earth
• Speed of earth in orbit around sun is 8.5 miles per Europa is a moon of Mars (chk:)
second. Mars contain atmosphere of carbondioxide
• The only planet which rotates on its axis from East • Jupiter is largest, with largest number of satellites,
to West is
smallest day, with a red spot. Moon = 63 Jupiter
Uranus
is 11(or 10) times larger than earth Europa is the
• Uranus is called lopsided planet
moon of Jupiter.
• Uranus contain atmosphere of Hydrogen and
• CHIIRON is the larges comet in the universe.
Helium Period of rotation of earth on axis is 1 day • Solar eclipse occurs at new moon
or 23 hrs, 56 minutes & 4.09 seconds.
• Sun is 400 times larger than moon Lunar eclipse
• Period of revolution of Earth around Sun is 356 occurs at full moon.
days, 6 hrs, 9 minutes & 9.54 seconds.
• Halos around the moon are formed because of the
• Volume of Earth is 260 billion cubic miles. phenomenon of (optical phenomena)
• Weight of earth is 6586x10 power 18 tons • Jupiter is the fastest planet of the solar system
• Rings of Saturn were discovered by Galileo in 1610 • The Asteroid Belt is found between which of the
• Titan, the largest moon in solar system is of Saturn following planets? Mars and Jupiter
• Triton is a satellite of Neptune
• The visible part of the Sun is called Photosphere
• Planet referred as Morning Star and Evening Star is
Corona is the outer most halo of the Sun.
Venus Venus’ atmosphere is 90 times thicker
• Mercury and Venus are without Satellites.
than earth’s.
• The largest crater on the surface of moon is called
• The temperature of Venus’ surface is about 430
to Bailly.
deg: C
• The earth is calculated to b 4540 million years old.
• Biggest Comet known to man is kohoutek
• A ‘shooting star’ is a meteor.

• At 7050 km per hour, Sun rotate on its axis. • Moon has 7% reflection as compared to earth (i.e
• 510 million square kilometers is the total surface poor reflection)
area of the earth. • Moon has 1/6th gravitation as that of earth
• The northern polar lights are called Aurorae • Moon’s 59% surface is visible from earth
Borealis, and southern polar lights are called • Mass of moon is 1/8th to that of the earth
Aurorae Australis. • Moon has no atmosphere
• The pulsating universe theory explains the • Sun is closer to earth in January
evolution of universe. • At perihelion, earth is nearest tosun
• 760 miles/hr is the speed of sound. • Earth’s axis is inclined at an angle of 66 ½ deg: to
• 1480, 00,000 km is the distance from sun to earth. the plane of its orbit around the sun or the axis is
• Temperature of Sun is 6000 degree C. Saturn is inclined at 23 ½ deg: from the vertical.
least dense moon = 56 Saturn is the second • Soros cycle is the largest interval between two total
largest planet. solar eclipses about 18 years
• Planet with maximum number of moons is Saturn • Sun has 27 day rotation period
• Planet with ring is Saturn • Moon’s rotation period is equal to the Earth’s
• Uranus moon = 12, Uranus gives greenish glow • Rotation period of earth is 23hrs, 56min, 4sec
• Earth rotates around on axis pointing towards the
Neptune is the coldest, slowest, largest year
Polar Star
Neptune has 8 moons.
• Revolution period is 365 ¼ days = 365.25 days, ¼
• Rank of earth as per size is Fifth
is added for leap year
• Revolution period of earth is 365.25 days
• Duration of day at poles is 6 months.
• In a leap year there are 29 days in Febrary
• Equinox means equal days and nights
• Earth is older than moon
• Sun’s energy is called Insulation
• Sun light takes 8.3 min to reach earth or 510
• The visible yellow face of sun is called Photosphere
seconds Time required to moon light to reach
• The gravity of sun is 28 times greater than that of
earth is 1.3 seconds Light can circle earth 7 times earth
in a second. • Moon completes 13 circles in a year around earth
• Sun is 109 times bigger than earth. Light travels • Sun is 13 x 10 power 5 times larger than earth
fastest in vaccum • Maximum duration of solar eclipse is 7 min 40 sec
• Rhea is the fifth natural satellite of saturn • Sun reaches its maximum angular distance from
• Coldest, smallest and farthest planet Neptune Equator at
• Asteroids are small planets revolving round the sun Solistice
• Sun is the brightest star in the universe • Millions of asteroids orbit the sun in the asteroid
• A shooting star is called a meteor belt between Mars and Jupiter
• Our galaxy is spiral known as Milky Way
• Asteroids (minor planets) are make of rock, metal
• Shape of our milky way is spiral or a mixture of both.
The milky way extends through the distance of 10
• First asteroid discovered was Ceres by Italian
power 5 light years
astronomer Guiseppe Piazzi in 1801.
• Super Nova is a dying star
• Ceres is the largest asteroid
Nearest spiral galaxy to Milky Way is Andromeda
• Chiron is one of several distant asteroids which
galaxy
orbit between
Nearest start to our sun is Alpha Centauri
Jupiter and Uranus
• Biggest star in our galaxy is Proxima Centauri
• The largest crater on the surface of moon is called
• A collection of galaxies is called cluster
to Bailly.
• Moon is 81 times lighter than earth
• Corona is the outer most halo of the Sun.

• Comet is made of ice and dust • In the Solar system there are 2 Mount Olympus's
• Edmond Halley was the first to calculate the path of Greece and where-Mars
a comet and predict when it would be seen again. • What is the brightest star always in the Northern
• Halley’s comet was named in his honor though he sky-Vega The most common element in the
did not discover it. universe is Nitrogen.
The patterns in stars are called constellations. • Hydra is the largest of the 88 constellations found in
In 1930, astronomers finally agreed how to divide the universe. It covers about 3.16 % of the entire
the whole sky into 88 areas, which are called sky.
constellations. Closest star is Gienah • The M-class supergiant Betelgease with a diametre
Speed of light is 3,00,000 km/sec of 700 million kms is the largest star of the
Which planet is named after the Roman god of war? universe. It is about 500 times greater than the sun.
Mars Galaxies are the families of stars. • What is the common name for the star Sirius: Dog
About 80% of galaxies are elliptical and other are Star
spiral Elliptical galaxies contain very little gas and • Pluto (the Planet) was almost called what name-
dust and hardly any new stars are born in them. Zeus
• Spiral galaxies are disk shaped and usually have • When a satellite is closest to Earth its position is
clouds of dust and gas where new stars are born. called Perigee
• Light travels at 3,00,000 km/s. the speed at which • 30 km/s is the approximate mean velocity with
you can round the world seven times in very which earth moves round the Sun in its orbit.
second. • The earth’s reflectivity of solar radiation is termed
• Light takes 8 minutes to reach the earth from sun. as albedo.
• In space light travels 9461 million million km in a • Joseph von Fraunhofer was the first to explain the
year. presence of dark lines in the sun’s spectrum.
Astronomers call this distance a light-year. • Light of sun reaches the earth in 499 seconds
• Two planets Earth’s could fit side by side inside the • Hale-Bopp comet was the most distant comet ever
Great Red Spot of Jupiter. discovered which became visible in December
• Jupiter’s volcanic moon is called IO and other 1996.
moons are Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. What is the name of the largest moon of Jupiter-
• Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system. Ganymede
• Europa is the moon of Jupiter M31 is the nearest galaxy to us - what is its other
• The moon has no atmosphere because its name-
gravitational pull is not strong enough to hold an Andromeda
atmosphere The earth is the densest planet of universe .It has
• Chondrite meteorites are the oldest rocks in the density of 5.515 time that of water.
solar system. • Halos around the moon are formed because of the
• Venus is the only planet that rotates clockwise. phenomenon of optical phenomena.
• ‘Galileo Satellites’, named after their discoverer, are • What is unique about the pistol star- Brightest in
four large moons of the planet sky
• Mars contain atmosphere of Carbon dioxide and • Name the first teddy bear in space- Mishka 1980
Uranus contain atmosphere of Hydrogen and Olympic mascot
Helium. • What celestial body gets its name from the Greek
• Venus is about the same size as Earth. long haired
• Venus’s atmosphere is 90 times thicker than our. It Comet
traps so well that the temperature of Venus’s • What's unusual about the moons of Uranus-Named
surface is about 430 degree centigrade. Shakespeare characters
• Closest star is (Gienah) 680,000 million, million,
kilometers. ADVENTURES IN SPACE
• Nicolous Copernicus (1473-1543) was born in
Poland. He was the first to explain the solar system. • First artificial satellite was Sputnik-I sent by Soviet
• Chiron is one of several distant asteroids with orbits Union on October 4, 1957
between Jupiter and Uranus. • Sputnik-II on November 3, 1957 took a female dog
Laika into space

• On July 20, 1969 US Apollo 11 touched down the 1979 and Galileo in 1995 were missions sent
moon Skylab was launched in 1973 by US. to Jupiter Astronomers know of over 50
• What country launched its first space rocket January moons orbiting Jupiter.
1961-Italy • Vostok I carried first man in space.
• What happened to Laika first dog in space • Telstar, the world’s first communication satellite was
Suffocated no air burned re-entry launched in 1962.
• A Russian space programs name meant East what Mercury project, first manned space programme of
was it USA, carried the first American into space on 5 th
Vostok May 1961.
• What was the first man made object to leave the Sputnik II, first artificial satellite was launched on 3
solar system Nov: 1957.
Pioneer 10 Lovell telescope is at Jodrell Bank (Site for space
observatory). Yuri Gagarin (Russia) cosmonauts
• Voyager I, spacecraft introduced ring system of
became first traveler in space in 1961.
Jupiter.
• Escape velocity is 24800 miles/hour or 7 miles/sec • The first American Astronaut to go into space was
• First human in space is Yuri Gagrin 1961 on USSR Allen
• Appolo crew returned to earth with 382 kg of moon Shepherd
soil • Russian Cosmonaut valley polyakov holds the
• First space scientist was Henry Quendish record for the longest stay in space. He spent 437
• Man entered in space on 14 October 1957 days in orbit in the Mir Space Station.
• First American shuttle to land on moon named • What was the first food consumed on the moon in
“Bamini” in Apollo 11-
March, 1966 Turkey
• First woman in space was Valentine Khurachoof in • The first person to orbit the earth in space. John
14 June, Glenn Columbia Space shuttle broke up on re-
1963 entry to Earth on Feb 1, 2003.
• America launched its first space station in 1973 • Skylab was space laboratory launched in 1973 by
• In 1979 Sky Lab was destroyed in earth’s USA. First women in space Valentine Tereshkove
atmosphere went into space in Vostoc 6 on 16 June 1963.
• In 1986, Russia launched its space station Mir • On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldren
• Hubble telescope launched in April 243, 1990 landed on the moon.
through
Discovery Shuttle
PAKISTAN STUDIES
• Apollo XI enabled man to step on moon
• Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the
record for the longest stay in space. He spent 437 PRE-PARTITION
days in orbit in the Mir Space Station.
• The first American Astronaut to go into space was • Who amongst the following were the first to invade
Allen Shepherd. India? Arabs
• Real name of Mohd: bin Qasim was Amadudin
• First space vehicle to land on moon was Luna-9 Mohammad
Voyager I, spacecraft introduced ring system of (Pillar of Deen).
Jupiter.
• Mohd: Bin Qasim was nephew and son-in-law of
• Pioneer 10 and 11 launched in 1973 and 1974,
Hajjaj bin Yousuf the Governor of Iraq (Omayad
voyager 1 & 2 in
Period). He came to Sindh with 12 thousand men.

• Mohd: bin Qasim conquered Sindh during
Ummayads.
• Siskar was Waziir of Dahir.
• Mohd: bin Qasim tortured to death in Iraq by
Sulaiman.
• The Abbasid governor Hisham came to Sindh in 757
A.D.
• Shabudding Ghori was the founder of Islamic State
in India.
• Qutubudin Aibk was the founder of slave dynasty
after Ghoris.
• Ghiyasuddin Tughluq was the first sultan of Tughluq
dynasty.
• Aurangzeb reimposed ‘Jaziya’?
• Ibn Batutah visited India in reign of Muhammad-bin
Tughluq Babur used artillery in warfare.
Emperor Shahjahan= Khurram Shihab-ud-din
Akbar prohibited the practice of Sati?
• Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya’s Dargah is located at
Delhi.
• Baba Farid Gang Shakar was the first Punjabi poet.
• Waris shah is called the ‘Shakespeare of Punjabi
literature’. Tomb named Khawaja Moin ud Din
Chisti is in Ajmer.
• Hazrat Bullay Shah was a famous Sufi poet of
Punjabi language. His tomb is in the city of Kasur.
• Thatta was the capital city of Sindh during Argons
and Turkans Mohd: bin Tughlaq introduced
tokens currency firstly.
• Akbar the Great was born in Umar Kot.
• Shalamar Bagh was built by Shah Jahan
(Shahabuddin Mohd:
Shah Jahan) (also called Shahzada
Khuram) Jahan Ara begum was the
daughter of Shah Jahan
• Mehmood set out on Somnath on17 Oct: 1024 A.D.

1st battle of Tarrin was fought b/w Mohd: Ghouri • Ani- Muslim Arya Samaj (1877) was founded by
& Rajput (1191), Ghori was defeated. In 1192 Dayanand Sirasoti. Arya Samaj was founded in
A.D, the 2nd battle of Tarrin, Ghori wins. 1875 (chk) In 1805, British made Sri Lanka a
Ahmed Shah Abdali was the King of Kabul. colony.
Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Marhatas in 1761. • British annexed NWFP in 1849.
• Pan Islamism introduced by Jamaludding Afghani. • Wardha scheme written by Zakir Hussain.
• Nadir Shah of Iran invaded Delhi during the period • Sati was abolished by Lord William Bantink.
of Mohd: • First census in India made during the period of Lord
Shah Rangila (The Moughal Emperor). Mayo. Moen-jo-DAro & Herapa discovered in
• Original name of Tippu Sultan was Nawab Fateh 1922.
Ali. • Sir John Marshal ordered digging of Moen jo Daro
• 4th May 1799 was the day of Shahadat of Tippu in 1922.
Sultan. • East India Company was formed in 1600 in London.
• The original name of Sultan Siraj Doullah (the • In India French East India company was
Nawab of Bengal) was Mirza Mohd: established in 1664.
• Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757 b/w Clive and • Raishmi Romal campaign started by Ubaidullah
Siraj-udDaula which established British rule in Sindhi before war of Independence.
Bengal. Sindh was annexed by Birtish in 1847 • War of Independence started on 7 th May 1857 from
and was separated from Bombay in 1935 vide India Delhi.
Act 1935. • Lord Canning was the Governor General of India
• First war of freedom was fought in 1757 b/w Siraju during Sepoy Mutiny.
Doullah and Rober Clive. • In India the first gate of enterance of Europeans
• Sh. Ahmed Sirhandi is known as Majaddid Alf Sani. was Bengal.
• Sheikh Ahmad Sirhandi was born in 1564. • At Meerath firstly the war of independence was
• Mausm Khan, soldier of Titu Mir was sentenced to fought. War of independence started on 9 th May
death. 1857.
• Hajatullah al-Balaghah written by Shah Waliullah. The first Viceroy of the subcontinent was Lord
• Shah waliullah born in 1703. Shah Waliullah died in Canning.
1763. Queen’s Proclamation was made in 1858.
• Shah Alam II was an ally of Mir Qasim in the Battle Indian National Congress made by Allan O. Hume
of Buxar. in 1885.
• During Jehangir’s reign Sir Thomas Roe and First president of Congress was W.C. Benerjee. 72
Captain Hawkins visited Moghul court to secure members attended the first meeting of Congress at
commercial privileges. Bombay out of them only 2 were Muslims.
• Real name of Shah Waliullah was Ahmed and his • Warren Hastings was the first Governor General of
historical name was Azimuddin. Bengal.
• Haji Shareetullah of Bengal was the founder of • Hindi-Urdu controversy started in 1867.
Farazi Tehriz in 1802. Farazi Tehriz meant to pay • Mohsin-ul-Mulk founded Urdu Defence Association.
more attention on fundamental of Islam. Syed Ahmed Khan born on 17 th Oct: 1817 in Delhi
• Syed Ahmed of Rai Brelli (Oudh) was the founde of & died March 241898 at Ali Gargh.
Jehad Tehrik against Sikhs. He was martyred at • Sir Syed is buried in Ali Garh Muslim University.
Balakot (NWF) in 1831. • Tahzibul Ikhelaque was published in 1870. (1867
• Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764. chk) Asrar-us-Sanadeed was compiled by Sir
• Haji Shariat Ullah was born in 1781 Syed Ahmed Khan.
• The main aim of Brahma Samaj was Reform in • Sir Syed wrote Loyal Mohammandan’s of India &
Hinduism. Causes of Indian Revolt.
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahma Samaj. • Hayate-e-Javed is written by Maulana Hali about Sir
Syed.

• In Indai English education was first initiated in • Bengal divided in East Bengal (Muslim Bengal) &
Bengal in 1835. West Bengal (Hindu Bengal) in July 1905 by Lord
• Shah Waliullah was born in Delhi. Curzon. Capital of Muslim Bengal was Dacca and
• Shah Abdul Rahim established Madressah that of Hindu Bengal was Calcutta.
Rahimiya. The partition of Bengal was annulled on 12 th Dec:
• Scientific society was established in 1863. 1911 by King George-V and Queen Marry.
• Albert Bill was presented in 1883 The president of Simla Deputation (1 st Oct: 1906)
• The British separated NWFP from Punjab in 1901; was Agha Khan III and secretary was Mohsanul
Lord Curzon was then the viceroy and GG of British Mulk.
India. Muslim League founded on 30 Dec: 1906 at Decca.
• Mohammadan Educational Conference was formed ML was formed in the annual session of Muslim
on 27 Dec: Educational Conference in Decca with the proposal
1886 by Sir Syed. of Nawab Salimullah.
• Muhammadan Literacy Society of Calcutta founded The HQ of ML was established at Lucknnow.
in 1860. • Initial membership of ML was 400.
• “Indian Patriotic Association” was founded in 1861. • Mohd: Ali Johr wrote the constitution of ML: The
• Nidwatul Ulema (1884) was founded by Molvi Abdul Green Book.
Ghafoor • Inagural session of ML was presided by Nawab
Qasim Nativi. Nadvat-ul-Ulema was founded in Samiullah. Inagural address was delivered by
1894 and Maulvi Nawab Vikarul Mulk.
Abdul Ghafoor was its founder.(Check it) • First session of ML was held on 30 th Dec: 1907 at
• Darul-ul Deoband (1867) was founded by Mohd: Karachi.
Qasim Nanavatavi. • First session of ML held in Karachi 31 st Dec: 1907
• MAO College founded on Jan: 8, 1877 and was presided over by Adamjee Pri Bhai of Bombay.
inaugurated by Governor General Lord Lyton. • The original name of Mohsanu-ul-Mulk was Mehdi
• Present Sindhi alphabets made by Sir Barter Frere Ali Khan.
• Original name of Waqaul Mulk was Molvi Mohd:
in 1883. Anjuman-e-himayat-Islam was founded
Shah.
in 1884.
• 1st President of ML was Agha Khan III. (Upto
• Sindh Madrasa built by Hassan Ali Afandi on 1st
1913).
Sep: 1885.
• Sir Agha Khan remained permanent president of
• DJ (Diwan Dayaram Jethmal) Science College was
ML till 1913.
opened by Governor of Bombay Lord Reay on 17 th
• First VC of Aligarh University was Agha Khan 3.
Jan: 1887.
• Agha Khan III was born in Karachi and was buried
• Islamia High School Peshawar was founded in in Egypt.
1890. • Real name of Agha Khan III was Sultan Mohd:
• Muslim Aligargh University was established in 1920. Shah.
• Treaty of Amritsar took place in 1876. • First secretary general of ML was Hussain Bilgrami.
• Kashmir was sold to Gulab Singh in 1845. • 2nd President of ML was Sir Ali Mohd: Khan when
• NWFP was given status of province in 1901. Agha Khan III resigned in 1913.
• Shakespeare (not William Shakespeare) was the
• Sir Mohammad Shafik was the second general
governor of Banarus.
secretary of Muslim League.
• Mohammadan Political Association was formed in
• Syyed Amir Ali established ML London in 1908.
1903.
• Quaid attended 1st time Muslim League session in
• Partition of Bengal announced on 1 st Sept: 1905 &
1912. (chk)
implemented on 16 Oct: 1905 by Lord Curzon.
• Quaid resigned from Imerial Legislative Council as
• Partition of Bengal annulled: 10 th Dec: 1911 by Lord a protest against Rowlatt Act in 1919.
Hardinge. Swadeshi movement was started • Quaid became ML president 1919-1924 (chk it).
against Partition of Bengal. • Quaid joined ML 10 Oct 1913.
• Syed Amir Ali resigned from ML in 1913.

• Quaid resigned from Congress and Home Rule • Khilafat was abolished in 1924.
League in Dec: 1920 (Nagpur Session) became ML • Last caliph of Turkish State was Abdul Majeed
president in 1916. (chk it) Afandi.
• Quaid held joint membership of ML & Congress for • Hijrat Movement took place in 1924
7 years i.e from 1913-1920 • Reshimi Roomal movement of 1915 started by
• He presided the ML Lucknow session of 1916 and Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hassan.
Delhi session of 1924, became permanent • Lord Rippon is associated with the Hunter
president of ML in 1934. Commission.
• Lord Minto came to India as viceroy in 1915. • Lord Dalhousie is associated with Wood’s Dispatch.
• Minto Morley reforms 1909: introduced separate Lord Cornwalls is associated with permanent
electorates. settlement of Bengal.
• Minto Morley reforms: Minto was Indian Viceroy and • Delhi proposals presented by Quaid-e-Azam in
Morley was state secretary for India. March 1927. Nehru Report was produced by
• Montague Chemsford Reforms came in 1919. Motilal Nehru in 1928.
• ML demanded principle of self-rule for India in 1913. • Shoaib Qureshi was one Muslim member who took
• Kanpur mosque incident took place in 1913. part in writing the Nehru Report.
• Jillanwalla Bagh is in Amritsar. It was place where a • 14 Points came in March 1929 from Delhi.
number of Indian killed by the English on 13 th April • Simon Commission visited India in 1928 and
1919. General Dair was the army commander of consisted of 7 members.
Amritsar during Jullianwala bagh slaughter (1919). • British cabinet minister Cripps came to India in
• Lucknow Pact came in Nov: 1916. March 1942. Civil Disobedience Movement
• Mrs. Annie Basent an English Parsi lady founded started by Gandhi on 12th March 1930.
home Rule Movement in 1916 after Lucknew pact. • Simon Commission submitted its report in 1930.
• Rowalt Act was passed in 1919. • Ist Session of Round Table Conference from
• Khilafat Movement started in 1919 and ended in 12Nov1930 to 19Jan1931. (Mohd: Ali Johar
March 1921. participated in it, Congress was absent.)
• All Indai Khilafat committee was founded in Bombay • Congress absent in 1st RTC, leaders were in jail due
on 5th Juley 1919 and Seth Chuttani became its first to civil disobedience.
president. • Leader in the 1st RTC was Agha Khan III.
First meeting of All Indai Khilafat Movement was • Quaid attended RTC 1, not attended RTC 2&3.
held on 23rd Nov: 1919 and was presided over by After RTC 1, he renounced politics and persued
Molvi Fazal Haq of Bengl.
lawyership. The PM of England during 1st
Its headquarter was at Bombay.
Roundtable was Ramshy Macdonald.
Khilafat day was observed on 27 th October 1919.
• 2nd Session of RTC from 7Sep1931 to 31 stSep1931.
Indian Khilafat Delegation met with Lloyd George.
Gandhi represented Congress.
Mopala uuprising in Malabar 1921.
• Gandhi-Irwin pact was made on March 5, 1931.
• Chauri Chuara incident tookplace in 1922.
• 3rd Session of RTC from 17Nov: 1932 to 24Dec:
• Non-cooperation movement was called off by
1932.
Gandhi because of Chauri-Chaura incident 1922.
• British opposition did not participate in RTC III.
• Shuddi and Sangathan movement was started at
Communal award published in 1932.
the end of Tahreek Khilafat.
• White Paper of RTC published in Marchi 1933.
• Sangathan movement was started by Pandit • Begum Shahnawaz attended one RTC.
Malavia.
• Mohd: Ali Johar Started Comrade & Hamdard
• Treaty of Lausanne was signed in 1923. (1912) from Calcutta.
• Mustafa Kamal: first president of Turkey on 23 rd Name of Bi-Aman was Abidi Begum. (Check Afridi
Oct: 1923. begum)
• Atta Turk means the father of Turks.

Mohd: Ali Johar born in1878 at Rampur and died at • Dinna, the daughter of Jinnah was born on 14 th
the age of 54 on 4ht Jan: 1931 at London and was August 1919.
buried in Bait-ulMukadas (Jerusalem). • Dinna married a Parsi boy named Navel Wadya.
Wife of Mohd: Ali Johar was Amjadi Begum. Jinnah left the lawyership after 23rd March 1940 nd
Moulana Shoukat Ali, the elder brother of Mohd: Ali returned to India in April 1934.
was born in 1872 and died on 28 th Nov: 1938 and • Pakistan national movement was founded by Ch:
buried at Jamia Mosque Delhi. Rahmat Ali.
• Zamidar (1903) started by Zafar Ali Khan from • Lilaquat Ali Khan Joined Muslim League in 1924.
Lahore. • Sindh separated from Bombay in 1935.
• Daily Dawn (1942) by Quaid. • The system of Dyarchy (Two authorities) was in
• Daily Jang (1940) by Mir Khalilur Rehman. operation from 1921-1937. (Check it).
• Daily al-Halal by Abdeul Kalam. • Dyarchy introduced in 1919 reforms and removed in
• Ch: Rehmat Ali is associated with Delhi Darbar. 1935 Act.
IN 1908, Iqbal was awarded Ph.D from Munich • E.S. Montague and Lord Chelmsford introduced
University for Persian Philosophy. dyarchy as a constitutional reform.
• Allama Iqbal born on 9th Nov: 1877 at Sialkot and • Dyarchy divided India into 8 major provinces
died on 21st (excluding Burma.) Jinnah-Rajendra Prasal
April, 1938 formula came in 1935.
• Moulvi Syed Mir Hassan tutored Allama Iqbal. • Provincial elections held in 1937.
• Iqbal was elected as a member of Punjab • Pirpur Report about congress ministries came in
Legislative Assembly in 1926 and chosen president 1938.
of ML in 1930. • Shareef report about Bihar came in 1939.
• Jinnah means Lion. • Muslims observed “Day of Deliverance” on 22 nd
• Jinnah means Thiner. He was 5 feet, 11 ½ inches in Dec: 1939.
height. A committee under the chairmanship of Raja
• Quaid got education of law from Lincolin’s Inn. Mohd: Mehdi was appointed to inquire into
• “Quaid” used by Molvi Mazharul Haq in newspaper congress ministries.
Al-Aman. Viceroy Lord Llinthgow offered August Offer in
• Wife of Quaid was Ratan Bai. 1940.
• Quid’s father was Jinnah Poonja. Cripps visited India in 1942.
• Jinnah Poonja was born in 1850 and married with Quit India movement started in1942.
Mithi Bai. Simla conference (June, 1945) was presented by
• Poonja was grandfather of Quaid. Lord Wavel.
• Jinnah joined Congress in 1906& in 1913 ML in • Wavel plan was made in 1945.
London. • In 1945, Labour Party came to power.
• Quaid born on 25th Dec: 1876 and died on 11 Sep: • In 1945 elections ML won 428 out of 492 seats.
1948. • In 1946, Quaid decided to join Interim govt in India.
• Jinnah joined ML on the insistence of Mohd: Ali In interim govt: ML got portfolis of Finance &
Johar and Syed Wazir Hassan. Liaquat Ali was Finance Minister.
• Jinnah got admission in at Gokal Das Teg primary • J.N.Mandal was the non-Muslim member who
school Bombay at the age of 10 he studied for 5 ½ became a minister in interim govt: on ML behalf.
months.
• On the arrival of Simon Commission, ML was
• Jinnah went to London and got law degree at the divided in to Mohd: Shafee & Quaid groups.
age of 18 from LINCONs INN.
• Unionist’s Ministry was in Punjab.
• Sir Dinsha was the father of Ratna (the wife of
• Fouinder of Unionist Party in Punjab was Sir Fazle
Jinnah). Hussain.
• Ratna embrassed Islam on 18th April 1918 and
• Sir Siney Rollet was the president of Rollet
married Jinnah on 19th April 1918. Before that she
Committee whose objective was to check Home
was Parsi. She died on 20th Feb: 1929 and was Rule Movement.
buried in Aram Bagh Bombay.

• Real name of Gandhi was Mohan Das Karam
Chand Gandhi.
• Burma separated from India in 1935 and was made
independent in 1947.
• Sindh asssembley passed the resoluation for the
creation of Pak: firstly on June 26, 1947.
• Lahore Resolution was presented in 27 th Session of
Muslim League at Monto Park (now Iqbal Park) on
23rd March 1940 by Fazal-al-Qaq of Bengal. Quaid
presided the session.
• Carthill wrote the book ‘last dominion’.
• “Divide and quit” is wtitten by Penderel Moon.
• “Mission with Mountbatten” written by Campbell
Johnson.
• Liaquat Desai pact was concluded in 1946.
• Cabinet mission announced its plan on 16 th May
1946.
• Cabinet Mission consisted of 8 members.
• ML accepted Cabinet Mission but Congress
rejected it.
• Muslim League observed direct action day on 16 th
August 1946.
• On 18th July 1947, British parliament passed Indian
Independence Bill.
• MP of England at the time of independence of Pak:
was Lord Cunet Iteley.
• Redcliffe Award announced on 15 th August 1947.
• On April 1947, All India State’s Conference was
held in Gawalior.
• Population of Bengal before part
POST-PARTITION
• National anthem of Pak: was played for first time on

13th August 1954 in front of Raza Shah Pahlavi of
Iran.
• Plan of division of Indo-Pak: announced on 3rd June
1947.
• Population of Pak: at it birth was 32 million.
• First head of state to visit Pak: in 1947 was Ameer
of Kuwait.
• First president to visit was of Indonesia.
• First opposition party of Pak: Jinnah Awami league
it was founded by Abudl hameed Bhashwani in
1950. Area of Pakistan 796,096 sq: km.

National anthem written by Hafiz Jalundri in • Pakistan applied for membership of UNO: 16th
Charage Sahar in Sinf of Makhmas. August, 1947
Music composed by Ahmed Ali Chagla. • What is the estimated number of people who
Flag of Pakistan designed by Ameeruding Qadwani. migrated on partition of India in 1947? 8,500,000
Ch: Kahliquzaman became president of ML after (dubbed as "largest migration in history" by
Quaid. Information office Delhi)
Ayub khan laid down foundation stone of Quaid’s • When did the Pakistan Assembly pass the
Mosulem. resolution for changing the name of West Punjab to
• Which airline helped movement of 35000 people Punjab? 07-01-1948
from Pakistan to India between Oct. 20 to Nov. 30, • When was it announced that Jinnah would be the
1947? (The same airline also moved 7000 Muslim Governor
Govt. officials and the families from Delhi to General of Pakistan? July 10, 1947
Pakistan). British Overseas Airways Corporation • The last Governor of the undivided Punjab? Sir
Pakistan's share 700 million was actually paid. Evan Jenkins
• Unanimously elected Quaid as President of the • What does RSS stand for? Rashtriya Swayam
Pakistan's first Constituent Assembly on Aug. 11, Sewak Sangh
1947 • Who was the Finance Minister in the first cabinet
• 27th August, 1947: Pakistan admitted as Member of of the
the Food and Agriculture Organization of UN Dominion of Pakistan? Ghulam Muhammad
• U.S. embassy in Karachi was established August • When did Liaquat Ali Khan move in the Constituent
15, 1947 Assembly that the title of "Quaid-e-Azam" be used
• The first US ambassador to Pakistan, Paul H. Alling, for Jinnah in official correspondence? Aug. 12,
was appointed on September 20, 1947. 1947
• Who was the British Prime Minister at the time of When was Jinnah's name was read in Khutaba at
the partition of the Pakistan colony mosque by the Sindh Education
India? Attlee Minister Pir Illahi
• When was it announced by that June 1948 had Bukhsh? Aug. 22, 1947
been determined as the date of withdrawal of British When was it announced that Jinnah would act as
power from India? Feb. 20, 1947 Legal Guide to the Assembly in drafting the
Constitution? Aug. 23, 1947 When was the
• Secretary of State for India in 1947: Lord Listowel
announcement made from Delhi for setting up a
• Viceroy of India from 1943 to 1947: Lord Wavell
Constituent Assembly for Pakistan? July 26, 1947
• Mountbatten arrive in Delhi: March 22, 1947
• Jinnah meet Lord Mountbatten first time: April 5, • When did Jinnah reach Karachi to take part in the
1947 first meeting of the Constituent Assembly? Aug. 7,
1947
• When did Lord Mountbatten announced the partition
plan on June 3, 1947 • 79 members in the first Constituent Assembly for
• Mountbatten addresses the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan?
Pakistan? 14th August, 1947 • When did Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
take oath as the first Governor General of Pakistan?
• Indian Independence Bill moved in the British Aug. 15, 1947
Parliament? July 4, 1947.
• Who administered the oath of M.A. Jinnah? Chief
• Time of creation of Pakistan12 a.m. at the night Justice of
between 14th and 15th August 1947?
Lahore High Court, Justice Abdur Rasheed
• Who first time announced in English "This is
• Who administered the oath of Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan
Pakistan Broadcasting Service" at the time of
as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan? Muhammad
creation of Pakistan? Mr. Zahoor Azar
Ali Jinnah
• Who first time announced in Urdu "This is Pakistan
• What was the venue of the oath taking ceremony of
Broadcasting Service" at the time of creation of
Quaid-e-
Pakistan?
Azam and Liaquat Ali Khan? Karachi
Ghulam Mustafa Hamdani
• Sir Francis Maudi took oath as First Governor of
• Egypt announced its recognition of Pakistan 16th
West Punjab?
August, 1947

• Who took oath as the First Governor of East • Who was the first US ambassador to Pakistan? Paul
Bengal? Sir H. Ealing (assumed charge on 23rd September,
Frederick Bourne 1947) Which country sent 4750 tons rice for making
• George Cunningham took oath as First Governor of up shortage of food in East Bengal on Sept. 19,
N.W.F.P. Sheikh Ghulam Hussain oath as the 1947? Burma
When was Karachi linked by air with all the
First Governor of Sindh? Geoffrey Prior took oath
provincial capitals?
as Chief Commissioner Baluchistan.
6th October, 1947
• Last Governor of the undivided Punjab? Sir Even
From which date Postage Stamps were made
Jenkins
available in Post
• Who took oath as the Chief Minister of Sindh? MA
Offices? 6th October, 1947
Khuro
Who was appointed as the First Muslim Advocate
• Iftikhar Hussain Mamdot took oath as chief Minister
General of the West Punjab? Sheikh Shabbir
of West Punjab
• When was Pakistan admitted as member of the
• Who was the first Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan
Army? General Frank Walter Messervy, 15-08- United
Nations? 30th September, 1947
1947 to 10-02-1948 Who was the First
Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Navy? • Who was the Minister for Food and Agriculture in
Rear Admiral James Wilfred the first
Cabinet of Pakistan? Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan
• Who was the First Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan
Air Force? • Urdu restarted its publications from Karachi on
Air Marshal L. Parry Cane October 15,
1947 as Pakistan's First National daily in Urdu
• Hafiz Abdul Majeed was appointed as Chief
Secretary, West Punjab on 18th August, 1947. • Who was appointed Pakistan's ambassador to Iran?
Qazi Issa
• Friday was declared as half working day: 22nd
• Pakistan's ambassador to USA? A. H. Isphahani
August, 1947
• Indian Dy. Prime Minister in its very first cabinet
• Iran & Pakistan established diplomatic relations:
after partition?
22nd August, 1947
Sardar Patel
• When was the Governor George Cunningham
• The Secretary of the Indian Ministry of States? V.P.
directed by the
Menon Elections to First Constituent Assembly of
Government of Pakistan to dismiss the NWFP
Congress Pakistan 1946. Pakistan’s constituent assembly
Ministry headed by Khan Sahib? 22nd August, made on July 20th, 1947.
1947 • 69 members in the first constituent assembly of
• Who was invited to form the NWFP Government Pakistan.
after dismissal of the Congress Ministry headed by • 10 members were later added to the constituent
Khan Sahib? NWFP Muslim League head, Khan assembly.
Abdul Qaiyum Khan • Quaid-e-Azam addressed to the constituent
assembly for the first time on 11th August 1947.
• First Pakistani documentary film was shown in the
cinemas in • Pakistan’s first cabinet was sworn in 15 th August
Karachi on 30-08-1947. What was it about? Events 1947.
from 2nd to • Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar held the portfolion of
15th August, 1947 Communications in the first cabinet of Pakistan.
• On 2nd September 1947 the first Pakistani film was • Besides being PM of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan
released. What was its title? "Teri Yadd" held the portfolios of Defense and Commonwealth.
• Which actors played the lead roles in the first • First cabinet of Pakistan consisted of 7 members
Pakistani film? including Prime Minister.
Asha Bhonslay and Nasir Khan • Besides PMship, Liaquat had portfolio of Defence
• Who was appointed as Head of the Pakistani and common wealth.
delegation to the UN? Mrs.Tasaddaq Hussain on • Quaid had portfolio of State and Frontier region.
13th September, 1947 • Zafarullah Khan had Foreign Affairs.

• I.I.Chundrigar had Trade, Industry & public works. 1948? E. De V. Moss was appointed as Chief
Malik Ghulam Mohad: had Finance. Pakistan Refugee Commissioner?
• Raja Ghazanfar had Food, Agriculture and health. • The first Chief Minister of East Bengal? Khawajah
• Abdul Rab Nishtar had communication. Nazimuddin
• Fazal ur Rehman had Internal Affairs, Information & • Quaid-e-Azam died on Sept. 11, 1948 due to
Education. Cardiac Arrest
• Objective Resolution was presented in the • Jannah passed away at 72 at 10:20 p.m in G.G
Constituent Assembly on 7th Mrach 1949 by Liaquat House Karachi and buried on 12 th Sep: 1948 A.D.
Ali. • Funeral prayer of Quaid: Shabir Ahmed Usmani.
• Mountbatten addressed the constituent assembly of • 40 days of mouring was announced on Quaid’s
Pak: on 14th August 1947. death.
• Constituent Assembly declared Urdu & Bengali as • Who was the successor of Quaid-e-Azam as
official languages on 3rd Jan: 1954. Governor
• On 24th October 1954, the governor general of General? Khawajah Nazimuddin
Pakistan Mr. • Jinnah had portfolio of Frontier States and Regions
Ghulam Mohammad dissolved constituent after him Liaquat Ali Khan took over this portfolio.
assembly. • Objective Resolution presented by Liaquat Ali Khan
• Pakistan became member of UNO on 30 th Sep: 13th March, 1949
1947and the member of NAM in 1979. • Basic Principles Committee set up by the
• Pakistan became member of World Bank in 1950. Constituent Assembly to frame a draft Constitution.
• Liaquat visited India in April 1950. • Basic Principles Committee presented its report in
• Referendum in NWFP held 6-17 July, 1947. September,
• Azad Kashmir govt: was setup on 24 Oct: 1947. 1950
• Basic democracy system came in May 1959. • Planning Board turned into Planning Commission:
• 2nd Constitution made by Ayub came in March 1, 1951
1962. First martyr of Pak: Khuwaja Mohd: Sharif • Landlordism abolished in East Bengal: 1950
of Ludhiana • Liaquat Ali Khan visited USA: 1951
• Canal water Pact with India was done on 4 th May • Liaquat Ali Khan spend in USA: Three weeks
1948. • The title of the published collection of Liaquat's
The first governor of Bengal Province was Sir speeches meant to introduce Pakistan to the West?
Fredrick Boran, second was Malik Feroz Khan
Noon. Pakistan, Heart of Asia
First CM of Bengal Province was Khuwaja
Nazimuddin, the second CM was Noor-al-Amin. • Conspiracy to overthrow Liaquat Government come
• Urdu made national language on 25 th Feb: 1948 to light
(chk it) The second constituent assembly consisted Rawal Pindi: March 1951
of 80 members. • Liaquat Ali khan was assassinated in Rawalpindi on
• When did Jinnah visit East Pakistan as Governor 16th October 1951. Was buried in Karachi near
General? Quaid.
March, 1948 • Liaquat Ali Khan born in Kernal (East Punjab) on 1 st
• When did the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan Oct: 1895.
adopt a resolution presented by the Government for • Who replaced Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister?
formally proclaiming Karachi as Capital of the Khawajah
Dominion of Pakistan? May 1948 Nazimuddin
• First C.M of Sindh: Mr. Muhammad Ayub Khuhro • Who replaced Nazimuddin as Governor General?
Muhammad Ayub Khuhro was dismissed in April Ghulam

Muhammad • In 1949 July, Pak: got Siachen under Karachi
• Jamilla was the first Muslim girl who hoisted Muslim agreement.
League flag onteh Punjab Secreterat, Lahore (1946) • Siachen is located in Baltistan.
• Rawalpindi became the temporary capital of Pak: in • Siachen is world’s 2nd highest glacier.
1960. • 22 points of Ulema put on 24 th Jan: 1951 by 31
• First commissioner of Sindh Charles Napier. Ulema.
• Sindh assembly proclaimed Sindhi as official • BBC started its first Urdu service on 13 th April 1949.
language of Sindh in 1972. In 1950, Iftikhar Hussain Mamdot founded Jinnah
• Baluchistan got status of province on 1 st July 1970. Muslim League party.
Pak: bought Gawader (1958) & Jiwani from • PIA founded: 1954 started international service:
Oman. 1955 to Jordan via Cairo.
Pak: came into being on 27 Ramzan, 1366 A.H • Pakistan got status of Test cricket in 1952.
Thursday. • Sui gas founded in 1952.
• Pak: standard time was adopted on Oct:1, 1951. • First five-year plan launched in1955.
Population Census-1951, 61,72,81,98. • National Anthem first broadcasted on radio: 13
The only vice-president of Pak: Noorul August 1954.
Amin. Father’s name of Quaid= Jinnah • Pakistan signed CENTO (Baghdad Pact) on 23Sep:
Poonja Father’s name of Iqbal=Shaikh 1955.
Noor Mohd: • West Pakistan declared “one unit” in 1955 by Mohd:
• 27 Oct: 1947 was observed “Black Day” as Indian Ali Bogra.
forces landed in Azad Kashmir. • “One unit” repealed on 1st Jan: 1971.
• Sheikh Abdullah was called founder of National • First acting Governor General of Pak: was Major
Conference. General Sikandar Mirza 17th August 1955 to 16th
Oct: 1955.
• Indian Forces occupied Kashmir the state of Jammu
and Kashmir on October 27, 1947. • President Iskandar Mirza visited Afghanistan in
• Distance of Kashmir from Pakistan is 250 miles. 1956. One unit bill passed during the period of
• Hari Singh was the maharaja of Kashmir in 1947. Chaudhry Mohd: Ali 14th Oct: 1955 and cancelled on
• % of Muslim population in Kashmir in 1947 was 25th March 1969 by Yahya. During one unit first
78%. GG of west Pak: was Nawab Mushtaque Ahmed
• UN commission members for India & Pak: were 3 Gormani and first CM was Dr. Khan Sahib In 1956.
(later 5) visited in July 1948. Pakistan became Islamic Republic on 23 rd March
• Sir Owen Dixon was UN Representative for 1956.
demilitarization of Kashmir. 1956 constitution was presented in assembly in Feb
29, 1956.
• National anthem of Pakistan was played for the first
time on August 13, 1954. Martial law was imposed in Lahore in
1953. Ch: Rehmat Ali is buried in
• Urdu made National Language in April 1954 it has
37 letters. Cambridge (London) Pakistan joined
• Birthplace of Quaid Wazir Mension. SEATO in Sep: 1954.
• House of Quaid Mohata Palace. • In Sept: 1958 Gawadar was bought by Khan of
• Allama Iqbal’s tomb was built in 1951. Kalat at 40 lacs pounds from Oman
• Liaquat Nehru Pact= April 1951. • 1st Martial Law= 7 Oct: 1958
• 17th Oct: 1951 Liaquat shot dead in Rawalpindi by • 2nd Martial Law=26 March 1969
Syed Akbar. • 3rd Martial Law=7 July 1977
• Liaquat visited USA in 1951. • Ayub became first elected president on 17 Feb:
• Pakistan issued it first coin on 3 rd Jan: 1948. 1960.
• Quaid inaugurated State Bank on 1 st July’1948. • Ayub transferred capital from Karachi to Islamabad
• National Bank of Pakistan formed in 1948. on 1st August 1960.
• First postal stamp issued in 1948. • Indus Basin Treaty signed under World Bank in
• Karachi radio station inaugurated by Liaquat on 14 th Sep: 1960.
August’1948. • Pakistan made boundary agreement with Iran on
• Pakistan recognized China in 1949. 21st May 1960.

• U2 incident happened in 1960. • Nationalization of educational institutions &
• Ayub khan appointed Ameer Muhammad Khan as industries in 1972. Nationalization of banks
Governor of West Pakistan. made in 1974.
• Ayub visited US & Queen Elizbeth visited Pakistan • Denationalization of banks make on Jan: 9, 1991
in 1961. (First MCB).
• Ayub Khan visited USSR on 3rd April 1965, US in • Pak: Broadcasting Corporation established on Dec:
1961. 20, 1972.
• Television started on 26 Nov: 1964. The constitution of 1973 was enforced on 1 March
• Zafarullah Khan served as president of UN General 1973.
Assembly’s 7th session in 1962. PM under the 1973 constitution is the head of the
• Boundary agreement with China was signed in cabinet.
1963.
• Agreement with Canada on first nuclear power
station in Karachi was signed in 1965.
• Z.A Bhutto served as F.M in Ayub Govt:
• Ayub formed convention League.
• 1965 war started from 6 to 22 Sept: 1965.
• Defense day is celebrated in Pakistan since 1966.
• Major Aziz Bhatti was martyred in 1965 war.
• Tashkent Pact was signed by Ayub Khan & Shastri
on 3 Jan:, 1966 (USSR, Kosijin)
• Fatima Jinnah died in 1967. She was born on 1st
August 1893.
• Kashmir valley is b/w Big Hamalia and Little Hamlia.
• Length of Indus from Hamalia to Arabian Sea is
1980 miles.
• Ancient name of India was Arya Warat.
• Yahya Khan promulgated LFO on 30th March 1970.
• The post of C-in-C was converted into the post of
Chief of Staff in 1970.
• 2nd war between India & Pakistan: 3 to 17 Dec:
1971.
• Last commander of Pak: in East Pak: Abdullah
Khan Naizi. PNSC established on 1st March 1979.
• PTV started its color transmission on December
20th, 1976.
• Pakistan signed PTBT in 1978.
• Post of Commander-in-Chief changed to Chief of
Staff in 1970.
• Post of Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff was created
in 1976.
• East Pakistan became Bangladesh on 16 Dec:
1971.
• Simla Agreement signed b/w Bhutto and Indra
Gandhi on 2nd July’1972.

The first general elections under the 1973 • On 17 May 1998 India blasted in Pokhran (Rajistan).
constitution were held in 1977. • Pak: entered nuclear club on 28 May 1998.
First biogas plant established in 1974. • First bank of Pak: = Habib Bank.
Ahmadis declared non-Muslims in 1974. • Defense day=6th Sep:
Colour transmission started on 20 th Dec: 1976. • Defense day of Pakistan is celebrated on Sep: 6
First electric train started in 1970. since 1966 Air force day= 7th Sep:
• Steel Mill founded in 1973 (USSR aided) in Bin • Navy Day=8th Sep:
Qasim. Pakistan recognized Bangladesh in 1974. • Kashmir Day=5th Feb:
• Pakistan joined OIC in 1974, NAM in 1979, PTBT in • Friday was declared holiday in Jan: 1977.
1978, SAARC in 1985. • EBODO promulgated in 1959. PRODA came in
• Hudood ordinance enforced on 10 Feb: 1979. 1949-1954.
• Dr. Abdul Salam awarded Nobel Prize in Physics • Wheat crisis occurred in 1952.
in 1979. • Number of basic democrats was 80,000.
• Faiz Ahmed Faiz got Lenin Prize. • Ghuauri is Surface-to-Surface missile.
• Zia successed ex-President Fazal Ellahi Choudhri. • Anza is Surface to Air missile.
• In Dec: 1981, Ziaul Haq announced Majlis-e-Shoora • Age of senator is 30.
with 350 members. • Age of PM is 35.
• Zakat & Ushr ordinance promulgated in 1980. • Number of tribal areas is 11.
• Wafaqui Mohtasib was created in 1983. Pakistan Withdrew from SEATO in 1973.
• 8th amendment introduced in 1985. Pakistan left CENTO in March 1979.
• Gen.Zia lifted Martial Law on 30 th December 1985. Nasir Shabir was first Pakistani to conquer Mount
• Nuclear cooperation pact with China was made on Everest. Capital of was shifted from Karachi to
15th Sep: Islamabad on 1 August 1960.
1986. Indus Basin Treaty was concluded on 19th Sep
• Ojri camp tragedy occurred on 10 April 1988. 1960.
• The Junejo government was dismissed on 29 th May • KANNUP was established in 1971.
1988. • Tashkent Declaration was signed on 10 Jan 1966.
• Zia died on 17 August 1988. • Saudi King Shah Faisal visited Pakistan in the year
• US ambassador who died with Zia was Arnold of 1966 and 1974.
Raphael. • Pakistan was suspended from commonwealth on 18
• Ghulam Ishaque Khan became president of Pakistan Oct 1999.
in 1988. • Mr. Ghulam Muhammad was finance minister before
• Pakistan’s re-entry in common wealth in 1989. becoming governor general of Pakistan.
• First test tube baby at Lahore in 1989. • Badr I launched on 16th July 1990.
• PTV2: 1992, PTV Morning: Jan 6, 1988, PTV: Sep: • First Agriculture University was established in
2000. Faisalabasd.
• Kargil Crisis in 1999. • Pakistan joined SEATO in 1954 but later withdrew
• Musharaf elected president (10th) on 20 June 2001. from it in the year 1973.
• Durand Line agreement b/w Sir Martimur Durand the
FS of FIRST IN PAKISTAN
Britain and Amir Abur Rehman, the Afghan ruler
November • Iran was first to recognize Pakistan.
12, 1893 at Kabul (2050 km, • Pakistan opened its first embassy in Iran.
1300 miles) HBFC was set up in • Egypt was first to open its embassy in Pakistan.
Nov: 1952. (Check it) First governor of State Bank Zahid
• First satellite Badr-I launched on 16 July 1990. Hussain.
• On 28 May 1998 five blasts made at Chagi, the day • First Lady governor Rana Liaquat Ali (Sindh) 1973-
is known as Yum-e-Takbir. 1976.

• First lady federal minister Vikarun Nisa Noor • First constructed barrage of Pak: Sukkur Barrage.
(Tourism). • First Secretary General of Pak: Ch: Mohd: Ali.
• First state to join Pakistan was BahawulPur, 1954. • Agro museum is at Lailpur.
Pak: cricket team first visited England. (Check it: • First biogas plant was installed in 1974.
India) First captain of cricket team Abdul Hafeez • First woman bank established on Dec: 1, 1989.
Kardar. • Badshahi mosque built in 1670 A.D.
• First century Nazar Mohammd against India in 1954 • Designataion of GG changed into President on 23 rd
in Lucknow. March 1956.
• First Woman University is located in Rawalpindi. • Largest Hockey stadium is National Hockey Stadium
• First governor of Punjab=Francis Moody. Lahore.
• First CM of Punjab=Iftikhar Hussain Mamdot. • First minority minister of Pak: Joginder Nath Mandal
• First Governor of Sindh=Ghulam Hussain held the portfolio of law.
Hidayatullah. • First Atomic Reactor established in Islamabad in
• First CM of Sindh=Ayub Khoro. 1956. (check it).
• First Governor of Baluchistan=Lt: General Riaz • Largest railway tunnel is Khojak.
Hussain. • Smallest dam of Pak: Warsak dam.
• First CM of Baluchistan=Attaullah Mengal. • Largest fort of Pak: “Rani Kot”.
• First Chief Justice of Pak: Sir Abdur Rasheed. • City Bank is the largest bank in the country.(chk:
• First PM of Azad Kashmir=Abdul Hamid Khan. Habib Bank) Nishan-e-Pak: is the highest civil
• First President of AJK=Sardar Ibrahim Khan. award of Pak:
• First Commander-in-Chief of Pak: Army was Frank • Second highest civil award is Hilal-e-Pak:
Miservi. • Ayub National Park (Rawalpinidi) is the largest Park
• First chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was in Pakistan. Lahore Museum is the biggest in Pak:
General Mohd: Sahrif. (chk) Largest Railway station is Lahore.
• First chief of Staff of armed forces was General Tikka • Highest Pass is Muztag Pass, which connects Gilgit
Khan. to Xinkiyang.
• First governor State Bank was Zahid Hussain.
• Largest canal is Lloyd Barrage Canal or Sukkur
• First daily newspaper is Amroz 1947.
Barrage or Lance Down Pull built in 1936.
• First lady pilot was Shukriya Khanum.
• Largest Cement Plant is Lucky Cement Plant near
• First museum of Pak established in Karachi in 1950.
Luki Marwat.
First Bank was United Bank (7th August, 1947)
• Largest road is Shahrah-e-Pak:
First Agriculture Reforms in Pak: Jan: 24, 1959.
• Shortest river is Ravi.
• First Chief Election Commissioner of Pak: Mr. Khan
• Smallest division is Karachi.
F.M.Khan
• Largest division is Kalat.
(25th March, 1956)
• Largest division of Sindh is Therparkar. Habib
• Election Commision was created on 23 rd March 1956
Bank Plaza Karachi has 23 stories (345 ft:) Minar-
under Article 137 of 1956 consititution.
e-Pak: is 196 ft, 8 inches high.
• First Muslim Commander in Chief of Pak: Ayub
• Pakistan has its longest boundary with Afghanistan.
Khan. First Radio Station established was of Karachi.
• Pakistan is 34th largest country in the world, 6 th
First T.V station was setup at Lahore on Nov: 26,
population wise.
1964.
• Smallest civil award is Tamg-e-Khidmat.
• First lady Lady Major General in Pak: Dr. Shahida • First census of Indo-Pak: 1881.
Malik. • Highest dam is Mangla dam.
Pak launched first Space satellite: in 1990. • Pak: expedition to Antarctica reached on 5 Jan, 1991
First private TV Channel STN launched in 1990. established Jinnah Research Station
First Chairman Senate was Habibullah Khan.
• Longest tenure as Governor General was Ghulam
First woman judge of High Court: Majida Rizvi.
Mohammad.

• Longest tenure as President was Ayub Khan. • Largest dam is Terbela.
• Longest period of rule was of Zia. • Largest desert is Thar.
• Longest tenure as PM was of Liaquat Ali • Largest district is Khuzdar (Baluchistan).
• Shortest tenure as PM of Ayub Khan (3 days) then • Largest industial unit is Pak: Steel Mill.
Shujaat Hussain (47 days). • Largest industry is Textile.
• Shortest tenure as President is of Bhutto. • Largest island is Manora (Karachi)
• Shortest tenure as Governor General is of Quaid. • Largest Jungle is Changa Manga (Kasur).
• Longest tenure as Governor General is of Ghulam • Largest lake (artificial) is Keenjhar.
Mohd: Largest library is Quaid-e-Azam library. • Largest lake (natural) is Manchar.
Largest University is in Punjab. • Largest library is Pujab Public Library, Lahore.
Oldest university is in Punjab. • Largest mine is Salt Mines of Khewra.
The only non-military shaheed to receive Nishan-e- • Largest motorway is Lahore-Islamabad.
Haider was Subaidar Lalik Jan he belonged to NLI. • Largest museum is National Meseum, Karachi.
Highest Peak of Sulaiman Mountains is Takht-e- • Largest circulated Urdu newspaper is Jang, Enghish
Sulaiman. is The News.
Highest peak is K2 (Goodwin Austin 5,611 • Largest nuclear reactor is KANUPP, Karachi.
meters) 2nd largest glacier of Pak: is Batura. • Largest oil field is Dhurnal Oil Field.
• Largest Island of Pak: is Manora. Largest park is Ayub National Park,
• Smallest city is Jehlum. Rawalpindi. Largest Radio Station is
• Longest tunnel rail= Khojak (2.43 miles) Islamabad.
(Baluchistan), road=Lowari Tunnel (5 miles), Largest university is Punjab University, Lahore.
water=Warsak Dam Tunnel (3.5 miles). • Longest coast is of Baluchistan (771 km) Largest
• Rainiest city is RawalPindi. railway platform is of Rohri.
• Rainiest place is Muree. Longest railway track: Karachi to Landi Kotal.
• First Medical College was Nishtar Medical College. Longest road: Karachi to Peshawar.
• Smallest Dam is Warsak dam.
• Largest mountain range is Karakoram.
• First to receive Nishan-e-Hyder was Mohd: Sarwar MISCELLANEOUS
Shaheed.
• First private airline of Pakistan is Hajvari. • Steel Mill is in Bin Qasim Old name of Jacobabad
• Pak’s Second largest city is Lahore. is Khangharh.
• Abdur Rasheed was the first chief Justice was the • Kot Digi Fort is in Khairpur district.
first chief justice of Pakistan. • Peshawar means city of flowers.
• Zafarullah khan was the first foreign minister of • Warsak dam (near Peshawar) is built on Kabul River.
Pakistan. • Tirich Mir mounts of Hindu Kash separate
• Keenjhar is the largest man made lake in Pakistan. Afghanistan and Tajistan from Pak:
• Manchar Lake is the biggest lake of Pakistan. • Sahibzada Abdul Qayum founded Islamia College
• Trich Mir is the highest peak of Hindu Kush. Peshawar in 1914.
• Largest coalmine is in Quetta. • Quaid Azam Medical College is in Bahawalpur.
• In Pakistan, first woman bank was established in the • Choukundi toms are located near Karachi.
year 1989.
• Akbar built Atock Fort.
• Pakistan’s first geo-scientific laboratory is functioning • The land b/w Indus & Jehlum River is called Thal
in Islamabad. Desert or Sindh Sagar Doab.
• The highest point of the Khyber Pass is Landhi Kotal. • Ruins of Harapa found in Sahiwal.
• The first atomic power station of Pakistan was
• Akbar built Lahore Fort.
installed in Karachi.
• At Toonsa Sharif the borders of three provinces
• The First President of America who made an official meet.
visit to Pakistan was Dwight D. Eishenhower • With Gilgit & Baltistan the frontiers of three counties
Largest airline is PIA. meet.
• Largest airport is Quaid-e-Azam Internationl Airport, • Tochi pass connects Pak: with China.
Karachi. • Pak: has 6 international airports.
• Largest canal is Lloyd Barrage Canal.

• Pak: has 27 Radio Stations. ---- District, ---- • Chenab and Jehlum flow from Kashmir.
divisions. (Check It) Pak: railways factory is in • Tirchmir is the highest peak of Hindukash.
Risalpur. • A bicameral legislature was proposed for the first
• Chitral is famous for gold. time in 1973 constitution.
• Port Qasim is the largest seaport of Pak: smallest is • Length of Pak-India border is 1,610 km.
Gawadar The chairman of National Economic • Length of Pak-Iran border is 805 km.
Council is PM. • Length of Pak-China border is 595 km.
• National flower of Pakistan is Jasmine. • Length of Pak-Afghan border is 2025 km or 1300
• National bird of Pakistan is Chakore. miles.
• National tree of Pakistan is Deodar. • 5 rivers flow in Punjab Ravi, Sutlaj, Chenab, and
• National animal of Pakistan is Markhor (a type of Indus & Beas.
goat). • Warsak dam is on Kabul River.
• National emblem of Pakistan is Cresent. • Rawal Dam is on Kurrang River.
• National sport of Pakistan is land Hockey. • Khanpur dam is on Haro River.
• Oldest cantonment of Pak: is Kohat. • Tanda dam is in Baluchistan.
• HQ of Pak: Army is at RawalPindi. • Tarbela deam was completed in 1969.
• HQ of Airforce is at Chaklala. • Length of Indus is 2900 km.
• HQ of Navy is at Islamabad. • Source of Indus is Mansoorowar Lake in Gilgit.
• Islamabad is 8 miles from Rawalpindi. • Muztag pass connects Gilgit-Yarkand (China).
• Photograph on the coin of one rupee is Quaid’s Khankum Pass connects Chitral-Wakhan
photo: Two rupee is Badshahi Mosque “ (Afghanistan) The Shandur Pass connects Chitral
Ten rupee note is Khyber Pass. and Gilgit. Khyber Pass connects Peshawar-Kabul
• “ 5 rupee note is Kulk pass connects Gilgit-China.
• “ 50 rupee note is • Bolan pass connects Queta-Afghanistan.
• “ 100 is Quaid’s Residecy, Ziarat Quetta. • Tochi pass connects Pak:-China.
• “ 500 is Badshahi Mosque, Lahore. • Length of Silk Rourte (Korakorum Route) is 965 km.
• “ 100 is Jehangir’s Tomb. • Geneva Pact was signed on 14th April 1988.
• “ 5000 is of Faisal Mosque, Islamabad. • Simpla Pact was singed on 3rd July 1972.
• 4.8% of total area of Pak: is forests (standard is • Numb: of words in anthem=50.
25%) • Numb: of lines in anthem=15.
Hub dam and Thadho Dam are in Malir Karachi near • Numb: of ammendements made 17.
Gadap Town. • Numb: of troops in a division are 12000 to 20,000.
Wahdat Diloky of Turkey made map of Shah Faisal • Numb: of troops in brigade is 4000 to 5000.
Mosque. • Barrages built on Indus = 8.
Largest radio station of Pak: is Islamabad. • Tarbela dam is in NWFP (Abotabad) on Indus
Tarbela dam is in Abot Abad. river.(Largest) Mangla dam is in AJK on Jehlum
Raeewind is in Kasur. River (Highest) Warsak dam is in NWFP near
• Baitul Maal established in 1992. Peshawar on Kabul River.
• General sales tax, under the constitution 1973 is a • Direct dialing system was introduced b/w Lahore and
Federal subject. Rawalpindi for first time in 1964.
• Pak: national flag was adopted on 11 August, 19477. • Rivers of Pakistan:
• Jasmine adopted on July 5, 1961. Punjab== Ravi+Chanab+Sutlaj.
• National drink is Cane Juice. Sindh ===Indus, Hub.
• Railway stations in Pak: = 965. NWFP==Kabul, Sawat, Zhob.
• Rabi crops are grown b/w months of Oct-March.
• Under Indus Water Basin Treaty Pak: got Jehlum,
Chenab & Indus. India got Ravi, Sutlaj.

Baluchistan==Bolan. • National Assembly has 342 seats & Senate has
• Baluchistan is 43% of total Pak: 100 seats with 14 for each province.
• Geographical divisions of Pak: are • Provincial Assembly seats Punjab=371,
1.Northern Mountains, 2. Western offshoots of Sindh=168, NWFP=124, Baluchistan=65.
Himalayas, 3. Baluchistan Plateau, 4. Potohar • Name of Ustad Bukhari is Syed Ahmed Shah.
Plateau & Salt range, • Real name of Shaikh Ayaz is Shaikh Mubarak.
5. Lower Indus Plain, 6. Thar desert. • Barrages on Indus are Toonsa, Jinnah, Sukkur,
• Pak: has 3 stock exchanges (confirm it). Gudo, Kotri & Ghulam Mohd:.
• Broad Peak I is on Karokarum range. • Ports and harbours are Kimari (Kar:), Bin Qasim
• Colonel Sher Khan belonged to Sindh Regement. (Kar:),
• Kot Diji is a fort in Khairpur. Jinnah Naval Base (ormara), Gawadar (Baluc:),
• Ancient mosque of Pak: is at Bhambhor. Panjgore (Baluch:).
• Time taken to sing National Anthem is 1 minute, Deserts of Pak: Thar (Sindh), Thal (Punjab), Cholistan
20 sec. (Punjab).
• Instruments used are 38. Famous glaciers are Siachen, Batura, and Baltoro.
• Texila is in Punjab and NWFP. K2 (Karakurum Range) with 8610 meters.
• Rashid Minhas martyred in August 1971. Mountain Ranges are Himaliya, Koradoram,
• Mangla dam is on river Jehlum. Hindu Kash, Sulaiman and Salt Range.
• Old name of Supreme Court is Federal Court. • Tomb of Babur is in Kabul.
• 10 persons have received Nishan-e-Hyder. • Real name of Noor Jahan (Wife of Jahangir) was
• Kharif (Summer Season) crops include—Cotton, Mehrun Nisa.
rice, sugar cane, maize, Jaur and Bajra. • NADRA was setup in Feb: 16, 2000.
• Rabi (Winter OCT-March) crops are wheat, gram, • The master plan of Islamabad was prepared in
barley and tobacco. 1960 by MIS Constructinos Doxiades (of Greek).
• Jhat Pat is the old name of Dera Allah Yar. • National Institute of Oceanlogy Karachi =1982.
• There are 7 rivers in Baluchistan. • Pak: test fired Ghauri missile in April 6, 1998.
• Mast Tawakkal was the poet of Balochi. • First nuclear reactor was setup in Karachi.
• Khanpur dam is near Haripur. • Pak:’s first agriculture university setup in
• Skardu is also called “Little Tibet”. Faisalabad.
• Swat became part of Pakistan in 1969. • Chomas festival is held in Kalash valley near
• The most precious gemstone “Emerald” are found Chitral.
in Swat. • Nearest provincial capital from Islamabad is
• Gilgit is the capital of Northern Areas of Pak: Peshawar.
• Khushhal Khan belonged to English period. • Tomb of Hamayoon is in Delhi.
• Saifullah prepared the alphabet of Pushto. • Tomb of Jahangir is at Lahore.
• First poet of Pushto was Amir Karar. • National Assembly has 60 women seats.
• Saiful Maluk is near Naran. • National anthem was written in 1954.
• Dera Adam khan is famous for Gun factory. • Gandhara civilization discovered from Texila.
• Durand line is b/w Peshawar and Afghanistan. • Social Action Plan launched in 1992-93.
• Pakistan Forest Institution is located in Peshawar. • Rahmat Ali suggested name of Pakistan on 28 th
• Babrat at Peshawar built Bala Hassan Fort. Jan: 1933 in “Now or Never” pamphlet in London.
• Saidu Sharif is a lake in NWFP. • Rehmat Ali was born in 1893 in a village Mohar
• British took Peshawar from Sikhs. district Hoshiyarpur (East Punjab).
• Population-wise NWFP stands 3rd. • Rahmat Ali died at the age of 58 in 1951 and was
• Area-wise it is 4th. buried in Cambridge University.
• Lands down Bridge connect Sukkur with Rohri. • Ancient name of Peshawar was Phushkalvati.
• Guddu Barrage was completed in 1932. • India framed its constitution in 1950.
• Real name of Qalandar Lal Shahbaz is Shaikh • Kara korum Highway (Silkroute) B/w Pak: & China
Usman Marvindi. was completed on 18th June 1978.
• In 1973 constitution there are 290 articles.
• Jamrood Fort (Peshawar) was built by General
• Pak: comprises of 61% of mountainous area. Hari Singh Nalwa in 1836.
• Landi Khani is the end of the main line of Railway • Qutab Minar is in Delhi.
system of Pakistan. • Cholistan Desert is in Bahawalpur.
• Cholistan desert is in Bahawlpur district. • Pakistan can be divided per climate into 4
• Harpa is in Sahiwal. regions.
• Bhambhore is in Thatta. • Hashim Shah wrote Sassi Punnu.
• Firdousi, the Persian poet (Shah Nama) was the • The British Communal Award was announced in
mumber of Sultan Mehmood’s court. 1932.
• Tomb of Baba Farid is in Pak Patan. • Land between two rivers is called Do, aba.
• Tomb of Sachal is in Ranipur. • Shah Jahan Constructed Jamia Masjir Thatta.
• Nishtar Hospital is the largest hospital in Pakistan • Sindh River flows from Bolan River.
and was built in 1953. • Kohat is the oldest cantonment of Pakistan.
• A.H means Anne Hegirae (Latin Term) =13 th Sep: • Muslims were interested in the art of Calligraphy.
622 A.D. • The length of Durand Line is 2240 km.
• Nanga Parbat is situated in Himalayan. • The length of Pakistan’s common border with
• Total arable land of Pakistan is 27%. Afghanistan is 805 km.
• Pakistan is situated at the West End of the Indo • Chinese province adjoining Pakistan is Sinkiang.
Gangetic. • Jinnah Barrage is originated on the river Sindh.
• Wakhan separates Pakistan from Tajikistan. • The height of Tarbela Dam is 500 feet.
• Hindu-kush range is also known as Little Pamirs. • Wah city of Pakistan is linked with cement, arms
• Sub-Himalya is also known as Siwaliks. and ammunition industry.
• The Sindh Sagar Doab is also known as Thal • Sukkur barrage is completed in 1932.
Desert. • Khanpur Dam is near Islamabad.
• Takt-I-Suleman is the highest peak of Sulaiman • Simly Lake is near Islamabad.
Mountains. The length of Indus River is 2900 • Tanda Dam is located in NWFP.
km. • Khanpur Dam irrigates Attock and Abbotabad.
Six barrages are constructed on the River Indus. • Sassi was born in Bhutta Wahan.
• Hispar Glacies is located in Hunza. • Baba Farid Shakar Gunj died at Pakpattan in
• The famous Umar Kot fort was built in 1746. 1265.
Katch and Gawadar are the districts of Makran • Nishtar hospital is the largest hospital in Pakistan.
Division. • Sahiwal is the new name of ‘Montgomery’.
Punjgore is the district of Makran division. • Noor Mahal is located at Bahawalpur.
• Meaning of Quetta is fort. • The founder of Suharwardi silsila in Pakistan is
• Gomal River is in NWFP. Rukn-e-Alam.
• Baheshti Darwaza is located in Pakpattan.
• The total length of coastline of Pakistan is 1046.
Cease Fire line came into existence in 1949. • The tomb of Anarkali is situated in at Lahore.
• Pakistan can be divided into six natural regions. Shahjehan built Shalimar Garden.
• High of K2 is 8611 Meters. Hazrat Data Gunj Baksh came in Lahore in 1039
A.D. from the city of Ghazni.
• The coldest place in Pakistan is Sakardu.
Minar-e-Pakistan is also called
• Most of the Hosiery Industry is located in Karachi.
Data Ganj Baksh is the author of Kashful Mahjoob.
• The Heavy Mechanical complex was established
with the help of China at Taxila. Badshaahi mosque was built in 1674.
The construction of Islamabad began in 1952.
• The first Census in the subcontinent took place in
the year 1901. • Sher Shah built G.T. Road.
• Imperial Highway is the old name of G.T. Road.
• Wheat is the major Kharif Crop of Pakistan.
• Karakoram highway passes through 3 ranges.
• Kotli is the city of Azad Kashmir.
• Nanga Parbat is commonly known as Killer
• The SOS village built in Faisalabad.
Mountain.
• Pakistan celebrated Quaid’s year in 2001.
• Karakoram highway was completed in 1978.
• Pakistani Cricketer Saeed Anwar declared to join
• Karakoram was completed in the total period of
Afghan Jehad.
20 years.
• Maulana Shibly wrote books on Islamic History. • The word Karakoram means ‘crumbling rock’.
• The first translation of the Holy Quran was in • Karakoram is a Turkish word.
Sindhi.
• Karakoram highway passes through khunjrab • Ranikot Fort is located near Hyderabad. Kotri
pass. barrage was built in 1955.
• Punial is said to be the place where ‘heaven and Al Mawardi was born in Basra.
earth meet’. • Nizam-ul-Mulk tusi was famous for his wisdom.
• Siachin glacier is located near Astor. “USA is ruled by a power elite,” said C.Wright Mills.
• Hunza is called real Shangrilla. Hub dam supplies electricity to Sindh.
• Khyber Pass connects Gilgit with Chitral.
• The number of divisions in the province of Sindh
• Totally Punjab has 8 divisions. is five.
• The contribution of forestry to the agriculture • Total districts in the province of Sindh are 22.
sector is 0.4%.
• Naib Subedar is the lowest commissioned officer
• Use of Boron and Zink can improve cotton yield. of Pakistan Army.
• National Arid and Land Development and
• River Kabul joins Indus river at Attock.
Research Institute is located at Islamabad.
• Meerani Dam is under construction near Turbat.
• Arid Zone Research Centre of PARC is situated at
• Chashma right bank canal on the Indus River
Quetta. provides water for Jhelum River.
• Thar Coalfield is the biggest coalfield of Pakistan.
• Jinnah station was established in continent Asia
• An M-1 motorway is Islamabad-Peshawar.
on January 25th, 1991.
• NEC (company) set up Pakistan’s first T.V.
station. • National institute of silicon technology was
• 3 radio stations were working at the time of established in 1991.
partition. • Rawalpindi, a region of Punjab, is free from the
• First TV station in Pakistan started at Lahore. problem of water logging.
• Pakistan’s first radio station was set up at • Jhelum River joins Chenab River near Trimmu.
Karachi. Total length of Indus Highway is • River Ravi originates in the Indian state of
The new name of Debal is ‘Bhanbhore’. Hamachel Pradesh.
• Gharo Creek is a lake. • Chashma barrage was built in 1971 on river
• Kalakot Fort is situated near Thatta. Indus.
• Ranjit Singh sold Kashmir for 75 Lakhs. • Warsak dam was built in 1960 on river Kabul.
• Poonch, a state of Kashmir, fought with Dogra by • Rawal dam was built in 1965 on river Kurang.
obtaining arms from tribal areas. • Pakistan’s oldest archaeological site is situated
near Larkana.
• 10 seats are reserved for non-muslims in National
Assembly. • Ayoub Park covers an area of 2300 acres.
• Frank Meseri was the first C-in-C of Armed • Khewra is the main source of gypsum in Pakistan.
Forces. • Sainadak is famous for copper, silver and gold.
• The religion of Tamil is Hinduism. • Attock oil refinery is located in Rawalpindi.
• There is only one female university in Pakistan. • 43% of the gas is obtained from Sui.
• Kohat is the oldest cantonment of the country. • Peshawar means ‘city of flowers’.
• Shalimar Garden was built in 1642 A.D. • Lahore Fort was built in 1560.
• Faisalabad is commonly known as little • National singer, Noor Jehan, died on 23rd
Manchester. December 2000.
• Harrappa is located at Sahiwal. • Taxila is located b/w Jehlum and Indus.
• The tomb of jehangir is located a Shahdara. • Mahbub-ul-Haq Human Development Center is
• Tomb of Noor Jehan is located at Lahore. locates at Islamabad.
• Attock Fort was built byAkbar. • Nasirabad region of Balochistan will be irrigated
• Waris Shah wrote Heer Ranjha. through Kachi cananl.
• Hashim Shah wrote Sohni Mahiwal. Sindh is • The district of the country having lowest
called Bab-ul-Islam. population density is:
• Chack was the father of Raja Dahir. Kharan
• Keti Bunder is the name of a coastal area. • In violation of lndus Basin Treaty 1960, India has
• French Beach is located at Karachi. constructed Wullar barrage on River Jhelum.

• Water -flows of the river is diverted to Wuller • Sidi Maula was a saint of Jalal-ud-Din Khilji’s
Barrage through the construction of Kishanganga period and was executed on charges of political
Dam. treason.
• India is constructing Kishanganga Dam in • Juna Khan was the original name of Muhammad
Baramula. bin Taghluq.
• India has constructed “Baglihar Dam” in occupied • Ain-e-Akbari is the renowned work of Abul Fazl
Kashmir`s district of Doda. about the Government of Akbar the Great.
• Hoysals was a Kingdom of South during Ala-ud- • Tarikh-e-Daudi A history of Lodi Dynasty written
Din Khilji’s period. by Abdullah during the Mughal period.
• Raja Tarangini is a book on history of Kashmir • In order to inquire into the injustice done to the
written by Pandit Kachan. Muslims during congress ministries, the Muslim
• Koshak-e-Siri was the name of the Palace of Ala- League appointed a committee under the
ud-Din. Ustad Isa was the Chief Architect of chairmanship of Raja Muhammad Mehdi.
Taj Mahal Agra. • Uch: A place near Bahawalpur district. It is the
• Mahabat Khan was a renowned General of burial place of Makhdoom Jehanian.
Jahangir. He arrested Jahangir and Noor Jahan. • Tabaqat-e-Akbari was the name of history written
• Malik Kafur was a General of Ala-ud-Din Khilji. by ‘Nizam-ud-Din’ in 1593. It contains detailed
He conquered Deccan. account of Ghaznavids to the 36th year of Akbar’s
• Alai Darwaza was the structure constructed by reign.
Ala-ud-Din Khilji near Qutb Minar in 1311 A.D. • Buland Darwaza was built by Akbar the Great at
Tehrik-e-Alfi was a history written by a team of Fatehpur Sikri to commemorate his conquest of
historians during the reign of Akbar. Gujrat.
Nasir-ud-Din Qubacha was a lieutenant of • Fatawa-e-Jehandari was ‘Zia-ud-Din Barani’s’
Muhammad Ghouri and served as Governor of book on statecraft.
Multan. Durgavati was the ruler of Gondwana • Shams Siraf Afif: Author of ‘Tarikh-e-Firuz
and was defeated by Akbar in 1564 A.D. Shahi”.
• Maham Anaga was the foster mother of Akbar the • Fuwaid-ul-Faud was written by Zia-ud-Din
Great. Barani.
• Gulbadan Begum was the sister of Mughal King • Mirza Haider Dughlat:
Hamayun. Ans. He was a cousin of Babur and author of
She wrote “Hamayun Nama”. ‘Tarikh-eRashidi’.
• Infallibility Decree was a document signed by • Nadir-ul-Asr Mansur: Mughal Emperor Jahangir
Akbar in 1597, which authorized him to act as the upon his Court Painter Mansoor conferred the
supreme arbitrator in civil and ecclesiastical title.
affairs. • Muhammad Masum Nami: A Governor of
• Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between:The Qandhar. He lies buried at Sukkur. He wrote
Ruler of Bengal and East Indian Company. “Tarikh-e-Sinkh”
• Lucknow Pact (1916) provided for the • Muslim League was founded under the leadership
representation of Muslims in the Provincial of Nawab Saleemullah Khan.
Lagislative Councils in the proportion of One-Half
of the elected members in Bengal to the Muslims.
• The August Offer (1940) was aimed at Offering
greater share to Indians in Services.
• Nadir Shah, King of Persia, marched into Delhi
in 1739.
• Diarchy was introduced in the government of
Indian Act of 1919.
• Hazrat Baha-ud-Din Zakariya:
Ans. He was a great saint of Suharwardi branch of
mysticism and flourished in Multan.

Allama Iqbal was elected as a member of • Qutb-ud-Din Aibak was a great commander of
Punjab Legislative Assembly in 1926 and Muhammad Ghouri who laid foundation of Slave
chosen President of Muslim League in 1930. Dynasty.
Iqbal’s early poems were composed mainly in • Ghazi Malik: was the original name of Ghiyas-
Bang-e-Dara and published in the year 1924. ud-Din Taghluq.
• Mr Mountbattan announced the Partition of • Amir Khusrau: A great poet and singer. He was
India into two independent states on 3rd June a disciple of Khawaja Nizam-ud-Din Aulia. He
1947. flourished during the Sultanate Period.
• The Cabinet Mission Scheme was placed • Dara Shikohwas son of Shah Jahan, he fought
before Quaid-eAzam in April 1946. against Aurangzeb Alamgir. He was mystic and
• The Forty: This term refers to the forty slaves of writer.
Iltumish who played important role in • Bairum Khan was tutor of Hamayun and Akbar.
contemporary politics. He was chiefly instrumental in the victory of
• Panipat is a famous town near Delhi. Three Mughals over Hemu in 1556.
important battles were fought on this ground. • Madrasa-e-Rahimia: A famous religious
• Moeen-ud-Din Ajmeri was a great saint of institution started by Shah Abdul Rahim (Father
Chisti sect of Islamic Mysticism. of Shah Waliullah).
• Syed Brothers: Hussain Ali and Abdullah Khan • Noor Jahan was a beloved Queen of Jahangir.
who flourished in the early part of the 18th She was an accomplished lady and assisted her
century are historically known as Syed Brothers. husband in the affairs of the state.
They were King Makers for few years. The Objectives Resolution was accepted by the
• Rohtas Fort was built by Sher Shah near Constituent Assembly on 12 March 1949.
Jehlum. Sikandar Mirza was the last Governor General of
• Firdausi wrote “Shahnama” and was also a Pakistan.
court poet of Mahmud of Ghazni. Zill-e-Elahi means: Shadow of Allah.
• Auqaf: Muslims Holy religious places are Sabuktgin was the ruler of Ghazni. He ruled
termed as Auqaf. Ghazni from 977 to 997.
• Bahagar Kabir: Founder of Bakhti Movement. • Ibn-e-Batuta was a famous African traveler who
He flourished in 15th century. stayed in the court of Muhammad bin Taghluq
• Kashful Mahjub is renowned work on for several years. He traveled over the quarter
mysticism by Ali Hajveri (Data Sahib). part of the then world from China to India.
• Abul Fazl: A leading light of Akbar’s reign. He • Kanwaha is the historical place in North India
wrote “Akbarnama” which is the most authentic where Babur defeated the Rajputs in 1527. At
history of Akbar’s period. this historical place, Babur broke his wine
vessels.
• Mudrasa Rahimia was established by Shah
Abd-ur-Rahim at Delhi. • Sarus Sadur: Guardian of Islamic Law and
Spokesman of Ulema.
• Jainism is a religious movement started by
Mahavirs. • Qutb-ud-Din Aibak near Qutb Minar at Delhi
built qutbat-ulIslam Mosque.
• The year when the Quaid-e-Azam decided
• Francis Bernier was a European traveler who
that the Muslim League would join the
visited Indian during Shahjehan’s Period.
Interim Government in India was 1946.
• H. Kh. Baqi Billah Bairang was renowned saint
• The name of a person who has been the
of Naqshbandia order and was the spiritual
Governor General as well as the Prime Minister
guide of Hazrat Majadded Alf Sani.
of Pakistan. Khuwaja Nazimud-din.
• Kitab-ul-Hind was written by Al-Bairuni. This is
• Tahmasap: The King of Persia who helped
an authentic source about Indian culture and
Hamayun to recapture his throne.
social life.

• The ‘Objectives Resolution’ was passed at • Home Rule League was founded in 1916.
Karachi by the Constituent Assembly in 1949. • The Baghdad Pact was signed in 1955.
• The “One Unit” bill was accepted by the • The System of Basic Democracy was first
Parliament on 19th October 1955 when M. Ali introduced in
Bogra was Prime Minister of Pakistan. 1959
• Pirthvi Raj was overthrown and killed in 1192 • Hazrat Mehal’s real name was Umrao. She
A.D. at Thanesar by Muhammad Ghouri. valiantly took part in 1857 War of
• Qutb Minar of Delhi was designed as a tower of Independence. She was the wife of Wajjid Ali
victory being the hallmark of the Empire of the Shah of Oadh.
Turks. • Syed Ameer Ali was an intellectual of high
• The famous garden Ram Bagh at Agra was laid caliber. He worked as a lawyer, a Judge of
out by Sikandar Lodi. Calcutta High Court, founded Central National
Mohammedan Association and remained
• Bahlol founded the Lodi Dynasty.
President of the Hughlie Imambara. He worked
• Mullah Shaida influenced Dara Shikoh in his
hard for Muslim League and Khilafat Movement.
religious thought.
He settled down in London and died there.
• The famous manuscript “Shikasta” and
• Manzoor Qadir was son of Sheikh Abdul Qadir.
“Nastaliq” were written by Aurangzeb.
He was a seasoned advocate. He represented
• In India, the legal status of the provinces was for Pakistan at the International Law Association in
the first time recognized under the Govt: of India Yugoslavia. He worked as Foreign Minister of
Act 1935. Pakistan and Chief Justice of West Pakistan
• The proposal of Union of India embracing both High Court.
British India and the states was put forward by • Lala Lajpat Rai was a great Arya Samajist. He
the Cabinet Mission. took a most prominent part in the Congress
• The JUP was set up in1948. affairs and along with Tilak and Bebin Pal took a
• The Syed Dynasty was founded by Khizar prominent part in changing the Congress
Khan. method from one of petition to that of application
• The Buland Darwaza is situated at Fatehpur of direct sanction. He incurred displeasure of
Sikri. the British Government and was deported to
• Jahangir was imprisoned by Mahabat Khan. Burma in 1907. He took part in non-cooperation
• Champaner is a General. movement and boycott movement.
• Mukhdum Jehanian Jalal-ud-Din Jehangasht • Divide & Quit written by Penderel Moon.
was a saint of Suhrwardiya Silsilah. • Foreign Policy of Pakistan: A Historical Analysis
• Petticoat Government was headed by Maham is written by S. M. Burk.
Angah. • Name the person who negotiated the Canal
• I will tear it or burn it or throw it away but never Water Dispute between India and Pakistan:
accept it. Ayyub Khan.
Who stated this about the Government of India • Sindh and Multan were conquered by
Act 1935? Muhammad bin Qasim under the reign of the
Ans. M. K. Gandhi. Islamic Caliph Walid bin Abdul Malik.
The Rashmi Roomal Movement of 1905 was • Hazrat Ali Hajveri (popularly known as Hazrat
initiated by Muhammad Ali Jauhar. Data Ganj Bakhsh) belonged to Suharwardia
The Indian Independence Act was passed in the Order.
British Parliament on 18th July.
• Fatawa-e-Jahandari was written by Zia-ud-Din
Hazrat Nizam-ud-Din Auliya was a Sufi of
Barani.
Chishtia Order.
• Under the Mughals capital of the lower Sindh
Manachi was a European traveler who came to
was Thatha.
the court of Jahangir.
• Kashmir was included into the Mughal Empire of
• One of the earliest coming Saints to India was Delhi in October 1586.
Khawaja Qutb-ud-Din Bakhtiar Kaki.

• In a battle near Peshawar, Jaipal was defeated • PARODA and EDBO were promulgated in 1949
by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1001. and in 1958 respectively.
• The Battle of Plassey firmly established the • The All Indian Muhammadan Educational
British Rule in Bengal. Conference was founded in 1886.
• When presidential form of constitution was • Tahzeeb-ul-Akhlaq was started in 1867.
imposed 1st March 1962. • The Queen’s Proclamation was made in 1858.
• The Qutb-ul-Islam mosque was built by Ghiyas- • The author of “Mission with Mountbattan”:
ud-Din Balban. Compbell Johnson.
• Who contributed largely to the spread of Islam • The Federal Shariat Court was established in
in Bengal Shahab-ud-Din Suharwardi. 25th June 1980.
• Syed Ahmad Shaheed fell martyr in 1831 at • Khusrau Malik was the Governor of Lahore.
Balakot (NWFP). • Sindh was conquered by Muhammad Ghauri in
The Scientific Society was founded in 1864 at 1182.
Ghazipur. In 1946 Elections, the All India • Hamayun was born at Kabul.
Muslim League got 100 percent seats in the • Shahjehan erected Peacock throne.
Central Assembly and over 88.8 percent • Pirpur Committee was formed in 1937 and was
seats in the Provincial Assemblies. The headed by Raja Muhammad Mehdi of
Second Summit Conference of the OIC was Pirpur.
held in 1974 at Lahore. • Bahadur Shah II was the Supreme Commander
• The “Asrar-us-Sanadeed” was compiled by Sir of the rebellious armies in the War of
Syed Ahmad Khan. Independence, 1857.
• The Central Muhammadan Association was • Hyderabad Deccan surrendered to India on 17
founded by Syed Amir Ali. September 1948.
• The Muhammadan Literary Society of Calcutta • Syed Ahmad Shaheed captured Peshawar in
was founded by Syed Amir Ali. 1830.
• Mr. Jinnah returned from England in year • Government of Indian Act, 1935 came into
October 1935 to reorganize the AIML. operation in 1937.
• The Indus Water Basin Treaty was signed in the Muhammad bin Qasim captured the city Daibul in
year 19th September 1960. 712 A.D.
• The Alai Darwaza is situated at Delhi. • The Temple of Somnath was situated near the
• Baba Farid Ganj Shakar was a saint of Chishtia peninsula of Gujrat.
Silsila. Jalal-ud-Din Firuz first introduced Arabic coinage
• Arhai Din Ka Jhonpara was a mosque. in Indian.
• Anjuman-e-Himayat-e-Islam was established in • Ala-ud-Din Khilji established Khilji Dynasty.
the year1884. • Babur the founder of Muhgal Dynasty died in
• Islamabad was made capital of Pakistan in the 1530 A.D at Delhi.
year 1959. • The biggest Mosque built by Shahjehan in
• Muhammad bin Qasim was called back by located at Delhi.
Walid bin Abdul Malik. • Red Fort of Delhi was built by Shahjehan.
• Pirthvi Raj was defeated by Muhammad Ghouri • Shabbir Ahmad Usmani was the first president
in 1192 A.D. at the battle of Tarain. of Jamiat-eUlema-e-Islam.
• Khilji Dynasty was founded by Jalal-ud-Din Firuz • My life A Fragment was written by Muhammad
Khilji. Ali Jauhar.
• The R.C.D. was brought about in 1964 among • Yayha Khan became the Chief Martial Law
Pakistan, Iran, and Turkey. Administrator on 25 March 1969.
• The first and second Presidents of the First • The institution of the Federal Ombudsman was
Constituent Assembly of Pakistan were M. A. created in 13 January 1983.
Jinnah and Ch. • The Lovely Moti Masjid is located at Agra.
Muhammad Ali respectively..

• Mahmud Ghaznavi is described as “the first • Haren Minar was built by Jehangir.
pioneer and path-finder for Islam in this country” • The tomb of Qutb-ud-Din Aibak is in Lahore.
by Lane Poole. • Sir Syed Ahmad Khan went to England along
• Buland Darwaza commemorates Akbar’s with his son named Syed Mahmud.
conquest of Nawab Abdul Latif founded Muhammadan
Gujrat. Literary Society in the year1863.
• Behzad was a famous Persian painter. The founder of “Islamia College Peshawar” was
• The real names of Nawab Mohsin-ud-Mulk and Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum.
Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk are Mehdi Ali Khan and The author of the book “Two Nation Theory” is:
Mushtaq Hussain respectively. Shafiq Ali Khan.
• The “Zamindar” and “Comrade” newspapers • The author of the book “Political System of
were edited by Maulana Zafar Ali Khan and Pakistan” is Khalid bin Saeed.
Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar respectively. • The Canal Water Dispute was solved through
• Liaquat Ali Khan was martyred by Said the good offices of World Bank.
Muhammad. • The site for Islamabad was selected in 1960.
Punjab was given the status of a province on 1st • Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto inaugurated the new
April 1970 Education Policy in 1974.
• The Kaunpur Mosque incident took place on 3 • Bombay came to British possession through
August 1913. Dowry.
• Police firing on Khaksars in Lahore took place • The High Courts in Indian were established
on 19 March 1940. under the Act of 1861.
• Lal Bahadur Shahstri was the Prime Minister of • Bee Amma’s real name was Abida Bano.
India at the time of Tashkent Declaration. • Quaid-e-Azam visited NWFP in his life time:
Muhammad bin Qasim appointed Alafi as his Twice.
advisor. • Bande Mathram was composed in Bengal.
• Old name of Pakpatan was Ajudhan. • Who was the president of Muslim League in
• The tomb of Babur is situated at Kabul. 1932 Aziz Ahmad.
• Akbar was born at Umar Kot. • Chaudry Rehmat Ali was a student at
• The author of “Safinat-ul-Auliya” was Dara Cambridge’s college called Trinity.
Shikoh. • Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915.
• Mumtaz Mahal gave birth to 14 children. • NWFP got the status of the Governor’s province
• Maulana Azad’s real name was Abu-al-Kalam. in 1937.
• Hamdard was published by Ali Jauhar. • Sir Syed Ahmad Khan retired from service in:
• Lord Linlithgow was the viceroy of Indian during 1876.
the 2nd World War. • The Fraizi Movement was founded by:
• Defense Council was formed on 1st April 1948. Hajji Shariat Ullah.
• Liaquat Ali Khan went to America in May 1950. • The first Central Office of Muslim League was
• The Simla Agreement was signed on 3rd July established in Lucknow.
1972. • All India Muslim Students Federation was
• Myth of Independence was written by Z. A. founded at Aligarh.
Bhutto.
• Quaid-e-Azam reached Pakistan on 7th August
• Author of My Brother is Miss Fatima Jinnah.
1947.
• The First Constituent Assembly was dissolved • Nizam-e-Islam Party was founded by Chaudry
on 24th October 1954.
Muhammad
• 8th Amendment in the Constitution of 1973 was Ali.
made in 1985.
• The famous book “ Hayat-e-Javed” was written
• The real name of Noor Jehan was Mahr-un- on the life of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
Nisa.
• How many times Mahmud invaded India?

Seventeen.
• Who is the author of the book titled “Last Days
of Quaid”?
Col: Elahi Bakhsh.
• The oldest regional language of Pakistan is
Sindhi.
• Pakistan joined Non-Aligned Movement at
Bandung in 1979.
• Under the Constitution of 1956 which language
was declared as the National Language? Urdu
and Bengali.
• Under which Constitution, “Bicameralism” was
introduced in Pakistan.1973.
• When was the first SAARC Conference held?
Ans. 1985.
• Qutb-ud-Din Aibak died during the game of:
Ans. Polo.
• Cahngez Khan came to India during the reign of
Iltumish.
Razia Sultana Married with Altunia.
• Ibn-e-Batuta visited Indian in14th Century.

The color of the marble of “Taj Mahal” is: • All-India National Congress participated in the
White. 2nd Round Table Conference.
Aurangzeb Alamgir had: Three sons. • Sharif Report highlighted the atrocities of
• Tadar Mal was the revenue minister of: Congress Ministries.
Ans. Akbar • The President of the 1st Constituent Assembly
• Which of the European nations came first to at the time of its dissolution was Maulvi Tamiz-
South Asia? ud-Din
Portuguese. • Pakistan-China boundary Dispute was settled
• Lahore Resolution was presented by: during the government of General Ayub Khan.
Fazl-ul-Haq. • During the Tashkent Agreement the Foreign
• Sikandar Mirza declared Martial Law on: Minister of Pakistan was Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
October 1958. • Largest district of Punjab by area is Bahawalpur.
• Pakistan People’s Party was founded in: Tropic of cancer crosses Pakistan.
1967. The contribution of forestry to the agriculture
• Akbar’s tomb is situated at: Sikandra. sector is 0.4%.
• William Hawkins secured many trade facilities Pakistan irrigation research council was
for the English by Emperor Jehangir. founded in 1964
• Hameeda Bano was mother of: Akbar. NATIONAL EMBLEM
• At the time of his coronation at Kalanour the age
of Akbar was: Thirteen and Half. National Emblem of Britain is Rose-Lion.
• Waqar-ul-Mulk died in 1917. • National Emblem of Bangladesh is Water Lily.
• Who took the oath of Governor-General of • National Emblem of China is Narcissus.
Pakistan from Quaid-e-Azam? Justice Mian • National Emblem of Egypt is Lotus.
Abdul Rashid. • National Emblem of France is Lily.
• When Pakistan gave an application to the • National Emblem of Iran is Rose.
United Nations to become its member which • National Emblem of Kuwait is Falcon.
country opposed it? • National Emblem of Pakistan is Crescent-Jasmine.
Afghanistan. • National Emblem of Syria is Eagle.
• Who was the author of ‘My India Years’: • National Emblem of Sri Lanka is Lion.
Lord Hardinge • National Emblem of Netherlands is Lion.
• Sanghata Movement was started by: Dr Moonje
• The book ‘verdict on India’ was written by:
Beverlay Nickolas FAMOUS EPITHETS
• Famous Wardha scheme was about Education
• Raja Dahir’s wife name is Rani Bai Raja • What city is known as The worlds chocolate
capital: Hershey Pennsylvania
Dahir wife committed suicide Razia Sultana
was the daughter of Iltumish. • Which countries name translates as land of the
• Ibn-e-Batuta was A Moorish free- Thailand The country known as the Land of
• Akbar declared Fateh Pur Sikri the capital of his Thunderbolts is Bhutan Rome is also known as
kingdom. “City of Seven Hills”.
• The Chain of Justice was hanged fro the • Penang is called the “Pearl of East”.
convenience of people for quick justice by • “Sandwich Island” is called to Hawaii Island.
Jehangir. • Detroit is known as the Motor City.
• British India Company was granted permission • Britain of south is called to New Zealand.
of trade with India by Jehangir. • Buffer state of Asia is called to Afghanistan.
• The First British Governor General of India was • Cockpit of Europe is called to Belgium.
Warren Hastings. • Crossroad of Western Europe is called to Belgium.
• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan retired from the British • Emerald Island is called to Ireland.
service as Judge. • Flower garden to Europe is called to Netherlands.
• Gift of Nile is called of Egypt.
• During Hijrat Movement the Muslims of India
migrated to Afghanistan. • Great Britain of the Pacific is called to Japan.
• Island continent is called to Australia.
• Horn of Africa is called to Somalia. • Gibraltar of the west is said to Quebec. Zambia
• Key to Mediterranean is called to Gibraltar. is known as "country of Copper" Albania means
• Land of contrasts is called to Colombia. the “Land of Eagles”.
• Land of free people is called to Thailand. • Argentian means “Like Silver”.
• Land of fertile fields is called to Algeria. • Bahrain means two seas.
• Land of golden fiber is called to Bangladesh. • Brazil means “Red wood”.
Land of midnight sun is called to Norway. • Costa Rica means “Rich coast”.
• Land of milk and honey is called to Lebanon. • Cyprus means “Land of copper”.
• Land of morning calm is called to Korea. • Guuatnemala mean “Land of Eagles”.
• Land of mighty rivers is called to Nigeria. • Jamaica means “Good water”.
• Land of mountain is called to Nepal. • Kuwait means “Fort”.
• Land of rising sun is called to Japan. • Liberia means “Land of free people”.
• Land of Thousand Island is called to Indonesia. • Netherlands means “low land”.
• Land of pure people is called to Pakistan. • Nigeria means “a great river”.
• Land of white elephant is called to Thailand. • Sierra Leone means “Lion Mountains”.
• Pillars of Hercules is called to Gibraltar. • Singapore means “city of lions”.
• Playground of Europe is called to Switzerland. • Sudan means “Land of black people”.
• Remnant of mighty empire is called to Austria. • Turkey means “Land of Turks”.
• Sorrow of china is called to Hawang Hoo. • Which country is popularly called ‘The Land of the
• Switzerland of Africa is called to Swaziland. Site Maple Leaf’?
of Ancient Civilization is called to Iraq. Canada
Whiteman’s Grave is called to Guinea. • Mistress of the Eastern Seas is epithet referred to
• Brasilia of Pakistan is called to Islamabad. Sri Lanka. Hong Kong is called as Pearl of the
• City of angles is called to Bangkok. City of Orient.
bazaars is called to Cairo. • Which worlds city is known as The Golden City
• City of colleges is called to Lahore. Prague Czech
• City of conference is called to Geneva. • What place was nicknamed "The Pearl of the
• City of cosmonauts is called to Moscow. Orient"-Manilla - Philippines
• City of eternal spring is called to Quito. What countries name translates as lion
• City of golden temple is called to Amritsar. mountains- Sierra
• City of Golden Gate is called to San Francisco. Leone
• City of mosques is called to Dhaka. What place is nicknamed "The City of Lilies"-
• City of parks is called to Kiev. Florence
• City of palaces is called to Calcutta. • Mesopotamia means- Between two Rivers
• City of pope is called to Rome.
• City of space flights is called to Cape Kennedy. COUNTRIES WITH CAPITALS &
• City of peace is called to Baghdad. Currencies
• Forbidden City is called to Lahaska.
• Gateway to the east is called to Beirut. COUNTRY CAPITAL CURRENCY
• Gateway to the gulf is called to Abu Dhabi. Afghanistan Kabul Afghani
• Gateway to India is called to Bombay. Algeria Algiers
• Gateway to Pakistan is called to Karachi. Argentina Buenos Aires
• Little Pakistan is called to Bradford. Australia Canberra Australian Dollar
• Manchester of Pakistan is called to Faisalabad. Austria Vienna
• Pyramid city is called to Cairo. Azerbaijan Baku
• Rose pink city is called to Jaipur. Belgium Brussels
• Windy city is called to Chicago. Bhutan Thimphu
• Lusitanian is the alternative name of Portugal. Bosnia Sarajevo
• Emerald Island is called to Ireland. Herzegovina
• Land of Prophets is called to Palestine. Canada Ottawa
• Yellow River is known as China’s Sorrow because China Beijing Yuan
of devastating floods. Cuba Havana
Cyprus Nicosia
Denmark Copenhagen Krone

Egypt Cairo Pound Libya Tripoli Dinal
France Paris Franc Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit
Gorgia Tibillsi Maldives Male
Germany Berlin Deutsche Mark
Morocco Rabat
Greece Athens
Nepal Kathmandu Rupaia
Hungary Budapest
Netherlands Amsterdam Guilder
India New Delhi Rupee New Zealand Wellington
Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah
Nigeria Abuja
Iran Tehran Riyal
Iraq Baghdad Dinar Norway Oslo Krone
Ireland Dublin Phillippines Manila
Israel Tel Aviv Shekel Poland Budapest
Italy Rome Pesso
Japan Tokyo Yen Qatar Doha
Jordan Oman Russia Moscow Ruble
Kazakhastan Astana Saudi Arabia Riyadh Riyal
Bulgaria Sofia
North Korea Pyongyang
Singapore Singapore Dollar
South Korea Seoul won South Africa Pretoria and Cape Town
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Som Rand
Lebanon Beirut Spain Madrid
• Najd and Hejaz Saudi

Arabia.
New Granda Colombia.
Nippon Japan.
Persia Iran.
Siam Thailand.
South Rhodesia Zimbabwe.
South West Africa Namibia.
Soviet Union Russian
Federation.
Turkmenia Turkmenistan.
Upper Volta Burkina Faso.
Urumdi Brumdi.
Constantinople Istanbul.
Christiana Oslo.
Formosa Taiwan.
Greenland Kalaallet
Nunaat.
Holland Netherlands.
Combodia Kampuchea.
Krugn Thep Bangkok.

Leningard St.
Petersburg.
Montgomery Sahiwal.
Burma Myanmar. • Old
Peiking Beijing. name of Tamil
Persia Iran. Nadu is
Zimbabwe. Madras State.
Rhodesia
The earlier
Salisbury Harare.
name of New
Tripoli Libya. York city was
Madras Chennai. New
Edo Tokyo. Amsterdam
Temasek Singapore. Prior to
Dushanbe. independence,
Stalinabad
Ghana was
United Arab Egypt.
called ‘Gold
Republic Coast’.
Jabal-i-Tariq Gibraltar
Equatorial Africa Chad
Ray Isfahan
Pataliputra Patna
Sankiang Xinjiang
• Afghanistan was known as Ariana.
• The new name of Yalamlam is As-Sadiya.
• The name of Mesopotamia was changes to Iraq in
the year 1935.
• The earlier name of New York city was New
Amsterdam
IMPORTANT ORGANISATIONS & PACTS
Name Founded Member

Headquarter ADB- 1986-
Philippines
• Arab League- 1945- 22- Cairo
• ASEAN- Aug 8, 1967- 9- Jakarta,
founded at
Bangkok.
• COMECON- 1948- Havana.
• Colombo Plan- 1st July 1951- Colombo (Srilanka)
Common Wealth-1931- 53- London.
• Council of Europe-1949- 34-
Strasbourg. CIS- Jan 1991- 12-
• D8- 15 June 1997- Founded at
Turkey, HQ
Turkey.
• ECO- Jan 1985- 8- Tehran. GCC- 1981- 6-
Riyadh
• ICJ- 1951- Geneva. ICRC- 1883- Geneva.
• Interpol 1956 Lyon (France)
• NAM 1961
• OIC 22 to 25 Sep 1969- 56- Jeddah established
in Rabat (Morocco).
Sri Lanka Colombo
Sudan Khartoum
Sweden Stockholm Krona
Switzerland Bern
Syria Damascus Pound
Taiwan Taipei
• SAARC 8, 1985- 7- 8 Katmandu established at
Tajikistan Dushanbe Dhaka.
Thailand Bankok
• NATO- 1949 Brussels.
Turkey Istanbul Lira
• SEATO Sep 8, 1954 founder at Manila, ended in
Turkmenista Ashgabad
1977.
Ukraine Kiev
UA Abu Dhabi • UNO 24 Oct 1945 New York.
• Warsaw Pact 14th May 1955. Dissolved in
UK London
1991.
US Washington D.C
Uzbekistan Tashkent
Vietnam Hanoi
Yemen Sanaa
Eritrea Asmara
Bangladesh Dhaka Taka
CHANGED NAMES
Old Name New Name
Pipri Bin Qasim.
Lyallapur Faisalabad.
Abyssinia Ethiopia.
Burma Myanmar.
Ceylon Srilanka.
• Duch-East-Indies Indonesia.
• French Sudan Mali.
Helvetia Switzerland.
Mogyarzaq Hungry.
Mesopotamia Iraq.

Term of non-permanent members of the Security • The IBRD was established in 27th Dec 1945.
Council is 2 years. • Steel Pact was signed between Italy and Germany
• General Assembly and Security Council appoints on 22nd May 1939 at Berlin.
the judges of International Court of Justice. • Camp David Accord made between Egypt and Israel
• RCD was changed to ECO in Jan 1985. on 17 Sep 1978.
• G-8 was established on 22 September 1985. G-8 • Locarno pact signed on 16th October 1925, signed at
was originally the G-5 but was expanded when Locarno.
Canada, Italy and Russia jointed in June 1997. • Four Power Pact was signed on 16th July 1933 at
• European Union came in to being on January 1, Paris.
2000, EU adopted Euro currency in 2001. Its head • CENTO was signed on 24th Feb 1955 in Baghdad.
quarter is in Brussels (Belgium). Balkan Pact was signed on 9th Feb 1934.
• International Energy Agency was founded in 1974; Eisenhower Doctrine was announced in 1957.
its head quarter is in Paris (France). • Entente Cordiale was formed in April 1904; the
• International Olympic Committee was formed in agreement was signed between England and
1984; its head quarter is in Lausanne (Switzerland). France.
• The head quarter of international Red Cross and • Dawes Plan was introduced in 1924.
Red Crescent is in Geneva (Switzerland). • CTBT opened for signature from Sep 24, 1996.
• Organization of Petroleum and Exporting Countries KELLOGG-Briand pact was signed by 15 states on
was founded in Baghdad in 1960; its head quarter is 27th August 1928, it was signed in Paris.
in Vienna (Austria). • Rio Summit was held in Rio-de-Janero on 14th
• The organization of Economic Cooperation and 1992.
Development was founded in 1961; its head quarter • According to the young plan (1929) announced after
is in Paris (France). The world council of churches the First World War Germany was required to pay
was established in 1948 in Amsterdam 100 million dollars in installments.
(Netherlands), its headquarter is in Geneva • UN’s resolution 1441about Iraq was passed in Nov
(Switzerland). 2002.
• North American Free Trade Agreement, its origin • Amnesty International is an international
lies in the free trade agreement signed by the USA organization, which works for the release of the
and Canada in 1989. political prisoners. It was established by peter
• The organization of African Unity was founded in Bomenson in the year of 1961.
1963; its head quarter is in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). • In 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt signed the Atlantic
• The organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Charter.
Countries was founded in 1968, its headquarter is in • Truman Doctrine-------announced on 12 March 1947
Cairo (Egypt). about the security of Greece and Turkey.
• Organization of American State was founded in • USSR and its allies signed Warsaw pact in the year
1948; its heat quarter is in Washington DC (USA). 1955.
• The famous Dumbarton Oaks conference, which
• There are 76 countries in WTO.
formulated proposals about UN charter, was held in
• China became the member of the World Trade
Dec 1944.
Organization on 11 December 2001 • On 14th August 1941, US president F.D Roosevelt
• OPANAL stands for Agency for the Prohibition of and British Premier W. Churchill signed the Atlantic
Nuclear Weapons in Latin America. Charter on a battle ship.
• OPANAL was formed on 2nd December, 1969, its • Veraillies Treaty was signed in 1919.
headquarter is in Mexico City.
• Bostan Tea party tool place in 1773.
• OECS stands of Organization of Eastern Caribbean • The civil right act, which was passed in USA in
States, established on 18th June 1981. 1964, was the result of the March of 250000 people
• The head quarter of OECS is in Casries (St. Lucia). organized by Martin Luther king in 1963.
• UN has 6 principle organs. • The famous XYZ affair tool place when an American
• Security Council has 5 permanent members. delegation visited England.
• The Economic and Social Council acts as • Potsdam conference was held in 1945.
coordinating body for the numerous specialized • Mamoon Abdul Gavvum (PM of Maldives) said
agencies created by the UN. The council has 54 SAARC is a brainchild.
members elected for the term of 3 years.
• Napolean I, first person to call English a nation of
• The international court of justice comprises 15 shopkeepers.
judges.
• Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent • The head quarter of World Health Organization is in
perspiration; Thomas A. Edison said these words. Geneva (Switzerland).
• Hippocrates said that extreme remedies are most • The head quarter of World Intellectual Property
appropriate for extreme disease. Organization is in Geneva (Switzerland).
• Archimedes said that give me but one firm spot on • The head quarter of World Meteorological
which to stand, and I will move the earth. Organization is in Geneva (Switzerland).
• Leonardo da vinci observed that every man – at • The head quarter of World Bank or IBRD is in
three years oldis half his height. Washington (USA).
• Mulla Mizam Ud Din introduced Darse Ninamia in • The head quarter of World Trade Organization is in
Indo-Pak. Geneva (Switzerland).
• Interpol was founded in 1923 in what city- Vienna • The head quarter of United Nation Development
• The Asian development bank established in 1966 Program is in New York (USA).
with headquarters located at MANILA (philipines). • The head quarter of United Nations High
• Eqypt, Iraq, jorden, Lebanon, Saudi Arab, Syria and Commissioner for Refugees is in Geneva
Yemen are the founder nations of the Arab league. (Switzerland).
• Asian development bank was established in 1966 • The head quarter of United Nations International
with headquarter located at manila (philipine) Children’s Emergency Fund is in New York (USA).
• The International court of Justice is located in • The head quarter of United Nations Relief and
Hague, Holland WHO is not the principal organ of Works Agency is in Vienna (Austria).
the United Nations. • Head quarters of WWF are in Vienna, Austria.
• Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on Dec: • SAARC was formed in December 1985.
10, 1948. • SAARC Human Resource Development Centre is
• Green Peace has no formal structure and located at Islamabad.
Secretariat. • HQ of Universal Postal Union is in Berne.
• New Zealand’s Don McKinnon is the first secretary
HEADQUARTERS OF WORLD ORGANISATIONS general of commonwealth.
• First Islamic Summit was held at Rabat in 1969.
The head quarter of Food and Agriculture • Second Islamic Summit was held at Lahore in 1974.
Organization is in Rome (Italy).
• 1n 1948 the UN drawn up a charter of civil and
• The head quarter of International Atomic Energy political rights.
Agency is in Vienna (Austria). • First Secretary General of UN was Tregav Lee of
• The heal quarter of International Civil Aviation Norway.
Organization is in Montréal (Canada). • Kofi Anan got noble peace price in 2001.
• The head quarter of International Fund for • UNO word was coined by F.D Roosevelt.
Agricultural Development is in Rome (Italy). • Kofi Anan is the 7th Secretary General of UNO.
• The head quarter of International Labor • What was the first country to leave the United
Organization is in Geneva (Switzerland). Nations-
• The head quarter of International Monetary Fund is Indonesia
in Washington (USA). • Don McKinnon is the secretary General of
• The head quarter of International Maritime Commonwealth.
Organization is in London (UK). The term of the judges of the international court of
• The head quarter of International justice is 9 years.
Telecommunication Union is in Geneva ILO is not an organ of the UN.
(Switzerland). First city to be placed under UN was Sarajevo.
• The head quarter of United Nations Educational, The UN observed 1998 as the human rights year
Scientific and Cultural Organization) is in Paris with the theme “ All Human Rights for All”.
(France). • ICJ has 15 judges, any two of whom cannot be of
• The head quarter of United Nations Industrial the same nationality.
Development Organization is in Vienna (Austria). • Myanmar is not a member of SAARC.
• The head quarter of Universal Postal Union is in • UN Charter was signed on June 26, 1945 and came
Berne (Switzerland). into force on October 24, 1945.

• Olive Branch is the emblem of the U.N. • World health day is observed on 7 th April.
• Five permanent members of U.N Security Council • Universal children’s day is observed on 20
are China, France, Russia, UK and US. November.
• UN Security Council has five permanent and 10 • World’s aids day is observed on 1 December.
non-permanent members. • United nation’s day is observed on 24 th October.
• Bangladesh is not a member of ASEAN. International day of disabled person is observed
• As per SAFTA agreement, India, Pakistan & Sri on 3 December.
Lanka have to decrease their custom duties to 0-5% • Human rights day is observed on 10 December.
by 2013. • Press day is celebrated on 3rd May.
• Estonia is not a member of CIS. • Kashmir Solidarity Day is observed on 5 Feb.
• Portuguese is not an official language of UN. • In France the Bastille Day is celebrated on 14 th
• ICJ has issued the arrest warrant of ... Omar al July.
Basher of • International Literacy day is observed on 8 Sep.
Sudan • World children day is observed on 8 th March.
• The United States of America has used its veto • Human rights day is observed on 10 th Dec.
power more than any other permanent member • Day against drug trafficking is observed on 26
• G-7 is the group of seven rich industralial nations- June.
Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and • 22 March is celebrated as the world day for water.
the US. • 11th July is known as World Population Day.
• The UNO originated during the second world war.Its • Kashmir solidarity day is celebrated all over the
charter was drawn up from 25th April to 26th June, country on 5th February.
1945 at San Francisco which was signed by 51 • World`s teacher day was observed on October 5,
countries. 2005 in Pakistan.
• In 1971 the people Republic of China was given • International Literacy Day is celebrated on
membership of UNO by expelling Taiwan. September 8. International Ozone Day is
• Switzerland is not the member of UNO. observed on September 16. The year 1998 was
• Headquarter of Arab League is located in Cairo. observed as the International Year of Ocean.
• The UN Industrial Development Organization has its • Commonwealth Day is observed on May 24 every
headquarters at Vienna. year.
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted • Human Rights Day is observed on 10 th December
in 1948. every year.
• Initially, Arab league has seven countries. • No Smoking Day is observed on April 7.
• Headquarter of Arab League is located in Cairo. • World Book Day is observed on April 23.
• United Nations spends a lion’s share of its budget • World Environment Day is observed on June 5.
on Refugees rehabilitations • 3rd may... world press freedom day
• The UNO originated during the Second World War. • World literacy day is celebrated on 8th September
Its charter was drawn up from 25th April to 26th
June 1945 at San Francisco, which was signed, by
51 countries. IMPORTANT BOOKS & THEIR AUTHORS
• What famous battle was fought at Pancenoit-
Waterloo - (four miles away) • Shahnama-i-Islam was written by Hafeez Jalandri.
• Transparency International is based in Berlin. • Man who ruled India was written by Philip Woodruff.
• The book confession was written by Rousseau.
Quaid –e-Azam Jinnah. The story of a Nation is
written by G.Allana.
IMPORTANT DAYS • Heroes and Hero-Worship was written by Carlyle.
• Foundation of Pakistan was written by Sharif ud din
• International Day for the elimination of racial Pirzada.
discrimination is observed on 21 March. • Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam was written by Edward
• World environment day is observed on 5 th June. Fitzgeranld.
• Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore.
International day of peace is observed on 3 rd
Tuesday of September. • Asrar-e-khudi is written by Allama Iqbal
• Bal-e-Jibril is written by Allama Iqbal
• World food day is observed on 16 October.
• Bang-e-dara is written by Allma Iqbal
International women’s day is observed on 8 th March.
• Bostan is written by Sheikh Saadi
• Darbar-i-Akbari is written by Azad, Muhammad • Old man and the Sea is written by Ernest
Hussain Hamingway
• Gulistan is written by Sheikh Saadi • Oliver Twist is written by Charles Dickens
• Hayat-i-Jawid is written by Hali • Origin Of species is written by Charles Darwin
• Javaid Nama is written by Allama Iqbal • Paradise Lost is written by John Milton
• Jawab-e-Shikwah is written by Allama Iqbal • Pickwick papers is written by Charles Dickens
• Ktab al Shifa is written by Ibn Sina • Pride and Prejudice is written by Jane Austen
• Mirat ul Aroos is written by Nazir Ahmed • Robinson Crusoe is written by Daniel Defoe
• Muqaddamah is written by Ibn Khaldun • Sense and Sensibility is written by Jane Austin
Shaer o Shaeri is written by Altaf Hussain Hali • Sohrab and Rustam Mathew Arnold
• Mussaddas-i-Hali is written by Altaf Hussain Hali • Social Contact is written by Rousseau
• Naqsh-e-Faryadi is written by Faiz Ahmed Faiz • Treasure Island is written by R.L Stevenson
• Payam-e-Mashriq is written by Allama Iqbal • Tropic of Cancer is written by Henry Miller
• Shahnama is written by Firdausi • Twelfth Night is written by W. Shakespeare
• Tehzeeb al Ikhlaq is written by Sir Syed Ahmed • A Tale of Two Cities is written by Charles Dickens
Khan Tafhim ul quran is written by Syed Abdul ala • Vanity of Human Wishes is written by Samuel
Maudoodi. Johnson
• Yadgar-i-Galib is written by Hali • Wealth of Nation is written by Adam Simith
• Zabur-e-Anjam is written by Dr. Allama Iqbal • Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan is written by Stanley Wolpert
• Zarb-e-Kaleem is written by Dr. Allama Iqbal
• Arabian Nights is written by Sir Richard Buton
• An Ideal Husband is written by Oscar Wilde
• A woman of No importance is written by Oscar Wild
• Animal Farm is written by George Orwell
• Anthony Cleopatra is written by W. Shakespeare
• As you like it is written by W. Shakespeare
• Caesar and Cleopatra is written by G.B Shaw
• Comedy of Errors is written by W. Shakespeare
• Daughter of the East is written by Benazir Bhuto
• Decline and Fall of Roman Empire is written by
Edward Gibbon
• Doctor’s Dilemma is written by G.B Shaw
• East of Aden is written by John Steinbeck
• French Revolution is written by Tomas Carlyle
• Freedom at Midnight is written by Larry Collins and
Dominique
Lapiere
• Gone with the Wind is written by Margaret Mithchel
• Great Expectations is written by Charles Dickens
• Gulliver’s Travels is written by Jonathan Swift
• Hamlet is written by W.Shakespeare
• Ibn Battuta Travels in Asia and Africa is written by
Ibn Battuta
• Jungle book is written by Rudyard Kipling
• Jinnah of Pakistan is written by Stanley Wolpert
• Myth of independence is written by Z. A Bhutto
• World War is written by W. Churchill
• Merchant of Venice is written by Shakerpeare
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah is written by M.H Saiyid
• Much Ado About Nothing is written by Shakespeare
• Nine Days Wonder is written by John Masefield
• Nineteen Eighty Four is written by George Orwell

Faust is written by Goethe • Foust was written by Goethe.
• Mein Kampf is written by Hitler • “Profiles in Courage” is written by Henry Kissinger.
• Divine Comedy is written by Dante • Pickwick Papers were written by Charles Dickens.
• Odyssey (Greek) is written by Homer • “East and Eden” was written by John Steinback.
• Utopia is written by Thomas Mooore • A farewell to Arms is written by Earnest Hemingway.
• War and Peace is written by Leo Tolstoy • Travel in Arabian Desert was written by C.M
• Crime and Punishment is written by F.M Dostovsky Doughty.
• Communist Manifesto is written by Karl Marx and • The spirit of Islam was written by Syed Ameer Ali.
Eagles • The poem Shikwah and Jawab-e-Sikwah was
• Das Capital is written by Karl Marx written by Allama
• The idiot is written by Dostoevsky Iqbal.
• Don Quixoto is written by Miguel De Cervates • Five Thousand Years of Pakistan was written by
• The Prince is written by Machiavelli REM Wheeler.
• Constitutional Development of Pakistan is written by • Struggle of Pakistan was written by I.H Qureshi.
G.W • The poem “Ancient Mariner” is the work of
Choudhry Coleridge.
• Five Thousand Years of Pakistan is written by • White Papers are policy statements published by
Wheeler R.E.M the British parliament on the subject of tremendous
• Foreign Policy of Pakistan is written by Zulifkar Ali public importance.
Bhutto • Blue Books are the official reports of the British
• Jinnah, Creator of Pakistan is written by Hecor Government.
Bolitho • White Books are the official publications of the
• Muslim Separatism in India and Pakistan is written countries like Portugal, China, and Germany.
by Abdul Hamid • Yellow Books are the official records of France.
• Pakistan the Formative Phase is written by Grey Books are the official policy as well as reports
Lawrence Ziring of the Japanese government.
• Political Syetem in Pakistan is written by Khalid B. Green Books are the official reports of the Italian
Saeed government.
• Politics in Pakistan is written by Khalid B. Saeed Orange Books are the official publication of the
• Quaid-i-Azam and Pakistan is written by Ahmad Netherlands.
Hasan Dani Lenin wrote ‘the state and revolution’.
• Struggle for Pakistan is written by I.H Qureshi Ibn-e-Khaldun retired as a judge.
• The Emergence of Pakistan is written by • Al Ghazali is known as Hujatul Islam.
Mohammad Ali • The name of the book, which Al-Farabi wrote, is
Choudhry ‘Ara Madinatul Fazila’.
• The Making of Pakistan is written by K.K Aziz • Plato wrote ‘the laws’.
• Towards Pakistan is written by Whaeed-uz-Zaman • Aristotle founded ‘the lyceum’.
• World Politics Since 1945 is written by P. • Mao wrote ‘On contradictions’.
Calvocrassi • J.S. Mill wrote ‘On liberty’.
• Khusboo is written by Parveen Shakir • Witness to surrender=Siddique Saliq.
• Laila Majnoo is written by Amir Khusro • A short history of Pak: =I.H.Qureshi.
• Akbar nama is written by Abu Fazal • Discovery of Pak: = A.Aziz.
• Al Qanoon fil Tib is written by Ibne Sina • Foundation of Pak: = Sharifuddin Pirzada.
• Green Book is written by Presisdent Moamoor • Five Thousand Years of Pak::= R.E.M. Wheeler.
Gadafi • History of Freedom Movement=I.H.Qureshi.
• Republic is written by Plato • Jinnah of Pak: = Stanley Woolpert.
• Revolution and Independence is written by Words • Jinnah as I know him= Abdul Hassan Isphahani.
Worth • The Making of Pakistan= Richard Symonds.
• Road to Freedom is written by Bertrand Russel • The Making of Pakistan=K.K.Aziz.
Romeo and Juliet is written by Shakespeare Joan • Jinnah: Creator of Pak: =Hector Bolithio.
of Arc is written by G.W Shaw. • Quaid-e-Azam: The Story of A Nation=G.Allana.

• India wins Freedom= Abdul Kalam Azad. • Conquest of Happiness was authored by Bertrand
Emergence of Pak: =Ch: Rahmat Ali. Towards Russel. Crossing the Threshold of Hope was
Pakistan=Wahiduzaman authored by Pope John
• Transfer of Power in India=V.P.Memon. Paul II.
• Pak: Nagozeer Tha= Syed Hasan Raza. • Gulliver’s Travel is authored by Jonathan Swift in
• Quaid-i-Azam & Pakistan=Ahmed Hassan Dani. which there is description of the island of Lilliputs.
• Friends not Masters=Ayub Khan. • Higher than Hopes is biography of Nelson Mandela.
• The Pakistan Issue= Nazir Yar Jung. • India Divided is a book written by Dr. Rajenra
• Quid wrote the preface of “My Leader”=Ziauddin Parsad.
Ahmed. • Indian War of Independence is a book written by
• Muslim Nationalism in India= Malik Hafeez. V.D. Savarkar.
• Pathway to Pak: = Ch: Khaiquzzaman. • Kubla Khan is a poem by Coleridge.
• The Indian Musalimans= W.W.Hunter. Our • Life Divine is a book written by Sri Aurobindo.
Struggle=Mohd: Noman. • Men are from Mars; Women are from Venus is the
• Evolution of Pak: Sharifuddin Pirzada. book written by John Gray.
• Mohd: Ali Jinnah=G.Allana. • Mother India is a book written by Katherine Mayo.
• Birth of Pak: =Dr. Sachin. • My Frozen Turbulence in Kashmir is written by
• Pak: the Heart of Asia= Liaquat Ali Khan. Jagmohan.
• Incomplete Partition = Alastair Lamb. Birth of a • Unto This Last is written by Ruskin.
tragedy= Dr. Tahir Amir. • Who wrote Gone with the Wind: Margaret Mitchell
• My Last day with Quaid=Ilahi Bux Who wrote "History of God"? Karen Armstrong
• Outline of a scheme of Indian Federation=Sir Raghuvasma was written by Kalidas.
Sikandar Hayat Khan. • Grief and Hope is a book written by Noa Ben Artizi-
• Thought on Pakistan= Ambedkar. Plossof, granddaughter of slain Israili PM Yitzak
• 'Freedom' at Midnight= Larry Collins Rabin.
• Hayat-e-Javed was written by Altaf Hussain Hali. • Freedom Behind Bars is a book written by Kiran
• The Forgotten Years is an autobiography of from Bedi. Hayat-e-Jawaid, written by Altaf Hussain
Foreign Minister Sir Zafarullah Khan. Hali, is on the life of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
• Mission with Mountabatten=Alan Campbell • “The Sun also Rises” is written by Earnest
Johnson. Hemingway.
• Religious Thought of Sayyid Ahmed Khan==Bahir • Khadija Mastoor wrote Angan.
Ahmad Dar. • Imam Ghazali is the author of Ihya-ul-Uloom.
• The Cambridge History of the British • Montesquieu wrote ‘the spirit of laws’.
Empire=H.H.Dodwell. • Who wrote the book - Call of the Wild-Jack London
• Oxford History of India=Vincent Smith.
• India, Pakistan & the West=Percival Smith.
The book “party politics in Pakistan’ (1947-58) is IMPORTANT BATTLES
written by K.K.AZIZ.
Alice in Wonderland is a book written by Lewis
• Battle of Jhelum was fought b/w Alexandar the
Carrol.
Great and Raja Porus in 326 B.C. The latter was
• Edwina and Nehru is written by Catherine Clement. defeated.
Beloved is a novel authored by Toni Morrison.

• Mahumud Ghaznavi invaded on Somnath in 1025 • At the end of Second World War in 1945, Germany
A.D. Battle of Tarain was fought b/w Mohd: was divided among 4 major powers.
Ghouri and Prithvi Raj in 1192 A.D. The former won • In Opium war Britain fought against China.
the battle. • Gulf war Jan 1991 stopped in Feb 28, 1991.
• First battle of Panipat was fought b/w Ibrahim Lodhi • Iran-Iraq was started in Sep 1980 and ended in
and Babur in 1526. Babur won the battle. Aug1988.
• Second battle of Panipat was fought in 1556. Akbar • Lloyd George of Great Britain represented in treaty
won the battle. of Versailles.
• Third battle of Panipat was fought b/w Ahmad Shah • Germany remained in grip of allied occupation from
Abdali and Marahttas in 1760. Ahmed Shah 1994 to 1952.
defeated the latter. • The American general who acted as the supreme
• West Bank was occupied in 1967. commander of Allied forces in Europe during the
• Japan attacked Pearl Harbour located in Hawaii on Second World War was D.D Eisenhower.
7 Dec: • The criminals of the Second World War were trailed
1941. in the city of Nuremburg.
• Israel occupied Golan Heights from Syria. • Break up of Germany occurred on 1945 and merger
• Iran & UAE dispute over Persian Gulf islands, on Oct 3, 1990.
Greater & lesser Tunbs. • Iraq occupied Kuwait on 2nd Aug 1990.
• Sakhalin island is dispute b/w Russia & Japan. In • USA dropped an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 th
Battle of Sabroan, English defeated Sikhs and August 1945.
captured Lahore. • First World War begun on 1914 A.D. and Second
Nickname of Atomic Bomb dropped on Hiroshima in World War started in 1939 when Germany attacked
1945 was Little Boy and on Nagasaki=Fat Man. on Poland, it is also considered as greatest war.
• The hundred-year war actually lasted for 114 years. • Germans call a WW1 sea fight Battle of Skagerrak
• Sir William Howard Russell was the first Great War what in UK: Battle of Jutland
correspondent. • Operation Thunderbolt was the nickname given to
Hundred years war fought between France and which raid
Britain during 1338-1453. Israeli raid on Entebbe
• Cease-fire between Iran and Iraq took place in • In WW2 the Germans launched operation Bernhard
1988, by the intervention of U.N. - what Counterfeit British Notes
• The place named Normandy became worlds famous • In WW2 what was the German codename for
due to the D.Day landing during the Second World invasion of
War on 6th June 1944. Normandy is located in Russia- Barberossa
France. • Operation Dracula in WWII freed what city-Rangoon
• Pearl Harbor incident took place on 7 th Dec 1941. Burma
In 1982 the Falklands war was fought between Which 19th century battle UK / USA fought after
Britain and Argentina. peace signed-
• Civil War of USA lasted from 1861-1865. Battle of New Orleans
• The famous British Naval commander, who Waterloo is now in... Belgium
defected the French Naval Fleet at Nile in 1788 and The Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon at the
at Trafalgar in 1805, was Horatio Nelson. Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
• Doer war fought between South Africa and British. • What famous battle was fought at Pancenoit-
• Fighting broke out between Greeks and the Turks in Waterloo - (four miles away)
July 1974.

The third battle of Panipat was fought between • Fear of heights is Acrophobia
Marathas and Afghans. • 1 liter = 0.9 kg
In Battle of Sabroan, English defeated Sikhs and • Drinker’s apparatus is for measuring the amount of
captured Lahore. Alcohol in the blood.
• Atomic pile is a place where nuclear fission is made.
• Dewar’s flask is called as thermos.
HIGHEST MILITARY AWARDS • Atomic weight of chemical compounds is
determined by Mass spectroscopy.
• Highest military award of Britain is Victoria Cross. • Tube light emits radiation even after it is
• Highest military award of Germany is Iron Cross. disconnected. It is due to Fluorescence
• Highest military award of India is Pardam Vir • The conversion of gases into liquid under high
Chakra. pressure and low temperature is called regulation.
• Highest military award of Japan is Order of the • If a green leaf is seen in a red light its color will be
Rising Sun. black.
• Highest military award of Pakistan is Nishan-i- • Emerge of VIBGYOR from one side of the prism is
Haider. due to refraction and dispersion of light.
• Highest military award of Russia is Order of the
• 510 million square kilometers is the total surface
Patriotic War.
area of the ear Linseed oil is used while oil
• Highest military award of USA is Victory Medal.
painting.
• What countries highest award is The Order of the
ElephantDenmark • During the winter months 90% of fallen leaves are
taken underground by earth worm
GENERAL INFORMATION • Cox orange pippen is a biological name of an apple
• Breitling orbiter 3 was the first balloon to fly non-
stop around the world
• Water vapors are formed due to evaporation
Aircraft designers test their model of aircraft in wind
• Gas in gobar (cow dung) is ethylene. (Check it
tonnel
biogas is natural gas)
Aircrafts are made of alluminium alloys
• GMT was established in 1884 Flaps are used as air brakes
• Radio broad casting started in 1920 Darwin visited Galapagos Island before giving his
• Calorie requirement sedentary is 2500 k.cal, light theory of Natural Selection.
word is 3000 Staple food is the basic food
k.cal, moderate work is 3500 k.cal and heavy work is
• The crops like legumes and beens and clover form
4000 k.cal
their own fertilizer. Farmers grow these crops and
• Water is 830 times heavier than air plough into soil as fertilizers. This process is called
• Driving mirror is usually convex green manuring.
• Dossier means relevant papers • Scientists have recently discovered a new taste
• In deserts clouds do not precipitate due to low called Umami.
humidity • Braille system is named after its inventor the
• Rain drop is shaped like a peer Frenchman Louis
• Money is made of cotton Brille.
• Chino phobia is a fear of snow
• Cyber phobia is a fear of computer

FIRST, LARGEST, BIGEST, LONGEST, • Mount Everest (2759 N 8656 E) is the highest
OLDEST mountain peak, which is located on Nepal Tibet
border in the Himalayas.
• What is Europe's largest port-Rotterdam • New Cornelia tailings on ten mile wash Arizona USA
• What was first used at the 1904 St Louis Olympic with a volume of 209500 million cubic meters is the
games-Gold medals silver was first before world’s largest volume dam.
• Where is the worlds oldest university- Fez Morocco • Taipei-I built in Taiwan is world’s second tallest
–founded building.. The Atacama Desert in Chile is the driest
859 place of the world and Masynram in Assam (India)
• What is the largest Island in The Greater Antilles- is the wettest place in the world.
Cuba Canada has the longest coastline, which is 151,489
• What is the worlds most polluted major city-Mexico miles in the length, and Monaco’s coastline
City measures only 3.5 miles in length.
• What is the worlds fastest moving insect-Tropical • Dalol Danaki depression in Ethiopia with an average
Cockroach annual temperature of 35c (95f) is the hottest place
• Where is the largest church in the world-Vatican in on earth and
Rome
• What was the first country to use postcards- Austria
• Where is the worlds largest Chinese settlement
outside Asia
San Francisco – Chinatown
• Which country has no national monetary unit of it's
own
Andorra
• Which country has the highest % of women in their
legislature
Cuba
• Which country has the most daily newspapers- India
• Which city was built in the design of a union flag
Khartoum
• What was the first country to use TV as a mass info
media
Germany
• In which country is the worlds longest road tunnel
Switzerland
• Which country has no public toilets- Peru
• Bill gates (USA), founder and chairman of Microsoft
Corporation, is currently the richest person in the
world and Lillian Bettencourt (France) is the richest
woman in the world.
• Nauru, an island located in western Pacific Ocean,
is the smallest republic of the world.

Plateau station, in Antarctica with an average • Kazakhstan is the largest Muslim country in land
annual temperature of -56.7c (-71.7f), is the coldest area in the world. It has an area of 1,049,000
place of the globe. Grand central terminal of New sq.miles. Maldives is the smallest Muslim country in
York is the largest railway station. It covers an area land area of 115 sq. miles.
of 48 acres. • Indonesia is the most populous Muslim country and
The Seikan railway tunnel in Japan is the longest Maldives is less populous Muslim country.
railway tunnel in the world, it s length is 33.50 miles • Antarctica is the uninhabited continent of the world,
(53.9 km) which is without any regular population.
• Longest road tunnel is St. Goatherd Rd. located in • Seoul (South Korea) is the most populous city of the
Switzerland world.
16.3 km long. • The lake Baikal of Russia has the maximum depth
• The yellow stone national park (USA) is the largest of 5315 feet. Turkey is the country having its land
national park. It has an area of 3350 sq miles. in two continents
• The California University (USA) is the biggest • The world’s longest current reigning monarch is
university of the world. Queen of England.
• King khalid international airport, Riyadh (Saudi • Germany is the highest solar energy user in the
Arabia) is the largest airport in the world. world.
• The port of New York and New Jersey (USA) is the • Inflation means that money falls in value.
largest seaport in the world. • The Cambodian Language is the language with
• Mandarin (Chinese) is the most spoken language of most
the world. It is estimated that a total number of 999 Alphabets. It has a total number of 74 alphabets
million ppl speak it. • The Ostrich of North Africa is the biggest bird. Its
• The noble prize is the largest prize. Each prize height is up to 2.7 meters ( 9 feet ) and weight is up
carries an amount of one million dollars. to 160 kgs. While the humming bird is smallest bird.
• Shah Faisal mosque located in Islamabad (pak) is It is 5.5-20 cm in length and weight about 16 grams.
the largest mosque. Glaciers are found on every continent except Africa.
• Ostrich is the largest bird in the world. The Lambert Glacier enjoys the distinction of being
the largest glacier in the world. It is located in the
• Saudi Arabia is the largest exporter of oil in the
Australia Antarctic Territory. Its length is 440 miles
world.
(700 km) and was discovered in 1956-57.
• The longest river in Asia is Yangtze
The largest museum in the world is the American
• The world’s largest Internet search engine is
Museum of Natural History
Google.
• After United states, the largest number of inventions • The lowest mountain range in the world is the
in the last two decades belongs to Germany Bhieuna Bhaile
• The country known as the Land of Cakes is
• China has the largest population, Russia has largest
Scotland
land area and Vatican city has smallest population
and land area in the world • The place known as the Garden of England is Kent
• The old name of Taiwan was Formosa
• Lord Clive was the first and Lord Mountbatten was
• The largest bay in the world is Hudson Bay, Canada
the last British ruler of India.
• The largest church in the world is Basilica of
• Largest continent of the world is "Asia" and smallest St.Peter, Vatican
is "Australia”. Largest ocean of the world is "pacific City, Rome
ocean” and smallest ocean is "Indian ocean”. The
• The tallest statue in the world is the Motherland,
Sahara is the largest desert of the world.
Volgagrad
Russia

• The world's loneliest island is the Tristan da cunda The world's oldest underground railway is at London
• The country whose National Anthem has only music The last French Monarch was Louis
but no words is Bahrain Napoleon III The first man to reach
• The largest cinema in the world is the Fox theatre, Antarctica was Fabian Gotileb
Detroit,USA Oldest surviving building in world is pyramids of
• The country where there are no Cinema theatres is Egypt.
Saudi arabia K-2 is also known as Godwin Austin, first climbed by
• The world's tallest office building is the Sears Ardito Desio 1956.
Tower, Chicago Mount Everest is the highest mountain located in
• The country where military service is compulsory for Himalaya (Nepal).
women is Israel • Tensing and Hillary were the first human beings to
• The country which has more than 10,000 golf set foot on the top of Mt. Everest. Tensing belonged
courses is USA to India and Hillary is a native of New Zealand.
• The country which built the first powerful long range • K2 is the second highest peak located in Korokoram
rockets is (Pakistan).
Germany • Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest.
• The largest temple in the world is Angkorwat in • Mozambique has the lowest GNP.
Kampuchea • The biggest airport in the world is King Khalid
• The largest dome in the world is Louisiana situated in Saudi Arabia.
Superdome,New • Nauru is the smallest republic of the world.
Orleans,USA • Capital with highest elevation La Paz.
• The largest strait in the world is Tartar Strait • Largest Dam, Grand Coulee Dam is in USA.
• The largest city of Africa is Cairo • World’s biggest museum is British Museum.
• The founder of KODAK Company was Eastman • Volta Lake (Ghana) is the largest artificial lake of the
• The Cape of Good Hope is located in South Africa world.
• The last letter of the Greek alphabet is Omega • Largest zoo is in South Africa.
• The place known as the land of Lincoln is Illinois • Largest Hydroelectric power station is in Brazil.
• The Pentagonian desert is located in Argentina • Largest palace is in Brunei.
• The person known as the father of aeronautics is Sir • Longest railway tunnel is Seikan Railway Tunnel, in
George Japan.
Cayley • The largest railway tunnel in the world is the
• The most densely populated Island in the world is Oshimzu Tunnel,
Honshu Japan (Check it)
• The two nations Haiti and the Dominion Republic • Longest underground railway Tunnel is in Moscow.
together form the Island of Hisponiola • Grand Central Terminal of New York is the largest
• The largest auto producer in the USA is General railway station of the world.
Motors • Biggest Library is Congress Library in USA.
• The first actor to win an Oscar was Emil Jannings • Largest Stadium is in Czech Republic.
• The first animated colour cartoon of full feature • Country with largest coastline is Canada.
length was • Country with largest budget is USA.
Snow White and Seven Dwarfs • The highest birth rate is of Malawi.
• The first demonstration of a motion picture was held • Peru with lowest birth rate.
at Paris • Country with most billionaires is USA.
• The first country to issue stamps was Britain • Walt Disney is the man with highest number of
• The world's largest car manufacturing company is Oscars.
General Motors, USA • The world’s longest platform is known as the Loop,
The world's biggest manufacturer of bicycles is Hero which is located in USA.
cycles, • Monaco has the shortest coastline.
Ludhiana • The biggest Square the Tiananmen Square is in
China.

• Largest Tomb the mount li tomb is in China. • First Muslim dynasty in India is slave dynasty.
• The longest cricket match between England and • Highest birth rate is of Malawi (Africa).
South Africa in 1939 abandoned after 10 days. • Lowest birth rate is of Peru.
• Largest number of school is in China. • Highest death rate is of Peru.
• Largest fort, Fort George situated in UK. • Lowest death rate is of Kuwait.
• The largest church of the world is in Rome (Italy). • A richest woman is Queen Elizabeth.
• Largest exhibition centre is in Germany. • The largest of oil consumer is USA.
• Lake Victoria is the largest lake of Africa. • The largest oil field is Ghawar Oil field (Saudi
• The film Ben Hur won the most (11) Oscur Awards Arabia).
in 1959. • Tallest tower is CN Tower Toronto (Canada).
• World’s largest mosque is shah faisal mosque. • Busiest airport is O’Hare International Airport (USA).
• Largest capital is Ottawa. • Oldest capital city is Damascus (Syria).
• Tibetan Plateau has highest elevation. • Largest constellation is Hydra.
• Smallest continent is Australia. • Fastest bird is Pregrine Falcon.
• Least populated Muslim country is Maldives. • Largest metropolitan is Mexico City.
• City with largest elevation is Lhasa. • Biggest park is the wood Buffalo national park.
• Largest Bay is Bay of Bengal. • Densest population is of Bangladesh.
• Largest delta is in Bengal created by the river • Longest canal is Volga Batlic canal.
Bharamputra and the Ganges. • Longest day 21 June and shortest day December
• Largest gulf is the Gulf of Mexico. 21.
Largest water reservoir is Own falls (Uganda). • Largest diamond is Cullinan.
Largest dam by volume is Kiev dam (Ukrain). • Longest big ship canal is Suez Canal.
Biggest dam is Pati dam (Argentina). • The smallest ocean is Arctic Ocean.
Hottest place is Aziziyah, Libya. • Reticulated python is the longest snake in the world.
Coldest place is Plateau station (Antartica). • Urengoi (Russia) is the largest natural gas reserved.
Driest place is Atacama Desert in Chile. • The Bamboo has the fastest growth rate. It grows up
• Biggest national park is yellow stone national park. to 3 feet in 24 hours.
• Biggest university is California university (USA). • Trans-Siberian railway line is the longest in the
• Largest battle ship is USS Missouri. world. Roxy is the biggest cinema house of the e
• Largest seaport is port of Net York and New Jersey world. It is located in New Your (United State).
(USA). • The largest telescope of the world called Keck-I, is
• Most spoken language is Mandarin Chinese. located in Hawaii (USA).
• Largest mosque is Shah Faisal Mosque at • Jean Bernard is the deepest cave in France.
Islamabad. • The fastest flying bird in the world is Falcon.
• Largest church is Chatholic Basilica (Vetican Largest peninsula is Arabian Peninsula.
Rome). Mariana Trench is the deepest part of Pacific.
• Largest university is university of New York USA. The longest railway station is located in Japan.
• Oldest civilization is Sumerian civilization Polus Nedostupnostir is the coldest place on earth.
(Mesopotamia). Tallest Lighthouse “Steel Marine Tower” is in Japan.
• Oldest town is Jericho (Jordan). The biggest delta in the world is the
• Largest land mammal is African Elephant. Sunderbans The city which is the biggest
• Longest strait is the Strait of Malacca. centre for manufacture of automobiles in the
• Tallest animal is Giraffe. world is Detroit, USA
• Largest bird is ostrich. • The river which carries maximum quantity of water
• Smallest bird is humming bird. into the sea is the Mississippi
• Largest bank of the world is Dutch Bank of • Volentina Treshkova (USSR) was the first woman
Germany. astronaut who orbited the earth in the year 1983.
• The country with most refugees is Iran.
• Country with most islands is Indonesia.
• The American astronaut Neil Armstrong was the first • Where is the world’s tallest Pagoda located? China
man to steps on the surface of moon on 21 July Which of the following is the largest Gulf in the
1969. world? Gulf of
• Largest producer of silver is Mexico. Mexico
• The largest producer of carpet is Iran. In 1901 who first transmitted radio signals across
• The largest producer of cheese is USA. Atlantic:
• The largest producer of cotton is USA. Marconi
• The largest producer of Jute is Bangladesh. Which country has the smallest birth rate: Vatican
• The largest producer of Rice is China. City Which country was the first to introduce old
• The largest producer of Silk is China. age pensions: Germany
• The largest producer of Steel is USA. • Who piloted the first flight across the English
• The largest producer of Sugar is India. The largest channel: Louis
producer of Tea is India. Bleriot
• The largest producer of Wheat is USA. • What was the first James Bond film: Dr No
• The largest producer of Wool is Australia. • Which country set up the world’s first chemistry lab
• The largest producer of gold is South Africa. in 1650:
• The largest producer of oil is Saudi Arabia. The Netherlands
largest producer of coffee The largest producer of • Which country was the first to abolish capitol
tin is Malaysia. punishment 1826-
• The world’s leading banking center is Zurich. Russia Czar Nicholas -Siberia instead
• Most Spoken Language is Chinese. • What country is nearest to the North Pole:
• World’s largest fish catching country is China. Greenland
• Muhammad Fathullah Khan Kandahari's translation: • Who were the first people to measure the year-
Printed in 1861, Bhopal, India, It is the first known Babylonians
translation of the holy Qur'an in Pashto • Who was Canada's first prime minister-Sir John
• The first translation of the Quran into a Western MacDonald
language was made into Latin. It was carried out by • What is the worlds oldest monotheistic religion:
Robertus Rotenesis and Hermannus Dalmata in Judaism
1143 South China Sea is the largest sea. • In what city is the worlds largest carpet
manufacturer-Kashmir
• What country is the world leader in Cobalt Mining-
Zaire • What is the worlds largest herb-Banana
• What country produces the most tobacco in the
• What animal has the best hearing-Bats
world-China
• What country had the first banknotes-Sweden China
paper not banknotes • What country has the most elephants-Tanzania
• Who was the first woman to receive The Order of
• Where was the worlds first supermarket built
Merit 1907-
(country)-France
Florence Nightingale
• Which country grows the most sugar-Brazil
• What country has the most Post Offices -India
• Name the largest Mediterranean island-Sicily
• Where was the first Miss World contest held in
• Who was the first British monarch to visit America
1951-London
George VI in 1939
• What country has the worlds largest merchant navy-
• What country consumes the most meat per capita Liberia
124 lb- • What country consumes the most tea per capita-
Argentina Ireland
• What is the worlds largest food company- Nestle • What country has the worlds oldest National
• Which of the following is the world’s largest city in Anthem-
area? Mount Isa (Australia) /New York (chk) Netherlands
• Which of the following countries has the largest area • What city has the worlds biggest taxi fleet-Mexico -
of forest? over 60000
Russia • What animal is mentioned most in the Bible-Sheep

• What is officially the poorest US state-Mississippi
• DELAG was the worlds first what Oct 16 1909-
Airline - by Zeppelin
• Where was the first police force established in 1667-
Paris
• What is the world tallest horse Shire Horse
• What bird lays the largest clutch of eggs
The Grey Partridge – up to 16
• The King Cobra is the only snake that does what-
Builds a Nest
• Worlds oldest existing treaty of 1373 between
England and who
Portugal
• What is considered to be the worlds fastest team
game
Ice Hockey
• What is the worlds largest airline- Aeroflot Which
city had the world first public bus service- Paris
Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean.
• The longest highway in the world is the Trans-
Canada
• The largest bell in the world is the Tsar Kolkol at
Kremlin,
Moscow
• The biggest stadium in the world is the Strahov
Stadium, Prague
• The country which has the greatest population
density is
Monaco
The first President of Egypt was Mohammed Nequib
• The first man to reach North Pole was Rear Peary
The first Prime minister of Bangladesh was Mujibur
Rehman

The primary producer of newsprint in the world is • China had the maximum number (861878) of
Canada primary schools.
The first explorer to reach the South Pole was India was at the top with 241,129 secondary schools
Cap.Ronald in 1994.
Amundson • USA is the country with 109 nuclear reactors,
The airplane was used in war for the first time by followed by france
Italians (14 56, japan 51
Oct.1911) • Which country grows the most fruit: China
United State has most TV stations in the world. • Elgin Street is located in Scotland. It is the world’s
• China has most land frontiers with neighboring shortest street.
countries. • Young Street is located in Toronto (Canada). It is
• Tokyo is the largest metropolitan city. the longest street in the world.
• The first man to circumnavigate the world was • Vicolo della virilita of Italy is the world’s narrowest
Magellan. The world’s poorest country with a street.
lowest per capita income is Rwanda. • Canal Street is the widest street in USA.
• Saudi Arabia is no.1 oil producing country in the • Fastest animal is cheetah.
world Hingol is the largest river in the world. • Slowest animal is Snail 2 to 3 feet per minute.
• After USA, France is the biggest arms seller in the • Biggest bell is Great bell at Moscow.
world. • Fastest bird is Indian swift.
• The maximum presentation in the European • Largest bird is Ostrich.
parliament is held by Germany. • Smallest bird is Helena’s humming bird.
• First test tube baby Louise Brown (England) was • Bird that never makes its nest is Cuckoo.
born in 1978. Oldest athlete to win Olympic title in Wingless bird is Kiwi.
1920 belongs to USA. Youngest Olympic Longest canal is the Volga-Baltic.
champion, Barbara pearl Jones belonged to USA. Highest capital is La Paz (Bolivia).
• USA is the largest nuclear electric power producing Deepest cave is Reseau Jean Bernard (France).
country in the world. It produces 98,784 MW Biggest cinema house is Roxy (New York).
electricity, which is about 30% of the total nuclear Largest Church is Episcopalian Diocese (New York).
electricity generated in the world. • Biggest city (by population) is Tokyo.
• Kilauea situated in Hawaii (US) is the most active • City largest by area is Kiruna (Sweden).
volcano of the world • Largest continent is Asia.
• Robert E. Perry (1856-1920) an American explorer • Smallest continent is Australia.
reached North Pole on 6th April, 1909 for the first • Largest coral formation is The Great Barrier Reef
time in human history. (Australia).
• Longest corridor is Rameshwaram temple corridor.
• In what country was the worlds first wildlife
• Highest country is China (Tibet region).
sanctuary set up-Sri
• Largest country by population is China.
Lanka 3rd cent BC
• Largest country by area is Russia.
• Longest land frontier is of China.
• Smallest country by area is Vatican City State.
• Highest % of land under cultivation is in India.
• Highest dam is Rogunsky.
• World’s oldest university al-Azhar is in Egypt.
• Largest concrete dam is The Grand Coulee, USA.
• Smallest continent is Australia.
• Longest Day in Northern Hemisphere is 21 st June.
• Yum located in Arizona (USA) is the sunniest place
• Shortest Day in Northern Hemisphere is 22 nd Dec:
of the world.
• Largest Delta is Sundarbands (Bangladesh).
It gets sunshine in 91 % possible hours
• Hottest desert is Libyan Sahara.
• The longest continuous war was the thirty-year war • Largest desert is Sahara (Africa) 33, 20,000 sq.
between various European countries from 1618 to miles.
1648. While the shortest continuous war was • Highest desert is Atacama (Chile).
between UK and Zanzibar, which lasted from 90 am
• Largest diamond is Cullinan.
to 9:45 am on 27th august 1896.
• Largest diamond mine is Kimberley (South Africa).
• Largest dome is of Astrodome, Houston (USA). • Largest stadium is Straho Stadium Prague.
• Biggest flower is Rafflesia (Java, Indonesia). • Tallest statue is Statue of Liberty (NY).
• Lightest gas is hydrogen. • Largest suspension bridge is Verazano-Narrows,
• Longest glacier is Lambert (Antarctica). NY.
• Largest gulf is Gulf of Mexico. • Longest swimming course is English Channel, UK.
• Largest gorge is Grand Canyon. Hottest place is • Broadest strait is Mozambique.
Dalol (Ethiopia). • Longest strait is Malacca.
• Largest Island is Greenland. • Biggest Telescope is Astro Physical Observatory.
• Largest underground lake is Drachenhauchloch • Largest temple is Angkor Vat (Cambodia).
cave (Arizona). • Longest non-stop train is Flying Scotman. Highest
• Largest man-made lake is Lake Mead Arizona. town is Wenchuan, Tibet (China).
• Biggest library is Congress Library (USA). • Tallest tower is CNN Tower, Toronto, and USA.
• Longest lifespan of animal is of Giant tortoise. • Longest road tunnel is Seikan (Japan).
• Largest mammal is Blue whale. • Highest volcano is Cotapaxi (Ecuador). Largest
• Highest melting point is of Tungsten, 3410° C. volcano is Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
• Tallest Minaret is Qutub Minar (Delhi) 238 feet. • Philippines has the greatest number of volcanoes in
• Largest mosque is Shah Faisal Mosque, Islamabad. the world.
• Highest mountain peak is Mt. Everest (Himalaya). • Longest wall is Great Wall of China 1550 miles long.
• Tallest mountain range is The Himalaya range with Highest waterfall is Angel (Venezuela) Lowest
96 of world’s 109 tallest peaks. body of water is Dead Sea.
• Longest mountain range is Andes (South America). • Biggest zoo is Etosha National Park, Namibia.
• Biggest museum is British Museum (London). • In 2650 the first Pyramid was built in Egypt.
Largest Commercial Ocean is Atlantic Ocean. • In 776 First Olympic Games were played in Greece.
• Youngest ocean is Atlantic Ocean. • Alexander invaded India in battle of Hydaspes.
• Mediterrian Sea means ‘sea in the middle of land’. • Emperor Theodesius banned the Olympic games.
• Saltiest ocean is Mediterranean Ocean. • Sun and Moon pyramids are in Mexico.
• Ocean shrinking and growing is Atlantic Ocean. • Rock temple was built at Jerusalem.
• Fastest ocean swimmer is Sailfish (68 mph). • The largest tea producing country is India.
• Biggest palace is Vatican. • USA has the largest production of aluminium.
• Biggest park is the Wood Buffalo National Park, • Rainfall related to mountains is Orographic rainfall.
Alberta, Canada. • Lakes give the source of terrestrial moisture.
• Biggest passenger train is Queen Elizabeth (UK). • Bangladesh has a dispute over the construction of a
Largest peninsula is Saudi Arabia. dam on Naaf River with Myanmar.
Coldest place is Verkhoyansk (Russia). • A large coral reef containing islands encompassing
• Driest place is Death Valley (California). a seawater lagoon is named Atoll.
Hottest place is Azizia Libya Africa. • The largest basins in the face of the earth are
Longest railway platform is oceans. Basin is a low land area.
Khargpur, India Highest plateau is • Sri Lanka is not a landlocked country.
Pamir, Tibet. • The thinnest earth layer is Crust.
• Longest poisonous snake is King Cobra. Largest • The name of the second highest African peak is
port is Rotterdam (Netherlands). Mount Kenya. Name of the second largest river of
• Largest railway station is Grand Central Terminal. Africa is The Congo.
• Longest railway line is Trans-Siberian Railway. Sundarbans Forests are world’s largest mangrove
• Rainiest spot is Cherrapunji. forests.
• Largest man-made reservoir is Angara River Russia. • Khunjra Pass connects Pakistan with China.
• Largest river basin is Amazon River. • Water source beneath the earth flowing naturally is
• Longest river dam is Hirakud Dam India. called spring.
• Largest river in volume is Amazon (Brazil). • Canada leads in the world in production of asbestos.
• Longest river is Nile (Egypt). • Bachendri Pal is the first Indian woman to scale
• Largest sea bird is Albatross. Mount Everst.
• Largest space centre is Cape Kennedy (USA).
• Borge Ousland is a Norwegian explorer. He became Magallan Largest number of Palestinian refuges
the first person to walk across the Antarctic is in Jordan.
continent alone and unsupported. • Kazakistan is the largest country in Central Asia.
• Brazil is the largest producer of coffee in the world. • Largest landlocked country in world is Mangolia.
• Chile is the largest copper producing country in the • Biggest oil refinery is at Abadan (Iran).
world. • Detroit (USA) is famous for car manufacturing.
• The country where death rate is lowest in the world • Glasgow is biggest ship building centre.
is Japan. • Havana is famous for cigar manufacturing.
• Largest Ginger producing nation is Indonesia. • Europe’s only Islamic state is Albania.
• Lithuania was the first Soviet Republic of the former • Newzealand is close to Int: Date Line.
Soviet Union, which declared itself independent. In which city there is the largest stock exchange of
• Madagaskar is the largest island in the Indian the world?
Ocean. New York.
• Ferdinand Magellan commanded the first expedition Oldest Search Engine is Yahoo
in 15190 to sail round the world and discovered Bird largest in size... Ostrich
passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic. He proved Oldest parliament in the world--- Althing (Iceland)
that the shape of the earth is round. The last King of Afghanistan... Zahir Shah
• India leads in export of Mica in the world. First person to walk across the Antarctic continent
• Longest Optical Fibre is between Singapore and alone was Borge Ousland.
Marseilles. Aqualine is the world’s longest under-sea tunnel
• Dr. Ian Wilmut is credited with first cloned sheep. (15.1 km long) bridge and tunnel expressway for
• New Zealand was the first country to propose motor vehicles across Tokyo Bay.
Carbon Tax to address global warming. • Arabia is the larges peninsula.
• Suez Canal is the largest ship canal in the world. It • Only Hindu kingdom in World is Nepal.
joins Red Sea with Mediterranean Sea. Ferdinand • Who was the first man to fly across the channel:
de Lesseps conceived the plan of the Suez Canal. Louis Bleriot
• Largest sugar producing country is India second is • What is the largest state in the USA: Alaska
Brazil. Cuba is the highest producer of sugarcane • Which of the following countries of South-West Asia
in the world. leads in the production of oil? Saudi Arabia
• In November 2005, Africa’s first woman head of • Which country grows the most potatoes: Russia
state was elected in Mozambique. Her name is • What language has the most words: English
Luisa Diogo of FELIMO party. • What is the smallest state of Australia-Tasmania
• Amazon is the largest river of the world. • Paris and What other capital had the worlds first
• The North Atlantic Route is the largest and busiest telephone link-
of the ocean trade routes. Brussels
• Most Subways in the country. USA • What is the largest country in Africa -Sudan
• What city has the longest metro system: London • What was the worlds first passenger jet aircraft-
• USA has most roads what country has second most: Comet
India • In what city was the worlds first blood bank opened
• China started Civil Service Examination first of all in 1940-New
6 A.D. York – Richard Charles Drew
• Which of the following is the largest sugar producing • What county first used pepper-China
country in the world? Brazil • What is the oldest known science- Astronomy
• World’s oldest regligionis Hinduism. • What is the last element – Alphabetically-Zirconium
• World’s largest religion is Christianity. • What is the worlds most popular first name-
• World’s second most populous city is Mexico city. Mohammed
First to sail around the world was Ferdinand • What is the fastest swimming ocean fish over 60
mph-Sailfish –

Marlin • Who built the worlds first film studio- Thomas Alva
• People`s Republic of China has the largest army of Edison
the world. • Where is the worlds largest mine-Carletonville South
• The largest tides of the world occur in Bay of fundy Africa
(canada). • What is the biggest tourist attraction in Zambia-
• Sudan is the largest country in Africa. Victoria falls
• Mumbai is the most populous city. • What country consumes the most coffee per capita
• Khan Mehtarzai is the highest railway station in 25 Lb-
Asia. Finland
• Maximum quantities of diamonds are found in Africa. • Oil is the most traded product in the world what is
• The highest rainfall for one month was recorded at the second-
Indian town of Cherapoonje. 366,14 inches rain fell Coffee
there during the month of July 1861. • Which country makes the most films per year- India
• Light is the fastest thing in the universe. It travels at • What's the worlds longest rail journey made no train
a phenomenal speed of 187,000 miles per second. change
• The largest tides of the world occur in Bay of Fundy Moscow Peking
(canada). • What was the first sport to be filmed -Boxing by
• Takla Makan is in China is the driest desert in Asia. Thomas Edison 1894
• Largest earthquake fatalities occurred in Izmir, • Name the first film to have its sequel released in the
Turkey in 1999. same year-
• Breitling orbiter 3 was the first balloon to fly non-stop King Kong - Son of Kong
around the world. • What cities underground has the most stations-New
• King of Malaysia is the only king in the world who is York
elected for 5 years term. • First man to set foot on all five continents- Captain
• Largest oil company belong to USA is The Ecxon Cook
Corporation. The busiest shopping centre of • Who was the pilot in the first fatal air crash-Orville
London is Oxford Street Wright
• The panch Pokhri Lake situated in the Himalaya • Where was the worlds first oil well drilled-
Mountains is the highest lake in the world. Pennsylvania
• Sierra Leone has the lowest GDP per capita of 510 • What country drink the most milk per capita-Iceland
US dollars and Luxembourg has the highest GDP • What country consumes the most fish per capita-
per capita of 36,400 US dollars. Japan
• People`s Republic of China has the largest army of • What was the first country to recognise the US as
the world. independentMorocco
The Royal Majesty ship Queen Elizabeth (UK) is the • On what are the worlds smallest paintings painted-
largest passenger ship in the world. It is 314 metres Pin Heads
long and 36 metres wide. • Who was the first person to wear a wristwatch-
The Cambodian language is a language, which has Queen Elizabeth 1st
a total number of 74 alphabets.
• The Sumerian civilization is considered to be the FATHER’S OF DIFFERENT FIELDS
oldest civilization of the world.
• Jericho, situated in the Jorden valley is the oldest • Father of modern chemistry is Jabir bin Hayyan
town of the world. • Father of botany is Theofrastus
• The maximum ever temperature of 136.4 F was • Father of biology is Aristotle
recorded on september 13,1922 in the city Azizia • James Hutton is called the father of modern
(Libya) and The minimum temperature of -129.6 F geology.
was recorded in the town of Vostok near Antarctica • Thefrastus is called as father of botany.
on 24th august, 1960. • Father of Homeopathy is Heinemann.
• Worldwide most capitol cities begin with which letter- • Founder of physical chemistry Arrhenius.
B • Copernicus is known as the Father of Astronomy.
• Greek writer Herodotus is called father of History.

• Who is known as The father of English poetry - 1340
– 1400
Geoffrey Chaucer
• ‘Aristophanes’ is called father of comedy.
• Charles babbage is called " Father of computer "
• Adam smith is called " Father of economics "

IMPORTANT NEWS AGENCIES
WORLD PARLIAMENTS
• Anatolia is the news agency of Turkey.
Parliament of Afghanistan is Loya Jirga. • News agency AIP belongs to Afghanistan. Interfax
Parliament of Australia is Federal Parliament. is the news agency of Russia.
Parliament of Bangladesh is Jatiya Saugsad. • Al-Hilal was stated in 1912 and closed in 1914;
• Parliament of Canada is Parliament. Abudul Kalam Azad founded it.
• Parliament of China is National people’s congress.
• Russian News agency is Itar-Tass
• Parliament of Denmark is Folketing.
• Parliament of Egypt is People’s Assembly.
• Parliament of France is Parliament.
Words related to Animals
• Parliament of Germany is Baundesrat.
• Parliament of Greece is Parliment. • Aquiline is for eagle.
• Parliament of India is Parliment. • Bovine is for cattle. Canine is for dog.
• Parliament of Iran is Majlis-e-Shoura-e-Islam. • Caprine is for goat.
• Parliament of Iraq is National Assembly. • Corvine is for crow.
• Parliament of Japan is Diet. • Equine is for horse.
• Parliament of Morocco is Majlis al Nuwab. • Feline is for horse.
• Parliament of Oman is Consultative Assembly. • Leonine is for cat.
• Parliament of Qatar is Advisory Council. • Lupine is for wolves.
• Parliament of Russia is Duma. • Ovine is for sheep.
• Parliament of Norway is the Storting. • Pavonine is for peacock.
• Parliament of Sweden is Riksdag. • Psittacine is for parrot.
• Oldest parliament in the world--- Althing (Iceland) • Simian is for apes, monkey.
• Ursine is for bear.
INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES • Vulpine is for fox.
• Aero float is the airline of Russia.

• Al-Italia is the Italian international airlines. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
• Royal Nepal’s Airline is the name of Nepal’s airline.
• Transworld Airway (TWA) belongs to USA. • Ambati Balamyrali is the youngest (17-years old)
• Scandinavian airlines operate in the countries doctor of Indian origin in the world who received his
Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. medical degree from Mount Sinai, New York.
• KLM is the oldest national airline. • Ambedkar, B.R is known as the architect of the
• JAL is an airline of Japan. Indian Constitution.
• BOAC airline is of Great Britain. • Apsra is the first nuclear reactor of India.
• Garada is the airline of Indonesia. • Aquaculture refers to fish-farming or fish culture.
• Qantas is an airline of Australia. Baden Powel was the founder of Boy Scout and
• The famous airport Dum Dum is located in Mombai Civil Guides Movement.
(India). • Baku is famous for the production of petroleum.
• Chaklala airport is situated in Rawalpindi. • Blue revolution relates to fish farming.
• Orly airport is located in Paris. • Borlaug, Norman Ernest was American agricultural
• Santa Cruz airport is in Mumbai. scientist t and winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in
• KLM is an airline of Nether land. 1970. He was one of those who laid the groundwork
• LOT is the national airline of what country-Poland of the Green Revolution.
• TABSO is the national airline of which country- • Buoy stands for a man serving in any hotel for
Bulgaria Lufthansa is an airlines from Germany luggage transportation or as a guide.
Cathy Pacific is an airline of Hong Kong. What is • Chakmas are refugees from Bangladesh settled in
Belgium's national Airline- Sabina Vnukovo airport India.
is in Moscow. • Charar-e-Sharief is the Dargah of Sufi saint Sheikh
• Biman is the airline of Bangladesh. Nooruddin Wali in Kashmir.
• Qantas is an airline of Australia. • Charminar is located in Hyderabad (India).
• Chernobayl is a Russian city having a nuclear power
plant where a tank of readioactive waste exploded in

April 1993. This explosion is known as “Chernobyl • Exit Poll is a term used to denote a post-election
Disaster”. survey of voters regarding the candidate in whose
• Chris Patten was the last British Governor of Hong favour they had exercised their franchise.
Kong. • The reading of a Fahrenheit and a Centigrade
• It is summer season in Australia during Christmas. temperature is the same at -40°.
• Churchill was PM of U.K during WWII. He is known • Gregory Mendel is called the Father of Genetics.
to have said, “ I have nothing to offer except blood, • Fenugreek seeds can benefit a patient of diabetes
sweat and tears.” mellitus by normalizing his blood sugar level.
• CIS are 11 independent states of the former Soviet • Powder-type fire extinguisher is used for petroleum
Union known as Commonwealth of Independent fire.
States. • India occupies first position in the world in the
• Conditioned Reflex is the term mainly discussed in production of tea.
Psychology. • Fleet Street is the centre in London from where the
• Crossbreeding is to be done for achieving quick British newspapers are published.
increase in milk production. • It is the President and not the PM who presides over
Crystal oscillator is in electric watch, the the cabinet meetings in France.
component corresponding to pendulum of a • Sigmund Freud founded the technique of
pendulum clock. The production of cultured pshychoaralysis.
pearls is an important cottage industry of • Garunda is an Airline of Indonesia.
Japan. • Geostationary Orbit is at a height of 36,000 km.
Debenture is a certificate issued by a company • Guemica is a painting by Pablo Picasso.
promising the payment of a specified amount at a
• Ikebana is the Japanese art of flower arrangement.
fixed rate of interest after a specified period.
• Inflation means an increase in the amount of paper
• A deflector is a technique of adjusting for changes in money, which tends to raise general price level of
price level. commodities. It is a comparative figure showing cost
• Moraji Desai, former PM of India was the only Indian of living, production prices, etc as compared with a
leader awarded the highest award of Pakistan for a base year. Debtors are likely to benefit by Inflation.
civilian.
• Zero Rate Inflation obtains necessarily in a year
• Desdemona is a character in the Shakespeare’s where the annual rate of inflation is constant in
play Othello. Dicky Dolma is the youngest woman every week of the year. Inquilab Zindabad slogan
climber of Mt. Everest. was given by Mohammd Iqbal.
• Dr. Watson is a fictional character created by Sir ISBN: International Standard Book Numbering is an
Arthur Conan Doyle. internation system by which a distinct identifying
• Dunkel Draft relates to international trade. number is assigned to each book.
• Dzongkha is the official language of Bhutan. Isochrones are the lines joining the places of equal
• E.T.A is a terrorist organization in Spain. labour and transportation costs.
• Elephant’s tusks are called enlarged cartilaginous • Jain Commission was associated with probing the
bones. conspiracy angle of the Rajiv Gandhi assassination.
• Erasmus was a Dutch writher. His Praise of Folly is • James Bond is a character in the novels written by
still read. Ian Fleming.
• ESCAP is Economic and Social Commission for • Jana-gana-mana is India’s National Anthem.
Asia and Pacific. Its head office is at Bangkok. • Jantar Mantar is an observatory in Delhi constructed
• Esperanto is an artificial international language in 1724 during the days of Maharaja Jai Singh II of
created to act as world language. Amber. Thomas Jefferson authored American
• Euro is the name of New Single European Currency Declaration of Independence.
launched on January 1, 1999. • Steven Spielberg directed Jurassic Park.
• Every Street is paved with Gold was authored by • Kabalega is a National Park of Uganda.
Kim WooChung, founder of Daewoo. • Kalidas was the greatest of the Sanskrit daramatist.
• Exfoliation is a type of weathering common both in He authored Shakukntala, etc.
the cold and in the hot climate regions. • Kalinga Prize is awarded for popularization of
science each year by UNESCO.
• Gary Kasparov is associated with Chess. • A team of men in opposition to take over the
• Dr. V. Kurein is associated with Dairy Farming. different portfolios in case the party is able to wrest
• Bhutan is called the “Land of Thunder Dragon”. power is known as Shadow Cabinet.
• Laos is the only land-locked country in South-East • Shahtoosh is the finest, warmest and lightest wool in
Asia. Last Supper is a famous Renaissance the world produced in Uzbekistan.
painting by Leonardo da Vinci. • If a ship desires to travel the shortest route, it must
• Leningrad is a famous town in Russia situated on follow longitude connecting the two joints b/w which
the bank of river Neva. travel is to be undertaken.
• LIBOR is the basic interest rate on interbank loans • Vatican is the smallest country in the world in terms
in London. of area.
• Lifeline Express is the world’s first hospital on rails • Snake is a limbless reptile.
operated in India. • Sodium Benzoid is used for the preservation of
• G.J. Mendel is known as founder of genetics. grains.
• Meri Ekyaven Kavitayen is collection of poems of • USA is the world’s principal producer of Soyabean.
Atal Behari Vajpayee. • Stromboli is a volcano in Sicily.
• Milk is an example of emulsion. • Tapeworm has no digestive system because it is a
• Missionaries of Charity is the religious order saprophyte.
established by Mother Teresa. • The Road Ahead is written by Bill Gates.
• Torah is the sacred book of the Parsis.
• Montesquieu gave the theory of separation of
• United Kingdom consists of England, Northern
power.
Island, and Scotland & Wales.
• Mother Teresa was born in Albania in 1910.
• My Experiments with Truth is autobiography of • Wheatstone Bridge is used to measure resistances.
Mahtma Gandhi. • Xenophobia is fear of today’s technology.
• New Moore Island is situated in the Bay of Bengal. • Bermuda triangle extends up to South Florida &
• Parliament of Switzerland is known as Federal Puerto Rico.
Assembly. • In Lawrence of Arabia Nobel Laureate Pearl S.Buck
• Pasumpatinath temple is in Nepal. collaborated.
• Pathfinder is robot craft that landed on Mars in • Length of a terrestrial mile is lesser than that of a
1997. nautical mile.
• Photolysis is dissociation of water molecule in the • Bhakta Tukaram was a contemporary of Aurangzeb.
chemical reaction of photosynthesis. • Universal Product Code (UPC) is adopted against
• Pierry Cardin is famous fashion designer. adulteration in eatables.
• Pondicherry is the Union Territory of India, which • Dolby B or Dolby C is printed on tape recorders and
has a legislature. other sound systems refers to Noise reduction
• India has 16% of world’s population. circuit. The new administrative capital proposed
• The first two digits from left of the Pincode indicate for Myanmar is Pyinmana.
Postal Zone. • Bulgaria and Greece are disputing over the
• Eyes of potato are used for vegetative propagation. historical Macedonian territory.
• Prunning is associated with the cultivation of tea. • Historical materialism is a tenet of Marxims-
• The concept of Public Interest Litigation originated in approach to study mankind with respect to society,
UK. economy and history.
• Pulitzer Prizes are awarded to Americans for • Lightning is formed when strong opposite charges in
excellence in journalism. different clouds break down the resistance offered
• Quill feathers are on the wing and tail of birds and by intervening air.
are helpful during their flight. • John Locke published a famous pamphlet known as
J.H. Dunant launched Red Cross Movement. ‘Right of Mass’ and urged the people in England,
Saw-scaled viper is the only snake that builds a America and France to fight for their liberty.
nest. Scenes from a writer’s life are the • Eli Whitney of America invented the cotton gin that
autobiography of Ruskin Bond. separates seeds from cotton three hundred times
The average salinity of seawater is 3.5%. faster that by hand in 1793.
Gram, Pea and Soyabean group of seeds are richer • In terms of the evolution of organism bat is the most
in protein than Rice and Maize. advanced among pigeon, shark & vultures.
• Large aperture telescopes are used for greater • Which city of Afghanistan produces most
resolution. opium? Helmand
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek first time saw bacteria • Transit trade agreement b/w Pak and Afghan?
through a microscope made by him in 1683. 1965
• A seed is a ripened ovule. • Oldest organization among OIC, ECO, SAARC
• Mr. Barack Hussein Obama is America’s 44 th and D8
President. Pea can fix nitrogen from air. OIC
Exbiology is the study of life or its possibility on • Tamils are fighting in which are of Srilanka... Jaffana
other planets. • Naxalite movement is in India
• Kohler and Milstein discovered monoclonal • Teges is the currency of Kazikhstan
antibodies. • Hemmant Thakare was the... Chief of Indian Squad
• Sandy soil is dry in comparison to clay due to during
Capillary action. Mumbai drama
• The framers of the Constitution borrowed the idea of • A person of Singapore gave the Idea of AESM
judicial review from the Constitution of USA. meeting organization.
• Savana grasslands are found in Africa. • World Bank president is Zollick
• The production of cultured pearls is an important • Petticoat government is the government by...
cottage industry of Belgium. Woman
• When two organisms exit in such a way that the • Brain Drain is Migration of skilled labour
other benefits only one, the relationship is called • Russia is worried about the Missile defence system
Parasitism. of US in Poland and czech republic.
• Qutub Minar made by Iltutmish, Gol Gumbaz made • Russia gives oil to Europe through the route of
by Mohammad Adil Shah, Buland Darwaza made by Ukraine
Akbar and Moti Masjid made by Aurangzeb. • Khar is in Bajur
• El Nino is associated with world weather. • The word Philately means.. Stamps collection
• Shahjehan built the Red Fort. • Study of Human races iscalled Ethnology
• 200th anniversary of the scientist in 2009.... Charles • Marco Polo wasTraveler
Darwin • East India Company was established during the
• BIN is the intelligence agency of.... Indonasia period of
• Silicon valley in California is famous because of.. Jehangir
Software • Operation cast lead was the name which killed 1400
Industry
• In 2008 monarchy ended in a country after 240
years... Nepal
• Country celebrating 50th anniversary of communist
revolution...
Cuba
• Pearl Harbor is in the state of USA.... Hawaii
• Blue House is the official residence in .. South
Korea
• Asiana is the airline of ... South Korea
• Order of Honor and Banner is the award of--- USSR
• The term Intifada means... Uprising
• Hamas was founded by.. Sheikh Ahmad Yasin in
1987.
• Luger Bill will provide Pakistan an aid of 1.5 billion
dollars annually
• Likud and Kaldima parties belong to Israel
• Cities of Afghanistan border along with Pakistan
border??? (Check it)

Winner of 8-oscar awards movie in 2008 Slum dog • INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE
Millionaire CHANGE
Madam Tausand museum is in London (IPCC)
1-metric ton is equal to 1000kgs Established in 1988 by the World Meteorological
UN spends $8-billion every year on Organisation
peacekeeping. (WMO) and the United Nations Environment
US under agreement of partnership with Pakistan Programme
will give oopportunity zones Recently Pakistan is (Unep)
aided by 200mw by.. UAE • Petra is a new archaelogical place in the Jordan
• Oldest anthem in the world is.... Netherlands • Madhya Pradesh is the largest state in India (by
• In any Hung Parliament no single party has the area); Uttar
majority Pardesh (by population)
• Timeline of withdrawal of forces from Iraq by • Sigmund Freud, physiologist, medical doctor,
Obama 2011 psychologist and father of psychoanalysis, is
• Country with the largest Kurd population... Iraq generally recognized as one of the most influential
• Country recently elected to IAEA is Afghanistan and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century
• Country with which Pakistan is having most of his and the father of modern psychology.
trade isUSA. • The term digital divide refers to the gap between
• Karachi Nuclear Power plant is with the help of ... people with effective access to digital and
Canada information technology and those with very limited
• A country closed her station for USA... Kyrgyzstan or no.
• World economic crisis was due to... Housing and • Which gas company of Russia supplies gas to
mortgage problem in USA European states? Gazprom
• Human Right Watch dog headquarter is in New • Which famous character is produced by J.K
York Rowling? Harry Potter
• Fleet Street in London is famous for... The Press Which Railway line connects Pakistan and Iran?
• African Union President.... Moammar Gadhafi The QuettaZahedan line connects Pakistan and
• Oil company Aramaco is of.. Saudi Arabia Iran by railway In which state of USA Hollywood
• The country with foreign reserves of above $2 is located? California.
trillion... Japan In which city World Economic forum usually holds
• Khmer Rouge was attacked by.... combodia's its meetings? The World Economic Forum (WEF) is
communist party a Geneva-based nonprofit foundation best known
for its annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland
• The Way Of The World: A Story Of Truth And Hope • What is Ivy League? Ivy League is the name
In An Age generally applied to eight universities (Brown,
Of Extremism by Ron Suskind Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard,
• A book of 2008"A way of hope and extremism Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Yale) that over the
Ayesha Jalal Statement to combat terrorism by years have had common interests in scholarship as
task forces.... Zardari A place between the seven well as in athletics.
wonders. • Which female PM served for the longest period of
• Israel peace process with palestine was stalled.... time in the world? Margret Thature.
size of palestinian state • Which member of Gandhi family died a natural
• Nobel Prize holder UN institutions...UNHCR, UAEA death? None. Smeary (Dajla & Euphrates),
• A persons name was written and was asked about Indian/Mohinjodaro. (Gangies & Sindh) were
the organisation... red cross, flourishing at the banks of the mighty rivers.
Scouts, CNN, etc • Which of the Mughal emperor is burried outside the
• Obama's convoy to Middle East.... John Mitchel present Pak and India territory? Babur at Bagh-e-
• National Income of the country is...all income earn Babur (Kabul) (Afghanistan) & Bahadur Shah Zafar
in year (Yangoon).
• Mr Gore won an Oscar for his climate change film • What is the freezing point of heavy water? Freezing
An point (°C)
Inconvenient Truth 3.82, Boiling point (°C) 101.4

• A pariah state is one whose conduct is considered India launched operation Vidhara on Siachen in
to be out of line with international norms of 1984. Length of line of control is 720 km.
behavior. All parties Huriyat Conference is a party of 23
• What name is given to the place of 9/11? Ground parties.
Zero % of Muslims in Jammu & Kashmir is 95%.
• AKHORI DAM. Location. Across Nandnakas near Afghan ruler at the time of USSR invasion was
Akhori village about 28 KM east of Attock Punjab. BArbark Kermal.
• Gestapo" was the secret police of which country? Taliban regime came into power in 1996.
Germany. • Second largest ethinc group in Afghanistan is Tajik.
• Footballer Zaidane originally belongs to which • Intifada means uprising.
country? Algeria • PLO established in 1964 its HQ is in Rammalah.
• Khalil Jibran belonged to which country? Lebanon • Al-Fateh was established in 1958.
79.What it is called when Stock Exchange is going • PLO was expelled by Jordon.
down? Bearish • Hazbullah means Party of God.
• Akelman desert is in which country? China When • Yasir Arafat passed away in Paris on 11 Nov: 2004.
did Greenwich Meridian Watch start to work? 1884 • Hamas was formed in 1987.
What is Evangelicals? • Egypet is both in Africa & Asia (Northeastern Africa
• Which monarchy has recently allowed females to & Southwestern Asia). Sinai Peninsula is the part of
rule? Egypt that lies in Asia.
• Which was the native town of Babar? Farghana • Only African country that remained independent
• Who is considered as the Leader of modern during colonial rule was Ethiopia.
Chinese economy? • UAE comprises of 7 states.
Deng Xiaoping • Zimbabwe gained independence in 1980.
• When did Crusade begin? 1099 • Protectorate state of world is Bhutan.
• When for the first time 'Doctrine of Necessity" was • Temple of Tooth (Budha’s tooth) is at Kandy.
used in • Napoleon was exiled to St: Helena in Mediterranean
Pakistan? Mulvi Tameez-ud-din case in 1814-15.
• How many zero'z are in 1 trillion? 12 zero • Leif Eriesson reaced North America.
• What Chinese Muslims are called in province of • Columbus discovered South America in 1494.
China Xinjiang Uygur? Muslims named as = Geys' • Sir Hugh Willoighby & Richard Chancellor
Mazars discovered White Sea and ocean route to Russia.
• Wiiliam Janszoon discovered Australia.
• The conquest of China, begun under Genghis, was
completed 65 years later under KUBLAI KHAN. • Abel Taman discovered Newzealand, Tongo & Fiji
in 1642.
• How many members were in the UN when it was
• Confucianism is found in China & Taiwan.
established?
• Jesus Christ was born at Bethalhem, Jerusalem.
51
• Gautam Siddharta Buddha was born in Nepal.
• South Pole is in Antactica.
• Shintoism is in Japan.
• Tallest tree is Redwood.
• Octavian established Roman Empire in 27 B.C.
• East Timore got independence from Indonesia. • Mughals ruled India for 331 years.
Kosovo got indidependence from Yogoslavia. • Opium war waged from 1839-42 b/w China &
• Asia’s population is 58.6% of world population. Britain.
• Asia size is 29.5% of the world. • Boston Tea Party event is related to American
• Average temp: on siachen is -40 degree Celcius. Independence.
• Siachen means place of wild roses. • First WW lasted for 4 years.
• India and Pak: are fighting on Siachen since 1984.

• Germany was defeated by England in a naval fight • The total combined weight of the world’s ant
in 1916 in battle of Jutland. population is heavier than the weight of the human
• Shortes ever war fought that lasted for 6 days Arab- population.
Israel war. • Buckingham Palace in England has over six
• First civil war among Muslims was battle of Jamal. hundred rooms
• In 1845 British defeated Sikhs and captured Lahore • The winter of 1932 was so cold that Niagara Falls
in the battle of Sabraon. froze completely solid
• Where can you find London bridge today: USA • Butterflies taste with their feet
(Arizona) • One of the countries through which equator passes
• Which animal lays eggs: Duck billed platypus is:
• What do deciduous trees do Lose their leaves in Malaysia
winter How many feet in a fathom Six • Clocks, which moves with the velocities comparable
• Christopher Columbus sailed in the Nina - Pinta and with the velocity of light, run: with zero velocity
Santa Humming bird belongs to a category called:
Maria Endotherm PERT is a technique used for which
• Which leader died in St Helena: Napoleon one of the following?
Bonaparte Project Management
• What does ring a ring a roses refer to: The Black • Han myung has become the first woman prime
Death minister of South Korea.
• What would you do with a maris piper: Eat it - it’s a • At which international film festival is the ‘Golden
potato Lion’ awarded to the best film? Venice Film Festival
• What is the currency of Austria: Schilling
• Which of the following planets takes nearly the
• What is the Islamic equal to the red cross: Red
same time for a rotation on its own axis, as does the
Crescent
Earth? Mars
• What are Munroes: Mountains in Scotland
What does an alopecia sufferer lack Hair • Who was the founder of the Asiatic Society? William
Jones
• What is a baby rabbit called Kit or Kitten • Fortis Hospitals chain is an enterprise of Ranbaxy
• Which country had The Dauphin as a ruler France
• The major natural regions of the world are
• What is a Winston Churchill Cigar delineated primarily on the basis of temperature,
• Who or what lives in a formicarium Ants rainfall and cultivated vegetation
• It’s a flock of sheep what's a group of owls called
• The agreement between India and China, by which
Parliament
both accepted Panchsheel as the basis of their
• What animal would you find in a form- Hare
relations, was signed in 1954
• John browe minnoch (1941-83) of USA was the
heaviest man. • Which of the following territories of India was/were
invaded by
He weighted 635 kgs.
China on November 19, 1962? Ladakh and NEFA
• The first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's
gum. • Deflation is contraction in volume of money or credit
that results in a decline of price level
• The Mona Lisa has no eyebrows. It was the fashion
in Renaissance Florence to shave them off. • Which one of the following is not allied to
Geophysical
• The cigarette lighter was invented before the match
Sciences? Palaeontology
• Every drop of seawater contains approximately 1
billion gold atoms • Photophobia is abnormal intolerance of light
• The US national anthem actually has three verses, • The conservation of hawks and owls is important to
but everyone just knows the first one. mankind chiefly because these birds eat many

harmful rodents The plane of the earth’s equator • Who created Tarzan (all names) in 1914: Edgar
were not inclined to the plane of Rice Burroughs
In which city was the famous black hole: Calcutta • Who is the only American president elected
• If you had rubella what would you have caught: unopposed: George
German Washington
Measles • Which countries men use the most deodorant:
La Giaconda is better known as what: Mona Lisa Japan
Eric Arthur Blaire was the real name of which • What was the first credit card: Diners Club
author: George • Which country made the worlds first feature film in
Orwell 1906:
Which country do Sinologists study: China Australia Story of Kelly gang
What is Orchesis - either professional or amateur: • Where is the worlds largest gold depository: Federal
Art of Dancing reserve bank Manhattan
• Whose autobiography was The long walk to • What is 6 inches bigger in Summer: Eiffel tower
Freedom: Nelson • Which 1956 film caused riots in cinemas: Rock
Mandela around the clock
• Clyde Tonbaugh discovered what planet in 1930: • From what language does the word alphabet come:
Pluto Greek alpha beta
• Which chess piece could be a member of the • What was the first film made in cinemascope: The
church: Bishop robe
• Which American state is nicknamed The Diamond • A pearmain is what type of fruit: Apple
State: • What did God create on the fifth day (both): Sea
Delaware creatures and birds
• What martial arts name means gentle way: Judo • What were the first false teeth made from: Ivory
• Kimberlite contains what precious item: Diamonds • Which leader lives in the Potola: Dalai Lama
Which country introduced the worlds first diesel loco • Which country invented the concentration camp:
in 1912: Germany Britain - Boer war
• What animals name translates as water horse: • Scotopic people can do what: See in the dark
Hippopotamus • What is the most critical thing keeping bananas
• Which two metals are alloyed to make pewter: Tin fresh transport:
and Lead Temperature not below 13 C 55F
• What is the longest river in Italy: Po • What city has Kogoshima as its airport: Tokyo
• Oil seed rape belongs to which plant family: • What is a baby whale called: Calf
Mustard Zambia and Zimbabwe used to be • On what is the Mona Lisa painted: Wood
called what: Rhodesia What is the staple food of • Which bird turns it head upside down to eat:
one third of the worlds population: Flamingo
Rice • Who rode a horse called Bucephalus: Alexander the
• What digit does not exist in Roman Numerals: Zero Great
• Who was nicknames The desert Fox (both Names): Who invented popcorn: American Indians
Erwin For what is spirits of salt another name:
Rommel Hydrochloric acid
• Which European country is divided into areas called What flower is the symbol of secrecy: Rose
Cantons: What is the white trail behind a jet plane made from:
Switzerland Ice Crystals

• If you were doing vaccimulgence what doing: • Milton lost which sense: Sight
Milking a cow Who was the Greek goddess of • Eiffel designed the Eiffel tower - what was his first
love: Aphrodite name:
• What is the only creature that can turn its stomach Gustave
inside out: • The Koh-i-Nor is a famous diamond - what does the
Starfish name mean: Mountain of Light
• What is the worlds most popular green vegetable: • What was Britain's first colony (annexed in 1583):
Lettuce Newfoundland
• Which country had the first women MPs 19 in 1907: • A skulk is a group of which animals: Foxes
Finland • Who was the Goddess of the rainbow: Iris
• Which Mediterranean countries orchestra is bigger • Who was the first actor to appear on cover of Time
than its army magazine:
Monaco Charlie Chaplin
• Where can you buy a copy of Penguin News: • In which country did the turnip originate: Greece
Falkland Islands • Which animals can live longest without water: Rats
• Which African country was founded by Americans: • Which fruit contains the most protein: Avocado
Liberia • In sailing ship days who often acted as the ships
• What was Britain called - before it was Britain: doctor: Cook
Albion • A muster is a group of which birds: Peacocks
• What part of a frog do you rub to hypnotise it: Its Which country grew the first Orange: China
belly
• Gossima was the original name of what game:
• What was the first gramophone record made from: Table Tennis
Tinfoil
A kindle is the name for a group of what young
• which famous person invented the cat flap: Isaac
animals: Kittens Minerva is the Goddess of what:
Newton
Wisdom
• What was invented by Dr Albert Southwick in 1881:
Electric chair
• Where would you find line of Mars - Girdle of Venus:
Palm - lines in Palmistry
• What do Ombrophobes fear: Rain
• Who landed on Timor Island after being cast adrift:
Captain
Bligh
• A C-Curity was the original name of what common
object: Zip
Fastener
• What does ludo mean (literally): I Play
• An elephant has 400000 what in its trunk: Muscles
• What colour is cerulean: Deep Blue
• What does Zip stand for in the American Zip Code:
Zone
Improvement Plan
• Percy Shaw invented what in 1934: Cats eyes
• Which acid was first prepared from distilled red
ants: Formic acid

-
One person every 6 seconds dies from what: • What does soviet mean: Workers Council
Contaminated water diseases • In which city is the worlds oldest museum -
The length of what is approximately 1/10th Ashmolian 1679:
circumference of earth: Great wall of China Oxford
USA has most airports which country has second • To what family does the hippopotamus belong: Pig
most: Australia • In which city is the worlds oldest tennis court from
• In 1829 Walter Hunt invented what common item: 1496: Paris
Safety Pin • Who said Politics is the art of the possible 11 Aug
1867: Otto
• Who invented punched cards used in early Von Bismarck
computing 1880s: • In which country did Turkeys originate: USA
Herman Hollerith • What colour is worn for funerals in Egypt: Yellow
• 1500 paces was what Roman measurement: • An Arab horse has less what than other horses:
League Bones - one vertebra less
• Who gave the UN the land in NY to build their HQ: • In what country did red onions originate: Italy
John D Rockerfeller • What job did Ernest Hemmingway do in WW1:
• Which writer coined the word Cyberspace in 1984: Ambulance
William Driver
Gibson –Neuromancer • What was the name of the Roman God of sleep-
• What is the oldest known infectious disease: Somnos
Leprosy • What is the name of the four holy books of the
• What was invented in 1855 45 years later than it Hindus-The Vedas
was needed: • What animal always gives birth to same sex twins-
Can Opener Armadillo
• Trypanophobia is fear of Inoculations – Injections • What colour is named after a battle fought in Italy in
Chogori is better know by what boring name: K2 1859-
• Which country has the worlds biggest (on land) Magenta
National Park: • What does the name Ghengis Khan mean-Very
Canada – Wood Buffalo 17300s ml Mighty Ruler
• What was Edison’s first practical invention: Tick a • What is the most common disease in the world-
Tape for stockmarket Dental Caries Which country was the first to make
seat belts compulsory
• Which company invented the transistor radio in
Czechoslovakia
1952: Sony
• What metal impurity makes rubies red and A young what is called an Eyas-Hawk
emeralds green: In a Gynocracy - who rules- Women
Chromium What type of animal is a markhor-Wild Goat
• What is dittology: Double meaning • What is the last book of the Bible-Revelations
• Which country invented the mariners compass: • What historical event was referred to as Black 47-
China Irish Potato
• How was Alexander the Greats body preserved: In Famine
large jar of honey • Tempera uses water and Egg Yoke paint with.
• What was invented 1903 - patented 1906 G C • Cannon company developed the Laser Printer
Beilder: • The name of which countries capital means good
Photocopier air-Argentina
– Buenos Aires
• What country consumes the most coal each year:
China

• Which dictator preferred 50,000 rifles to 50,000 • Amaxophobia is the fear of what-Riding in a vehicle
votes-Benito Which animal has legs but cant walk-
Mussolini Hummingbird
• What country was once named New France- • In what city 1985 was the worlds first computer
Canada museum opened-Boston
• In which country were modern banknotes first • Skeleton is derived from Greek - what is its literal
used-Sweden translation
• What does the syrinx help a bird to do-Sing Dried Up
• What food item in French literally means twice • Edward Hunter USA Journalist invented what term
cooked-Biscuit Korean warBrainwashing
• The Titanic has a sister ship - name it-The Olympic
• Halcyon is the poetic name for which bird-
• What word in English has the most definitions-Set
Kingfisher
Desire for more cows is the translation what
• Which country invented French fried potatoes-
Sanskrit word-War - same in English
Belgium The word bungalow comes from which
What is the most mentioned name in the Bible-
language-Hindi David - Jesus is second
• What is the Japanese Shinkasen-High speed Train
What is a spermologer interested in-Trivia
• What is a travelator-Horizontal Escalator
What is 2000 in Roman Numerals-MM
• Where was Napoleon born-Ajaccio -Corsican
What is the sacred animal of Thailand-White
capitol
Elephant
• In the wild what animal pollinates banana plants-
We have all heard Hari Krishna - what does
Bats Krishna mean-
• What colour is the Black Box carried in aircraft-
Dark as a cloud
Orange
Feline cats - Bovine Cows - Aquiline what -Eagle
• Allium Sativum is better known as what-Garlic
What animal is the symbol of long life in Korea-
• What was Madam Curie's husbands name-Pierre
Deer
• The USA president lives in the White House - Who
• What animal was the symbol of freedom in ancient
Blue House-
Rome-Cat
President South Korea
• Time Magazine named what as the Man of the
• What does an aronophobe fear -Internet Year 1982-The Computer
• Which world famous landmark is found on Mount
• What animals teeth were used as knife blades by
Lee? The
the Indians-
Hollywood Sign
Beaver
• The name of which Indian city means Village of
• If you were studying Iatrology what would you be
Boiled Beans
studyingScience of Medicine
-Bangalore
• The United Nations in New York were originally
• What county has its map on its flag-Cyprus
where-San Francisco
• Lucknow is a city in India - and what other country-
Canada • In what country is the northernmost point of Africa-
Tunisia
• What invention was nicknamed the Noisy Serpent
in 1902Vacuum Cleaner • In what film - Charlie Chaplain have his first
speaking part 1940-
• What country has a regiment of bicycle mounted
The Great Dictator
soldiers-
Switzerland • What Prophet in the Bible had a talking donkey-
Balaam

-
• What common word comes from the Latin for who • Tigers have stripped fur - what colour is their skin-
are you-Quiz Stripped
• Napoleon had a fear of what - Aelurophobia-Cats • What bird has the most feathers per square inch-
• If you graduate with a degree in music what colour Penguin
tassel wear- A dog is canine - what animal is ovine-Sheep
Pink A cat is feline - what animal is murine-Mouse or
• In the Bible who built the ancient city of Babylon- Rat
Nimrod The Golden Rain is the common name of what
• What was the first day of the year in the Roman tree-Laburnum
calendar-25th What countries nation anthem is Land of Two
March Rivers-Iraq
• What does Karaoke literally mean-Empty Orchestra Queen Alexandria's is the worlds largest what-
• In what country did stamp collecting start -France Butterfly 1 foot wing
• Where do the White and Blue Niles join-Khartoum - • Collective nouns - A train of what -Camels
in Sudan • Who said "The child is the father of the man"-
• What are young bats called-Pups Wordsworth
• What plant has flowers but no leaves-Cactus • Collective nouns - a streak of what-Tigers
• Who was the Roman Goddess of peace-Pax • There are over 130000 species of what on earth-
• What is a baby squirrel called-Kit or Kitten Butterflies
• If you are born in March what is your Flower-Violet • Azote was the original name of what element-
• What is the only word in English that ends in mt- Nitrogen
Dreamt • What animals cannot swim-Gorillas
• What country has a Bible on its flag-Dominican • The UIT govern what sport-International shooting
Republic union
• What is the only number in English that has letters • There are more telephones than people in what
in alpha order-Forty city-
• What is the name for 100th of a second-A Jiffy Washington USA
• 10% (by weight) of the worlds land animals are • If you landed at Arlanda airport where would you
what species- be-Stockholm Sweden
Ants • What country declared itself first atheist state in
• The milk of what creature will not curdle-Camel 1967-Albania – banned religion
• What do cockroaches do every fifteen minutes-Fart • What is the Roman numerals for 3000-MMM
• Noah's Ark had two of everything including what • What are Jean Bernard, Pierre St-Martin and
feature- Berger in France-
Windows Worlds deep caves
• The Invisible Empire is better known as what-Klu • Dallol Ethiopia has what claim to fame-Worlds
Klux Klan hottest
• The word vinegar come from French meaning • Average place 94-Where are Bay of Heats and Bay
what-Sour Wine of Dew
• In Saudi Arabia by law women may not become Sinus Aestuum – Roris-Near side of Moon
what-A Doctor • What is Canada's oldest city founded in 1608-
• Most blue eyed cats are what-Deaf Quebec
• The name of which animal means does not drink- • Narcotics comes from the Greek - what it literally
Koala mean-Electric eels - put on foreheads
• Collective Nouns - a Convocation of what-Eagles • Siddhartha Gautama became better known as
• In proportion which animal has the largest eye-Cat who-Buddha
• Collective Nouns - a Cast of what -Falcons • Where was Ice Cream invented- China
• What European countries flag is square- • What was Socrates wife's name-Xanthippe
Switzerland • What order of insects contains the most species-
• What is an octothrope-The # symbol Beetles

• What is Rice Paper made from-A Tree - The Rice • If you suffered from pyrexia what have you got-
Paper Tree pith Fever
• What is Nelson Mandela's middle name-Rolihlahla • Nine inches in nautical measure is called what- A
Tenzin Gyatso became what in 1937-Dali Lama Span
• In what country was Mother Theresa born- Albania • What country drink the most milk per capita-
• Reykjavik translates into what-Smoky Bay Iceland
• What is Christmas Disease-Mild Haemophilia • Where was volleyball invented-France
• What US state is the magnolia state-Mississippi • What is mosquitoes main food-Nectar from
• 72% of what country is covered by forest- Finland flowers
• On what are the worlds smallest paintings painted- • What killed half the US soldiers in WW1-1918 Flu
Pin Heads Epidemic
• What city used to be known as Bytown-Ottawa • What is the opposite of Plenum-Vacuum
• The Red Rose City has what more common name • Where was the worlds first oil well drilled-
in Jordan- Pennsylvania
Petra • Who was the pilot in the first fatal air crash-Orville
Wright
• Who does a Filicide kill-Son or Daughter
• There is one gallon of water in every cubic mile of
• What was the first country to recognise the US as
what-Fog
independent-
• What capital city translates as Capital City in the
Morocco
native tongue-
• And what country won it- Sweden Seoul - South Korea
• What is the worlds most widely eaten fish- Herring
• What food are astronauts prohibited before a
• What was the name of the first presidential aircraft
mission Beans - Farts damage spacesuits
-Sacred
Cow • What does a myrmecologist study-Ants
What flower is the symbol of culture-The Lotus • Women do it twice as often as men - what -Blink
• First man to set foot on all five continents-
• Phalacrophobia is the fear of what-Going Bald
Captain Cook
In what prison did Nelson Mandela spend 19 of 27
• What gives onions their distinctive smell- Sulphur -
years in jailRobben Island
taken in when growing
What is Virga-Rain the don’t reach ground
A Pullicologist is an expert in what-Fleas • What animals name comes from the Sanskrit to
steal-Mouse –
What colour is caffeine- White powder
Musha
In what country would you buy Kingfisher lager-
India • What is a Winter Banana-A variety of Apple
Name Australia's highest mountain-Mount • Where are the glasshouse mountains-
Kosciusko Queensland Australia
What was Napoleons mothers name-Laticia • Mesopotamia means- Between two Rivers
In what language was The Communist Manifesto • Only three Angels are named in Bible Gabriel
writtenGerman Michael and who-
Lucifer
• Monology is the study of what-Stupidity
• What country is the worlds oldest functioning • What animals name translate from Arabic as He
democracy- who walks fastGiraffe – from Xirapha
Iceland • What is in the Red Data Book- Endangered
• What country consumes the most fish per capita- Species
Japan • Who wrote the book - Call of the Wild-Jack
London

-
• What is the name of the scale measuring depth of • What sea is directly north of Poland- Baltic
coma (GCS)- sea
Glasgow Coma Scale • What is the name of the cranial bone just above
• Which 19th century battle UK / USA fought after your ear
peace signed- Temporal
Battle of New Orleans • Who led the Soviets when they invaded Hungary
• What place is nicknamed "The City of Lilies"- in 1956 Nikita
Florence Khruschcev
• In what literary work would you find the yahoos- • In astronomy what are rapidly rotating neutron
Gulliver's stars called
Travels Pulsars
• What place was nicknamed "The Pearl of the • The word Atom comes from the Greek meaning
Orient"-Manilla - what
Philippines Indestructible
• Operation Dracula in WWII freed what city- • What part of the body is most bitten by insects
Rangoon Burma The Foot 90% of bird species are Monogamous.
• What countries name translates as lion • Countries on 2 continents Russia Turkey (Asia
mountains- Sierra Leone Europe) and
• In WW2 what was the German codename for Egypt - Africa and Asia
invasion of • Male crabs known as Jimmies
Russia-Barberossa • In WW2 the Germans launched operation
• FIDE govern what game -Chess Bernhard – what
The density of what is measured on the Counterfeit British Notes
Rngelmann scale • Kangaroos and Emus can't do what-Walk
Smoke backwards
Who would be scored on the Apgar scale- • What country had three presidents - in the same
Newborn Babies day-Mexico
Geographical dividing line N/S Korea-38th Parallel • There are 300 distinct different types of what food-
First American state to enter the union 7 Dec 1787- Honey
Delaware • What country has three capital cities Admin
Pennsylvania second Legislate JudicialSouth Africa
• Old man in The Old Man and the Sea named • Countries name means Place where one
Santiago struggles with God-
• Unit of sound named after- Alexander Graham Israel
Bell - Decibel • Ecuador was named after who / what-The Equator
• What nationality was first person in space not US • The Davis Strait lies between Canada and where-
or Greenland
RussianCzech – Vladimir Remek Soyuz 28 • Children take SATs what does SAT stand for-
• Inspecting Galvaynes Groove tells you what- Age Standard assessment tasks
of horse – it’s on its teeth • A lion and a sword appear on what countries flag-
• First space probe to land on the moon 13 Sept Sri Lanka
1959 Luna 2 • What animals are likely to die first from global
• What fish has its head at right angles to its body- warming-Polar
Sea Horse Bears
• In what country is the worlds largest pyramid • In the 19th century what was known as
Mexico – inheritance powder-
Quetzalcoatl Arsenic – as poison
• What city was known as Christiana until 1925- • What animal has the most taste buds over 27000-
Oslo – Sweden Catfish

• What is sometimes nicknamed Adams Profession-
Gardener
• What profession makes regular use of vibrators-
Potters - remove air from clay
• What part of the body ages the fastest-The Hands
• What is the word Taxi short for-Taximeter
• In medicine what is nicknamed a blue pipe-A Vein
What sport was called The Royal Sport-Cock
Fighting

What cities underground has the most stations-New • In what sport would you find a Tell Tale-Squash -
York Tin strip ball can't hit
Name the Hong Kong stock exchange-Hang Seng • What is the most redesigned appliance in the
What is a bandy bandy-A Snake world-Telephone
What is the fastest creature raced for sport-Pigeon Handset
The New Testament originally written in what • In Tennis where is the Australian Open played-
language-Greek Flinders Park
What is the only Christian country in Asia-The • What was the first sport to be filmed-Boxing by
Philippines A snake has only one lung. Thomas Edison
• Canaan Banana was the first president of where- 1894
Zimbabwe • What is measured on the Torro scale-Tornados
• What hairs are the last to lose their colour with age- • Satan is Lucifer but what does Lucifer mean-The
Eyelashes Light Bearer
• The Black Death came to England from what port- • What does a Grabatologist collect-Ties
Calais • What country has two AK47 assault rifles on it's
• What is the currency of Egypt-The Pound flag-
• The town of Banana in Queensland is named after Mozambique
what-A huge bullock • The Arabs call it Al-Maghrib what do we call it-
• After English what's the most widely used language morocco
on the netGerman • In what country did tulips originate-Persia
• Two thirds of the worlds geysers are found where- • Where would you find a Dry Bible: Heart chamber
Yellowstone of a
Park Ruminant
• Where were the worlds first paved streets-Rome • Which mammal has the fewest teeth- Armadillo -
170 bc none
• The word Angel derives from the Greek meaning • An IVP is used to detect what medical condition-
what- Kidney
Messenger Stones- Intravenuspylorigram
• Name the first film to have its sequel released in What colour is iridium-Steel Grey
the same year- What's the worlds longest rail journey made no train
King Kong - Son of Kong change
• What's unusual about the moons of Uranus-Named Moscow Peking
Shakespeare characters Who was called The Man of Destiny-Napoleon
• What colour is the number 10 on 10 Downing Bonaparte
street-White What word is derived from the Arabic mawsim
• What Olympic event was dropped in 1920-Tug of meaning season Monsoon
War -1900 to 1920 • Sicily is the traditional source of which element-
• The average child wears out 730 by age ten 730 Sulphur
what-Crayons What nation invented the toilet • Who was the first person to wear a wristwatch-
Queen Elizabeth 1st
seat- Egyptian What is an onychophagist- A nail
biter. • What city is at the mouth of the Menam river-
• Woman's are faster than men's, they usually have Bangkok
more Heartbeats. • Ireland and New Zealand are the only countries
that lack what Native Snakes
• The electric light first available product what's
second-Electric Oven • Who named a city after his horse Bucephalus?
Alexander the
• What's the only city today split in two by a wall-
Great
Nicosia Cyprus
• What is the Latin word for poison-Virus • In Hindu philosophy what does Yoga literally mean-
• In medicine what is an Anomaloscope used for- Union
Test for colour blindness • Who was the founder of Judaism-Abraham

• Which sea is sometimes called the Euxine Sea- • The martial art tai quon do translates literally as
Black Sea what Kick Art
• What is a Fata Morgana- Type of Mirage What is Way
or was the capitol of Hong Kong- Victoria What • Who wrote "To err is human to forgive divine"
creature can live up to one year without eating? Alexander Pope essay on criticism
Bedbug What is the capital of Panama- Panama
• The word Sofa comes from the Arabic meaning Name the Capital of the Ukraine-Kiev
Bench. In Bradshaws you would find information about
• Which plant gets its name from the Persian for what-Railways
turban? Tulip Which countries leader was an extra in Hollywood-
• What celestial body gets its name from the Greek Fidel Castro
long haired BOZ was the penname if which writer-Charles
Comet Dickens
• What are the Roman numerals for 505- DV Which spice comes in hands -Ginger
• In WW1 what were Lucifer's- Matches In the Old Testament what is the first book of
Moses-Genesis - first 5 all Moses books
• In Animal Farm what was the name of the farm-
Manor Farm • What is the literal meaning of the title Viceroy-In
• Where was pizza first invented Milan place of the
• In what country did the Sabines live- Italy King
• Operation Thunderbolt was the nickname given to • What word describes one tenth of a nautical mile-
which raid: Cable
Israeli raid on Entebbe • Men are ten times more likely than women to have
• The cast iron plant is another name for which pot what-Colour
plantn Blindness
Aspidistra • What has 32 panels and 642 stitches-A football
• The word Mongol means what in Mongolian- Brave (soccer)
• In the USA what is Marine One- Presidents • Oil is the most traded product in the world what is
Helicopter the second-
• Name the first teddy bear in space- Mishka 1980 Coffee
Olympic mascot • What animals evidence is admissible in US courts-
• Which acid dissolves glass- Hydrofluoric Acid A
• What is a half of a half of a half of a half- A Bloodhound
Sixteenth • Which country in the world produces the most
• Airman T E Shaw in WW2 was better known as mangos-India
who- T E • 2.47105 acres is equal to what SI unit-Hectare
Laurence of Arabia • The word philosophy comes from Greek literally
• Hydrosis is the medical term for what -Sweating meaning what
• What does per capita literally mean- Per Head Love of wisdom
• What country used the ringgit as currency- • In computing what does EPOS stand for-Electronic
Malaysia Point of
• On a standard rainbow what colour is on the inside Sale
of the curve • Vanilla is part of which plant family-Orchids
Violet • Name woman set up free birth control clinic in
• What animal stands for the longest period- African Holloway in 1920
Elephant over 50 years Marie Stopes
• Who was the father of Alexander the Great- Philip • The Wright brothers made aircraft but what was
II of Macedon their other job:
• Which country makes the most films per year- India Bicycle manufacturers
• In what does a steganographer write messages- • Which city is the capital of Tuscany-Florence
Invisible ink • What is the opposite of nocturnal -Diurnal

-
• What fruit does not ripen after picking-Pineapple • What does the DIN number mean on photographic
• What country consumes the most coffee per capita film-Speed of film
25 Lb- • In the body what do the Islets of Langerhans do-
Finland Secrete Insulin
• In the animal kingdom what creatures are in the • What capitol is on the slopes of the volcano
order— Pichincha-Quito
Chiroptera-Bats Ecuador
• What would you do with a wandering sailor-Plant it • What is embolia-Hesitations in speech
it’s a plant • Vitamin B2 has what other name Riboflavin
• Germans call a WW1 sea fight Battle of Skagerrak • What is the biggest tourist attraction in Zambia-
what in UK Victoria falls
Battle of Jutland • In WW2 what kind of aircraft was a horsa-A glider
• Sand, Soda and what are the main ingredients of • A newborn bactrian camel has how many humps-
glassLimestone None
• What colour are the seats in the House of Lords- • Where is the worlds largest mine-Carletonville
Red - South Africa
Commons green • In the Sikh religion what is kesh-Uncut hair or
beard
• If a doctor gave you an Ishihara test what is he
testing-for Colour blindness • At Waterloo who commanded the Prussian troops:
Marshal
• Only one miracle is mentioned in all four gospels
Blucher
what is it:
Feeding of 5000 • Which bird is the symbol of the Royal Society
Protection Birds Avocet
• What is the official language of Cuba-Spanish
• Which microbe produces alcohol-Yeast - alcohol is
• What new invention was shown to Queen Victoria
yeast piss
14 Jan 1878:The telephone
• In WW2 in what French city did the Germans
• A horses height is measured from the ground to surrender- Reims
what part
• What was Ghandi's profession- Lawyer
Withers - base of neck crest line
• Which is the oldest walled city in the world- Jericho
• Who was the last Emperor of France-Napoleon III • What does Magna Carta literally mean- Great
What country does China have its longest land Charter
border with: • Who built the worlds first film studio- Thomas Alva
Mongolia Edison
• Where are a whales nipples -On its back • The word nylon is made up from what- New York –
• What is measured in units called jnd-Sensitivity London
Just Noticeable difference • What country is coffee originally from- Ethiopia
• A napiform thing is shaped like what-A turnip • What is the currency of Turkey- Lira
What was the first country in 1824 to legalise Trade • What does CMOS stand for in a computer-
Unions Britain Complimentary metalOxide semi-conductor
• What is the worlds longest insect-Borneo stick • Which worlds city is known as The Golden City:
insect The angel shark has what other name-The Prague Czech
monkfish • Which country contains every type of climate in the
Which creatures communicate by touch, smell and world: New
dance-Bees Zealand
• In which country did the study of geometry • In what country was the paperclip invented-Norway
originate -Egypt • Where is the only digital rolex watch in the world:
• What was the capitol of Russia before Moscow- Wimbledon centre court
Saint • Where were the original loopholes- Castle walls –
Petersburg arrow firing slits
• And who designed it-Michelangelo

• What religious leaders name means Sign of God: • The word Utopia from Greek means what-Nowhere
Ayatollah Which vegetable is 91% water - Cabbage
• In which country is the Nokia company based- • Which English word comes from the French for
Finland candle:
• What is unique about the pistol star- Brightest in Chandelier
sky • In which European capitol city is a cannon fired at
• The Afghan Taliban use which colour of flag- White 1.00 pm daily
• What was Queen Victoria's first name- Alexandria Edinburgh
• In Sanskrit it means House of Snow - what does-
• Worldwide most capitol cities begin with which
Himalayas
letter- B
• What was the White House formerly known as -
• What creature is the symbol of medicine- Snake
Executive
• Which vegetable is also a flower- Broccoli
Mansion
• What nationality was Cleopatra- Greek
• Which is the only Middle Eastern county without a • A university has a campus what does it literally
desert? mean: A Field
Lebanon • What does the name Dracula mean in Romanian:
• Who invented the word pandemonium- John Milton Son of the
– capitol of hell Devil
Which companies name translates as abundant • Whose name translates as Emperor of all-Genghis
fields: Toyota What is the hole in a pencil sharpener Khan
called- Chuck
• Which country was the first to issue parking tickets:
What is the meaning of Ghandi- Grocer France
What is the most chemically complex food - over • Name the first war submarine invented by David
300 chemicals Chocolate. Bushnell it sank Turtle
Which building material gets its name from Arabic
• In which city was Galileo born- Pisa
for the brick
• The most common name in the world is
Adobe
Mohammed.
• Russia has one but the US has at least six – what: • Cats have over one hundred vocal sounds, dogs
Places called Moscow only have about ten
• What was Helen Keller's first word- Water • There was once an undersea post office in the
• Which country consumes the most chicken per Bahamas
capita: Saudi • There are more chickens than people in the world
Arabia • The scientist who designed the first internal
• What was the distress call before SOS- CQD - combustion engine used to burn low-grade fuel.
come quick Danger Etienne Lenoir
• What does Honolulu mean in Hawaiian- Sheltered • The scientist who asserted the earth to be a huge
Harbour magnet: Ben
• Which fruit is the symbol of hospitality- Pineapple Franklin
• Which city is built on 118 islands- Venice • The scientist who discovered water. Belinda
• In WW1 what warning device was on the top of Mooney
Eiffel Tower: • The scientist who asserted the earth to be a huge
Parrots magnet:
• What is sometimes referred to as Zulu time- William Gilbert
Greenwich mean time • The splitting of water during _ Oxidative
• Nylon was invented in 1934 what product first used phosphorylation _ has produced all of the oxygen
it: that you breathe. Edible part of tomato is whole
Toothbrush fruit.
• Before 1687 clocks never had what- Minute hands One micron is equal to One-thousandth of a
• What was the most bombed place in WW2- Malta millimeter.
First world war was begun on 1914 A.D. and
Second World War started in 1939 when Germany

-
attacked on Poland, it is also considered as the • The Great Wall of China was completed in 204
greatest war. B.C.it is 1500 miles long. Its average height is 25
Columbus discovered America on 1492 A.D. feet and about 12 feet wide at the top.
• The Royal Majesty ship Queen Elizabeth (UK) is • The city Rome was founded in 753 B.C. by
the largest pessenger ship in the world. It is 314 romolus.
metres long and 36 metres wide. • The Muslim rule of Spain lasted from 711 to 1492
• The Cambodian language is a language, which has A.D.
a total number of 74 alphabets. • The statue of liberty (newyork) was installed in
• The Sumerian civilization is considered to be the 1886.It is 151 feet one inch high from the base to
oldest civilization of the world. torch.
• Jericho, situated in the Jorden valley is the oldest • The world is divided into 24 time zones, each 15`
town of the world. longtitude wide. the longitudinal meridian passing
through greenwich,England is the starting point and
• The maximum ever temperature of 136.4 F was
is called the prime meridian.
recorded on september 13,1922 in the city Azizia
(Libya) and The minimum temperature of -129.6 F • Christopher Columbus discovered Bahamas on 12
was recorded in the town of Vostok near Antarctica Oct 1492 A.D.
on 24th august, 1960.
• The highest rainfall for one month was recorded at
Indian town of Cherapoonje. 366,14 inches rain fell
there during the month of july 1861.
• Sierra Leone has the lowest GDP per capita of 510
US dollars and Luxembourg has the highest GDP
per capita of 36,400 US dollars.
• The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 A.D) was the first
Muslim dynasty.
• Light is the fastest thing in the universe. It travels at
a phenomenal speed of 187,000 miles per second.
• According to the Forbcs magazine, there were 311
individual billionaires in the world.out of these, 108
belonged to USA, 44 belonged to Germany and 34
were Japanese.
• The earth is the densest planet of universe .It has
density of
5.515 time that of water.
• La Paz, capital city of Bolivia (south america), is
situated at an altitude of 3631 metres (12087 feet)
from the sea level.
• The panch Pokhri Lake situated in the Himalaya
Mountains is the highest lake in the world.
• The present palace of sultan of Brunei in the capital
city of Bandar Seri Begawan consisting of 1788
rooms is the largest palace.
• Mahavira (founder of Jainism) and Gautama
Buddha (founder of Buddism) were contemporaries
and flourished in India in the 6th century B.C.
• The three pyramids of eqypt were built from 2700
to 2500 B.C.; these are tombs of Khufu, khafra and
menkaura.

The world famous golden gate bridge is located in • South Africa is the country, which has three
San francisco (usa). capitals.
Russia invaded Afghanistan on Dec 27,1979. • All-india Muslim league was established in 1906
• Hongkong was returned to china on July 1,1997. and Quaid-eazam joined in 1913.
• Eritrea became an independent state on May • The lowest per capita income in the Muslim world
24,1993. is of Somalia.
• A billion contain 1000 million. It has 9 zeroes. • United Nations spends a lion`s share of its budget
Similarly a trillion has 12 zeroes, a quadrillion 15 on Refugees rehabilitations
zeroes, a quintillion 18 zeroes and a decillion 33 • A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
zeroes. is known as “peninsula ".
• One inch is equal to 2.5400 cms and one mile is • The density of population usually measured in
equal to person per sq.
1.6093 kms. km
• About half of the world population speaks indo- • The Eifel tower was built by Alexander Eiffel
european languages. The Indo-European branch • The Red Cross was founded by Jean Henri Durant
to which English belongs is Germanic. • The gateway to the Gulf of Iran is Strait of Hormuz
• The original inhabitants of USA are known as Red • The first Republican President of America was
Indians. Abraham Lincoln
• Out of the 193 sovereign independent nations of • The country famous for Samba dance is Brazil
the world 147 are republics and other 46 are under The name of Alexander's horse was Beucephalus
personal rules (14 kings,1 emperor,3 queens,7 Singapore was founded by Sir Thomas Stamford
hereditary sheikhs,1 grand duke,2 sultans,1 Raffles
constitutional monarch etc). • The famous British one-eyed Admiral was Nelson
• Gwadar became a part of Pakistan on September • The most famous painting of Pablo Picasso was
9,1958. Guermica
• All India mulim league was formulated on • The first woman Prime Minister of Britain was
December 30,1906 and first president was Sir Margaret
Agha Khan. Thatcher
• Afghanistan got independence on 19th Aug 1919. • The sculptor of the statue of Liberty was Federick
• Air conditioner invented by "willis H. carrier"U.S. in Auguste
1902. Bartholdi
• Camera (photographic) has been invented by • John F.Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harry
"Joseph N. Oswald
Niepce"France in 1822. • The first British University to admit women for
• Sunlight is composed of seven colours degree courses was London University
• "Braille system" is used for the education of Blind. • The country known as the Land of Thunderbolts is
• Lousis Braille of France made it possible for the Bhutan
blind to read and write. • The literal meaning of Renaissance is Revival
• Blue color has shortest wavelength • Julius Caesar was killed by Brutus
• Protein is a natural polymer • The title of Desert Fox was given to Field Marshal
• The paper currency first introduce by china Erwin
• Redwood or Giant Sempervirens is the tallest tree Rommel
in the world . • The word `Quiz' was coined by Jim Daly Irishman
It rises up to a height of 111 metres (366 feets). • The original meaning of `Quiz' was Trick
• Pakistan-Afghanistan border ' Durand line ' was • Adolf Hitler was born in Austria
drawn in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand and • In the year 1811,Paraguay became independent
Afghanistan`s ruler Abdur rehman khan. from Spain
• Asian Development Bank was established on 16th • The cross word puzzle was invented by Arthur
Jan 1999. Wynney
• Radcliff was a lawyer by profession. • Napoleon suffered from alurophobia which means
• In 1945, Hiroshima was the first city Atom bomb Fear of cats
dropped. • Slavery in America was abolished by Abraham
• Leo Tolstoy was the political guru of Gandhi. Lincoln

• The famous Island located at the mouth of the • Hanging garden of Babylon is situated in Baghdad
Hudson river is and was planted in 603 B.C; this is included in
Manhattan seven wonder of the world.
• The famous painting `Mona Lisa'is displayed at • Leaning tower of Pisa, it was built in 12 th Century, it
Louvre museum, Paris is located in Italy.
• The earlier name for tomato was Love apple • Aleppo is located in Syria.
• The famous words `Veni Vidi Vici'were said by • The famous Empire State Building in located in
Julius Caesar New York.
• Disneyland is located in California, USA • Bermuda Triangle is in Caribbean region.
• Archimedes was born in Sicily • Bermuda is the colony of UK.
• The famous General Motors company was • Gustav Eiffel, 986 feet high, built Eiffel tower of
founded by William Paris in 1887-89 now used as a winders station.
Durant • Lumbin is the birthplace of Gautam Budh, it is in
• The country that brings out the FIAT is Italy Nepal.
• The White House was painted white to Hide fire • Istana Merdeke is the official residence of
damage President of Indonesia.
• "History is Bunk"was said by Henry Ford • Dehro Dun is located in UP (India), it is famous for
• The term ``astrology' literally means Star Speech its military academy.
• Togo is situated in Africa • Elysee palace is the name of the residence of
• The first ruler who started war games for his France.
soldiers was • Yellow Stone National Park is in USA.
Genghis Khan • Golan Heights are located in Syria.
• The first talkie feature film in USA was The Jazz • The Indonesian island Bali is famous for Temples.
Singer • Great Wall of China can be seen from the moon,
• The name of the large clock on the tower of the the total length of the wall is 1684 miles or 6000
House of kms; it was built in the reign of Shih Huang-ti (246-
Parliament in London is called Big Ben 210) BC.
• Prado museum is located in Madrid • Abu Simbal is the famous temple in Egypt.
• The number of keys in an ordinary piano is Eighty • Adam’s bridge is 17 miles long line of rock and
eight sand bank between India and Sri Lanka.
• `Man is a Tool Making Animal' was said by • Mermaid Statue is in Copenhagen.
Benjamin Franklin The term 'anesthesia'was • Temple mount is located in Jerusalem.
coined by Oliver Wendell Holmes Number of • Buland Darwaza is situated near Agra its height is
schools of thoughts is 52. 176 feet.
• Farat valley is in Iraq. • Buckingham is located in London; it is the
• Notre Dom is located in Paris (France), it is a residence of the king or the Queen of Great Britain.
church. • Olympia is a place with temple of Zeus and Hera.
• Jodrell Bank is located in Great Britain; it is famous • Jordan is an Islamic country, which has boundary
for its Space Observatory. with many countries.
• Micronesia is located in Asia. • Break up of Germany occurred on 1945 and
• Blue Mosque is in Istanbul. merger on Oct 3, 1990.
• Bastille was a jail in Paris; it was destroyed during • Iraq occupied Kuwait on 2nd Aug 1990.
the French Revolution on 14th July 1789. • Indonesia has 3000 islands.
• Camp David is famous for Camp David Accord, • Japan is an archipelago.
which took place between Egypt and Israel. It is • Namibia is administrated by South Africa.
located in USA. • UAE is the federation of 7 Emirates.
Jaffna is the headquarters of LTTE guerillas in Sri • Bosnia Herzegovina became independent on Jan
Lanka. 17, 1996.
Akal Takht is a place of confession of Penance in • USA president tenure is of 4 years.
the Golden Temple complex; it has been the • Kosovo mostly consists of Albanian Muslims.
spiritual and temporal seat of authority of Sikh since • Baltic States is the name given to the European
1906. countries like Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

• Spanish is the official language of Argentina. • The American general who acted as the supreme
• The majority of Japan’s Population is by religion commander of Allied forces in Europe during the
Shinto. Second World War was D.D Eisenhower.
• The term Boxer Rebellion is associated with China. • Ajmeer is fomous for a Sufi saint’s tomb named
• Philippines comprises of 7000 tropical islands. Khawaja Moin ud Din Chisti.
• Aukland and Christ Church are the major cities of • Lloyd George of Great Britain represented in treaty
New Zealand. of Versailles.
• Melbourne is the capital city of Australian city • Germany remained in grip of allied occupation from
Victoria. Berlin was approved as a capital on 20 th 1994 to 1952.
June 1991.
• British rules over India about 90 years.
Manchester is the city of Great Britain famous for
• Shogun period (1603-1867) is related to Japan.
textile industry.
• There are 5 lending religions in the world.
• Toronto is in North America. • Christians faced stiff opposition from Romans.
• Sao Paulo is the largest city of South America. • Worst explosion, Dec 3, 1984 occurred in Bhopal
• Alexandria is the famous city of Egypt; it is also an (India).
important seaport. • 1500- Value colossus was the first programmable
• The criminals of the Second World War were computer of the world. It was put to use in Dec
trailed in the city of Nuremburg. 1943 in UK.
• Kobe is a Japanese city and port heavily • The ancient Chinese were great scientists and
bombarded in World War-I, serious earthquake hit invertors; they invented magnetic compass during
in 1997. Hun dynasty.
• Hague is the city of Holland. • On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Edwin
• Mauna Loa (USA) is the largest active volcano of Aldren landed on the moon.
the world. • In Opium war Britain fought against China.
• Robert Mugabe is the personality of Zimbabwe. • Gulf war Jan 1991 stopped in Feb 28, 1991.
• Newton was of English Origin. Iran-Iraq was started in Sep 1980 and ended in
• George Bush is 44th US president and 15th to be Aug1988.
elected twice. Soviet Union Officially broke up on Dec 26, 1991.
• Greatest number of space walk (10) is held by At the end of Second World War in 1945, Germany
Alexander Serebrov of Russia. was divided among 4 major powers.
• Goethe was German in origin. • Fighting broke out between Greeks and the Turks
• Hazrat Bullay Shah was a famous Sufi poet of in July 1974.
Punjabi language. His tomb is in the city of Kasur. • Akbar the great ruled the India from 1556-1605
• Haroon ur Rashid belonged to Abbasid dynasty. A.D.
• Shakespeare was of Great Britain. • Before Independence East Timor was being ruled
• Firdusi was a Persian poet. by Indonesia. Shah Barendra family was
• President Roosevelt of USA delivered his famous assassinated in Nepal 2 June 2001. Imam
Four Freedoms speech in 1941. Ayatullah Khumani Brought about an Islamic
• 1993, Madam Tansu Cillar became prime minister revolution in Iran by ousting Shah Reza Shah in
of Tukey. the year 1979.
• Luther King is associated with the reformation • The famous British Naval commander, who
movement. defected the French Naval Fleet at Nile in 1788
• Duke of Wellington was of England. and at Trafalgar in 1805 was Horatio Nelson.
• F.D Roosevelt was elected as president for three
• Columbia Space shuttle broke up on re-entry to
times.
Earth on Feb 1, 2003.
• Pablo Picasso was born in Spain and settled in
Paris. • Doer war fought between South Africa and British.
• Slobodan Milosevic belonged to Yugoslavia. • Han Dynasty was in China.
• Michael Keamay of USA graduated at the age of • People’s Republic of chine gained its
independence in 1949 under the leadership of
10 years. The name of American magnate
Mao-Zedong.
Rockefeller is related to Iron Industry.
• In China the Cultural Revolution lasted from 1966-
• Famous Lady Helen Keller belonged to US.
1969.

• Sumerian Civilization was settled in Euphrates and Second World War on 6th June 1944. Normandy is
Tigris regions. located in France.
• Hanover dynasty belonged to Great Britain. • After the First World War the Dawes Plan was
• Great Wall of China was built in 204 BC. launched in year 1924.
Hapsburg dynasty, Weimer republic, Third Reich • Industrial Revolution first started in Britain.
belongs to Germany. • After the First World War (1914-18) the Allies
• USA dropped an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 th signed a treaty of Sevres in 1920 with Turkey.
August 1945. • The Marshal Plan was announced on 5 th June
• Delhi Sultans were of Lodhi Dynasty. 1947 at Harvard.
• Civil War of USA lasted from 1861-1865. • Statue of liberty is 151 feet tall. It is made of
• Hong Kong was returned to china on 1 July 1997. copper, located in the Liberty Island in New York.
• Glorious Revolution in England took place in 1688. France presented it to US. It unveiled in 1886.
A.D. • The original residents of India before the arrival of
• Iraqi general who brought about military revolution the Aryan were Dravidians.
in Iraq by ousting kind Faisal on 14 th July 1958 was • Romulus founded the city of Rome in 753 B.C.
Abdul Karim Qasim. • Buddhism is non-theistic religion.
• A French economist named Francois Quesnay • Majority of the population of Vietnam comprise of
proposed the concept of Laissez-Faire in the 18th Buddhist.
Century. • Naval Missile Brahmos Cruise Missile is an Indian
• The name of Mesopotamia was changes to Iraq in Missile.
the year 1935. • Cambodian language has 74 Alphabets.
• American war of Independence started in 1776 and • China’s population is about 1261 million.
came to an end in 1783. • Hellas is the word appears on the postage stamp
• In 1982 the Falklands war was fought between of Greece.
Britain and Argentina. • A group of Nightingales is called a Watch.
• Young fish is called fingerling.
• Sadam Hussain Became President in 1979.
• Joey is the kid of Kangaroo.
• After breakup Grobachev became president of
• Gam of Whales.
USSR.
• Northern Europe is known with Scandinavian
• Pearl Harbor incident took place on 7 th Dec 1941.
Region and Nordic Region.
• The currency Euro was launched on 1 Jan 1999.
• In April 1986 the place named CHERNOBYL • Countries Area wise-Russia-Canada-China-USA-
gained world fame due to accident in Atomic Brazil. 250 children born every minute.
Reactor. • AAA, Agricultural Adjustment Act is related to
• Alexander died in Babylon in 322 B.C. President Roosevelt.
• Berlin Wall kept East and West Germany divided • Currently out of the worlds population the Muslims
for 28 years. are one fifth.
East German Gov. dismantled it on Nov 18 th 1989. • Virtue party belongs to Turkey.
• Mohen jo Daro was founded by Sir John Marshall, • The Gurkhas are the original inhabitants of Nepal.
also know as mound of dead. The people residing • Federal system has central and provincial
there were traders by profession. There is found of government.
statue of bull, which denotes that people were • The international customary laws, which allow
worshippers of it. states to punish as offender, are known as criminal
Juris Gentium.
• Taj Mahal is locted in Agra, the white marble
mausoleum built by shah Jahan in the memory of • The term “In Camera” is used for the trial of case
his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal in 1529. It was when case is heard without reporting to public.
designed by Shiraz (Iranian Architect) over twenty • Latin term De Jure means by Law.
years. • Winston Churchill used the word Iron Curtain.
Taxilla is the ancient city of the province of Punjab. • Reconciliation means when third party investigates
It is the site of ancient archeological excavation. and suggests a solution to a dispute.
• The place named Normandy became worlds • In literacy term the dramatic work with aims at
famous due to the D.Day landgin during the exciting laughter is called Farce.

• Gallup poll is the method of assessing public
opinion through representative expression of
opinion of cross-reaction of the population of a
country.
• Tax on import and Export is called Tariff.
• Antwerp is called by the name of key to the
common market.
• Stone Age is also known as Paleolithic period.
• Orangutan means man of the woods.
• Sugar Island is the located at the confluence of
Ganga and the Bay of Bengal.
Agraphia means inability to write.

King Faisal is called “The Islamic Coordinator”. • Boxing is called ‘noble art of self defence’.
The creator of “Mona Lisa” belonged to Italy. • 50 nations are there in Africa.
• The Labor party believes in Socialism. • Fort Monroe is located at Suleiman hills.
• The US Senate comprises 100 members. • Derawar fort is located in Cholistan Desert.
• “Warsak Dam” has been built on the River Kabul. • Relli is the name of a game.
5 June is known as World Environment Day. • Al Beruni discovered that light travels faster than
• Earnest Hemingway wrote, “The Sun also rises”. sound. Due to buffer system, human blood has a
• Black Death reaches England in 1348. ph of 7.4.
• Intifada denotes Palestinian uprising. • General secretariat of the European parliament is
• Caucasus is situated between Caspian and Black in Luxemburg.
Sea. • On 2nd August 1990, Iraq occupied Kuwait.
• Kabul in the largest city of Afghanistan. The term ‘intifada’ means uprising.
• Akbar was died at Agra in 1650. • The city of Jerusalem is known as ‘Al Quran’.
• In 1783 Britain acknowledged the independence of • Headquarter of PLO is in Tunisia.
USA. • In East Jerusalem ‘wailing wall’ is a sacred place of
• The term cartel refers to Unity of parties, factions or Jews.
nation in a common cause. • Hindenburg line is a boundary line between Poland
• Term the belief in the “rightness” of rule is and Germany.
legitimacy. • Changa Manga, part of Punjab, is famous for
• Tyranny is the form of government in which one Sheesham Timber forest.
person rules arbitrarily. • The shape of the baseball is
• Barbers invaded North Africa before Arabs. • Karl Marx belonged to Germany.
• Popular name of Canada is Land of Maple. • ‘Bear’ is a symbol of Russia.
• American’s parliament is Congress. • ‘Tripitak’ is the holy book of Buddhists.
• Largest oil company belong to USA is The Ecxon • Duke Wellington won the battle of Waterloo.
Corporation. • King Faisal was shot dead by his nephew in 1975,
• New name of Lyallpur is Faisalabad. in the city of Riyadh.
• Indian city, Ahmedabad, is associated to textile • Nepal is the only Hindu state in the world.
industry. • Indus Valley civilization was destroyed by Aryans.
• ‘National People’s Assembly’ belongs to Algeria. • Samudar Gupta is called ‘Napoleon of India’.
• Aeroflot is Russia’s airline. • The theme of the famous play ‘Caesar and
• Bakhtar is the news agency of Afghanistan. Cleopatra’ by G.B.
• Croix de Guerre is the highest military award of Shah is a History.
France. • Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in America.
• The currency of Syria is pound. • The reign of Razia Sultana lasted for 3 years.
• Som is the currency of Uzbekistan. • ‘Gita or Vedas’ are the holy books of Hindus.
• Machiavelli was born in Florence. • Holy prophet (p.b.u.h.) had been poisoned by a
• Montesquieu wrote ‘the spirit of laws’. Rousseau Jewish hostess at the time of the conquest of
was born in Geneva. Khyber.
• Bentham is the father of utilitarianism. • Khalid bin Waleed had been titled as ‘saif-ullah’.
• Lenin was a Bolshevik leader. • Iraq is called the ‘site of ancient civilization’.
• Hitler’s theory of the state is known as National • Uqba-bin-Nafah is called ‘Muslim Alexander’.
Socialism. • ‘Lords’ is famous a cricket ground in England.
• John Locke advocated basic human rights. • During the civil war the supporter of the parliament
• Montesquieu was a political sociologist. came to be called Roundheads- supporters of
• Mao joined communist party in 1921. OLIVER CROMWELL and the parliamentarians
• Cease-fire between Iran and Iraq took place in against KING CHARLES 1 during the ENGLISH
1988, by the intervention of U.N. CIVIL WAR.
• 8 furlongs make one mile. • The queen can do no wrong means the queen is
• Balloki barrage is located on Ravi. immune from the jurisdiction of law.
• What countries leader does not have an official • The federal government of the USA came into
residence: Cuba Loan to a corporation is ‘debt existence on 30th April 1787.
funding’. • In America the residuary powers are vested in the
• Khadija Mastoor wrote Angan. sates.
• Imam Ghazali is the author of Ihya-ul-Uloom.

• Virginia, one of US states, is called the MOTHER • Buddhism accounts for 100% total population in
OF PRESIDENTS. Bhutan.
• The term of a US senator is 6 years. • Mauritius is the part of the world that is known as
• The anti federalists later on assumed new name ‘star and key of the Indian ocean’.
‘CAVALIERS’. Republican Party was founded by • Tower of silence is Place where dead remains of
Alexander Hamilton. followers of Zoroastrian are placed after funeral
• The American president Mr. Roosevelt was elected rituals.
for four times. • Who was Bismarck: German Politician and
• The American declaration of independence was statesman.
issued in 1783. Waris shah is called the • Shale is not a metamorphic rock.
‘Shakespeare of Punjabi literature’. • Shah Jehan is called the ‘master builder’.
• ‘The pharos of Alexandria ‘, an ancient wonder, • Big Ben is a clock placed on British parliament.
was situated in an Island near Alexandria was a • Pristine is the capital of Kosovo.
lighthouse. • To show the distribution of people of Pakistan we
• The poetry of Jalal-ud-Din was in Persian should use ‘Do method’.
language. • Hieroglyphics is the script of Nile Civilization.
• Aibak died while playing game, POLO. • General Sherman is a living old tree in California
• General Rommel is called ‘desert fox’. State of U.S.
• PM Indira Gandhi was assassinated by Sikhs in • After persistent decay, radium would be finally
1984. changed into Lead.
• Faiz Ahmed Faiz is the only Pakistani poet who got • World's largest delta is in Bangladesh.
‘LENIN PRIZE’. • Grand Canyon National Park in U.S.A. is located in
‘Blue mosque’, also known as the mosque of ‘Sultan the State of Arizona.
Ahmad’, is the only mosque in the world that has six • Marseilles is the seaport of France.
minarets, and it is situated in Istanbul. • Robindranath Tagore was A Bengali novelist.
• Omar bin Abdul Aziz was a caliph of Umayyad Who wrote 'Muslim Sufferings under Congress
dynasty. Rule': Maulvi Fazlul Haq.
• Mizzini was known as the ‘the prophet of Italian • Sindh Sagar is between the rivers of: Indus and
Unification’. Jhelum.
• Baba Farid Gang Shakar was the first Punjabi poet. • Nanga Parbat is commonly known as: Killer
• National game of Switzerland is skiing. mountain.
• . • Who invented CD. (Compact Disc: James T.
• UAE consists of seven independent states. Abu Russell.
Dhabi, Sharjah, Fujaira are three of the seven • Bio-diesel is prepared: From oilcake.
states. • Videotape used in camcorders to record audio and
• Safety stock of the grains hold by the government video signal employee Fine grains of Iron oxide.
is ‘overhead stock’. • The real brother of Hazrat Yousuf A.S was Bin-
• General sales tax, under the constitution 1973 is a Yamin.
Federal subject. • The founder of Falmid dynasty was Al-Mahdi.
• Abdur Rasheed was the first chief Justice was the • Insulin drug was discovered by Paul Langerhans.
first chief justice of Pakistan. • Taliban movement in Afghanistan emerged from
• Zafarullah khan was the first foreign minister of Kandhar.
Pakistan. Largest coal deposits have been discovered in
• House of lord is the final court of appeal in which Taluka of Sindh Province: Diplo.
England. • Kalhora rulers of Sindh were originally Hashmi
• Two terms tenure of US parliament was fixed in Sayeds.
1951. • Nubian Monuments are located in Egypt.
• The federalists later on assumed new name, • Pakistan's largest oil fields are located in District
Republicans. Badin. The first American Astronaut to go into
• The lower house of France consists of National space was Allen Shepherd.
assembly. • Annual Census in Pakistan is carried out every
• ‘Cherie Blaire’ is the 1st day of England. 10th year. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto became first
• All light waves have same frequency.

woman Prime Minister of Pakistan on December 2, • National Institute of Oceanography Karachi was
1988. established in 1983.
• The D-Day operation during IInd World War was • Lord Chesterfield quoted ‘idleness is only the
launched on the coast of Normandy. refuge of weak minds’.
• Speed of sound in air is? 1200 KM/Hour Dr.Abdussalam was awarded Nobel Prize in
• How many planets are is solar system? 8 1979. The largest city of South Africa is
• Which cell does not have a nucleus? RBC Cape Town.
• Abusive Drug Which Cells Of Body Most Effected? Two boundary commissions were appointed to
Brain demarcate the boundaries between two new states,
• Crime rate is? 1,000 persons per year Pakistan and India.
• Who killed Abu-Jahal? Maaz & Mauz • After joining congress, Muslim League joined the
• Pakistan Falls in? Golden Triangle interim government in October 1946.
• Major export of Pakistan is? Cotton • NPT came into force on 1970.
• On US map Alaska State is on? Away from • The Bofors scandal occurred in India.
mainland • Czar is the title used by the ruler of Russia from
• British occupied Punjab?. 1849 1547 to 1721.
• In English Dictionary Which Word Has Largest • Gorgon is a terrible monster of Greek mythology.
Words? S • Flying foxes are tropical foxes that can fly.
• What are Capital goods? Goods used for further • The reduction or elimination of inflation is called
production Winter rains in Pakistan come from creeping inflation.
Mediterrenian Sea. • Canada is a leading producer of wood pulp in the
• Horse is the Chinese name given to the year 2000. world.
• Pollen is produced in a part of the flower called the • London carnival was first started in 1964.
Calyx. • Indira Gandhi was the famous PM who first used
• After drinking contaminated water you would be the popular slogan ‘gharibi hatao’.
most apt to develop symptoms of ‘typhoid fever’. • The successful cloning of a sheep was reported by
• Panini was a great scholar of Sanskrit language. scientist from Roslin Institute Edinburgh (UK) in
• Hundred years war fought between France and 1998.
Britain during 1338-1453. • The new name of Yalamlam is As-Sadiya.
• Wenceslas square is in Prague. • Czar title was used by the rulers of Russia from
• The first Afro-Asian conference held in April 1955. 1547 to 1721.
• Hot money is said for money, which moves from • Gulf Stream is an ocean current named after the
one place to another to seek profit or high rate of Gulf of Mexico.
interest. • Gorgon is a terrible monster of Greek mythology.
• Eritrea gained independence on 24 th May 1993. • A pair of scissors is an example of a lever.
• Under an agreement with Italy, Vatican City came • Pair of doors belongs to the second class of lever.
into being as a sovereign state on 11 th February • During the winter months 90% of fallen leaves are
1929. taken underground by earthworm.
• Charles K Rhodes developed an X-Ray emitting • Dick Turpin was a highwayman.
laser in 1990. • Jamaica was granted full independence on 6 th
• Son meter is an instrument used to study the August 1962. Four US presidents are so far
behavior of vibrating string. assassinated.
• Liver receives blood from the alimentary canal • Sinai Peninsula was vacated and returned to Egypt
through hepatic portal vein. in 1982.
• At the equator, the equation of the day is 12 hours. • Incident ‘Boston Tea Party’ took place in America.
• Singapore city is known as ‘lion city’. • Initially, Arab league has seven countries.
• The instrument used for measuring the velocity of • Nixon Doctrine was outlined in July 1969.
wind is known as anemometer. • King of Malaysia is the only king in the world who is
elected for 5 years term.
• The chemical name of baking soda is sodium
bicarbonate. • Timbola is a kind of lottery.
• Pharaoh is the title of the king of ancient Egypt. • The maximum limit of sound beyond which a
They ruled Egypt for 25 centuries. person can become deaf is 129 lbs.

• Dr. James Watson discovered the structure of DNA • Islam was introduced to China in the middle period
in 1953. of the seventh century.
• Sir William Howard Russell was the first Great War • Drinker’s apparatus is for measuring the amount of
correspondent. Alcohol in the blood.
• A meteorological term for a high pressure is called • Atomic pile is a place where nuclear fission is
anticyclone. made.
• Zenda Vesta is a holy book of Parsis. • Dewar’s flask is called as thermos.
• Islamic summit Minar is erected in Lahore. • Atomic weight of chemical compounds is
• Privatization program began in Pakistan is 1991. determined by Mass spectroscopy.
• National anthem of Pakistan was played for the first • Chief food of mosquito larva is microorganism
time on August 13, 1954. found in water.
• Spirograph is an apparatus used for recording the • Chief food of butterfly larva is leaves of plants.
movement of the lungs. • Corn adds more oxygen to the atmosphere than it
• Chomas festival is held in Kalash valley near removes.
Chitral. • Euspongia is known as natural bath sponge.
• Docking means rendezvous and link up of • Live Fluke, biologically called Fasciola, is found in
spacecraft. liver of sheep.
• Defense day is celebrated in Pakistan since 1966. • Earthworm is a bi-sexual.
• Name of a famous mosque in Beijing is Niujie • Eyes of insects are compound.
Mosque. • Silk is obtained from cocoon of silkworm.
• Flag flown at half-mast means national mourning. • Clinical thermometer usually measures in
• Maginot line divides France from Germany. Fahrenheit.
• Declaration of human rights was adopted on 10 th • Tube light emits radiation even after it is
December 1984. disconnected. It is due to Fluorescence.
Olive branch is a sign of peace. • The conversion of gases into liquid under high
Cox orange pippen is a biological name of an apple. pressure and low temperature is called regulation.
• Christopher Wren designed St. Paul’s cathedral in • If a green leaf is seen in a red light its color will be
London. black.
• Planetary winds consist of doldrums, trace winds • Emerge of VIBGYOR from one side of the prism is
and westerlies. due to refraction and dispersion of light.
• Afghanistan was known as Ariana. • Skin does not excrete oil.
• Anundsen discovered South Pole in December 14, • Plants growing in extremely dry condition are called
1911. Xerophytes.
• The first European scientist, who refuted the belief • Roots absorb water from soil, which is
that the earth was the centre of the universe, was Hygroscopic.
Copernicus. • Legumes increase the fertility of the soil by adding
• The hundred-year war actually lasted for 114 years. nitrogen to the soil.
• Lenin was the founder of the Russian socialist • New varieties of organisms can be brought about
state. by hybridization.
• Prior to independence, Ghana was called ‘Gold Male child is born if xy chromosomes are united.
Coast’.
• Tanzania was formed by the unification of two
countries, Tanganyika and Zanzibar.
• The first atomic power station of Pakistan was
installed in Karachi.
• Starfish is not a starfish but a spiny-skin
(Echinodermata) marine animal.
• 760 miles/hr is the speed of sound.
• 1480, 00,000 km is the distance from sun to earth.
• Temperature of Sun is 6000 degree C.
• Necent state in which atomic state of an element as
a result of chemical reaction in which it a more
active than in ordinary molecular state.

Fertilization is fusion of two game tics of different • The northern polar lights are called Aurorae
strains. Borealis, and southern polar lights are called
• Fruit developed from single ovary is called simple Aurorae Australis.
fruit. • The pulsating universe theory explains the
• Seeds are developed from Ovule. evolution of universe.
• Parthenocarpic fruits are seedless fruits. • Plants in which seed are outside the fruit are called
• Grains swell in water due to imbibitions. Gymnosperms.
• Chlorophyll contains magnesium. • 0.200 grams are equal to one carat.
• Mahalanobis model laid great emphasis on • One million cycles per second is called Megahertz.
development of heavy industries. • Linseed oil is used while oil painting.
• Oxidation is the process in which electron is lost. • Smell is the weakest sense in Birds.
• The rate of transpiration depends upon frequency • Owl can rotate his head to 180 degrees on either
of Stomata. side.
• Light is necessary for photosynthesis because it • Ostrich eat pebbles for helping digestion by
produce ATP and reducing substance. grinding up the ingested food.
• Oxygen liberated from photosynthesis comes from The cuckoo sneaks its eggs into other birds’ nest to
water. hatch.
• Red light is most suitable for photosynthesis. Dyne is a unit of Force.
• Respiration means food oxidation and evolution of • Birds are warm-blooded animals.
energy. Chemical preservation of dead • Birds bones are hollow.
organisms in liquid is called Cryo-Bilogy. • Oven birds build strong nests.
• The organisms, which are the only living • Weaver birds are called to the birds who build their
membrane of their group and link two major nests.
groups, are called Living Fossil. • Male birds are more colorful than females.
• Mammals cannot be cold blooded. • Birds do not fly are penguins, emus, kiwis,
• Trypanosome a parasite causing sleeping ostriches.
sickness. • Breitling orbiter 3 was the first balloon to fly non-
• Half time is a time of radioactive substance taken stop around the world.
by that substance to decompose radioactivity to • Aircraft designers test their model of aircraft in with
half of its weight. tunnel.
• Watson and Crick gave structure of DNA. • Flaps are used as air brakes.
• In Nuclear DNA is concentrated in chromatin. • Amphibians were the first vertebrates.
• Proteins are synthesized by golgi bodies. • There are three stages of frog. Egg-tadpole-adult
• Cellulose respiration is done by Mitochondrion. frog.
• Light energy is stored in the form of chemical • Metamorphosis - > a series of changes.
energy due to the activity of Chloroplast. • Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989) was one of the first to
• Protoplasm is a colloidal solution. study animal behavior.
• Voltammeter is an electrolytic cell for conducting • Survive very cold weather or very dry weather by
electrolytic dissociation of electrolyte. going into a deep sleep. Surviving cold condition
• In cryptograms, the sex organs are primitive and like this is called hibernation. Sleeping through hot,
dry condition is called aestivation.
hidden.
• Thallophytia include algae, fungi, and lichens. • A.D means in the year of our Lord.
• Carl Linneus is famous for binomial system of • Amal is radical Lebanese Shi’ite military force
nomenclature. established in 1970 by Musa Sadr.
• Angiosperm includes the plants, which have • Balfour Declaration was issued in 2 Nov: 1917.
covered flowers and covered seed. • Yugoslavian city Skopije was destroyed by
• Plant cells resembles animal cell because having a earthquake in 1963.
cell membrane made up of protoplasm. • Bootlegging is a form of smuggling.
• Snake have been evolved from lizard. • Religion of Chinese people is Confucianism.
• 510 million square kilometers is the total surface • Frescois a method of painting on plaster (usually a
area of the earth. wall) meaning fresh.
• At 7050 km per hour, Sun rotate on its axis. • Kleptomania is an irrational urge to steal.

• Intifada is Palestinian uprising. • Pyramids of Egypt is the oldest and only survived
• Long March was 9600 km journey organized by wonder.
Mao Tse Tang in the year of 1931-1934. • Guru (teacher) Nanak was the founder of Sikhism.
• Vnukovo Airport is located at Moscow. • Silk was made firstly in China.
• Mercury Project first manned space programme of • Skylab was space laboratory launched in 1973 by
USA, carry the first American into space lauched USA.
on 5th May 1961. • The first tanks were used in 1916 during WW-I by
• Pan-Islam originated in 1880 in Ottomon Empire British.
was a movement for uniting the Islamic Nations. • Harward University is in USA, Cambridge is in UK
• Titanic sank on 14 April 1912 on voyage from
• Chinese invented paper in 3500 BC.
Southampton to New York City in North Atlantic.
• Printing was invented by Chinese.
• Unity, faith & discipline was used by Quaid on Dec: • Tour De France is French cycle race.
28, 1947. • First women in space Valentine Tereshkove went
• Philately is the hobby of stamp collection. Oscar into space in Vostoc 6 on 16 June 1963.
Award was introduced by Louis B Mayer of Metro • Watergate scandal involved President Richard
Goldwin-Mayer Academy Award in 1927. Nixon in 1972.
• First black president of South Africa was Nelson • Parses follow Zoroastrianism.
Mandela his party was banned in 1961 and he was • Seatle is the seaport of USA.
imprisioned. • Dickson is the seaport of Malaysia.
• At Hyde Park London public meetings are
• Feminism is the belief that women subordination to
assembled.
men should end.
• Red Square is in Moscow.
• Nickname of Atomic Bomb dropped on Hiroshima
• Eskimos live in Igloo.
in 1945 was Little Boy and on Nagasaki=Fat Man.
• Blitzkrieg means sudden attack.
• Balfour Declaratoin issued in 2 Nov: 1917. • Dragon is the symbol of China.
Yougoslavian city Skopije was destroyed by • Bear is the symbol of Russia.
earthquake in 1963. • Christopher Coloumbus belonged to Italy.
• Bootleggin is a form of smuggling. • Caspian Sea water is shared by Iran, Russia &
• Riverboat Gondola is used in Italy’s city Venice. Azerbaijan. Magna Carta is known as the Bible
Hydaspes River is now called the Jhelum of English Constitution.
River. Dinosaur means “Terrible” lizard. • Russian equivalent of Pentagon is Kremlin.
The name of heaviest dinosaur was • East Timore, the Colony of Portugal, was captured
Branchiosaurus. by Indonesia in 1975.
• Fresco is a method of painting on plaster it means • Tiwan separated from China in 1949.
fresh. • American Naval Base “Diego Garcia” is in Indian
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights was Ocean.
adopted in 1948. • Ulster Unionists wanted to retain British rule in
• Kleptomania is an irrational urge to steal. Northern Ireland.
• Ikhwan as Safa, a secret Arab organization was • Anti-Semitism means animosity towards Jews.
founded in Basra, Iraq. • Lens at the end of the compound microscope is
• Intifada is Palestinian uprising. called objective.
• Long March, a 9600-km journey in 1934 was • Protoza was first observed in compound
undertook by Chinese Communists under Mao De microscope.
Tong. • Francisco Fernandez introduced Tobacco in
• Vnukovo airport is in Moscow. Europe.
• Pan-Islamism, a movement for uniting the • Todar Mal was revenue minister of Akbar.
Islamic Nations was started in 1880 in Ottoman • Mobile phones started in 1977.
Empire. • Penology is the study, theory and practice of prison
• Paper was invented in 3500 B.C by Chinese. management & criminal rehabilitation.
• Great Pyramid at Giza is the largest Pyramid built • Length of India-China border is 3,380 km.
in Egypt. Cyprus gained independence from Britain in 1960.
• St. Vitus’s Dance is a disease. Cyprus was divided into Turkish Repbublic of
• Resin is sticky liquid that emits from plants. Northern Cyprus and Greek Cyprus in 1974.
• Al-Azhar University I located in Cairo, Egypt.

• Fortress of Grenada, known as Alhamra is in • Dayton Accord was signed to solve the problem of
Spain. Bosnia.
• Capital of ancient Babylonia was Babylon. • MI-5 is the secret agency of UK.
• Hanging gardens were in Babylon. • The Chinese communist party was founded in
• Babylon was on the bank of Euphrates. 1921.
• Alma-Ata (Father of Apples) is the capital of • After 27 years of imprisonment, Mr. Nelson
Kazakhstan. Mandela was released in 1990.
• Turkey and Russia are both in Europe & Asia. • Arab Magrib Union consists of Five States.
• Israel occupied Golan Heights from Syria. • The principal organs of United Nations are six.
• Iran & UAE dispute over Persian Gulf islands, • Scandinavia constitutes 3 states.
Greater & lesser Tunbs. • The league of Arab States was established on
• Sakhalin island is dispute b/w Russia & Japan. 22nd March 1945.
• Ireland is also called Eire. • The Common Wealth of Australia came into
• Largest earthquake fatalities occurred in Izmir, existence in 1901.
Turkey in 1999. • Karl Mark and Engels presented the Communist
• Japan attacked Pearl Harbour located in Hawaii on Manifesto in 1848.
7 Dec: Soviet Union was replaced by Russian federation in
1941. December 1991.
• Pentagon is in Arlington, Virginai state. • Article 55 of the UN Charter promotes
• Pentagon was designed by George Burgstrom. international Human Rights.
• Takla Makan is in China is the driest desert in Asia. • Territorial waters traditionally are recognized to
• Cathy Pacific is an island. extend how far from a state’s coastline? 12 miles.
• Among the Seven Wonders, Church of Saint • A state’s executive economic zone (EEZ) is
Sophia is located in Istanbul. recognized to extend how far from the coastline?
• Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized Suez Canal in 12 miles
1956. • Anti-governmental protests in China by students,
• Qutub Minar is in New Delhi. workers and some government officials took place:
• Shah Jahan built Taj Mehl for Mumtaz Mehal is Tiananmen Square, in
located in Agra. 1989
• Capital of Tebet is Lhasa. • Amnesty International was established in London
• West Bank is located b/w Isreal & Jordan. by the British Lawyer, Peter Benenson in 1961
• West Bank was occupied in 1967.
• The International court of justice was constituted
• White House is in Washington DC. on 26th June
• Frigid Zone is the area withing the polar circle area 1945
around the South Pole.
• The Charter of United Nations consists of 111
• Guantanamo Bay is in Cuba. articles.
• Tartus is the seaport of Syria. • The British Secretary of Foreign Affairs A. Balfour
• Statue of Liberty was gifted to US by France in announced
1884 Voctoria falls are on the border b/w British support to establish Jewish state in Palestine
Zimbabwe & South Africa. in November 2, 1917.
• House of U.S Congress in Washington D.C is on • LAIA stands for Latin American Integration
Capitol Hill. Saddam Hussain executed on 30 Association.
Dec: 2006. • Arab League was established on 22nd March
• The idea of SAARC originated in the mind of Zia Ur 1945.
Rehman. • World population was one billion in 1803.
• Iraq occupied Kuwait in August 1990. • ECOSOC has been established under chapter 10
• ‘Rise and Fall of Great Powers’ is the work of Paul of the UN charter
Kennedy. • United Arab Emirates is a federation of 7 Emirates.
• Pakistan left Commonwealth in 1972 and rejoined • Switzerland joined the UN during 2002.
in 1989. Mustafa Kamal Pasha gave 6 Principles • African Development Bank was established in
of Kemalism. 1964. The author of famous book, “Nuclear
Weapons and Foreign Policy” is Henry Kissinger.

• North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950. • First Asia games were played at New Delhi in 1951.
• Mani was the Judge of world court. • 15th Asian Games will be held in Qatar in 2006.
• Who wrote “Supreme Court and Human Rights”? • Current World cup holder of hockey is Netherlands.
Tamizuddin • FIFA established in Paris on May 21, 1904.
• The Batista regime in Cuba was overthrown by • Grand slam is the title associated with Pete
Fidel Castro in January 1959. Sampras.
• Who wrote “Voyage Through History”? Musarrt • Michael Chang (USA) is the youngest to win the
Hussain Zuberi Who is the author of “Preparing grand slam.
for the Twenty First Century”? • Shahid Afridi has made century on 37 balls.
Paul Kennedy • The title “Oval Hero” is with Fazal Muhammad.
• Rasko mountain is situated in Baluchistan • The sports man Kasparvo is associated with Chess.
• Who was the first Asian Secretary General of the • Modern summer Olympic were held in Greece in
United 1896.
Nations? U. Thant • Olympic held every 4 years.
• Hockey became Olympic event in 1908. Pakistan
• Afghan Mujahideen took power in Kabul on
took part in 1948 in London.
April 20,1991
• Singapore became independent in 1965 • 1st world cup hockey 1971 at Barcelona (Spain).
• International headquarter of Transparency • Hockey world cup held every 4 year.
International (TI} is located in Berlin, Germany. The • First world cup cricket 1975, won by West Indies.
founder of the organisation is Peter Eigen • India won world cup cricket in 1983 by beating West
Indies.
• The permanent Secretariat of SAARC is
• 10 countries have test status.
established at: Khatmandu
• First test mach was played in 1877 between
• How many official working languages are
Australia and England.
recognized by UNO: 6
• First One day match between Australia and
• Who were the three statesmen who formulated England in Jan 5, 1971.
Non-Aligned
• First word cup football 1930, Uruguay, and won by
Movement (NAM): Nehru, Nasser, Tito
Uruguay.
• Where is the headquarter of the Amnesty • 1942 world cup football cup did not hold due to
International located:
WW2.
London • Nigeria is current Olympic footfall champion.
• The ‘Aid to Pakistan Consortium’ meets every year • Geoff hunt is associated with Squash.
in: Paris • South Africa was expelled from ICC in 1970
• One US barrel is equal to: 159 litres because of its apartheid policies.
• The first Muslim Nobel Laureate was: Anwar
• Current heavy weight championship is with L.
Sadaat of Egypt.
Lewis.
• In cricket batsman can be out by 10 ways.
SPORTS
• Peter Marshal is associated with Squash.
• Pakistan had won 4 title of world cup hockey so far.
• What has 32 panels and 642 stitches-A football • First three work cup crickets were played with 60
(soccer) First British open squash championship over.
played in 1922. • Rocky Morciono only heavy weight boxer remained
• First world squash championship 1976. unbeaten throughout his career.
• Jhangir khan has won world open 6 times. • Lowest test match inning is 26 by New Zealand.
• Wimbledon open tennis was instituted in 1877. • Highest no of one-days are played at Sharjah
• A winner of four competitions (Wimbledon, French Cricket Ground.
open, us open, and Australia open) is called Grand • The champion trophy hockey tournament was
Slam. introduced by Pakistan in year 1978.
• Most Wimbledon single (Men) title are won by • Thomas cup badminton is for men only.
Roger Federrer • Uber cup is for badminton.
• Most Wimbledon single (woman) title won by Each team in volleyball consists of 6 players.
Martina Navratilova (USA). Antoly Karpov, the world chess player belongs to
• Common Wealth game are held every 4 years, they Russia.
were started in 1931.

Modern Olympic games were first held in Athens. • With which sport is the term ‘butterfly’ associated?
• ICC has 10 members and it was founded in 1965. Swimming
• Lowest total in cricket is 36 by Canada. • Next Football world Cup in 2010 is in South Africa
• Tennis player steffi graf belongs to Germany. • How many rings on the Olympic flag: Five
• Natwest trophy is for cricket. • Who ran the first marathon: Phidipedes
• The Swythiling cup is related to Table Tennis. • What colour is the cap given to an England cricket
• Morocco cup is for cricket. player-Blue
• First modern Olympic games were held in 1896 in • What held up a Cricket test Match between England
Athens. Pakistan-
• First women competed in Olympic games in 1912. Mouse on pitch
• France and which country contested first ever world • What is the first race in the Grand Prix season-
cup match Brazilian
Mexico • By Olympic rules what must have 14 feathers-
• The number of countries which participated in the Badminton Bird How is the Olympic torch lit- By
first Olympic the sun in Greece Martina Navratilova belongs to
Games held at Athens was Nine Czech Republic.
• Who owns The Oval cricket ground- Prince Charles • Tour De France is French cycle race.
• Who among the following batsmen achieved the • National game of Switzerland is skiing.
feat of hitting six 6s in one over for the first time in • What has 32 panels and 642 stitches-A football
international cricket during (soccer)
the World Cup 2007 Herschelle Gibbs In Tennis where is the Australian Open played-
• Where were the first winter Olympics held in 1924 - Flinders Park
Charmonix • What Olympic event was dropped in 1920-Tug of
France War -1900 to
• FINA is the governing body of what amateur sport- 1920
Swimming • FIDE govern what game -Chess
• FITA are the governing body of what sport-Archery ABBREVIATIONS (Previous Papers)
A Lady Paramount judges at what sport- Archery
First cricket cup was played in England in 1974. • VDU video display unit
• First Asian Games were held in New Delhi in 1951. • CRT cathode ray tube
From 1954 they were held every four years. • CRO Cathode Ray Oscillator
• Baron Pierre de Coubertin was founder of the • SARS Severe Accute respitoratry syndrome
modern Olympic Bunting is a term in the game of • BOT Built operate transfer
Baseball. • AMU Atomic mass unit
• Grand Master is a term in Chess. • EMF Electromotive Force or Electromagnetic Field
• Grand Slam is a term in sports associated with (Most apt is
Bridge as well as Lawn Tennis. Electromotive Force)
• Martina Hinges is the youngest woman tennis player • ADH Anti diuretic harmome
to win three major singles titles in one season. • STP Standard Temperature and Pressure
• Iron- a sports term is associated with Golf. • NPT Network time protocol
• McDowell Cup is associated with football. • CRT Cathode ray tube
• Olympic Games were held twice in Paris and • SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
London. • BOT Built Operate transfer
• Paralympics are the games for disabled. • AMU Atomic Mass Unit
• Uber cup is associated with Badminton. • EMF Electromotive force
• Yankee Stadium is associated with Boxing. • ADH Anti Diuretic Hormone
• World’s oldest sports daily is Gazetta dello Sport of • STP Standard Temperature Pressure
Italy. • GeV Giga Electron Volt
• Val Barker Cup is awarded in the Olympic games in • NTP Normal Temperature Pressure
Boxing. • CRT Cathode Ray Tube
• The Paralympics Games 2008 were held in Beijing. • RQ: respiratory quotient
• Asafa Powell is 100 m sprinter. • PVC: polyvinyl chloride
• The term “Stalemate” is related to the game of • NPN: negative positive negative
Chess. • WAN: wide area network
• ECG: electro cardio gram
• CPU: central processing unit ALH: Advanced Light Helicopter
• BCG: bacillus of calmette –Guerin AM: ante meridiem; before noon
• STP standard temperature and pressure/ Shielded AMC: Army Medical Corps; Asset Management
Twisted Pair Companies
• ATP Adenosine Tri-Phosphate AME: Associate Member of the Institute of Engineers
• PNP proton – neutron – proton APC: Agricultural Prices Commission
• [Positive-Negative-Positive (transistor) ] APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
• LAN local area network APPLE: Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment
• KWh kilo watt hour APPU: Asian Pacific Postal Union
• BTU British Thermal Unit ARC: Asset Reconstruction Company
• LDL Low-density lipoprotein ARDR: Agricultural and Rural Debt Relief
[Commonly referred to as bad cholesterol] ASAT: Anti-Satellite weapon
• ROM Read only memory ASC: Army Service Corps
• MAF million acre feet ASCI: Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative
• SONAR Sound Navigation and Ranging ASCII: American Standard Code for Information
• LCD=LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations
• HDL= HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting
LANGUAGE/High-Density ASIMO: Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility
Lipoprotein ASLV: Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
• UHF= ULTRA- HIGH FREQUENCY ASMA: Antarctica Specially Managed Area
• LED= LIGHT EMITTING DIODE ASSOCHAM: Associated Chambers of Commerce
• BASIC= BEGGINER'S ALL PURPOSE SYMBOLIC and Industry
INSTRUCTION CODE ATA: Air Time Authority; Allen Telescope Array
ATC: Air Traffic Controller
• HST = HIGH SPEED TECHONOLGY DBS=DATA
ATM: Automatic Teller Machine
BASE SERVER
ATR: Action Taken Report
• V.L.C.C stands for Very large crude carrier.
ATV: Automatic Transfer Vehicle
VTOL = vertical take off and landing
AUM: Assets Under Management
• SETI = Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence = a AVC: Army Veterinary Corps
project to find
AVM: Additional Volatility Margin
Aliens AWACS: Airborne Warning and Control System
• Fax is the short form of Facsimile which means
identical copy B
• On the PH scale what does PH stand for-Potential BARC: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Hydrogen BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation
BC: Before Christ; Board of Control; British Columbia;
A Battery
ABM: Anti Ballistic Missiles Commander
ABVP: Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad BCG: Bacillus Calmette Guerin—Anti-Tuberculosis
AC: Alternating Current; Ashoka Chakra Vaccine BICP: Bureau of Industrial Costs and Prices
ACU: Asian Currency Union BIFR: Board of Industrial and Financial
AD: anno Domini; in the year of Lord Christ Reconstruction
ADB: Asian Development Bank BIOS: Basic Input Output System
ADC: Aide-de-Camp; Access Deficit Charge BKU: Bharatiya Kisan Union
ADF: Asian Development Fund BMD: Ballistic Missile Defence System
ADS: Air Defence Ship BOLT: BSE On-Line Trading (System)
AJT: Advanced Jet Trainer BOSS: Bharat Operating System Solutions
AG: Accountant General; Adjutant General BPO: Business Process Outsourcing
AI: Air India BPR: Bottom Pressure Records
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BRO: Border Road Organisation
AIIMS: All India Institute of Medical Sciences BSE: Bombay Stock Exchange
AIR: All India Radio; Annual Information Report BSF: Border Security Force
AITUC: All India Trade Union Congress BSNL: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd
AJT: Advanced Jet Trainer

C CRDi: Common Rail Direct injection
CA: Chartered Accountant CRISIL: Credit Rating Information Services of India
CABE: Central Advisory Board of Education Limited
C & AG: Comptroller & Auditor General CRM: Customer Relationship Management
CAIR: Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics CRR: Cash Reserve Ratio
CAPART: Council for People’s Action and CRPF: Central Reserve Police Force
Advancement of Rural CSIR: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Technology CTBT: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
CAPES: Computer-Aided Paperless Examination CTT: Commodities Transaction Tax
System CVRDE: Combat Vehicles Research and
CAS: Chief of Army Staff; Chief of Air Staff; Development
Conditional Access Establishment
System
CB: Citizen Band (Radio) D
CBI: Central Bureau of Investigation DA: Dearness Allowance; Daily Allowance
CBFC: Central Board of Film Certification DAVP: Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity
CCPA: Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs DC: Deputy Commissioner; Direct Current in
CD: Conference on Disarmament Electricity
C-DAC: The Centre for Development of Advanced DDT: Dichloro-Diphenyl Trichloro-ethane
Computing (disinfectant)
CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access DIN: Director Information Number
CECA: Comprehensive Economic Cooperation DM: District Magistrate; Deputy Minister
Agreement DMIC: Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor
CERN: European Organisation for Nuclear Research DMK: Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (a regional
(Pronounced CERN in French) political party of
CFC: Chlorofluro Carbon Tamil Nadu)
CFS: Container Freight Station DNA: de-oxyribonucleic acid
CHOGM: Commonwealth Heads of Government DO: Demi-official (letter)
Meeting DOD: Department of Ocean Development
CIA: Central Intelligence Agency (of U.S.A.) DPEP: District Primary Education Programme
CIBIL: Credit Information Bureau (India) Ltd DPI: Director of Public Instruction
CIC: Chief Information Commissioner DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory
CID: Criminal Investigation DRDO: Defence Research and Development
Department C-in-C: Commander-in- Organisation
Chief DST: Daylight Saving Time
cif: cost, insurance and freight DRES: Department of Renewable Energy Sources
CIS: Commonwealth of Independent States DTH: Direct to Home (broadcasting)
CISF: Central Industrial Security Force
CITES: Convention on International Trade in E
Endangered Species ECG: Electro Cardio-gram
CITU: Centre of Indian Trade Unions ECS: Electronic Clearing Service
CLASS: Computer Literacy and Studies in Schools ECT: Electro-convulsant Therapy (electric shock
CLAWS: Centre for Land Warfare Studies treatment)
CM: Command Module; Chief Minister EDUSAT: Education Satellite
CMP: Common Minimum Programme EEG: Electro-encephalography
CNG: Compressed Natural Gas EET: Exempt Exempt Taxation
CNN: Cable News Network EFA: Education for All
CNS: Chief of the Naval Staff EFF: Extended Fund
CO: Commanding Officer Facility
COD: Central Ordnance Depot; Cash on Delivery e.g.: exempli gratia; for example
CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board EHTP: Electronic Hardware Technology Parks
CPI: Communist Party of India ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immuno Solvent Assay (used
CPI(M): Communist Party of India (Marxists) for testing
CPU: Central Processing Unit AIDS)
CR: Central Railway EMI: Equated Monthly Instalment
CRAC: Cyber Regulation Advisory Council EMS: European Monetary System
EMU: Electric-Multiple Unit; Extra-vehicular Mobility GMPS: Global Mobile Personal Communications
Unit; System
(European) Economic and Monetary Union GMRT: Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope
E & OE: Errors and Omissions Excepted GMT: Greenwich Mean Time
EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System
ER: Eastern Railway GNP: Gross National Product
ERM: Exchange Rate Mechanism GOC: General Officer Commanding
ERNET: Educational and Research Network GPO: General Post Office
ESA: European Space Agency GPRS: General Packet Radio System
ESCAP: Economic and Social Commission for Asia GPS: Global Positioning System
and the GSLV: Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
Pacific GSP: Generalised Special Preferences
ESMA: Essential Services Maintenance Act GST: Goods and Service Tax
ESOP: Employee Stock Option GSTP: Global System of Trade Preferences
Programme etc.: et cetera (and other
things) H
EU: European Union HAWS: High Altitude Warfare School
EVM: Electronic Voting Machine HCF: Highest Common Factor
HDI: Human Development Index
F HDTV: High Definition Television
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organisation HE: His (or Her) Excellency; His (or Her) Eminence;
FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation (of the U.S.A.) High
FCNR: Foreign Currency (non-resident) Accounts Explosive; Horizontal Equivalent
Scheme HITS: Headend In The Sky
FDR: Flight Data Recorder; Fixed Deposit Receipt HMMWV: High Mobility Multipurpose-Wheeled
FEMA: Foreign Exchange Management Act Vehicle
FERA: Foreign Exchange Regulations Act HMS: Hybrid Mail Service
FICCI: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce
and Industry
FII: Foreign Institutional Investors
FIPB: Foreign Investment Promotion Board (of India)
FLAG: Fibre Optic Link Around the Globe
FM: Field Marshal; Frequency Modulated
FPSB: Financial Planning Standards Boards (India)
FRBM: Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management
FSSA: Food Safety and Standards Authority (of India)
FTA: Free Trade Area
FTP: File Transfer Protocol
G
GAGAN: GPS-aided Geo-augmented Navigation
GAIL: Gas Authority of India Limited
GAIN: Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition
GATS: General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GCA: General Currency Area
GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council
GCM: Greatest Common Measure
GEF: Global Environment Fund
GHQ: General Headquarters
GIC: General Insurance Corporation
GIST: Graphics and Intelligence-based Script
Technology

HP: Himachal Pradesh; Horizontal Plane; Horse IMF: International Monetary Fund
Power IMO: International Maritime Organisation
HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language IN: Indian Navy; Intelligent Network
HTTP: Hypetext Transfer Protocol INA: Indian National Army
HUDCO: Housing and Urban Development INK: International Newspaper Kiosks
Corporation INMARSAT: International Maritime Satellite
HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current Organisation
INMAS: Institute of Nuclear Medicines and Allied
I Sciences
IAAI: International Airport Authority of India INS: Indian Naval Ship; Indian Newspaper Society
IAAS: Indian Audit and Accounts Service INSAS: Indian Small Arms System
IADF: International Agricultural Development Fund INSAT: Indian National Satellite
IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency INTERPOL: International Police Organisation
IAF: Indian Air Force INTUC: Indian National Trade Union Congress
IAMC: Indian Army Medical Corps IOC: International Olympic Committee
IAS: Indian Administrative Service IP: Indian Police
IATA: International Air Transport Association IPC: Indian Penal Code
IATT: Inland Air Travel Tax IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and IPEC: International Programme on Elimination of
Development Child Labour
IBEX: Interstellar Boundary Explorer Mission IPR: Intellectual Property Right
ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names IPS: Indian Police Service; Indian Postal Service
and Numbers IPTV: Internet Protocol Television
ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organisation IPU: Inter-Parliamentary Union
ICAR: Indian Council of Agricultural Research IQ: Intelligence Quotient
ICCR: Indian Council of Cultural Relations IR: Infra-red
ICCW: Indian Council for Child Welfare IRA: Insurance Regulatory Authority
ICDS: Integrated Child Development Service IRBM: Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
ICJ: International Court of Justice (with Headquarters IREP: Integrated Rural Energy Planning
at the IRS: Indian Remote Sensing Satellite; Indian
Hague) Revenue Service
ICL: Indian Cricket League ISAF: International Stabilization and Assistance
ICMR: Indian Council of Medical Research Force (in
ICPA: Indian Cricket Players’ Association Afghanistan)
ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross ISC: Inter-State Council
IDA: International Development Association ISCS: Integrated Smart Card System
IDBI: Industrial Development Bank of ISD: International Subscriber Dialled (telephone)
India IDSA: Institute of Defence Studies ISH: Information Super Highway
and Analysis i.e.: id est; that is ISKCON: International Society for Krishna
IEA: International Energy Agency Consciousness
IES: Indian Economic Service ISO: International Standardisation Organisation
IEX: Indian Energy Exchange ISP: Internet Service Provider
IFRS: International Financial Reporting Standard ISRO: Indian Space Research Organisation
IFS: Indian Foreign Service; Indian Forest Service ISS: International Space Station
IFTU: International Federation of Trade Unions IST: Indian Standard Time
IFWJ: Indian Federation of Working Journalists ISTRAC: ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command
IGNOU: Indira Gandhi National Open University Network
IIPA: Indian Institute of Public Administration ITDC: Indian Tourism Development Corporation
IISS: International Institute of Strategic Studies ITO: International Trade Organisation; Income-tax
IIT: Indian Institutes of Technology Officer
ILO: International Labour Organisation ITU: International Tele-communication Union
IMA: Indian Military Academy IUC: Interconnect User Charge
IMET: International Military Education Training
Programme J, K, L
JCO: Junior Commissioned Officer (It helps rural development by providing re-finance
JNNURM: Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban facility).
Renewal Mission NACIL: National Aviation Company of India Ltd
JPC: Joint Parliamentary Committee NADA: National Anti-Doping Agency
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group NAEP: National Adult Education Programme
JWG: Joint Working Group NAFTA: North America Free Trade Agreement
KG: Kindergarten NAG: National Air Guard
Kg: Kilogramme NAM: Non-aligned Movement
KPO: Knowledge Process Outsourcing NAMA: Non-Agriculture Market Access
LAC: Line of Actual Control NASA: National Aeronautics and Space
LCA: Light Combat Aircraft Administration (of the
LDC: Least Developed Countries U.S.A.)
LHC: Large Hadron Collider NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers
LIC: Life Insurance Corporation (of India) Automated
LLP: Limited Liability Partnership Quotation
LOAC: Line of Actual Control NATA: Natural Aptitude Test for Architecture
LTA: Light Transport Aircraft NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
LTTE: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam NAV: Net Asset Value
NB: Nota bene; note well, or take notice
M NCA: Nuclear Command Authority
MAT: Minimum Alternative Tax NCC: National Cadet Corps
MER: Mars Exploration Rover NCEP: National Committee on Environmental
MBBS: Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Planning
Surgery NCERT: National Council of Education Research and
MCF: Master Control Facility Training
MEP: Minimum Export Price NCR: National Capital Region
MES: Military Engineering Service NDA: National Defence Academy; National
METSAT: Meteorological Satellite Democratic Alliance
MFA: Multi-Fibre Agreement NDNC: National Do Not Call (Registry)
MFN: Most Favoured Nation NDPS: Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances
MIP: Moon Impact Probe NDRF: National Disaster Response Force
MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service NDTL: National Dope Testing Laboratory
MMTC: Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of NeGP: National e-governance Plan
India NEDB: North-Eastern Development Bank
MNC: Multi-national Corporation NEP: National Education Policy
MNIC: Multi-purpose National Identity Card NEPA: National Environment Protection Authority
MODEM: Modulator-Demodulator NFO: New Fund Offers
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging NHDP: National Highways Development Project
MRTPC: Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices NHRC: National Human Rights Commission
Commission NIC: National Integration Council
MRTS: Mass Rapid Transit System NIFT: National Institute of Fashion Technology
MSA: Maritime Safety Agency NIO: National Institute of Oceanography
MSCF: Maritime Security Cooperation Framework NIS: National Institute of Sports
Mss: Manuscript NIT: National Institute of Technology
MTCR: Missile Technology Control Regime NLMA: National Literacy Mission Authority
MTO: Multilateral Trade Organisation NMD: Nuclear Missile Defence
MVC: Maha Vir Chakra NMDC: National Mineral Development Corporation
MUNO: Maha Vir Chakra NPL: National Physical Laboratory
NPR: National Population Register
N NPT: (Nuclear) Non-Proliferation Treaty
NAA: National Airport Authority NRBI: National Rural Bank of India
NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural NREGA: National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
Development. NREP: National Rural Employment Programme
NRF: National Renewal Fund
NRI: Non-Resident Indian PN: Participatory Note
NRR: National Reproduction Rate PO: Post Office; Postal Order
NRSA: National Remote Sensing Agency POPs: Persistent Organic Pollutants; Point of
NSA: National Security Act Purchase
NSC: National Service Corps; National Security POTA: Prevention of Terrorism Act
Council POW: Prisoner of War
NSDL: National Securities Depository Limited PP: Public Prosecutor; Particular Person
NSE: National Stock Exchange PRO: Public Relations Officer
NSR: National Skills Registry PS: Post Scriptum; Post Script; written after
NTPC: National Thermal Power Corporation PSC: Public Service Commission
NWDA: National Water Development Agency PSE: Public Sector Enterprises
NWRC: National Water Resources Council PSLV: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
PTA: Preferential Trade Area
O PTI: Press Trust of India
OAS: Organisation of American States PTO: Please Turn Over; Privilege Ticket Order
OAU: Organisation of African Unity PUFA: Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids
OBC: Other Backward Communities PVC: Param Vir Chakra
OBU: Offshore Banking Unit PVSM: Param Vishisht Sewa Medal
ODA: Official Development Assistance PWD: Public Works Department
ODF: Open Document Format
ODS: Ozone Depletion Substances Q, R
OECD: Organisation of Economic Co-operation and QMG: Quarter Master General
Development QR: Quantitative Restriction
OGL: Open General Licence RAF: Rapid Action Force
OIC: Organisation of Islamic Countries RAM: Random Access Memory
OIGS: On India Government Service RBI: Reserve Bank of India
OIL: Oil India Limited RCC: Reinforced Concrete Cement
OM: Order of Merit RDF: Rapid Development Force
ONGC: Oil and Natural Gas Commission RDS: Radio Data Servicing
OPEC: Organisation of Petroleum Exporting RDSS: Radio Determination Satellite Service
Countries REACH: Rehabilitate, Educate and Support Street
OSCE: Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Children
Europe RLO: Returned Letter Office
OSD: Officer on Special Duty RLV: Reusable Launch Vehicle
OXML: Open Extended Marking Language RPM: Revolution Per Minute
RPO: Recruitment Process Outsourcing; Regional
P Passport
PAC: Political Affairs Committee; Public Accounts Officer
Committee RRB: Regional Rural Bank
PACER: Programme for Acceleration of Commercial RRPI: Rural Retail Price Index
Energy RSS: Rashtriya Swyamsevak Sangh
Research RSVP: Repondez s’il vous plait (Fr.) reply, if you
PAN: Permanent Account Number (of Income-Tax) please
PATA: Pacific-Asia Travel Association RTGS: Real Time Gross Settlement System
PCS: Public Civil Service; Punjab Civil Service
PIB: Press Information Bureau S
Pin Code: Postal Index Number Code SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Co-
PIO: Persons of Indian Origin operation
PLF: Plant Load Factor SAFTA: South Asian Free Trade Area
PM: Post Meridiem; after-noon; also Postmaster; SAIL: Steel Authority of India Limited
Prime Minister; SAPTA: SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement
post-mortem (after death) SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
PMG: Postmaster SATNAV: Satellite Navigation (Initiative)
General SAVE: SAARC Audio Visual Exchange
SC: Security Council; Supreme Court; Scheduled TMC: Terrain Mapping Camera
Caste TMO: Telegraphic Money Order
SCI: Shipping Corporation of India TNT: Tri-nitro-toluene (high explosive)
SCO: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation TPP: 20-Point Programme
SCOPE: Standing Conference on Public Enterprises TRAI: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
SDO: Sub-Divisional Officer TRIMs: Trade Related Investment Measures
SDR: Special Drawing Rights (created by the World TRIPS: Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights
Bank) TRP: Television Rating Points; Tax Return Preparer
SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India TRYSEM: Training of Rural Youth for Self
SFC: Strategic Forces Command Employment
SGPC: Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee TTE: Travelling Ticket Examiner
SIDBI: Small Industries Development Bank of India TTF: Tourism Task Force
SIT: Special Investigation Team
SITE: Satellite Instructional Television Experiment U
SLR: Statutory Liquidity Ratio UAE: United Arab Emirates
SMS: Short Messaging Service; Subscriber UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Management System UF: United Front
SOS: Save Our Souls—distress signal UFO: Unidentified Flying Object
SPG: Special Protection Group UGC: University Grants Commission
SPIN: Software Process Improvement Networks ULFA: United Liberation Front of Assam
SPV: Solar Photo Voltaic UN: United Nations
SQUID: Super-conducting Quantum Interference UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and
Device Development
SRE: Space Capsule Recovery Experiment UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
SRV: Submarine Rescue Vessel UNEF: United Nations Emergency Force
SSN: Social Security Number UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme
STARS: Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and
START: Strategic Arms Reduction Talks Cultural
STEP: Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Organisation
Park UNFPO: United Nations Fund for Population
STT: Securities Transaction Tax Activities
SWAN: State-wide Area Network UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for
SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Financial Refugees
Telecommunications UNHRC: United Nations Human Rights Commission
UNI: United News of India
T UNICEF: United Nations International Children’s
TA: Travelling Allowance; Territorial Army (Emergency) Fund
TAAI: Travel Agents Association of India UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development
TACDE: Tactics and Air Combat Development Organisation
Establishment UNRRA: United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
TADA: Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Administration
(Prevention) Act UNTAC: United Nations Transitional Authority for
TAPS: Tarapur Atomic Power Station Cambodia
TB: Tuberculosis UPA: United Progressive Alliance
TDC: Transport Development Council UPSC: Union Public Service Commission
TDS: Tax Deduction at Source UPTN: Universal Personal Telephone Number
TDSAT: Telecom Dispute Settlement Appellate USA: United States of America
Tribunal USIS: United States Information Service
TERLS: Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching
Station V
TIFR: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research VAT: Value-added Tax
TIN: Tax Information Network VC: Vice-Chancellor; Vice Counsel; Victoria Cross;
TINXSYS: Tax Information Exchange System Vir Chakra
TISCO: Tata Iron and Steel Company VDIS: Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme

VHRR: Very High Resolution Radiometer 11. US special representative for Pakistan and
VIP: Very Important Person Afghanistan is Richard Halbroke.
VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration 12. Senator John Kerry and Richard Lugar put
VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol forward KerryLugar Bill.
VPN: Virtual Private Network 13. G-20 Summit was held at Pittsburg, USA in
VPP: Value Payable Post Sep: 2009.
VRS: Voluntary Retirement Scheme 14. David Lawrance Convention Centre arranges
VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminals G-20 Summit.
15. ISRO is Indian Space Research
W Organisation.
WADA: World Anti-Doping Agency 16. President of Mongolia is Tsakhiagin
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol Elbegdorj.
WAVE: Wireless Access for Virtual Enterprise 17. Director General of Int. Atomic Energy
WDF: Wasteland Development Force Agency is Mohammad Alberadi.
WEF: World Economic Forum 18. US Open 2009 won by Kim Clisjsters of
WFP: World Food Programme Belgium and Juan Martin del Porto won men's
WFTU: World Federation of Trade Unions singles titles.
WGIG: Working Group on Internet Governance 19. UEFA president is Michel Platni.
WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organisation 20. Dal Lake is in occupied Kashmir.
WLL: Wireless in Local Loop 21. Shoe thrower on Bush Muntazer al Zaidi
WMD: Weapons of Mass Destruction worked for AlBaghdadi newspaper, Egypt.
WR: Western Railway 22. President of France is Nicolas Sarkozy.
WTO: World Trade Organisation (previously called 23. Mother Tressa belonged to Albania and came
GATT); also to India in 1951. She died on Sep:5, 19997 and is
burried at Kolkata.
World Tourism Organisation
24. Sachin Tendulkar completed 16000 runs in
ODIs.
X, Y, Z
25. President of Russia is Dimitri Medwedev. PM
XML: eXtensible Markup Language
is Viladamir Putin.
YMCA: Young Men’s Christian Association
26. World Bank president is Robert Zoellic.
YWCA: Young Women’s Christian Association
27. US Secretary of State is Hillary Rodham
Clinton.
28. Head of WTO is Pascal Lamy.
CURRENT G.K 29. Garden of Five Senses is in Delhi.
30. Obama is US's 44th President.
1. Tapaimukh Dam issue is between India & 31. Danny Boyle is the director of Slum Dog
Bangladesh. Millionaire.
2. Foreign Minister of Bangladesh is Dipu Moni. 32. President of Chechnia is Ramzan A. Kadyrov.
3. PM of Bangladesh Shaikh Haseena of Awami 33. Shasha Obama (younger) and Malia Obama
League elected in December, 29,2008. (elder) are two daughters of Barak Obama.
4. Mongolia has world's 6% of Uranium reserves. 34. Ahmadinejad defeated Mir Hussain Moussavi
5. The Bofors case led to Congress defeat in 1989 in his reelection.
Lok Sabha polls. Ottavio Quattrocchi, an Italian 35. Honduran President Manuel Zelaya was
businessman, took bribes to sale Bofors howitzers ousted in a military coup. He was deported to
to India in 1986. Costa Rica.
6. Mao movement is connected with Naxalites. 36. Brazil beats US in Confederation Cup.
7. Black Widow is a rebellious gang in Assam. 37. Iceland swears its first female PM Johanna
8. US intends to deploy US interceptor Missiles in Sigurdard Ottir.
Poland and radar in Czech Republic to protect 38. Baitullah Mehsud killed on Aug: 5, 2009.
Europe from Iranian missiles. 39. Serena Williams and Roger Federer are
9. Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel belongs to Wimbeldon winners this year.
conservative party. 40. ICJ issued arrest warrants for Sudanese
10. OECD has 30 members and doesnot include President Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir.
China. 41. President of North Korea is Kim Jong-il.

54. The Internaitiona Airport of Washington DC is
known as Dulles International Airport.
55. Michael Sleiman has taken over as the President
of Lebanon.
56. 5th World Water Forum concluded in Istanbul on
22nd March 2009.
57. China celebrated its 60th Aniversary on 1st Oct:
2009.
58. India will hold the Common Wealth Games in
2010.
59. Jill Baden is the wife of Joe Biden, VP USA.
60. Michelle Obaman is the wife of Barack Obama.
61. CIA director is Leon Panetta.
62. Secretary General of OIC is Ikmalluddin Ihsan
Iglo (Turkey).
63. US Ambassador to Iraq is Christopher Hill.
42. Jacob Zuma won elections in South Africa. 49. President of Sri Lanka is Mahinda Percy
43. Abdullah Abdullah contested elections Rajapaksa and PM is Ratnasiri Wickremanyake.
against Hamid Karzai. 50. President of India is Prathiba Patel, Interior
44. Chinese President is Hu Jintao. Minister is Palaniappan Chidambaram.
45. Mother-in-Law of Obama is Marian Robinson. 51. Michael Jackson died on 25th June 2009 at
46. President of Bangladesh is Zillur Rahman. the age of 50.
47. Governor State Bank of Pakistan is Syed 52. LTTE chief Prabhakaran killed on 18th May
Salim Raza. 2009.
48. Pakistan Ambassador to UN is Abdullah 53. Titanic Museum opened in UK on 31st March
Hussain Haroon. 2009.
64. Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self Governance Order 2009 came on Sep: 7, 2009.
Qamar-uz-Zaman Qaira made governer on 15th Sep: 2009.
65. The book "Jinnah- India, Partition, Independence" is written by Jaswant Singh.
66. The World Athletics Championship was held in Berlin in 2009.
67. Justice Hamid Ali Mirza is the new Chief Election Commission of Pakistan.
68. Arab League Sectary General is Amr Moosa.
69. Commander of ISAF forces in Afghanistan is General Stan Mc Crystal.
70. Operation Rah-e-Nijad conducted in South Waziristan on June 19, 2009.
71. Operation Rah-e-Rast began in Sawat in May 2009.
72. NAM Chairman is President Hussni Mubark of Egypt.
73. ICC chief is Haroon Lorgat of South Africa.
74. First East Timore President is Jose Gusmao.
75. The American Taliban captured in Afghanistan is John Walker Lindh.
76. President of Palestine is Mehmood Abbas.
77. RAW chief is K.C Verma.
78. Foreign Minister of UK is David Miliband.
79. FIFA President is Joseph Sepp Blatter.
80. Prime Minister of Australia is Kavin Rid.
81. US Secretary of Defence is Robert Gates.
82. Secretary General of SAARC is Sheel Kant Sharma.
83. OPEC chief is Abdullah Salem al-Badri.
84. NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen.
85. Next Olympics will be held in London in 2012.
86. Next Hockey World Cup will be held in India in 2010.
87. Next World Cup of Cricket will be held in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh in 2011.
88. Next Football World Cup is to be held in South Africa in 2010. 89. Burj Khalifa — The
Tallest Building in the World has 162 stories, 828 meters or 2,717 feet in height and was
constructed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, inaugurated on 4 th Jan: 2010.

90. NRO was promulgated on Oct 5 2007 and has
7 sections.
91. Baluchistan Package was announced in joint
Sitting of Parliment on 24th November.
92. Pakistan lift World T20 Cup, beat Sri Lanka by
8 wkts on 21 June 2009.
93. When Kerry lugar bill was passed?
Thursday, Sept 24, 2009.

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ISLAMIAT • Noah lived for 950 years.

• Nooh is called predecessor, Naji Ullah; Shaikh ul

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• Theory of mutation was propounded by Hygo de

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