KOLEJ VOKASIONAL SHAH ALAM

DIPLOMA TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT

1DVM ISK (2021)

SEMESTER 1

DKB 1022
COMPUTER SYSTEM SETUP AND REPAIR

K1 – COMPUTER SYSTEM ASSEMBLY

1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

(NOTA 3/4)

NAMA PENSYARAH

ROGHDARYANTI BINTI HASHIM

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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

1.2 TYPES OF COMPUTER WARNING ALARMS AND POST MESSAGES

The computer POST (power-on self-test) checks a computer's internal

hardware for compatibility and connection before starting the remainder of the
boot process. If the computer passes the POST, the computer may give a single
beep (some computers may beep twice) as it starts and continues to boot.
However, if the computer fails the POST, the computer doesn't beep or
generates a beep code telling the user the source of the problem.

1.2.1 Long beep and short beep

AMI BIOS beep codes

Below are the AMI BIOS beep codes. However, because of the wide variety of
different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep Code Descriptions

1 short DRAM refresh failure.
2 short Parity circuit failure.
3 short Base 64 K RAM failure.
4 short System timer failure.
5 short Process failure.
6 short Keyboard controller Gate A20 error.
7 short Virtual mode exception error.
8 short Display memory Read/Write test failure.
9 short ROM BIOS checksum failure.
10 short How to replace the CMOS battery.
11 short Cache memory error.
1 long, 3 short Conventional/Extended memory failure.
1 long, 8 short Display/Retrace test failed.
Two-tone siren Low CPU fan speed, voltage level issue.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

Award BIOS beep codes

Below are Award BIOS beep codes. However, because of the wide variety of
different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep Code Description

Indicates a video error has occurred and the

1 long, 2 short BIOS cannot initialize the video screen to
display any additional information.
Video card not detected (reseat video card) or
1 long, 3 short
bad video card.
Beeps repeating endlessly. RAM problem.
Repeated high frequency
Overheating processor (CPU).
beeps while PC is running.
Repeated beeps alternating Issue with the processor (CPU), possibly
high & low frequency. damaged.
If any other correctable hardware issues are found, the BIOS displays a message.

Dell beep codes

Beep Code Description

1 beep BIOS ROM corruption or failure.
2 beeps Memory (RAM) not detected.
3 beeps Motherboard failure.
4 beeps Memory (RAM) failure.
5 beeps CMOS battery failure.
6 beeps Video card failure.
7 beeps Bad processor (CPU).
For other Dell beep codes, please refer to Dell's beep codes and PSA diagnostics
chart page.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

IBM BIOS beep codes

Below are general IBM BIOS beep codes. However, because of the wide variety of
models shipping with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep Code Description

No beeps Why won't my computer turn on?
1 short beep Normal POST, computer is ok.
2 short beep POST error, review screen for error code.
Continuous beep No power, loose card, or short.
Repeating short beep No power, loose card, or short.
1 long and 1 short beep Motherboard issue.
1 long and 2 short beeps Video (Mono/CGA display circuitry) issue.
1 long and 3 short beeps. Video (EGA) display circuitry.
3 long beeps Keyboard or keyboard card error.
1 beep, blank or incorrect display. Video display circuitry.

Macintosh startup tones

Tones Error
Error tone. (two sets of different tones). Problem with logic board or SCSI bus.
Startup tone, drive spins, no video. Problem with video controller.
Powers on, no tone. Logic board problem.
High tone, four higher tones. Problem with SIMM.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

Phoenix BIOS beep codes

Below are the beep codes for Phoenix BIOS Q3.07 or 4.x.

Beep Code Description and what to check

Unconfirmed beep code. Reseat RAM chips or replace RAM
1-1-1-1
chips as possible solution.
1-1-1-3 Verify real mode.
1-1-2-1 Get CPU type.
1-1-2-3 Initialize system hardware.
1-1-3-1 Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.
1-1-3-2 Set in POST flag.
1-1-3-3 Initialize CPU registers.
1-1-4-1 Initialize cache to initial POST values.
1-1-4-3 Initialize I/O.
1-2-1-1 Initialize power management.
1-2-1-2 Load alternate registers with initial POST values.
1-2-1-3 Jump to UserPatch0.
1-2-2-1 Initialize keyboard controller.
1-2-2-3 BIOS ROM checksum.
1-2-3-1 8254 timer initialization.
1-2-3-3 8237 DMA controller initialization.
1-2-4-1 Reset programmable interrupt controller.
1-3-1-1 Test DRAM refresh.
1-3-1-3 Test 8742 keyboard controller.
1-3-2-1 Set ES segment to register to 4 GB.
1-3-3-1 Autosize DRAM.
1-3-3-3 Clear 512 K base RAM.
1-3-4-1 Test 512 base address lines.
1-3-4-3 Test 512 K base memory
1-4-1-3 Test CPU bus clock frequency.
1-4-2-4 Reinitialize the chipset.
1-4-3-1 Shadow system BIOS ROM.
1-4-3-2 Reinitialize the cache.
1-4-3-3 Autosize cache.
1-4-4-1 Configure advanced chipset registers.
1-4-4-2 Load alternate registers with CMOS values.
2-1-1-1 Set initial CPU speed.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

2-1-1-3 Initialize interrupt vectors.

2-1-2-1 Initialize BIOS interrupts.
2-1-2-3 Check ROM Copyright notice.
2-1-2-4 Initialize manager for PCI options ROMs.
2-1-3-1 Check video configuration against CMOS.
2-1-3-2 Initialize PCI bus and devices.
2-1-3-3 Initialize all video adapters in system.
2-1-4-1 Shadow video BIOS ROM.
2-1-4-3 Display Copyright notice.
2-2-1-1 Display CPU type and speed.
2-2-1-3 Test keyboard.
2-2-2-1 Set key click if enabled.
2-2-2-3 Enable keyboard.
2-2-3-1 Test for unexpected interrupts.
2-2-3-3 Display prompt Press F2 to enter SETUP.
2-2-4-1 Test RAM between 512 and 640 k.
2-3-1-1 Test expanded memory.
2-3-1-3 Test extended memory address lines.
2-3-2-1 Jump to UserPatch1.
2-3-2-3 Configure advanced cache registers.
2-3-3-1 Enable external and CPU caches.
2-3-3-3 Display external cache size.
2-3-4-1 Display shadow message.
2-3-4-3 Display non-disposable segments.
2-4-1-1 Display error messages.
2-4-1-3 Check for configuration errors.
2-4-2-1 Test real-time clock.
2-4-2-3 Check for keyboard errors.
2-4-4-1 Set up hardware interrupts vectors.
2-4-4-3 Test coprocessor if present.
3-1-1-1 Disable onboard I/O ports.
3-1-1-3 Detect and install external RS232 ports.
3-1-2-1 Detect and install external parallel ports.
3-1-2-3 Re-initialize onboard I/O ports.
3-1-3-1 Initialize BIOS data area.
3-1-3-3 Initialize extended BIOS data area.
3-1-4-1 Initialize floppy controller.
3-2-1-1 Initialize hard disk controller.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

3-2-1-2 Initialize local bus hard disk controller.

3-2-1-3 Jump to UserPatch2.
3-2-2-1 Disable A20 address line.
3-2-2-3 Clear huge ES segment register.
3-2-3-1 Search for option ROMs.
3-2-3-3 Shadow option ROMs.
3-2-4-1 Set up Power Management.
3-2-4-3 Enable hardware interrupts.
3-3-1-1 Set time of day.
3-3-1-3 Check key lock.
3-3-3-1 Erase F2 prompt.
3-3-3-3 Scan for F2 key stroke.
3-3-4-1 Enter CMOS setup.
3-3-4-3 Clear in POST flag.
3-4-1-1 Check for errors
3-4-1-3 POST done, prepare to boot operating system.
3-4-2-1 One beep.
3-4-2-3 Check password (optional).
3-4-3-1 Clear global descriptor table.
3-4-4-1 Clear parity checkers.
3-4-4-3 Clear screen (optional).
3-4-4-4 Check virus and backup reminders.
4-1-1-1 Try to boot with INT 19.
4-2-1-1 Interrupt handler error.
4-2-1-3 Unknown interrupt error.
4-2-2-1 Pending interrupt error.
4-2-2-3 Initialize option ROM error.
4-2-3-1 Shutdown error.
4-2-3-3 Extended block move.
4-2-4-1 Shutdown 10 error.
4-3-1-3 Initialize the chipset.
4-3-1-4 Initialize refresh counter.
4-3-2-1 Check for forced flash.
4-3-2-2 Check HW status of ROM.
4-3-2-3 BIOS ROM is OK.
4-3-2-4 Do a complete RAM test.
4-3-3-1 Do OEM initialization.
4-3-3-2 Initialize interrupt controller.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

4-3-3-3 Read in bootstrap code.

4-3-3-4 Initialize all vectors.
4-3-4-1 Boot the flash program.
4-3-4-2 Initialize the boot device.
4-3-4-3 Boot code was read OK.
Two-tone siren Low CPU fan speed, voltage level issue.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

1.2.2 Keyboard not connected

Apabila keyboard tidak disambungkan atau rosak maka POST akan

mengeluarkan mesej “Keyboard Not Found”.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

1.2.3 BIOS

APA ITU BIOS?

BIOS, dalam pengkomputeran, merupakan singkatan kepada Basic Input/Output

System (Sistem Input/Output Asas) atau Basic Integrated Operating System
(Sistem Pengendalian Bersepadu Asas).

BIOS merujuk kepada kod perisian yang dijalankan oleh komputer apabila ia mula
dihidupkan. Fungsi utama BIOS ialah untuk menyediakan mesin supaya aturcara
perisian lain yang disimpan di dalam pelbagai bahantara (seperti cakera keras, cakera
liut dan CD [hardware]) boleh dimuat (load) dan mengambil alih komputer tersebut.
Proses ini dikenali sebagai but (boot / booting up).

BIOS juga boleh dikatakan sebagai atur cara berkod yang dibenamkan ( built-in install)
ke dalam suatu cip yang mengenali dan mengawal motherboard serta pelbagai peranti
komputer. Istilah BIOS adalah khusus untuk komputer peribadi. Untuk jenis komputer
lain, istilah generik boot monitor, boot loader (Android phone) atau boot ROM biasa
digunakan.

BIOS ialah satu program / pengaturcaraan yang dijalankan (run) sebaik sahaja
komputer dihidupkan. Program ini telah dimasukkan ke dalam BIOS Flash ROM / Chip
semasa proses membuat motherboard di kilang.

BIOS chip menyimpan ingatan ROM (Read Only Memory), ini bermaksud ingatan BIOS
adalah bersifat kekal, ini bermaksud program BIOS masih kekal disimpan walaupun suis
komputer dimatikan.
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Bagi memudahkan kita memahami fungsi BIOS yang asas, kita dapati bahawa setiap
kali kalau komputer kita dihidupkan, maka paparan monitor akan menunjukkan seperti
gambar di atas (Bergantung kepada pengilang, Acer, Lenovo DLL). Dari paparan
tersebut kita dapat lihat bahawa program BIOS berfungsi untuk mengesan ( detect)
setiap perkakasan (hardware) komputer yang dipasang mengikut turutan yang telah
ditetapkan.

Contoh perkakasan komputer yang dikesan semasa proses POST (Power On Self Test)
ialah Processor, RAM dan Hard Disk.

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MENGAKSES BIOS?

Kebiasaan PC, ketika mahu boot, hanya perlu tekan F2 / F12 / Esc (depend
manufacture PC).

F2 to enter setup (BIOS)

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CARA MUDAH MASUK KE BIOS WIN 8 (SHORTCUT)

Baru-baru ini PC telah menetapkan "Secure boot" dan dipasang pada BIOS (Windows
8). Jadi, tidak boleh sesuka hati mengubah BIOS. Dalam hal ini (WIN 8) jika mahu akses
BIOS, perlu tekan SHIFT dan tekan RESTART (SHIFT tidak perlu lepas sehingga
perkataan "Please wait" muncul).

Untuk longcut? (Follow screenshot dibawah)

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FUNGSI BIOS

• Memulakan (initialize) mengenalpasti perkakasan ketika komputer dihidupkan.

• Menguji komputer bagi memastikan ia berjalan dengan baik. BIOS juga berfungsi
sebagai asas untuk melakukan proses troubleshooting perkakasan komputer.
• Menjalankan operating system "OS" (Windows, Linux dan lain-lain).
• Sebagai "orang tengah" di antara perkakasan dan perisian.

Terdapat beberapa Settings pada BIOS yang boleh ditetapkan, dan Settings ini disimpan
selagi bateri CMOS pada motherboard masih berfungsi.

Bateri CMOS

Interface BIOS
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

TUJUAN SETTING BIOS

Sekiranya komputer tersebut dapat beroperasi dengan baik, maka bolehlah membuat
Setting BIOS sekiranya perlu. Kebiasaanya, perlu memilih Setting BIOS sekiranya:

• Untuk melihat spesifikasi perkakasan komputer.

• Untuk mengubah setting BIOS supaya tahap komputer ( performance) dapat
ditingkatkan secara optimum (Contoh: tetapkan kelajuan RAM, Graphic Card,
shared memory dan lain-lain).
• Untuk mengubah "First Boot" sebelum membuat install OS (Contoh: Windows,
Linux dan lain-lain).
• Overclocking processor.
• Menetapkan BIOS password.
• Mengesan kerosakan perkakasan komputer, dan macam-mcam lagi.

PERINGATAN SEBELUM SETTING BIOS

Adalah dinasihatkan supaya tidak mengubah Setting BIOS sekiranya tidak pasti
mengenai Setting tersebut, kerana boleh menyebabkan komputer beroperasi dengan
Setting yang salah atau boleh menyebabkan masalah PC sangkut (stuck / hang).

Sekiranya tersilap Setting, ia boleh kembali kepada Setting yang asal dengan cara
membuat pilihan "Restore Factory Setting" pada BIOS atau tutup PC dahulu dan cabut
bateri BIOS (CMOS) itu selama beberapa minit dan pasangkannya semula.

SEBAB PERLU RESET/ CABUT BATERI BIOS/ CMOS

• Terlupa password BIOS.

• Tersilap Setting BIOS sehingga terlupa untuk membuat Setting yang asal.
• Komputer sangkut disebabkan kesilapan Setting BIOS.
• Komputer sangkut disebabkan overcloaking yang tidak sesuai (not compatible).
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

BIOS Date

POST akan mengeluarkan tarikh BIOS asal yang dikeluarkan. Boleh dinaiktaraf
menggunakan medium flash drive.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

1.2.4 Processor bus speed error

POST akan mengeluarkan mesej processor bus speed error disebabkan

kesilapan tetapan.

1.2.5 Memory module incorrect configuration

POST akan mengeluarkan mesej memory initialization warning disebabkan

lebihan RAM yang tidak dapat dikesan pada sistem.
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Masalah biasa pada sistem unit dan penyelesaiannya

Komputer peribadi adalah alat elektronik yang boleh mengalamai kerosakan. Sebagai
pengguna kita perlu mengetahui dan mengenalpasti sebarang masalah biasa yang
sering berlaku terhadap komputer peribadi terutamanya perkakasan yang ada dalam
sistem unit. Dengan cara ini, masalah dapat dielakkan serta mampu menangani
sebarang kerosakan yang lebih besar disamping dapat menjimatkan masa dan wang.

Antara masalah-masalah yang dihadapi oleh sistem unit ialah:

PERALATAN MASALAH PENYELESAIAN

1. Periksa cable power (240V) ke monitor.
2. Periksa signal cable/ connector.
3. Periksa power supply unit/ pastikan kipas OK.
4. Periksa power connector (connection)
ke motherboard.
5. Periksa kedudukan RAM/ lokasinya.
6. Periksa SVGA card/ monitor card.
7. Periksa contrast/ brightness control.
8. Periksa pemasangan/ lokasi cable hard disk.
9. Periksa power LED pada monitor.

Set PC Blank screen 10. Periksa motherboard/ CPU/ RAM.

11. Periksa jumper pada card/ motherboard
(berbanding dengan lain).
12. Pastikan tiada 2 atau lebih card fungsi sama
berada di dalam satu motherboard.
13. Pastikan power output (0, -5V+5V – 12V dan
+12V) mencukupi dari power supply unit.
14. Rujuk pada manual.
15. Tukar monitor lain.
16. Tukar motherboard.
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PERALATAN MASALAH PENYELESAIAN

Power supply
“off bila suis 1. Pastikan litar motherboard tidak “pintas” pada
casing.
“on:
2. Periksa komponen pada motherboard (Kapasitor
(Power supply tantalum)
dipastikan OK). 3. Tukar motherboard

1. Pastikan ROM BIOS OK.

Tidak dapat “save” 2. Periksa bateri/ track pada motherboard.
BIOS setup/ 3. Pastikan select “save and exit” sebelum keluar
configuration setup.
4. Tukar motherboard.

Speaker tiada 1. Periksa pemasangan cable speaker.

bunyi 2. Periksa litar speaker pada motherboard.
Motherboard
3. Periksa / tukar speaker

Bunyi ‘beep 1. Periksa sambungan kad satu persatu

…beep…” 2. Periksa sambungan RAM satu persatu
bersambung 3. Tukar kad yang bermasalah
(berulang-ulang

1. Periksa jumper pada motherboard

2. Cabut bateri dan setup semula
3. Tukar ROM BIOS.
Setup untuk hard 4. Tukar motherboard
disk tidak betul bila
save
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PERALATAN MASALAH PENYELESAIAN

1. Periksa pin/ kaki CPU.

2. Periksa pin/ kaki conection
3. Periksa voltage selector untuk CPU (jumper).
CPU Tidak berfungsi
4. Tukar CPU (Test pada motherboard lain).
5. Pasangkan heat sink dan cooling fan (elakkan
terlalu panas).
Kipas tidak 1. Periksa power supply 240V
berpusing 2. Periksa suis untuk power supply unit.
Bila “on” kipas 3. Periksa resistor/ perintang
Power tidak berpusing, 4. Periksa / tukar fius.
Supply Unit bila “off: 5. Periksa pemetrian (solder) kaki komponen.
berpusing sekejap 6. Periksa I.C / cip
7. Uji kipas dengan meter.
8. Tukar power supply.
Bila “on” kipas tak 1. Periksa suis power supply unit.
berpusing, bila 2. Periksa “heat sink” transistor.
“off” berpusing 3. Periksa perintang / resistor (tiada kesan).
sekejap 4. Periksa kapasitor
1. Periksa DIOD
2. Periksa transistor
Bila “on” fius 3. Periksa bridge rectifier
putus 4. Periksa voltage regulator
Power 5. Tukar fius
Supply Unit 6. Tukar power supply unit
1. Periksa suis 110V/220V
2. Periksa power supply board (pintas).
Berlaku ‘spark’/ 3. Pasang suis cable (salah pair)
4. Bridge rectifier pastikan betul
satu letupan kecil
i) Kedudukan pin (kaki)
ii) Saiz
5. Tukar power supply.
1. Pastikan ground pada casing berfungsi
Bila “on” berlaku dengan baik.
renjatan pada 2. Ubahkan 3 pin S/S/O kepada soket lain.
casing 3. Pastikan ground power supply disambung
betul
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PERALATAN MASALAH PENYELESAIAN

1. Periksa DOS installation.

2. Periksa boot sector/ virus.
3. Pastikan hard disk utility telah dibuat.
Sistem hang/ tak 4. Periksa cable connection.
boleh run C: 5. Periksa I/O card
6. Hard disk rosak/ tukar
Hard Disk 7. Periksa / alih jumper pada motherboard (refer
(HDD) manual)
1. Pastikah hard disk OK / detected OK.
Tak boleh buat 2. Periksa DOS diskette/BIOS
fdisk/ fails to 3. Periksa hard disk setup.
create 4. Periksa motherboard
5. Periksa cable connection
1. Buat chkdsk c
Cari/ baca data 2. Buang lost allocation C:\hkdsk/f:
slow 3. Periksa guna NDD/ checkit.
4. Periksa virus/ check memori
1. Periksa command Com/ DOS
Missing command
installation.
interpreter (Bad
2. Pastikan HDD setup betul
command or
(Cyl,Head,Sector).
Missing
3. A:\>sys c:
interpreter)
4. Buat auto detect semula.
Hard Disk
1. Configure hard disk tidak betul.
(HDD )
2. Buat auto detect/ manual.
Invalid drive 3. Periksa HDD cable/ connection
specitication 4. Buat high level format
5. Periksa I/O card
6. Buat / check Fdisk (partition)

1. Cuba buat hard disk utility.

Boot sector error/ 2. Tukar hard disk baru
rosak 3. Guna disk manager
- Pilih DM/M (manual).
- Pilih Cyl kepada 1-5 (tambahkan dari O).
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-Pilih (Initiliaze, Delete Partition, Create

New Partition dan Format. Kemudian verify
hard disk tersebut).
4. Anjakkann kedudukan head pointer controller
(Anjak track dari kedudukan boot sector)

1. Delete file
Sector error/ virus 2. Buat hard disk utility.
sukar dihilangkan/ i. Low level format
bad sector. ii. Fdisk.
iii. High level format

1. Tukar lokasi HDD cable connector (IDEO-

IDEI).
2. “Disable” antara HDD connector di I/O
Hard disk (5) fail dengan motherboard.
error (80)
3. Periksa I/O card dan cable/ connector.
4. Periksa hard disk setup
5. Tukar hard disk

1. Periksa head/cuci
2. Pastikan diskette OK
- Ada sistem/ada fail
- Tiada virus
Tidak boleh baca - Kapasiti betul
data dalam - Tidak rosak
diskette - Mac/IBM PC
Diskette 3. Periksa FDD cable/ connection
Drive (FDD)
4. Periksa I/O card
5. Periksa FDD analog card.
6. Periksa setup configuration pada ROM BIOS

1. Periksa FDD cable connection

LED menyala
2. Tukar kedudukan kabel pin no.1 (merah).
berterusan/tidak
3. Tukar FDD lain.
menyala langsung
4. Tukar kedudukan kabel merah di kedua-dua
connector
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1. Periksa komponen.
2. Tukar I/O card.
Tidak boleh detect
I/O card 3. Cuci gold finger.
HDD atau FDD
4. Periksa jumper (refer manual)
5. Periksa pin/ connector betul

1. Tukar kedudukan RAM ke bank lain.

Blank screen 2. Periksa / tukar RAM satu persatu
3. Periksa RAM connection ke SLO

SIMM RAM

Detect jumlah 1. Slot simm (salah satu) telah di duplicate oleh

memori tidak sama slot lain.
dengan RAM yang 2. Pemasangan antara RM72 pin dengan 30 pin
dipasang pada slot tidak sama.
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1.2 – Types of Computer Warning Alarms and POST Messages

RUJUKAN
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