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Engineering Mathematics -II

QUESTION 1:
If 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 , then grad 𝑓 at (1,0,0) is given by
a. 3𝑘̂
b. 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
c. 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂
d. 3𝑗̂

Correct Answer: d .

Solution:
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 𝑧 2
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑓 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
= 6𝑥𝑦𝑖̂ + (3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 𝑧 2 )𝑗̂ − 2𝑦 3 𝑧𝑘̂
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑓(1,0,0) = 0 ⋅ 𝑖̂ + 3 ⋅ 𝑗̂ + 0 ⋅ 𝑘̂ = 3𝑗̂
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QUESTION 2:
1
For the function 𝑟⃗ = (𝑡 2 + 1)𝑖̂ + 𝑡−2 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , find the value of t such that 𝑟⃗(𝑡) is continuous. The
required values of 𝑡 (where ℝ is the set of real numbers and ℕ is the set of natural number) lie in
a. ℝ − {1}
b. ℝ − {2}
c. ℝ
d. ℕ

Correct Answer: b

Solution: given that

1
𝑟⃗ = (𝑡 2 + 1)𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝑡−2
1
Clearly, this vector contains functions (𝑡 2 + 1), 𝑡−2 and 1. The function 𝑡 2 + 1 and 1 are
1
continuous everywhere. But, 𝑡−2 is continuous everywhere except 𝑡 = 2 in ℝ.
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QUESTION 3:
𝑑𝑟⃗
If 𝑟⃗(𝑡) = cos 2𝑡 𝑖̂ + sin 2𝑡 𝑗̂, then the value of 𝑟⃗ × 𝑑𝑡 is

a. ⃗⃗
0
b. 2𝑖̂
c. 2𝑘̂
d. 2𝑗̂

Correct Answer: c

Solution:
𝑟⃗(𝑡) = cos 2𝑡 𝑖̂ + sin 2𝑡 𝑗̂
𝑑𝑟⃗
⇒ = −2 sin 2𝑡 𝑖̂ + 2 cos 2𝑡 𝑗̂
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑟⃗ 𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
𝑟⃗ ×
𝑑𝑡
= | cos 2𝑡 sin 2𝑡 0| = 2𝑘̂
−2 sin 2𝑡 2 cos 2𝑡 0
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QUESTION 4:
The directional derivative of 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2 at the point (1,1,1) in the direction
(𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂) is
a. 0
b. 1
c. √2
d. 2√2

Correct Answer: a .

Solution:
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2
∇𝑓 = 2𝑥𝑖̂ + 2𝑦𝑗̂ + 2𝑧𝑘̂
Directional derivative at (1,1,1) in the direction (𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂) is given by
𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂ 𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂
∇𝑓(1,1,1) ⋅ = (2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) ⋅ ( )=0
√2 √2
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QUESTION 5:
The unit normal vector to the level surface 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 = 15 at the point (2, −2,3) is given by
1 2 2
a. 𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂ + 3 𝑘̂
3
1 2 2
b. 𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂ − 3 𝑘̂
3
1 2 2
c. − 3 𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂ + 3 𝑘̂
1 2 2
d. 𝑖̂ − 3 𝑗̂ + 3 𝑘̂
3

Correct Answer: c .

Solution:
Here, it is given that 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 − 15.
Hence, ∇𝑓 = (2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑖̂ + 𝑥 2 𝑗̂ + 2𝑥𝑘̂
∇𝑓(2,−2,3) = −2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
∇𝑓(2,−2,3) 1
Unit normal vector is, |∇𝑓 = 3 (−𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂)
(2,−2,3) |
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QUESTION 6:
For any non-zero vector 𝐹⃗, which of the followings holds?
a. ∇ ⋅ (∇ × 𝐹⃗ ) = 0
b. ∇ ⋅ 𝐹⃗ = 0
c. ∇(∇ ⋅ 𝐹⃗ ) = 0
d. ∇ × 𝐹⃗ = 0

Correct Answer: a

Solution:
𝐹⃗ = 𝑓1 𝑖̂ + 𝑓2 𝑗̂ + 𝑓3 𝑘̂
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕| 𝜕𝑓3 𝜕𝑓2 𝜕𝑓1 𝜕𝑓3 𝜕𝑓2 𝜕𝑓1
∇ × 𝐹⃗ = || |=( − ) 𝑖̂ + ( − ) 𝑗̂ + ( − ) 𝑘̂
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑓1 𝑓2 𝑓3
∇ ⋅ (∇ × 𝐹⃗ ) = 0
∇ ⋅ 𝐹⃗ = 0 is not possible for 𝐹⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂

Option c and d are not possible as the right hand side is not vector.
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QUESTION 7:
Consider the vector 𝐹⃗ = (𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑖̂ + (𝑥 + 2𝑧𝑦)𝑗̂ + (𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧)𝑘̂, choose the correct
statement(s) from the followings?
a. The vector 𝐹⃗ is conservative.
b. The vector 𝐹⃗ is solenoidal
c. The vector 𝐹⃗ is not conservative.
d. The vector 𝐹⃗ is not solenoidal

Correct Answer: a, d

Solution:

𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ × 𝐹⃗ = || |=0
⃗⃗
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 |
𝑦 + 𝑧2 𝑥 + 2𝑧𝑦 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧
Hence, the vector 𝐹⃗ is conservative
∇ ⋅ 𝐹⃗ = 0 + 2𝑧 + 2𝑥
And that is nonzero. Hence, the vector is not solenoidal.
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QUESTION 8:
If the vector field 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑖̂ + 𝑥 2 𝑗̂ + 2𝑥𝑘̂ is conservative, the potential function of 𝐹⃗
(where 𝑐 is integrating constant) is

a. 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 𝑐
b. 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 2 + 𝑐
c. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑐
d. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 𝑐

Correct Answer: d .

Solution:

Given 𝐹⃗ is conservative.

∴ 𝐹⃗ = ∇𝑓 for some scalar function 𝑓.

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
(2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑖̂ + 𝑥 2 𝑗̂ + 2𝑥𝑘̂ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑓
= 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑧 ; ⇒ 𝑓 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 + ℎ1 (𝑦, 𝑧)
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑓
= 𝑥 2 ; ⇒ 𝑓 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + ℎ2 (𝑥, 𝑧)
𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑓
= 2𝑥 ; ⇒ 𝑓 = 2𝑥𝑧 + ℎ3 (𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑧

Combining last three questions, we have 𝑓 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 𝑐, where c is constant

QUESTION 9:
Find the value of the integral ∫𝐶 𝐹⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝑟⃗ where 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑖̂ + 𝑦 2 𝑗̂ and 𝐶 is given by the curve
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 form (0,0) to (1,1). The required value is

a. 0
b. 1
11
c. 12
13
d. 12

Correct Answer: d

Solution:
1 1
13
∮ 𝐹⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝑟⃗ = ∮ (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑥 + 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 6 . 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 8 )𝑑𝑥 =
𝐶 𝐶 0 0 12
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QUESTION 10:
The position vector 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ is
a. Solenoidal
b. Conservative
c. Not conservative
d. Not solenoidal

Correct Answer: b, d

Solution:

Given that 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂

Now,

𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 ⃗⃗
∇ × 𝑟⃗ = | |=0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

Clearly, the vector is conservative.

∇ ⋅ 𝐹⃗ = 3

Then, the vector is not solenoidal.