VSICM7 M09 Vsphere Clusters

Module 9: vSphere Clusters
© 2020 VMware, Inc.

Importance
Most organizations rely on computer-based services like email, databases, and web-based
applications. The failure of any of these services can mean lost productivity and revenue.
By understanding and using vSphere HA, you can configure highly available, computer-based
services, which are important for an organization to remain competitive in contemporary business
environments. And by developing skills in using vSphere DRS, you can improve service levels by
guaranteeing appropriate resources to virtual machines.
© 2020 VMware, Inc. VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage [V7] | 9-2
Module Lessons
1. vSphere Clusters Overview
2. vSphere DRS
3. Introduction to vSphere HA
4. vSphere HA Architecture
5. Configuring vSphere HA
6. Introduction to vSphere Fault Tolerance
Virtual Beans: vSphere Clusters
Virtual Beans has the following requirements for their data center:
• Infrastructure must be highly available:
– Business-critical applications: 99.99 percent available (downtime per year of 52.56 minutes)
– Nonbusiness-critical applications: 99 percent available (downtime per year of 3.65 days)
• Infrastructure must be scalable:
– Virtual Beans expects huge growth over the next three years, so the virtual infrastructure
must be easy to scale.
• Applications must perform well:
– Applications must have enough resources to meet performance levels as defined in the
service-level agreement.
As a Virtual Beans administrator, you create a vSphere cluster architecture for the data center
that is highly available, scalable, and high-performing.
Lesson 1: vSphere Clusters Overview
© 2020 VMware Inc. All rights reserved.

Learner Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to meet the following objectives:
• Describe the benefits of vSphere clusters
• Create a vSphere cluster
• View information about a vSphere cluster
About vSphere Clusters
A cluster is used in vSphere to share physical
resources between a group of ESXi hosts.
vCenter Server manages cluster resources as a
single pool of resources.
You can create one or more clusters based on
the purpose each cluster must fulfill, for
example:
• Management
• Production
• Compute
A cluster can contain up to 64 ESXi hosts.
Creating a vSphere Cluster and Enabling Cluster Features
When you create a cluster, you can enable one
or more cluster features:
• vSphere DRS
• vSphere HA
• vSAN
You can also manage image setup and updates
on all hosts collectively.
Configuring the Cluster Using Quickstart
After you create a cluster, you can use the Cluster Quickstart workflow to configure the cluster.
With Cluster Quickstart, you follow a step-by-step configuration wizard that makes it easy to
expand the cluster as needed.
Configuring the Cluster Manually
Alternatively, you can use the Configure tab to manually configure a cluster's settings.
© 2020 VMware, Inc. VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage [V7] | 9 - 10

Adding a Host to a Cluster
To add a host to a cluster, drag the host onto the cluster object in the inventory.

Viewing Cluster Summary Information
For a quick view of your cluster configuration, the Summary tab provides general information
about a cluster's resources and its consumers.

Monitoring Cluster Resources
You can view a report of total cluster CPU, memory, memory overhead, storage capacity, the
capacity reserved by VMs, and how much capacity remains available.

Review of Learner Objectives
• Describe the benefits of vSphere clusters
• Create a vSphere cluster
• View information about a vSphere cluster

Lesson 2: vSphere DRS

Learner Objectives
• Describe the functions of a vSphere DRS cluster
• Explain how vSphere DRS determines VM placement on hosts in the cluster
• Enable vSphere DRS in a cluster
• Monitor a vSphere DRS cluster

About vSphere DRS
vSphere DRS is a cluster feature that helps improve resource allocation across all hosts in a
cluster. It aggregates computing capacity across a collection of servers into logical resource
pools.
vSphere DRS is used in the following situations:
• Initial placement of a VM when it is powered on
• Load balancing
• Migrating VMs when an ESXi host is placed in maintenance mode

vSphere DRS: VM Focused
vSphere DRS is VM focused:
• While the VM is powered on, vSphere DRS operates on an individual VM basis by ensuring
that each VM's resource requirements are met.
• vSphere DRS calculates a score for each VM and gives recommendations (or migrates VMs)
for meeting VM's resource requirements.

About the VM DRS Score
The VM DRS score is a metric that tracks a VM’s execution efficiency on a given host.
Execution efficiency is the frequency that the VM is reported as having its resources requirements
met:
• Values closer to 0% indicate severe resource contention.
• Values closer to 100% indicate mild to no resource contention.

VM DRS Score List
The cluster's Monitor tab lists the VM DRS Score and more detailed metrics for all the VMs in the
cluster.

Viewing VM DRS Scores Using Performance Charts (1)
The advanced performance chart for a cluster object provides the DRS Score counter.

Viewing VM DRS Scores Using Performance Charts (2)
The DRS Score counter displays the DRS scores for VMs in the cluster over the selected time
period.

Viewing vSphere DRS Settings
When you click VIEW DRS
SETTINGS, the main vSphere
DRS parameters and their
current values are shown.
vSphere DRS settings include:
• Automation level
• Migration threshold

vSphere DRS Settings: Automation Level
You can configure the automation level for the initial placement of VMs and for dynamic balancing
while VMs are running.

vSphere DRS Settings: Migration Threshold
The migration threshold determines how aggressively vSphere DRS selects to migrate VMs.

vSphere DRS Settings: Predictive DRS
vSphere DRS and vRealize Operations
Manager combine data to predict future
demand and determine when and where high
resource utilization occurs.
To make predictive decisions, the vSphere DRS
data collector retrieves the following data:
• Resource usage statistics from ESXi hosts
• Predicted usage statistics from the vRealize
Operations Manager server
Predicted usage statistics always take
precedence over current usage statistics.

vSphere DRS Settings: VM Swap File Location
By default, swap files for a VM are on a datastore in the folder containing the other VM files.
For all VMs in the cluster, you can place VM swap files on an alternative datastore.
If vSphere DRS is enabled, you should place the VM swap file in the VM's directory.

vSphere DRS Settings: VM Affinity
vSphere DRS virtual machine
affinity rules specify that
selected VMs be placed either
on the same host (affinity) or on
separate hosts (anti-affinity):
• Affinity rules: Use for multi-
VM systems where VMs
communicate heavily with
one another.
• Anti-affinity rules: Use for
multi-VM systems where load
balancing or high availability
is desired.

vSphere DRS Settings: DRS Groups
VM groups and host groups are used in
defining VM-Host affinity rules.
The VM-Host affinity rule specifies whether VMs
can or cannot be run on a host.
Types of groups:
• VM group: One or more VMs
• Host group: One or more ESXi hosts
A VM can belong to multiple VM groups.
A host can belong to multiple host groups.

vSphere DRS Settings: VM-Host Affinity Rules
A VM-Host affinity rule:
• Defines an affinity (or anti-affinity)
relationship between a VM group and a host
group
• Is either a required rule or a preferential rule
Rule options:
• Must run on hosts in group
• Should run on hosts in group
• Must not run on hosts in group
• Should not run on hosts in group

VM-Host Affinity Preferential Rules
A preferential rule is softly enforced and can be violated if necessary.
Example: Separate VMs on different blade systems for improved performance.

VM-Host Affinity Required Rules
A required rule is strictly enforced and can never be violated.
Example: Enforce host-based ISV licensing.

vSphere DRS Settings: VM-Level Automation
You can customize the automation level for individual VMs in a cluster to override the automation
level set on the entire cluster.

vSphere DRS Cluster Requirements
ESXi hosts that are added to a vSphere DRS cluster must meet certain requirements to use
cluster features successfully:
• To use vSphere DRS for load balancing, the hosts in your cluster must be part of a vSphere
vMotion network:
– If the hosts are not part of a vSphere vMotion network, vSphere DRS can still make initial
placement recommendations.
– vSphere DRS works best if the VMs meet vSphere vMotion requirements.
• Configure all managed hosts to use shared storage.

Viewing vSphere DRS Cluster Resource Utilization
From the cluster's Monitor tab, you can view CPU, memory, and network utilization per host.

Viewing vSphere DRS Recommendations
The DRS Recommendations
pane displays information about
the vSphere DRS
recommendations made for the
cluster.
You can also view the faults that
occurred when the
recommendations were applied
and the history of vSphere DRS
actions.

Maintenance Mode and Standby Mode
Maintenance mode:
• Removes a host's resources from a cluster, making those
resources unavailable for use
• Is often used to service a host in a cluster
To place a host in maintenance mode:
• All running VMs on the host must be migrated to another host,
shut down or suspended.
• When DRS is in fully automated mode, powered-on VMs are
automatically migrated from a host that is placed in
maintenance mode.
Standby mode:
• Is used by vSphere DPM to optimize power usage. When a
host is placed in standby mode, it is powered off.

Removing a Host from the vSphere DRS Cluster
To remove a host from a cluster:
1. Place the host in maintenance mode.
2. Drag the host to a different inventory location, for example, the data center or another cluster.
The resources available for the cluster decrease.

vSphere DRS and Dynamic DirectPath I/O
Dynamic DirectPath I/O improves the vSphere
DirectPath I/O functionality by adding a layer of
abstraction between a VM and the physical PCI
device:
A pool of PCI devices that are available in the
cluster can be assigned to the VM.
vSphere DRS is aware of Dynamic DirectPath
I/O devices:
• When the VM is powered on, vSphere DRS
places the VM on any ESXi host that
provides the assigned PCI device.
• vSphere DRS takes action only at VM power
on and does not perform any load-balancing
actions.

Adding a Dynamic DirectPath I/O Device to a VM
You can add Dynamic
DirectPath I/O devices to a VM
by editing the VM's settings.

• Describe the functions of a vSphere DRS cluster
• Explain how vSphere DRS determines VM placement on hosts in the cluster
• Enable vSphere DRS in a cluster
• Monitor a vSphere DRS cluster

Lesson 3: Introduction to vSphere HA

Learner Objectives
• Identify options for configuring a highly available vSphere environment
• Describe how vSphere HA responds when an ESXi host, a virtual machine, or an application
fails

Protection at Every Level
With vSphere, you can reduce planned downtime, prevent unplanned downtime, and recover
rapidly from outages.

About vSphere HA
vSphere HA provides rapid recovery from outages and cost-effective high availability for
applications running in VMs. vSphere HA protects application availability in several ways.
Protects Against How Does vSphere HA Provide Protection?
ESXi host failure By restarting the VMs on other hosts within the cluster
VM failure By restarting the VM when a VMware Tools heartbeat is not
received within a set time
Application failure By restarting the VM when an application heartbeat is not received
within a set time
Datastore accessibility failure By restarting the affected VMs on other hosts that still can access
the datastores.
Network isolation By restarting VMs if their host becomes isolated on the
management or vSAN network. This protection is provided even if
the network becomes partitioned.

vSphere HA Scenario: ESXi Host Failure
When a host fails, vSphere HA restarts the impacted VMs on other hosts in the cluster.

vSphere HA Scenario: Guest Operating System Failure
When a VM stops sending heartbeats or the VM process (vmx) fails unexpectedly, vSphere HA
resets the VM.

vSphere HA Scenario: Application Failure
When an application fails, vSphere HA restarts the impacted VM on the same host.

vSphere HA Scenario: Datastore Accessibility Failures
If VM Component Protection (VMCP) is enabled, vSphere HA can detect datastore accessibility
failures and provide automated recovery for affected VMs.
You can determine the response that vSphere HA makes to such a failure, ranging from the
creation of event alarms to VM restarts on other hosts:
• All paths down (APD):
– Recoverable.
– Represents a transient or unknown accessibility loss.
– Response can be either Issue events, Power off and restart VMs - Conservative restart
policy, or Power off and restart VMs - Aggressive restart policy.
• Permanent device loss (PDL):
– Unrecoverable loss of accessibility.
– Occurs when a storage device reports that the datastore is no longer accessible by the host.
– Response can be either Issue events or Power off and restart VMs.

vSphere HA Scenario: Protecting VMs Against Network Isolation
vSphere HA restarts VMs if their host becomes isolated on the management or vSAN network.
Host network isolation occurs when a host is

still running, but it can no longer observe traffic
from vSphere HA agents on the management
network:
• The host tries to ping the isolation addresses.
An isolation address is an IP address or
FQDN that can be manually specified (the
default is the host's default gateway).
• If pinging fails, the host declares that it is
isolated from the network.
• This protection is provided even if the
network becomes partitioned.

Importance of Redundant Heartbeat Networks
Redundant heartbeat networks ensure reliable failure detection and minimize the chance of host-
isolation scenarios.
In a vSphere HA cluster, heartbeats have the following characteristics:
• They are sent between the master host and the subordinate hosts.
• They are used to determine whether a master host or a subordinate host has failed.
• They are sent over a heartbeat network.

Redundancy Using NIC Teaming
A heartbeat network is
implemented in the following
ways:
• By using a VMkernel port that
is marked for management
• By using a VMkernel port that
is marked for vSAN traffic
when vSAN is in use
You can use NIC teaming to
create a redundant heartbeat
network on ESXi hosts.

Redundancy Using Additional Networks
You can create redundancy by configuring more
heartbeat networks.
On each ESXi host, create a second VMkernel
port on a separate virtual switch with its own
physical adapter.
Redundant management networking supports
the reliable detection of failures and prevents
isolation or partition conditions from occurring,
because heartbeats can be sent over multiple
networks.

• Identify options for configuring a highly available vSphere environment
• Describe how vSphere HA responds when an ESXi host, a virtual machine, or an application
fails

Lesson 4: vSphere HA Architecture

Learner Objectives
• Identify the heartbeat mechanisms used by vSphere HA
• Describe failure scenarios
• Recognize vSphere HA design considerations

vSphere HA Architecture: Agent Communication
When vSphere HA is enabled in a cluster, the Fault Domain Manager (FDM) service starts on the
hosts in the cluster.

vSphere HA Architecture: Network Heartbeats
The master host sends periodic
heartbeats to the subordinate
hosts.
In this way, the subordinate
hosts know that the master host
is alive and the master host
knows that the subordinate
hosts are alive.

vSphere HA Architecture: Datastore Heartbeats
When the master host cannot
communicate with a
subordinate host over the
management network, the
master host uses datastore
heartbeating to determine the
cause:
• Subordinate host failure
• Network partition
• Network isolation

vSphere HA Failure Scenarios
vSphere HA can identify and respond to various types of failures:
• Subordinate host failure
• Master host failure
• Network failure (host isolation)
VMCP enables vSphere HA to detect and respond to datastore access failures:
• APD
• PDL

Failed Subordinate Hosts
When a subordinate host does
not respond to the network
heartbeat issued by the master
host, the master host tries to
identify the cause.

Failed Master Hosts
When the master host is placed
in maintenance mode or fails,
the subordinate hosts detect
that the master host is no longer
issuing heartbeats.

Isolated Hosts
A host is declared isolated when
the following conditions occur:
• The host is not receiving
network heartbeats.
• The host cannot ping its
isolation addresses.

VM Storage Failures
Storage connectivity problems might arise
because of:
• Network or switch failure
• Array misconfiguration
• Power outage
Storage connectivity problems affect VM
availability:
• VMs on affected hosts are difficult to
manage.
• Applications with attached disks fail.

Protecting Against Storage Failures with VMCP
VM Component Protection protects against storage failures on a VM.
• If VMCP is enabled, vSphere HA can detect datastore accessibility failures and provide
automated recovery for affected VMs.
• VMCP is not supported with vSAN.

vSphere HA Design Considerations
When designing your vSphere HA cluster, consider these guidelines:
• Implement redundant heartbeat networks and redundant isolation addresses:
– Redundancy minimizes host isolation events.
• Physically separate VM networks from the heartbeat networks.
• Implement datastores so that they are separated from the management network by using one
or both of the following approaches:
– Use Fibre Channel over fiber optic for your datastores.
– If you use IP storage, physically separate your IP storage network from the management
network.

• Identify the heartbeat mechanisms used by vSphere HA
• Describe failure scenarios
• Recognize vSphere HA design considerations

Lesson 5: Configuring vSphere HA

Learner Objectives
• Recognize the requirements for creating and using a vSphere HA cluster
• Configure a vSphere HA cluster

vSphere HA Prerequisites
To create a vSphere HA cluster, you must meet several requirements:
• All hosts must be configured with static IP addresses. If you are using DHCP, you must ensure
that the address for each host persists across reboots.
• All hosts must have at least one management network in common.
• For VM monitoring to work, VMware Tools must be installed in every VM.
• Only vSphere HA clusters that contain ESXi hosts 6.x and later can be used to enable VMCP.
• You must not exceed the maximum number of hosts that are allowed in a cluster.
See VMware Configuration Maximums at https://configmax.vmware.com.

Configuring vSphere HA Settings
When you create or configure a
vSphere HA cluster, you must
configure settings that
determine how the feature
works.

vSphere HA Settings: Failures and Responses
You use the Failures and
responses pane to configure a
cluster’s response if a failure
occurs.

vSphere HA Settings: VM Monitoring
You use VM Monitoring settings
to control the monitoring of
VMs.
By default, VM Monitoring is set
to Disabled.

vSphere HA Settings: Heartbeat Datastores
A heartbeat file is created on
the selected datastores and is
used if the management
network fails.

vSphere HA Settings: Admission Control
vCenter Server uses admission
control to ensure both that
sufficient resources are
available in a cluster to provide
failover protection and that VM
resource reservations are
respected.

Example: Admission Control Using Cluster Resources Percentage
Example of calculating total failover capacity
using cluster resource percentages:
• Total cluster capacity:
– CPU: 18 GHz
– Memory: 24 GB
• Total VM reservations:
– CPU: 7 GHz
– Memory: 6 GB
• Current failover CPU capacity is 61%:
((18 GHz - 7 GHz)/18 GHz) = 61%
• Current failover memory capacity is 75%:
((24 GB - 6 GB)/24 GB) = 75%

Example: Admission Control Using Slots (1)
A slot is calculated by combining the largest
memory reservation and the largest CPU
reservation of any running VM in the cluster.
vSphere HA performs admission control by
calculating the following values:
• Slot size:
– In this example, the slot size is 2 GHz
CPU and 2 GB memory.
• Number of slots each host in the cluster can
hold:
– Three
– The cluster has a total of nine slots (3 + 3
+ 3).

Example: Admission Control Using Slots (2)
vSphere HA also calculates the current failover capacity. In this example, the failover capacity is
one host:
• If the first host fails, six slots remain in the
cluster, which is sufficient for all five of the
powered-on VMs.
• If the first and second hosts fail, only three
slots remain, which is insufficient for all five
of the VMs.
• If the current failover capacity is less than the
configured failover capacity, vSphere HA
does not allow any more VMs to power on.

vSphere HA Settings: Performance Degradation VMs Tolerate
The Performance degradation VMs tolerate threshold specifies the percentage of performance
degradation that the VMs in the cluster are allowed to tolerate during a failure.

vSphere HA Setting: Default VM Restart Priority
The VM restart priority determines the order in
which vSphere HA restarts VMs on a running
host.
VMs are put in the Medium restart priority by
default, unless the restart priority is explicitly set
using VM overrides.
Exceptions:
• Agent VMs always start first, and the restart
priority is nonconfigurable.
• vSphere Fault Tolerance secondary VMs fail
over before regular VMs. Primary VMs follow
the normal restart priority.

vSphere HA Settings: Advanced Options
You can set advanced vSphere HA options to customize vSphere HA behavior.
Description Option Value

Force a cluster not to use the das.usedefaultisolationaddress false
default isolation address (default
gateway).
Force a cluster to ping alternate das.isolationaddressX IP address or FQDN
isolation addresses.
Force a cluster to wait beyond the fdm.isolationpolicydelaysec >=30 seconds
default 30-second isolation action
window.
Force maximum bound on the das.slotmeminmb 100
memory slot size.
Force maximum bound on the das.slotcpuinmhz 32
CPU slot size.

vSphere HA Settings: VM-Level Settings
You can customize the restart priority for individual VMs in a cluster to override the default level
set for the entire cluster.

About vSphere HA Orchestrated Restart
Orchestrated restart in vSphere HA enables five tiers for restarting VM and VM-VM
dependencies.
Choose from among the following conditions that must be met before a VM is considered ready:
• VM has resources secured.
• VM is powered on.
• VMware Tools heartbeat is detected.
• VMware Tools application heartbeat is detected.
VMs can be grouped into tiers indicating their startup priority:
• All VMs in the priority 1 tier receive their resources first and are powered on.
• After all the VMs in tier 1 have met their defined restart condition, vSphere HA continues to the
VMs in the priority 2 tier, and so on.

VM Dependencies in Orchestrated Restart (1)
VMs can depend only on other VMs of the same or higher priority. Only direct dependencies are
supported. VM-to-VM dependency is a hard rule. Creating cyclical dependencies causes VM
restart to fail.

VM Dependencies in Orchestrated Restart (2)
In vSphere 6.5 and later, vSphere HA restarts VMs only from a failed host. Configure affinity rules
to keep VMs on the same host if necessary.

Network Configuration and Maintenance
Disable host monitoring before
modifying virtual networking
components that involve the
VMkernel ports configured for
management or vSAN traffic.
This practice prevents
unwanted attempts to fail over
VMs.

Monitoring vSphere HA Cluster Status
You can monitor the status of a vSphere HA cluster on the Summary page of the Monitor tab.

Using vSphere HA with vSphere DRS
vSphere HA is closely integrated with vSphere DRS:
• When a failover occurs, vSphere HA checks whether resources are available on that host for
the failover.
• If resources are not available, vSphere HA asks vSphere DRS to accommodate for the VMs
where possible.
vSphere HA might not be able to fail over VMs for the following reasons:
• vSphere HA admission control is disabled, and resources are insufficient in the remaining hosts
to power on all the failed VMs.
• Sufficient aggregated resources exist, but they are fragmented across hosts. In such cases,
vSphere HA uses vSphere DRS to try to adjust the cluster by migrating VMs to defragment the
resources.

Lab 20: Using vSphere HA
Lab 21: Using vSphere DRS

• Recognize the requirements for creating and using a vSphere HA cluster
• Configure a vSphere HA cluster

Lesson 6: Introduction to vSphere Fault
Tolerance

Learner Objectives
• Describe the features and benefits of using vSphere Fault Tolerance
• Describe how vSphere Fault Tolerance works
• Describe how vSphere Fault Tolerance works with vSphere HA and vSphere DRS
• Enable vSphere Fault Tolerance using the vSphere Client

About vSphere Fault Tolerance
vSphere Fault Tolerance provides instantaneous failover and continuous availability:
• Zero downtime
• Zero data loss
• No loss of VM network connectivity

vSphere Fault Tolerance Features
vSphere Fault Tolerance protects mission-critical, high-performance applications regardless of the
operating system used.
vSphere Fault Tolerance:
• Supports VMs configured with up to 8 vCPUs and 128 GB memory
• Supports up to four fault-tolerant VMs per host with no more than eight vCPUs between them
• Supports vSphere vMotion migration for primary and secondary VMs
• Creates a secondary copy of all VM files and disks
• Provides fast checkpoint copying to keep primary and secondary VMs synchronized
• Supports multiple VM disk formats: thin provision, thick provision lazy-zeroed, and thick
provision eager-zeroed
• Can be used with vSphere DRS only when Enhanced vMotion Compatibility is enabled
• Supports interoperability with vSAN

vSphere Fault Tolerance with vSphere HA and vSphere DRS
vSphere HA and vSphere DRS are vSphere Fault Tolerance aware:
• vSphere HA:
– Is required for vSphere Fault Tolerance
– Restarts failed VMs
• vSphere DRS:
– Selects which hosts run the primary and secondary VM, when a VM is powered on
– Does not automatically migrate fault-tolerant VMs

Redundant VMDK Files
vSphere Fault Tolerance creates two complete VMs.
Each VM has its own .vmx configuration file and .vmdk files. Each VM can be on a different
datastore.

vSphere Fault Tolerance Checkpoint
Changes on the primary VM are not processed on the secondary VM. The memory is updated on
the secondary VM.

vSphere Fault Tolerance: Precopy
Using vSphere Fault Tolerance, a second VM is created on the secondary host. The memory of
the source VM is then copied to the secondary host.

vSphere Fault Tolerance Fast Checkpointing
The vSphere Fault Tolerance checkpoint interval is dynamic. It adapts to maximize the workload
performance.
vSphere Fault Tolerance Shared Files
vSphere Fault Tolerance has shared files. The shared.vmft file ensures that the primary VM
always retains the same UUID. The .ft-generation file is for the split-brain condition.
Enabling vSphere Fault Tolerance on a VM
You can turn on vSphere Fault
Tolerance for a VM using the
vSphere Client.
• Describe the features and benefits of using vSphere Fault Tolerance
• Describe how vSphere Fault Tolerance works
• Describe how vSphere Fault Tolerance works with vSphere HA and vSphere DRS
• Enable vSphere Fault Tolerance using the vSphere Client
Activity: Virtual Beans Clusters (1)
As a Virtual Beans administrator, you want to place ESXi hosts in a vSphere cluster for a scalable
and highly available infrastructure. Match the goal to the feature that helps achieve the goal.
Goal vSphere Feature
o Add ESXi hosts to the data center and let o vSphere HA
vSphere balance the load across the hosts. o VM scores
o Make business-critical applications 99.99 o Cluster Quickstart
percent available (downtime per year of
o vSphere Fault Tolerance
52.56 minutes).
o VM-Host affinity
o Identify VMs that are experiencing serious
resource contention.
o Improve the performance of certain VMs by
ensuring that they always run together on the
same host.
Activity: Virtual Beans Clusters (2)
As a Virtual Beans administrator, you want to place ESXi hosts in a vSphere cluster for a scalable
and highly available infrastructure. Match the goal to the feature that helps achieve the goal.
Virtual Beans Goals vSphere Feature

Add ESXi hosts to the data center and let vSphere balance the vSphere DRS
load across the hosts.
Make business-critical applications 99.99 percent available vSphere HA or vSphere Fault Tolerance
(downtime per year of 52.56 minutes).
Identify VMs that are experiencing serious resource contention. VM scores
Improve the performance of certain VMs by ensuring that they VM-Host affinity
always run together on the same host.
Key Points
• When you create a cluster, you can enable vSphere DRS, vSphere HA, vSAN, and the ability
to manage image updates on all hosts collectively.
• vSphere DRS clusters provide automated resource management to ensure that a VM's
resource requirements are satisfied.
• vSphere DRS works best when the VMs meet vSphere vMotion migration requirements.
• vSphere HA restarts VMs on the remaining hosts in the cluster.
• You implement redundant heartbeat networks either with NIC teaming or by creating additional
heartbeat networks.
• vSphere Fault Tolerance provides zero downtime for applications that must always be
available.
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Module 9: vSphere Clusters

© 2020 VMware, Inc.

© 2020 VMware Inc. All rights reserved.

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© 2020 VMware Inc. All rights reserved.

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© 2020 VMware Inc. All rights reserved.

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Host network isolation occurs when a host is

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