SIMPLIFIED CONCRETE MODELING

WITH
*MAT _CONCRETE_DAMAGE_REL3

LS-DYNA USER WEEK 2006

JAPAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE, LIMITED

29 - 30 November 2005
Nagoya, Japan

Len Schwer L. Javier Malvar

Schwer Engineering & Consulting Services Karagozian & Case Structural Engineers
Windsor CA USA Burbank CA USA
Len@Schwer.net malvarl@adelphia.net
 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

I. Simple Concrete Model Motivation

II. Mat 72R3 User Inputs
III. Laboratory Data & Mat 72R3 Comparisons

2
 APPLICATIONS with CONCRETE

STRUCTURES MODELING:

• Civilian
– Roadside Barrier Impacts
– Earthquake Response
• Defense
– Penetration & Perforation
– Blast Protection

3
 CONCRETE is COMPLEX
σ1
σ
Concrete
Concretehas
hasaa
Concreteisisporous
porous σ2
Concrete nonlinear
nonlinearpressure
pressure σ2
σ withaanonlinear
nonlinear
σ with dependent
dependentyield
yield
bulkmodulus.
bulk modulus. strength.
strength.
σ1 >σ2
450 500
450
400
400

Stress Difference [MPa]

350
Mat 72R3
350
Pressure [MPa]

300
300
250
250
200
200
Mat 72R3
150
150
100 100
50 50
0 0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Volume Strain Mean Stress [MPa]

Typical metal response.

4
 LS-DYNA CONCRETE MODELS
Soil and Foam Model (Mat 5)
THREE SIMPLIFIED
Pseudo-TENSOR (Mat 16) CONCRETE MODELS
Orientated Crack (Mat 17) ARE AVAILABLE
Geological Cap (Mat 25)
Concrete Damage (Mat 72)
Concrete Damage Rel3 (Mat 72R3) Simplified Model =
Brittle Damage (Mat 96) Minimum User Input
Soil Concrete (Mat 78) 1 or 2 Parameters
Winfrith Concrete (Mat 84)
Johnson Holmquist Concrete (Mat 111)
Schwer Murray Cap (Mat 145) Mat 25 Requires
CSCM Concrete (Mat 159) 12 User Inputs

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 MAT CONCRETE DAMAGE REL3

Mat 72R3 can be used either with complete user

specified inputs or internal parameter generation.

Internal parameter generation is based upon the

concrete’s unconfined compressive strength.

As an example, the concrete’s tensile strength is obtained

from the relation: 1/3
⎛ f ⎞
( )
2
′
f t′ = 1.58 ⎜⎜ ⎟
c
⎟
⎜ a0 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

6
 MAT 72R3 INPUTS
σ
Examplefor
Example foraa45.6
45.6MPa
MPaconcrete,
concrete,
thenon-zero
the non-zerouser
userinputs
inputsare:
are:

Card 1 – RO – concrete density (2.17E-3 g/mm^3)

Card 2 – A0 – negative of the unconfined compressive strength (-45.6 MPa)

Card 3 – RSIZE & UCF – conversion factors for length 3.972E-2 for
inches–to-millimeters and 145 for psi-to-MPa.

All of the other input parameters are blank, or zero.

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 MAT CONCRETE DAMAGE REL3
• Mat 72R3 generated parameters are written in keyword format to the LS-
DYNA “messag” file. This includes the required Equation-of-State.

• The user can modify these generated parameters, e.g. change the tensile
strength, and use the modified inputs to update the model parameters.

$
$--------------------------- MATERIAL CARDS ------------------------------------
$ LS-DYNA Keyword Generated Input for Release III
$ [Default values = K&C generic f'c=6580 psi concrete]
$ >>> Users need to change/check: MatID & RO & Rsize & LocWidth for units <<<
*MAT_Concrete_Damage_Rel3
$ MATID RO PR
72 2.120E-04 1.900E-01
$ f't A0 A1 A2 B1 OMEGA A1F
3.518E+00 1.182E+01 4.463E-01 2.020E-03 1.600E+00 5.000E-01 4.417E-01
$ sLambda NOUT EDROP RSIZE UCF LCRate LocWidth NPTS
1.000E+02 2.000E+00 1.000E+00 3.937E-02 1.450E+02 0.000E+00 2.540E+01 1.300E+01
$ Lambda01 Lambda02 Lambda03 Lambda04 Lambda05 Lambda06 Lambda07 Lambda08
0.000E+00 8.000E-06 2.400E-05 4.000E-05 5.600E-05 7.200E-05 8.800E-05 3.200E-04
$ Lambda09 Lambda10 Lambda11 Lambda12 Lambda13 B3 A0Y A1Y
5.200E-04 5.700E-04 1.000E+00 1.000E+01 1.000E+10 1.150E+00 8.928E+00 6.250E-01
$ Eta01 Eta02 Eta03 Eta04 Eta05 Eta06 Eta07 Eta08
0.000E+00 8.500E-01 9.700E-01 9.900E-01 1.000E+00 9.900E-01 9.700E-01 5.000E-01
$ Eta09 Eta10 Eta11 Eta012 Eta13 B2 A2F A2Y
1.000E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 1.350E+00 2.958E-03 6.438E-03
$

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45.6 MPa Concrete & MAT 72R3
IsotropicCompression
Isotropic CompressionTest
Test--Laboratory
LaboratoryData
Data(ICT)
(ICT)and
andMAT
MAT72R3
72R3

600

ICT
500
σ Mat 72R3
Pressure [MPa]

400

σ 300
σ
200

100

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Volume Strain

Also called a Hydrostatic Compression Test

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45.6 MPa Concrete & MAT 72R3
TriaxialCompression
Triaxial CompressionTest
Test--Laboratory
LaboratoryData
Dataand
andMAT
MAT72R3
72R3

600

Triaxial Failure Surface

500
σ1
Stress Difference [MPa]
Mat 72R3

400

σ2
σ2 300

200

σ1 >σ2 100

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Mean Stress [MPa]

Typically, 3 or more Triaxial Compression Tests are needed to

define the shear failure surface
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 45.6 MPa Concrete & MAT 72R3
UniaxialStrain
Uniaxial StrainTest
Test--Laboratory
LaboratoryData
Data(UXE)
(UXE)and
andMAT
MAT72R3
72R3

450

UXE
σ 350 Mat 72R3
Stress Difference [MPa]

ε=0 250

ε=0 150

50

-50 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

-150
Mean Stress [MPa]

A Uniaxial Strain Test exercises both

the cap and shear failure surfaces.
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45.6 MPa Concrete & MAT 72R3
DirectPull
Direct PullTest
Test--Laboratory
LaboratoryData
Dataand
andMAT
MAT72R3
72R3

0
-200 -150 -100 -50 0
Mat 72R3 -0.5
Ave f't

σ Test 01 -1
Axial Stress [MPa]

Test 02
-1.5
Test 03
Test 04 -2
Test 05
-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4

-4.5
Axial Strain [% times 10,000]

Also called a Uniaxial Tension Test

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 SUMMARY
••The
Thelatest
latestrelease
releaseofofthe
the Concrete
ConcreteDamage
DamageModel,
Model,
i.e.
i.e.Release
Release3, 3,provides
providesaarobust
robustrepresentation
representationof
of
complex
complexconcrete
concretelaboratory
laboratoryresponses.
responses.
••Mat
Mat72R3
72R3requires
requiresminimal
minimaluser
userinputs,
inputs,i.e.
i.e.
unconfined
unconfinedcompression
compressionstrength.
strength.
•Mat
•Mat72R3
72R3isisintended
intendedas asaa replacement
replacementfor
forMat
Mat72,
72,
although
althoughMat
Mat72 72isisretained
retainedfor
forbackward
backwardcompatibility.
compatibility.
••Users
Usersmay
maywant
wantto
toevaluate
evaluatethe
theother
othertwo
twominimal
minimal
input
inputconcrete
concretemodels:
models:Pseudo-TENSOR
Pseudo-TENSOR(Mat 16) and
(Mat16) and
CSCM
CSCMConcrete
Concrete(Mat
(Mat159)
159)

13
 REFERENCES
Malvar, L.J., Simons, D., “Concrete Material Modeling in Explicit
Computations,” Proceedings, Workshop on Recent Advances in
Computational Structural Dynamics and High Performance Computing,
USAE Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, April 1996, pages
165-194. (LSTC may provide this reference upon request.)

Malvar, L.J., Crawford, J.E., Wesevich, J.W., Simons, D., “A Plasticity

Concrete Material Model for DYNA3D,” International Journal of Impact
Engineering, Volume 19, Numbers 9/10, December 1997, pages 847-
873.

Malvar, L.J., Ross, C.A., “Review of Static and Dynamic Properties of

Concrete in Tension,” ACI Materials Journal, Volume 95, Number 6,
November-December 1998, pages 735-739.

Malvar, L.J., Crawford, J.E., Morrill, K.B., “K&C Concrete Material Model
Release III — Automated Generation of Material Model Input,” K&C
Technical Report TR-99-24-B1, 18 August 2000 (Limited Distribution).

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