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    Behaviour of Sound

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Freeh
    Sound is a pressure wave that requires a medium like air to travel through. It is transmitted through buildings in two ways: airborne transmission, where sound travels through air before reaching a surface, and structural-borne (or impact) transmission, where sound is generated on a surface. A single source can generate both types of transmission. Sound insulation aims to reduce the transmission of sound energy between adjoining spaces and depends on factors like mass, completeness/isolation, and stiffness of the structure. The sound reduction index and sound transmission class are common measures of sound insulation performance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Behaviour of Sound

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Freeh
    26 views15 pages
    Sound is a pressure wave that requires a medium like air to travel through. It is transmitted through buildings in two ways: airborne transmission, where sound travels through air before reaching a surface, and structural-borne (or impact) transmission, where sound is generated on a surface. A single source can generate both types of transmission. Sound insulation aims to reduce the transmission of sound energy between adjoining spaces and depends on factors like mass, completeness/isolation, and stiffness of the structure. The sound reduction index and sound transmission class are common measures of sound insulation performance.

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    Behaviour of sound

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    Sound is a pressure wave that requires a medium like air to travel through. It is transmitted through buildings in two ways: airborne transmission, where sound travels through air before reaching a surface, and structural-borne (or impact) transmission, where sound is generated on a surface. A single source can generate both types of transmission. Sound insulation aims to reduce the transmission of sound energy between adjoining spaces and depends on factors like mass, completeness/isolation, and stiffness of the structure. The sound reduction index and sound transmission class are common measures of sound insulation performance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views15 pages

    Behaviour of Sound

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Freeh
    Sound is a pressure wave that requires a medium like air to travel through. It is transmitted through buildings in two ways: airborne transmission, where sound travels through air before reaching a surface, and structural-borne (or impact) transmission, where sound is generated on a surface. A single source can generate both types of transmission. Sound insulation aims to reduce the transmission of sound energy between adjoining spaces and depends on factors like mass, completeness/isolation, and stiffness of the structure. The sound reduction index and sound transmission class are common measures of sound insulation performance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    1

    Sound is a pressure wave


    – Cannot exist in vacuum. Therefore, for it to
    exist it needs:
     a source (vibrating body to produce the
    pressure waves) and
     a medium (something for the pressure waves
    to move)
    – Is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum

    2
    Transmission of sound
    • Sound is transferred into building and between different
    parts of building by means of two ways.

    • It is necessary to identify the types of sound involved.


    • There are two ways in which sound can be transmitted.

    1. Air borne transmission


    2. Structural-borne transmission

    3
    • Air-borne sound is sound which travels through air
    before reaching a surface.
    – Typical sources of air-borne include voices, radios,
    musical instruments, traffic and aircraft.

    • Structural-borne or known as impact sound is sound


    generated on a surface.
    – Typical sources of impact sound include footsteps,
    slammed doors and windows, noisy pipes and
    vibrating machinery.

    4
    • A single source of noise may also generate both types of
    sound.

    • Example: footsteps on the floor would be heard mainly


    as impact sound in the room below, but as air-borne
    sound in the room above.

    • Sound can pass into a receiving room by flanking


    transmission.

    5
    • Sound Insulation
    Is a reduction sound energy transmitted into an
    adjoining space.
    Insulation is a method for controlling noise in buildings.

    The sound insulation of a structure depends upon its


    performance in reducing the airborne and impact sound
    transferred by all sound paths, direct or indirect.

    6
    • Sound Reduction Index (SRI)
    Is a measure of the insulation against the direct
    transmission of air-borne sound insulation.

    • STC  Sound Transmission Class


    is an integer rating of how well a building partition
    attenuates airborne sound

    7
    • Insulating Principles for a good sound insulation
    1. Mass
    2. Completeness  fullness, unity
    3. Stiffness  solidity
    4. Isolation

    8
    • Heavyweight structures transmit less sound than
    lightweight structures, because the sound waves on
    dense materials have vibrations of low amplitude and so
    the sound that is re-radiated into the air is of low amplitude.

    • The Mass Law


    The sound insulation of a structures is dependent on its
    mass per unit area. (material dense)
    Sound insulation depends on the frequency and the mass
    law also predicts that the sound insulation increases by
    about 5 dB whenever the frequency is doubled
    9
    • The completeness of the structure depends
    upon:
    Uniformity
    Air tightness

    10
    11
    Example: A wall of area
    18.0m2 contains a door of
    area 2.0m2. The SRI are
    50 dB for brickwork and
    18 dB for door. Calculate
    the overall SRI.

    Solution: Using SRI = 10 log (1/T)


    12
    = 10 log (1/ 0.001594) = 28 dB
    13
    Nature and Properties of Sound

    vibration of the sound source


    The wave moves forward by one wavelength.
    The number of vibrations per second therefore indicates the total
    length moved in 1 second; which is the same as velocity.

    This relationship is true for all wave motions and can be written as
    the following formula.

    v=ƒxλ
    where
    v = velocity in m/s
    ƒ = frequency in Hz
    λ = wavelength in m
    14
    Examples

    • A particular sound wave has a frequency of 440Hz and a


    velocity of 340m/s. Calculate the wavelength of this
    sound.

    Using : v=fxλ
    340 = 440 x λ
    λ = 340 / 440 = 0.773m

    15

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