Energy Systems Simulation LAB: Laboratory Report On

LABORATORY REPORT ON
ENERGY SYSTEMS SIMULATION

LAB
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CET BHUBANESWAR
SUBMITTED BY: –
ADITYA KU. BEHERA
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M. TECH, 1ST YEAR
ENERGY SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED TO: -
PROF. ULLASH KUMAR ROUT
PROF. AJIT KUMAR BARISAL
Ms. SABITA CHAINE
Modelling & Simulation of Solar PV system at different Irradiance levels
and different Temperatures
Table of content
S.no Name of the Experiments Page no Remarks
1. Modeling and simulation of a solar PV 3-9

system different irradiance levels and
different temperature.
2. Modeling and simulation of wind 10-14

energy conversion system for different
wind speeds.
3. Modeling and simulation standalone 15-23

wind -PV hybrid system.
4. simulation of the MPPT for solar PV 24-29

systems
5. Design and simulation of grid connected 30-33

wind energy systems with MPPT.
6. Simulation of Load forecasting in 34-39

micro-grid environment
7. Simulation of Wind power forecasting 40-44

in micro-grid environment
8. Simulation of Solar power forecasting 45-50

in micro-grid environment.
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AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT-1
Modelling and simulation of solar PV system at different irradiance levels and

different temperatures.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of the work are as follows:
• To simulate a solar PV system using MATLAB program to at different irradiance

levels and different temperatures.
• To study about the solar energy sources separately or simultaneously based on the
given parameters.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
MATLAB 2019b
THEORY
The concept of using renewable energy sources emerged from the need to search
for alternate green sources of energy. In order to diminish the greenhouse effect and slow
the depletion of fossil fuel, the solar energy has been developed. Photo-voltaic (PV) power
systems are becoming increasingly important in modern electrical grids. In recent years,
PV power systems have drawn significant research attention in modelling and simulation
studies for stand-alone and grid-tied systems. PV module is the basic building block to
construct the PV systems. The conventional technique to model the solar cell is to establish
the mathematical expression based on the equivalent circuits of the cell. A solar cell
consists of layers of semiconductor materials that exploit the photoelectric effect to convert
the photon energy of the sun radiation into electricity. In terms of power electronics, the
solar cell can be considered as a current source that exhibits non-linear characteristics.
There are different type of PV array combinations. They are Series (S), Series-
Parallel (S-P) and Honey-Comb (H-C) PV array configurations. Various shading
conditions are considered to compare the performance of PV array configurations. As the
number of PV modules shaded per string and the number of strings shaded in a PV array
increases, the maximum power generation capability decreases. The maximum power
generated and mismatching power loss is calculated under all shading conditions for each

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PV array configuration. Honey-Comb (H-C) PV array configuration is the most
appropriate PV configuration for the generation of maximum power compared to Series
(S) and Series-Parallel (S–P) PV array configurations.
The performance and efficiency of PV systems depend on many factors; such as

solar irradiation, temperature, aging effect, potential induced degradation effects etc. In
general, the variations in solar irradiation and temperature will be considered as the most
affecting factors of PV generation systems. The temperature has an enormous effect on
aging of PV modules. If the PV modules are subjected to higher temperatures, it can lead
to module delamination, creation of bubbles, corrosion etc. PV array configuration is one
of the finest keys that can considerably decreases the mismatching and power losses under
PSCs PV array configuration is one of the finest keys that can considerably decreases the
mismatching and power losses under PSCs. It is based on the various electrical
interconnection techniques between the PV modules. It is based on the various electrical
interconnection techniques between the PV modules.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Simulation model of PV array

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Simulation model of complete PV arrangement
Model for Reverse Saturation Current
Model for Shunt Current

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Model for Saturation Current
Model for Photo Current
Model for PV Current

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WAVEFORM
Output voltage waveform of PV array
Output voltage waveform of buck converter
V-I Characteristics at different Temperature

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V-I Characteristics at different Irradiance
P-V characteristics with different irradiance
P-V characteristics with different temperature

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RESULT ANALYSIS
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLAR IRRADIATION
The Voltage vs. Power characteristics and Voltage Vs Current characteristics of a

solar cell are mainly dependents upon the solar irradiation. If there is change in the
environmental condition, then the solar irradiation level change which results different
maximum power. So maximum power point tracking algorithm are used to maintain the
maximum power constant if there is any change in the solar irradiation level. If the solar
irradiation level is higher, then the input to the solar sell is more which results more
magnitude of the power with the same voltage value. Also when there is increase in the
solar irradiation the open circuit voltage increases. Because, when there is more solar light
fall on the solar cell, with higher excitation energy the electrons are supplied, they increase
the mobility level of electron and more power is generated.
TEMPERATURE VARIATION EFFECT ON THE PV MODULE
According to the variation of temperature also the output of the PV cell varies. When
the temperature of the solar cell increases the power generation capability also change
which is an undesirable feature. With the increase in temperature the open circuit voltage
decreases which results increase in the band gap so more energy is required to cross the
barrier. As a result, the solar cell decreases its efficiency.
CONCLUSION
PV module is modelled and simulated with fixed irradiation and temperature.

And the output voltage is given to the buck converter. A buck converter is designed and
simulated and the gate pulse of the high frequency switch of the buck converter is also
controlled.

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Modelling and Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion for different Wind
Speeds.
Modelling and simulation of wind energy conversion for different wind speeds.
OBJECTIVE
• To simulate wind energy conversion system using MATLAB program to show the
output energy for the experiment.
• To study about the output energy for different wind speeds.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Using MATLAB R2019b software

2. Simulink toolbox available in the MATLAB environment.
THEORY
Wind is one of the promising renewable source of energy to meet the growing
energy demand. Wind is air in motion and this energy is derived from solar energy. Wind
in general is produced by the uneven solar heating of the earth’s atmosphere. The wind
concentration varies according to the place and area. In the mountain and sea area wind
concentration is high compared to other areas of the earth. This variation of speed of wind
on earth are affected the production of wind energy in the plant.
The amount of power production depends on the wind concentration and wind
velocity at the blade of the wind mill. In places or areas where large amount of air passes
and that not create any effect on blade rotation, minimum 15km/hr. of speed is required to
generate electricity in the wind power generation plant. The kinetic energy of the wind is
used to impart rotational motion to the wind turbine. The shaft of the wind turbine is
coupled to the shaft of the electric generator. The electric generator can provide power
over a region acting as standalone or providing power to the grid.
This presents modelling and analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

(WECS) using MATLAB version R2016a. This paper gives the modelling of the various
component wind turbine, generator, controller system, rectifier-inverter, battery, other load
equipment including transformer and grid that together form the wind energy
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Speeds.
conversion system. A test case for the Wind Energy Conversion System has been formed
with the aid of the MATLAB version R2016a and also suggest the ways of improving the
stability of the wind energy system (WECS) on interface with the grid.
CIRCUIT DIADRAM

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Speeds.
WAVEFORM

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Speeds.

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Speeds.
RESULT ANALYSIS
Using MATLAB/SIMULINK, following results are obtained. Form the results we

infer that considerable harmonics in the current can be reduced by employing control
system with torque controller for speed regulation. The basic speed of wind is 12m/s and
pitch angle is set at 200. This model is better adapted to stimulation the low frequency
electro-mechanical oscillations over long periods of time.
CONCLUSION
This experiment describes a wind energy conversion system with variable speed
wind generation. Computer simulation was conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The
test results from analysis of WEC system indicates that design of control system with
suitable torque controller can improve the performance of the system. The performance of
the developed system is evaluated in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and the results are
presented.

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Modelling and Simulation of Standalone Wind PV Hybrid System
Modelling and stimulation of standalone wind PV hybrid system.
OBJECTIVE
• To simulate a standalone wind PV hybrid system using MATLAB program to show

the output energy for the experiment.
• To study about the wind energy and solar energy sources separately or
simultaneously based on the given parameters.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Using MATLAB R2019b software.
2. SIMULINK toolbox available in the MATLAB environment.
THEORY
Solar PV power station is planned and located at the load centre. Its complete
electricity generation is meant to meet the electrical load of any remote area, village or
installation. Energy is essential to meet the requirement during non-sunshine hours. The
maximum power point tracker (MPPT) senses the voltage and current outputs from the
solar array and then suitably adjusts the operating point to obtain maximum power output
from the solar array as possible from the climatic conditions. The solar electric output in
direct current is converted into alternating current and it is fed into the load. The excess
power is preferably stored by charging the battery and otherwise excess is dumped in the
electric heaters. When the sun radiation is unavailable, the batteries supply the electricity
through the converter.
Among all the renewable energy resources, the solar and wind energies have the
great potential as a power generating energy source, because of their many advantages like
low or zero emission of pollutant gases, low cost, inexhaustible sources and easy
availability of these energy sources. But these systems have some disadvantages also like
dependency on weather conditions.
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In this section the Simulink model of hybrid power system based on PV module,
wind turbine, and diesel generator set is described. The proposed system is consisting of a
PV module, boost converter, inverter, wind turbine, synchronous generator, diesel
generator set and battery. In this paper we are also comparing the performance analysis of
PV/wind/Diesel hybrid system with PV/wind/battery hybrid power system.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WAVEFORM

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RESULT ANALYSIS
Using MATLAB/SIMULINK, results for output voltage and output current are
obtained. By integration of the two sources overall energy output improves. Initially due
to transient state, some spikes appear in the voltage and current waveforms but later on
steady state is achieved. Voltage and frequency fluctuations and harmonics are the major
power quality issue for a standalone system which can be resolved to a large extent by
having proper design, advance fast response control facilities and good optimization of the
hybrid system.
CONCLUSION
This experiment describes a hybrid energy system with variable speed with
generation, photovoltaic system along with power electric interface under standalone
mode. Computer simulation was conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK. In the
standalone mode the performance of the system is elevated for various wind speeds and
various solar irradiation levels. Due to wind speed and solar irradiation AC voltage varies.
Battery system is used to maintain the balance between the source and load. The
performance of the developed system is evaluated in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and
the results are presented.

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Simulation of MPPT based Solar PV system
Simulation of MPPT based solar PV system.
OBJECTIVE
• To simulate a MPPT based solar PV system using MATLAB program to show the
output energy for the experiment.
• To study about the solar energy sources separately or simultaneously based on the
given parameters.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
MATLAB R2019b
THEORY
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or sometimes just power point tracking
(PPT) is a technique used commonly with wind turbines and photo-voltaic (PV) solar
systems to maximize power extraction under all conditions. Although solar power is
mainly covered, the principle applies generally to sources with variable power: for
example, optical power transmission and thermo photovoltaics.
PV solar systems exist in many different configurations with regard to their

relationship to inverter systems, external grids, battery banks, or other electrical loads.
Regardless of the ultimate destination of the solar power, though, the central problem
addressed by MPPT is that the efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on
both the amount of sunlight falling on the solar panels and the electrical characteristics of
the load. As the amount of sunlight varies, the load characteristic that gives the highest
power transfer efficiency changes, so that the efficiency of the system is optimized when
the load characteristic changes to keep the power transfer at highest efficiency. This load
characteristic is called the maximum power point (MPP).
MPPT is the process of finding this point and keeping the load characteristic there.
Electrical circuits can be designed to present arbitrary loads to the photo-voltaic cells and
then convert the voltage, current, or frequency to suit other devices or systems, and MPPT

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solves the problem of choosing the best load to be presented to the cells in order to get the
most usable power out.
Solar cells have a complex relationship between temperature and total resistance that
produces a non-linear output efficiency which can be analysed based on the I-V curve. It
is the purpose of the MPPT system to sample the output of the PV cells and apply the
proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given environmental
conditions. MPPT devices are typically integrated into an electric power converter system
that provides voltage or current conversion, filtering, and regulation for driving various
loads, including power grids, batteries, or motors.
• Solar inverters convert the DC power to AC power and may incorporate MPPT: such
inverters sample the output power (I-V curve) from the solar modules and apply the
proper resistance (load) so as to obtain maximum power.
• The power at the MPP (Pmpp) is the product of the MPP voltage (Vmpp) and MPP
current (Impp).
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SOLAR MPPT

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SUB-CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SOLAR PANEL
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF BOOST CONVERTER

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MPPT ALGORITHM
function duty = MPPT_algorithm(vpv,ipv,delta)

% I used the MPPT algorithm in the MATLAB examples
% I only modify somethings.
duty_init = 0.1;
% min and max value are used to limit duty between
% 0 and 0.85
duty_min=0;
duty_max=0.85;
persistent Vold Pold duty_old;
% persistent variable type can be store the data
% we need the old data by obtain difference
% between old and new value
if isempty(Vold)
Vold=0;
Pold=0;
duty_old=duty_init;
end
P= vpv*ipv; % power
dV= vpv - Vold; % difference between old and new voltage
dP= P - Pold;% difference between old and new power
% the algorithm in below search the dP/dV=0

% if the derivative equal to zero
% duty will not change
% if old and new power not equal
% &
% pv voltage bigger than 30V
% the algorithm will works
if dP ~= 0 && vpv>30
if dP < 0
if dV < 0
duty = duty_old - delta;
else
duty = duty_old + delta;
end
else
if dV < 0
duty = duty_old + delta;
else
duty = duty_old - delta;
end
end
else
duty = duty_old;
end
%the below if limits the duty between min and max

if duty >= duty_max
duty=duty_max;
elseif duty<duty_min
duty=duty_min;
end
% stored data
duty_old=duty;
Vold=vpv;
Pold=P;
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WAVEFORMS

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RESULT ANALYSIS
obtained. In the simulation model with p & o algorithm technique was first run by using
a switch without tracking technique mode. Another one with perturb & observe algorithm
MPPT technique. The result coming with perturbs & observes algorithm MPPT technique
(PI controller) is feeding the reference voltage and compute by the P&O method. The
conversion efficiency came out to be increase with using MPPT technique.
CONCLUSION
From the above experiment we have studied the operation and simulation of a
MPPT based solar PV system.

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Design and Simulation of Grid Connected Wind Energy System with
MPPT.
Design and simulation of grid connected wind energy system with MPPT.
OBJECTIVE
• To simulate a grid connected wind energy system with MPPT using MATLAB
program to show the output energy for the experiment.
• To study about the wind energy sources separately or simultaneously based on the
given parameters.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
MATLAB 2019b
THEORY
The wind energy system extracts the wind energy and it to the electrical energy.
The output power of wind energy system varies depend on the wind speed. Due the non-
linear characteristic of the wind turbine, it is a challenging task to maintain the maximum
power output of the wind turbine for all wind speed conditions. There are extensive
researches concerning with the approaches to track the maximum power point of the wind
turbine called as MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control. There are three
common MPPT methods i.e.:
(a) Perturbation and observation (P&O) or hill climbing searching (HCS)
(b) Wind speed measurement (WSM)
(c) Power signal feedback.
In the P&O method, the rotor speed is perturbed by a small step then the power
output is observed to adjust the next perturbation on the rotor speed. a constant step is
introduced in the perturbation process. A variable step is employed in grid system by
considering the slope of power changes. an advanced hill-climbing searching is proposed
to work with different level of turbine inertia by detecting the inverter output power and
inverter dc-link voltage. It is the most common technique used in MPPT control.

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MPPT.
In the WSM method, the wind speed and rotor speed are measured and used to
determine the optimum tip speed ratio (TSR). Here fuzzy logic control is employed to
enhance the performance by dealing the parameter insensitivity. This method is quite
simple to operate.
The PSF method tracks the maximum power by reading the current power output
to determine the control mechanism to follow the maximum power curve stored in
Lookup-table. A fuzzy logic control is developed to overcome the uncertainties of the
power curves. This method is difficult and expensive to be implemented.
Since wind speed varies unpredictable, it is convenient to develop the model to

simulate the wind energy systems. The model usually consists of wind generation model,
converter model (DC-DC buck converter), load/battery model, and controller (MPPT
controller) model.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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MPPT.
WAVEFORMS
WIND POWER 1
WIND POWER 2

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MPPT.
RESULT ANALYSIS
obtained. For the sake of simulation, a linear wind profile is imposed, in order to easily
observe the power generated by the wind turbine and by the electric generator (PMSG),
as well as the power delivered to the utility grid. Considering the MPPT control algorithm,
the resulting wind-turbine developed torque is given in. This torque has to be imposed in
the vector-control loop for the wind generator (PMSG). The active and reactive electric
powers generated by the PMSG are shown. It can be seen that
(i) The power of the wind turbine and the active power of the PMSG are quite
close; this is due to analysing an ideal wind energy conversion system
(ii) Small amount of reactive power is delivered by the PMSG to the DC-link
circuit.
CONCLUSION
From the above experiment we have determined output waveform of voltage,

current and power of the wind energy system on maximal condition, so grid connected
wind energy system will always produce maximal energy.

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To Simulate Load Forecasting in Micro Grid Environment
To simulate load forecasting in micro grid environment.
OBJECTIVE
• To simulate a load forecasting micro grid system using MATLAB program to show
• To study about the energy sources with micro grid for the given parameters.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
MATLAB 2019b
THEORY
A micro grid is a small energy system capable of balancing captive supply and demand
resources to maintain stable service within a defined boundary. Micro grids are defined by
their function, not their size. They combine various distributed energy resources like solar
PV system and wind turbines to form a whole system. They can operate independently or
in parallel with the traditional power grid.
Micro grids are laid out in a modular manner making expansion and updating
efficiency. By being smaller and closer to source demand and being able to use power
generation more specific to the needs of the entities participating in the micro grid.
There is a variety of experiments reported which apply load forecasting methods to

very different geographical areas: nations, regions and big metropolitan areas. In the work
by Hsu et al. peak and valley loads are forecasted for the city of Taiwan, which presents
5500–9000 MW loads. Taylor et al. present load forecasts for England and Wales, with
30,000–45,000 MW consumption. In Chu et al., the Taiwan Power Company
(Taipower)—through Heat Index (HI)—perform peak load forecasting with values over
33,000 MW. In the chosen areas for load forecasting are large provinces, which present
high electric power consumption. Rejc et al. apply a novel short-term active-power-loss
forecast method for Slovenia, which has a consumption of 950–1550 MW. Nose-Filho et
al. analysed a New Zealand distribution subsystem and performed forecasting using data
from several nodes in an electrical network system; consumption data, however, are still

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high: 150–300 MW. Kebriaei et al. present a forecasting method based on fuzzy logic and
an ANN, and proposes a modified RBF, which uses genetic algorithms to estimate the
weights for the network in a Mazandaran area in Iran, with consumption ranging 800–
1550 MW.
The features of the aggregated load curve of a large (metropolitan, regional or

national) area are much different from the aggregated load curve of a micro grid, and
therefore, their results cannot be directly extrapolated to micro grid environments. While
the solutions studied in the literature present sometimes good prediction efficiency figures
they deal almost exclusively with big areas, and mainly entire countries, and they are never
applied to smaller environments of the size of small cities or micro grids. Therefore, they
do not give any evidence of how will they behave when applied to highly variable load
curves.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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RESULT
FIG 1: Analysis of the dataset showing components 8 and 9; (b) Example of identified
outlier daily consumption patterns: Blue and red are faulty data; Green is a correct (but
abnormal) pattern.
FIG 2: Error per day (without bad measures). In the x axis are days in the y axis are the
errors.

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FIG 3: Load Forecasts with Low Mean Error

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RESULT ANALYSIS
In the above figures the simulation of load forecasting is shown on three different
dates. The error occurring due to daily calculations is also analysed. In the above figures
it is shown that while on an average working day the load is similar on a holiday the load
becomes light. On fig 1 it is shown that the true predictor shows a different and abnormal
behaviour than an expected graph. In all the above diagrams the load forecasting is studied
taking into various accounts and then their graphs are plotted.
CONCLUSION
In this paper we studied about load forecasting in a Micro grid environment on daily
basis while considering all the error conditions and a true predictor. We simulated the
model in MATLAB and found out various waveforms concerning working days and
holidays.

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Simulation of Wind Power Forecasting in Micro Grid Environment.
To simulate wind power forecasting in micro grid environment.
OBJECTIVE
• To simulate a load forecasting micro grid system using MATLAB program to show
• To study about the energy sources with micro grid for the given parameters.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
MATLAB 2019b
THEORY
A micro grid is a small energy system capable of balancing captive supply and demand
resources to maintain stable service within a defined boundary. Micro grids are defined by
their function, not their size. They combine various distributed energy resources like solar
PV system and wind turbines to form a whole system. They can operate independently or
in parallel with the traditional power grid. Micro grids are laid out in a modular manner
making expansion and updating efficiency. By being smaller and closer to source demand
and being able to use power generation more specific to the needs of the entities
participating in the micro grid.
In this paper a short term (24-h ahead) wind power forecasting using a double stage
ANFIS model is presented. The prediction system uses the meteorological predictions on
the NWP model and the actual measurement records of windfarm SCADA database. The
proposed architecture has two hierarchical ANFIS stages. In the first stage the wind turbine
is modelled by a PSO-ANFIS black box to develop a relationship between the predicted
NWP meteorological variables and actual wind speed measurements recorded by
windfarm SCADA. In the second stage ANFIS model is developed to map the wind turbine
wind speed vs the wind power characteristics based on the real operational conditions.
Then the forecasted wind speed by the ANFIS model in the first stage is applied to the

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developed model in the second stage in order to forecast the next day power characteristics
of the wind farm.
This approach however limits itself for a short period of time. For large period
forecasting each and every data during that period should be considered. For an example
for a power forecasting of one year the SCADA system must have the data of wind power
demand for 365 days of the year. This includes the working days’ data and holidays data.
After which a fuzzy is developed which will be able to able transfer the system to a desired
output.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
RESULT
FIG 1: Actual power vs Forecasted Wind Power for a winter day

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FIG 2: Actual wind power vs Forecasted wind power for a spring day
FIG 3: Actual wind power vs Forecasted wind power for a summer day
FIG 4: Actual wind power vs Forecasted wind power for an Autumn Day

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RESULT ANALYSIS
In the above experiment we used a double layered ANFIS model to forecast wind
power from a series of given data. The first ANFIS which is developed first is fed into the
second ANFIS which then used to forecast the wind power for a given set of real time
SCADA measurements. In the process we achieve the optimum solution which we see
with minimum error in all weather conditions. This method adopted is one of the best with
having only 8 secs of computational time. This is simulated and results are plotted.
CONCLUSION
In this paper we studied about wind power forecasting in a micro grid environment on
daily basis while considering all the error conditions and all weather conditions. We
simulated the model in MATLAB and found out various waveforms concerning working
days and holidays.

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Simulation of Solar Power Forecasting in Micro Grid Environment
Simulation of Solar power forecasting in micro grid environment.
OBJECTIVE
• To simulate a solar power forecasting micro grid system using MATLAB program
to show the output energy for the experiment.
• To study about the solar energy sources with micro grid for the given parameters.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Using MATLAB R2019b software.
2. SIMULINK toolbox available in the MATLAB environment.
THEORY
A micro grid is a small energy system capable of balancing captive supply and
demand resources to maintain stable service within a defined boundary. Micro grids are
defined by their function, not their size. They combine various distributed energy resources
like solar PV system and wind turbines to form a whole system. They can operate
independently or in parallel with the traditional power grid.
Micro grids are laid out in a modular manner making expansion and updating
efficiency. By being smaller and closer to source demand and being able to use power
generation more specific to the needs of the entities participating in the micro grid.
Photovoltaic systems are often placed into a micro grid, a local electricity
distribution system that is operated in a controlled way and includes both electricity users
and renewable electricity generation. A modern micro grid comprises of multiple types of
energy storage batteries, or a combination of energy storage, renewable and diesel backup,
to ensure reliability and compatibility. Using MATLAB/SIMULINK we can model a Solar
PV based micro grid system and study in detailed the performances in various modes.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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RESULT
(Output voltage and current of the load in mode)

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(output voltage, source of charge and output current graph in mode 1)

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(Output power vs simulation time graph of PV, load and battery during the entire
simulation)

Roll No-20040000956
Regn. No:- 2007106079
RESULT ANALYSIS
The output V-I graphs of the load and battery obtained during simulation of each
modes represent the performance of the system under specified conditions of battery
charging and discharging. Mode 1 is from 0 to 1.3 sec simulation time during which the
PV output is optimum and it supplies both to load and charges the battery. Mode 2 runs
from 1.3 to 2 during which the PV only supplies the load. Mode 3 runs from 2.0 to 2.4 sec
during which the battery supplies the load. Mode 4 runs from 2.4 to 2.8 sec during which
the PV and battery both supply to the increased load.
CONCLUSION
The paper dealt with the energy management algorithm for a PV based micro grid
with battery storage system. The entire simulation was performed in Matlab Simulink
environment. Using MATLAB/SIMULINK, the performance and efficiency of the model
was analysed in different modes. The proposed micro grid, based on hybrid energy
resources, operates in autonomous mode and allows to perform testing for multiple
different control configurations.

Roll No-20040000956
Regn. No:- 2007106079

Energy Systems Simulation LAB: Laboratory Report On

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LABORATORY REPORT ON

ENERGY SYSTEMS SIMULATION

ENERGY SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

S.no Name of the Experiments Page no Remarks

1. Modeling and simulation of a solar PV 3-9

2. Modeling and simulation of wind 10-14

3. Modeling and simulation standalone 15-23

4. simulation of the MPPT for solar PV 24-29

5. Design and simulation of grid connected 30-33

6. Simulation of Load forecasting in 34-39

7. Simulation of Wind power forecasting 40-44

8. Simulation of Solar power forecasting 45-50

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera Page|2

Modelling and simulation of solar PV system at different irradiance levels and

The objectives of the work are as follows:

• To simulate a solar PV system using MATLAB program to at different irradiance

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera Page|3

The performance and efficiency of PV systems depend on many factors; such as

Simulation model of PV array

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera Page|4

Simulation model of complete PV arrangement

Model for Reverse Saturation Current

Model for Shunt Current

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera Page|5

Model for Saturation Current

Model for Photo Current

Model for PV Current

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera Page|6

Output voltage waveform of PV array

Output voltage waveform of buck converter

V-I Characteristics at different Temperature

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera Page|7

V-I Characteristics at different Irradiance

P-V characteristics with different irradiance

P-V characteristics with different temperature

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera Page|8

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLAR IRRADIATION

The Voltage vs. Power characteristics and Voltage Vs Current characteristics of a

TEMPERATURE VARIATION EFFECT ON THE PV MODULE

PV module is modelled and simulated with fixed irradiation and temperature.

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera Page|9

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT-2

The objectives of the work are as follows:

1. Using MATLAB R2019b software

This presents modelling and analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Name: Aditya Kumar Behera P a g e | 10

Name: Aditya Kumar Behera P a g e | 11

Name: Aditya Kumar Behera P a g e | 12

Name: Aditya Kumar Behera P a g e | 13

Using MATLAB/SIMULINK, following results are obtained. Form the results we

Name: Aditya Kumar Behera P a g e | 14

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT-3

Modelling and stimulation of standalone wind PV hybrid system.

The objectives of the work are as follows:

• To simulate a standalone wind PV hybrid system using MATLAB program to show

1. Using MATLAB R2019b software.

2. SIMULINK toolbox available in the MATLAB environment.

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera P a g e | 15

Name: Aditya Ku. Behera P a g e | 16