8 Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Division of Pagadian City

Math
Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Factoring Polynomials

Learning Activity Sheets

(Extracted/Modified from CO/RO10 SLMs)

Name:
Year Level:
Grade & Section:

DO_Q1_MATH8_ Module 2
MATHEMATICS 8 (Quarter 1 Module 2)

Lesson
Factoring:
2 General Trinomials

What’s In
You have learned how to factor perfect square trinomials in the
previous lesson. You have determined factors for perfect square trinomials
and known that not all trinomials are perfect square. In this lesson, you will
factor trinomials that are not perfect squares. These polynomials are called
general trinomials.

What’s New
A trinomial which is not a perfect square trinomial may be a quadratic
trinomial in the form of ax 2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are constants and a≠0.

There are two types of quadratic trinomial in the form ax 2 + bx + c .

1. ax 2 + bx + c , a=1
2. ax 2 + bx + c , a≠1

(Partible, et al., 2013)

Before we proceed to our examples let us first recall the rules of integers,
for you to easily find the factors of our trinomials.

Rules for Integers

ADDITION SUBTRACTION
(+) and (+) = (+)
(-) and (-) = (-) Change the sign of the
subtrahend then proceed to
addition rules.
subtract, then copy
(+) and (-) =the sign of the Ex: 5 - (-4)
(-) and (+) =bigger number Subtrahend is -4 , change it to +4

MULTIPLICATION and DIVISION

(+) and (+) = (+) (+) and (-) = (-)
(-) and (-) = (+) (-) and (+) = (-)

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 What Is It
Factoring trinomials ax 2 + bx + c , where a= 1

We will study first how trinomials whose leading coefficient is 1 are

being factored.

1. Factor d 2 + 5d + 6

Solution: a. List all the possible factors of 6

Factors of 6
6 1
3 2
-6 -1
-3 -2

b. From your list of possible factors, find a pair whose sum is 5 (which
is the middle term).

 6+ 1 =7 3 and 2 is the pair that we wanted to find

 3 +2 =5 whose sum is 5. Therefore, the factors of
 -6 + (-1) = -7 d2+ 5d + 6 = (d + 3)(d + 2)
 -3 + (-2) = -5

2. Factor k 2 + 3k − 28

a. List all the possible factors of -28 (Note: the sign of the
number is negative (-), then use a (+) and (-) pair of numbers.)

Factors of -28
7 -4
-7 4
14 -2
-14 2
28 -1
-28 1

b. Find a pair whose sum is 3( the middle term of the trinomial).

(check the rules of integers table)
 7 + (-4) =3
 -7 + 4 =(-3) 7 and -4 is the pair that we wanted
 14 + (-2) = 12 to find whose sum is 3. Thus, the
 -14 + 2 =-12 factor of k2 + 3k – 28 = (k + 7)(k –
 28 + (-1) = 27 4) (k + 7)(k − 4). .
 -28 + 1 = -27
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Factoring trinomials ax 2 + bx + c , where a≠ 1

There are many ways of factoring these types of polynomials of this

form, one of which is by inspection. Trial and error method is utilized in
factoring this type of trinomials.

1. Factor 2q 3 − 6q 2 − 36q

Noticeable that there is a common monomial factor. Begin by

factoring out 2q first. Rewriting it, you have 2q (q 2 − 3q − 18).

Now we can follow the steps we did earlier, when a=1.

a. Listing all the factors of the 3rd term (-18) and finding a pair
whose sum is equal to the 2nd term which is (-3).

Factors of -18
18 -1
-18 1
9 -2
-9 2
6 -3
-6 3

b. Since -6 and 3 are the factors of -18 whose sum is -3, then the
binomial factors of (q 2 − 3q − 18) are (q − 6)(q + 3).
c. Therefore, the factors of 2q 3 − 6q 2 − 36q are 2q (q − 6)(q + 3).
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2. Factor 2 x + 3 x − 5
The factors of 2x 2 are 2 x and x ; and of the third term -5 are
(5)and (−1) , (−5)and (1) . Pair all possible binomial factors.

a. (2 x + 5)( x − 1) c. (2 x + 1)( x − 5)
b (2 x − 5)( x + 1) d. (2 x − 1)( x + 5)
To know which from the four pairs above are the factors of the given
trinomial, we must get the product of the pair of binomials that is equal to the
given expression.

Let’s Check:
Use the FOIL Method you had learned from your grade 7
Mathematics.
FOIL ( First, Outside, Inside, Last)

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 Arrange the products in the form of
(2 x + 5)( x − 1) ax2 + bx + c.
2x2 – 2x + 5x – 5
First Terms (2 x)( x) = 2x 2

(combine like terms, -2x + 5x)

Outside Terms (2 x)(−1) = − 2x
Inside Terms (5)( x) = − 2x Thus, the product of (2x + 5)(x – 1) is,
Last Terms (5)(−1) = 5x 2x2 + 3x – 5, then such pair of
binomials are the factors of the given
expression.

Remember:
To factor trinomials with 1 as the numerical coefficient of the leading term:
a. Factor the leading term of the trinomial and write these factors as the
leading terms of the factors;
b. List down all the factors of the last term;
c. Identify which factor pair sums up to the middle term; then
d. Write each factor in the pairs as the last term of the binomial factors.

Note: always perform factoring using common monomial factor

first before applying any type of factoring.

(Grade 8 Mathematics, Learner’s Module)

What’s More

Activity 1: Factor Bingo Game

Description:

Bingo game is an activity to practice your factoring skills with speed

and accuracy.

Instruction:
On a clean sheet of paper, draw a 3 by 3 square grid and mark the
center as FACTOR, as shown below. There will be mathematical
expressions for you to find the factors. Chose the correct factors from
the table below and write your answers on the grid under the
expressions. Write BINGO to all sides of your 3x3 grid after you
correctly answer all the given trinomials.

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 a 2 − a − 72 a 2 + 15a + 50 a 2 − a − 42

a 2 + 10a + 24 a 2 − a − 20
FACTOR

a 2 + 5a + 6 a 2 + 11a + 18 a 2 − 8a − 48

Choose your factors from this table:

(a + 6)(a − 8) (a − 7)(a + 6) (a + 10)(a + 5)

(a + 4)(a − 5) (a + 9)(a + 2) (a − 8)(a + 4)
(a + 6)(a + 4) (a + 3)(a + 2) (a + 12)(a − 4)
(a − 9)(a + 8) (n − 2)(n + 16) (a + 3)(a + 8)

What I Have Learned

Activity 2: Generalization
Directions: Answer the following questions in your own words. Write your answer on
the space provided.
1. How did you factor the trinomials?
2. Why is it important to identify the leading coefficient of the expressions?
3. Differentiate the steps in factoring ax 2 + bx + c , where a=0 and a≠0.
4. State the process in factoring general trinomials in your own words.
5. Did understanding the rules of integers help you? ___ How?

What I Can Do

Activity 3: I Can Factor Too!

Direction: Factor completely the following trinomials.

1. x 2 − 5 x − 24
2. x 2 + 8 x − 65
3. x 2 + 9 x + 20

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Lesson Factoring:

3 Problems Involving Factors of

Polynomials

What’s In

There were five factoring techniques you learned from the previous
lessons. Namely, Common Monomial Factor, Difference of Two Squares,
Sum or Difference of Cubes, Perfect Square Trinomials and lastly the General
Trinomials. Learning these techniques of factoring will help us solve problems
involving factors of polynomials.

What’s New

Activity1: Review of Factoring Techniques

Description: In this part, you will be able to recall all the factoring techniques
discussed for you to easily find the solution to the problems.

Direction: Identify which factoring technique is illustrated. Write your

answer on the space provided.

1. 9 x 2 − 1 = (3x + 1)(3x – 1) ___________________

2. 6ab + 8bc = 2b(3a + 4c) ___________________

3. 25 x 2 − 30 x + 9 = (5x – 3)2 ___________________

4. x 2 + 4 x − 45 = (x – 5)(x + 9) ___________________

5. 8b 3 + c 6 = (2b + c2)(4b2 – 2bc2 + c4) ___________________

What Is It
Description: This activity will enable you to apply factoring to find the number
needed.
Direction: Solve for the number.

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Problem: The product of one more than a number and 4 less than the
number is 36. Find the number.

Hint: In solving problems, you need to translate first the words used to
their mathematical values.

Solution:
 Product, (_) 4 , 4

 One , 1 less than , -

 More than, + number , x
 Number , x is , =

a. To translate the problem:

The product of one more than a number (x+1) ( x + 1)( x − 4) = 36

and 4 less than the number (x-4) We need to change
is 36. =36 this form into the
quadratic trinomial
form we learned from
the previous topic
which is ax 2 + bx + c .
b. ( x + 1)( x − 4) = 36 Use the FOIL method to make this into a standard
form.
x 2 − 3 x − 4 = 36 Eliminate 36 from the other side. Subtract 36 to
both sides.

x 2 − 3x − 4 = 36
− 36 = − 36
x 2 − 3 x − 40 0

x2 – 3x – 40 = 0

c. Factor x 2 − 3 x − 40
What Factoring Technique can we use here?
Is it factoring general trinomials? Then you are right!

Factors of -40
-40 1
40 -1
-20 2
20 -2
-10 4
10 -4
-8 5
8 -5

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 Thus, the factor of x 2 − 3 x − 40 is (x-8)(x+5). So (x – 8)(x + 5) = 0

But do not stop here because we still need to find the number. To do
that, we are going to get the value of x.

x – 8 = 0 to get the value of x ; x+5 = 0 to get the value of x

x–8+8=0+8 x+5 – 5 = 0 – 5
x=8 x = -5

Therefore, the numbers that we found is x= 8 or -5.

Checking:
x = -5
x 2 − 3 x − 4 = 36
(−5) 2 − 3(−5) − 4 = 36
25 + 15 − 4 = 36

 36 = 36

x 2 − 3 x − 4 = 36 x=8
(8) 2 − 3(8) − 4 = 36
64 − 24 − 4 = 36

 36 = 36

x = - 5 or 8 are both correct numbers.

What’s More
Activity1 : Let’s Do Gardening!
Description: In this part, you will learn how to find the dimensions of your
vegetable garden. Find out if your backyard has enough space
to put this garden.

Directions: Find the dimensions of your garden.

Problem: A vegetable garden in rectangular shape has a total area of 84
square feet. The gardener wants to make the length 8 feet longer than the
width. Find the dimensions of this garden, its width and its length.

Let’s make an illustration of your garden.

Width = x

84 ft²
Total area

Length = x + 8
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Remember that Area= (Length)(Width)
84 = (x+8) (x) Multiply x to (x+8)
84 = x²+8x Set the equation equal
to 0
-84 + 84 = x²+8x-84 Subtract 84 to both
sides
0 = x²+8x-84 equation 1

Now we can do our factoring:

x²+8x-84
Factors of -84
-84 1
84 -1
-42 2
42 -2
-21 4
Is the pair whose
sum is equal to the 21 -4
middle term which
-14 6
is 8.
14 -6
-7 12
7 -12

Thus, the factor of x²+8x-84 is (x+14)(x-6). From equation 1,

(x + 14)(x – 6) = 0

x+14=0 x-6=0
x= -14 x=6

However, we are dealing with distance which is the length and width of the
vegetable garden, the negative solution -14 is not valid. So the value of our
x=6.

width = x length= x+8 Area = (length )(width)

x=6, 6+8 = ( 14) (6)
Width=6 length = 14 Area = 84 ft²

Therefore, the dimensions are 6 ft. for the width and 14 ft. for the length.

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 2: Generalization

Direction: Answer the following question and write your answer on the
space provided.

1. Which factoring technique mostly utilized in solving problems involving

factors of polynomials?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

2. Why is it important to learn factoring techniques in solving those

problems?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

3. Express your idea in this lesson.

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 3. Word Problem is not a Problem!

Direction: Solve for the value of x and y.

Problem:

1. The product of the two consecutive positive integers is 132. Find

the two integers.
2. The width of the rectangle is 1 less than the length. Its area is 72
square inches. Find length and width of the rectangle

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Summary
You have completed this module; let’s summarize what you had just
learned. This module taught you to factor different products through the use of
different patterns and rules. Factoring techniques that you had learned are:

1. Factoring Perfect Square Trinomials; and

2. Factoring General Trinomials.

You have also learned that real-life problems can be solved using
factors of polynomials.

Assessment:
I. Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Select the letter of
the correct answer from the given choices. (2 points each)

1. Which of the following values of k will make y2 – 5y + k factorable?

A. -14 C. 5
B. -10 D. 12

2. Which of the following statement is correct?

A. 6w2 – 13w – 28 = (3w – 4)(2w + 7)
B. 4w2 + 20w + 25 = (2w + 5)2
C. 6w2 + 5wx + x2 = (2w – x)(3w – n)
D. 16w2 – 40w + 25 = (4w – 5)(4w – 5)

3. One of the factors of 2c2 + 5c – 12 is 2c – 3. Which of the following is

the other factor?
A. c – 4 C. c – 8
B. c + 4 D. c + 8

4. The area of a rectangular vegetable garden is (12u2 – 8u – 15)m2.

Which of the following are the expressions to determine the
dimensions?
A. L = (3u – 5)m ; W = (4u + 3)m
B. L = (6u + 5)m ; W = (2u – 3)m
C. L = (6u – 3)m ; W = (2u – 5)m
D. L = (12u – 15)m ; W = (u + 1)m

5. If the area of a square flower garden is (4x2 – 12x + 9) square units, is

it possible to solve its sides? Why?
A. Yes, using factoring difference of two squares.
B. No, one of the sides must be given.
C. Yes, the area is a perfect square trinomial.
D. No, the area is not factorable

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