Centrifugal Pump - Expt No .4

Name: ……………………………………………………………………………
Batch: ……… Roll No.: …………………… Exp. No.: ………..
Marks: ……………………..
Signature of Lab Teacher with date: ……………………………..
EXPERIMENT NO. 4
CO2 Apply the basic concepts and analyze the performance of pumps
AIM: To conduct a test on a single stage centrifugal pump and plot the operating characteristic
curves of the pump .
APPARATUS: Centrifugal pump test rig, tachometer, stopwatch etc.
DESCRIPTION:
The centrifugal pump consists of an impeller rotating inside a casing. The impeller has a number
of curved vanes. Due to the centrifugal force developed by the rotation of the impeller, water
entering at the center flows outwards to the periphery. Here it is collected in a gradually
increasing passage in the casing known as a volute chamber. This chamber converts a part of the
velocity head (kinetic energy) of water into pressure head (potential energy). For higher heads,
multistage centrifugal pumps having two or more impellers in series will have to be used.
The test pump is a single stage centrifugal pump of size 1” x 1” (25 mm x 25 mm). It is coupled
to a 1 HP capacity single phase AC motor by means of a cone pulley belt drive system.
An energy-meter and stopwatch are provided to measure the input to the motor and a collecting
tank to measure the actual discharge. A pressure gauge and vacuum gauge are fitted in the
delivery and suction pipelines to measure the pressure.
Since the centrifugal pump is not self-priming, the pump must be filled with water (priming)
before starting. For this reason water should be allowed to drain & a foot valve is provided.
THEORY:
The centrifugal pump is a device to raise liquids from a lower to higher level. The pressure head
is developed by centrifugal action, which in turn is entirely due to the velocity imparted to the
liquid by the rotating impeller, and not due to any displacement or impact.
The action of a centrifugal pump is that of a reversed reaction turbine. In fact this is reverse of
Francis turbine. However in the former, special arrangements are made to increase the efficiency.
The centrifugal pump works under roto-dynamic action. The pressure head is developed by
centrifugal action. The pressure head developed by centrifugal action is entirely due to velocity
imparted to the liquid by the rotating impeller & not due to any displacement or impact, as in
reciprocating pumps.
The must be full when starting. It is driven by power from an external source as a result of which
the vanes are rotated. This imparts a centrifugal head to the water in the pump& water leaves the
vanes at the other circumference with high velocity & pressure. This creates a partial vacuum in
the center into which the water from the suction pipe rushes. The high pressure of the leaving
water is utilized in overcoming of the delivery head of the pump.
A centrifugal pump is also called a roto-dynamic pump. In this pump, the pressure is generated
or imparted dynamically & continuously by the circular motion of a wheel carrying some vanes,
which are curved backward, or forward or in radial direction. Hence the pump is known as roto-
dynamic pump.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1. Loosen the V-belt by rotating the hand-wheel of the motor bed & position he V-belt
in the required groove of the pulley.
2. Prime the pump with water if required.
3. Close the delivery gate completely.
4. Start the motor & adjust the gate valve to required pressure & delivery.
5. Note the following readings:
a. The pressure gauge reading - Pd Kg/cm2
b. The vacuum gauge readings - Ps Kg/cm2.
c. Wattmeter reading (WR) - W.

d. Pump speed in RPM
6. Take at least 3 to 4 sets of readings by varying the head from a maximum at shut off
to a minimum where gate valve is FULLY open.
7. Repeat the experiment for different reading.
CALCULATIONS:
1. Discharge:
Initial reading (h1) = ……….. cm
Final reading (h2) = ………… cm
Head of water (h) = h2 – h1 = ……… m
Pump discharge (Q) = 14.17 h5/2. m3/sec
= ……….m3/sec
2. Head:
Delivery pressure (Pd) = ………..kg/cm2
Delivery pressure head (Hd) = Pd x 10
= ……………… m of water
Suction pressure (Ps) = ………….. kg/cm2
Suction pressure head (Hs) = Ps x 10
= ……………… m of Water (gauge)
Elevation difference between Pd and Ps ( z ) = 0.43 m
Total head H = H d + Hs + z
= ………………… m of Water
3. Wattmeter reading (WR) = ………….. Watts

4. Input to the motor:
Wattmeter constant (Wc) = 2 Watts
Number of phases (Np) =3
Input to the motor = 3600 x 10/(N x T) kW
Efficiency of motor (ηm)= 80 %
Pump Input = WR x Wc x ηm x Np
= ………………. W
5. Output of the pump
Output = 9810 x H x Q W
6. Pump Efficiency: = (Pump output)/(Pump Input) x 100 %
= …………..
= ……………%
OBSERVATION TABLE: CENTRIFUGAL PUMP TEST RIG (VARIABLE SPEED)
Suction TOTAL
PUMP Delivery V – notch head OUTPUT
pressure HEAD DISCHARGE INPUT
SR. SPEED pressure POWER EFFICIENCY
Ps H Q POWER
NO. N Pd kW %
m of Initial Final Head of water m3/sec kW
rpm kg/cm2
kg/cm2 water reading (h1) reading (h2) (h) = h2 – h1
cm cm
Conclusion -

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Name: ……………………………………………………………………………

Batch: ……… Roll No.: …………………… Exp. No.: ………..

Signature of Lab Teacher with date: ……………………………..

APPARATUS: Centrifugal pump test rig, tachometer, stopwatch etc.

2. Prime the pump with water if required.

3. Close the delivery gate completely.

5. Note the following readings:

a. The pressure gauge reading - Pd Kg/cm2

b. The vacuum gauge readings - Ps Kg/cm2.

c. Wattmeter reading (WR) - W.

7. Repeat the experiment for different reading.

Initial reading (h1) = ……….. cm

Final reading (h2) = ………… cm

Head of water (h) = h2 – h1 = ……… m

Pump discharge (Q) = 14.17 h5/2. m3/sec

Delivery pressure (Pd) = ………..kg/cm2

Delivery pressure head (Hd) = Pd x 10

Suction pressure (Ps) = ………….. kg/cm2

Suction pressure head (Hs) = Ps x 10

= ……………… m of Water (gauge)

Elevation difference between Pd and Ps ( z ) = 0.43 m

3. Wattmeter reading (WR) = ………….. Watts

Wattmeter constant (Wc) = 2 Watts

Number of phases (Np) =3

Input to the motor = 3600 x 10/(N x T) kW

Efficiency of motor (ηm)= 80 %

5. Output of the pump

6. Pump Efficiency: = (Pump output)/(Pump Input) x 100 %

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