Building Utilities
Building Utilities
Building Utilities
WEEK 1
ELECRICAL SYSTEMS
Let's pause for a while before jumping with the lesson proper. I'd like to pray for all of us.
Lord God,
We pray for your protection as we begin this day. You are our hiding place, and under your wings we could
always find refuge. Protect us from trouble wherever we go, and keep evil far from us. No matter where
we are, we will look to you as our protector, the one who fight for us everyday.
Your love and faithfulness, along with Your goodness and mercy, surround us daily, so we will not fear whatever
might come against us. Our trust is in You, God, and we give thanks to You for Your love and protection.
In Jesus' name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
These will be our topic for this week:
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
LESSON PROPER:
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BUILDING UTILITIES 2
ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
1.1 ELECTRICITY
Is a form of energy generated by friction, :
induction or chemical change, having magnetic,
chemical and radiant effect.
It is the motion of free electrons through a solid
(ele) alele leq)
An electric current travels at the speed of light
= LECTRICAL and therefore the rate of conduction of an électric
current is considered as instantaneous.
SYSTE M S There are two (2) general classes of electricity:
Dynamic Electricity
And Static Electricity
NOTE:
WILLIAM GILBERT, an English Physicistis_.
considered as the “Father of Electricity’ for his.
es on “Electric Attraction” and “The Electric
eee
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ELECTRICAL a
Static Electricity (electrostatics)
SYSTEMS -the form of electricity that appears to remain
on the surface of a body as a charge.
NOTE:
WILLIAM GILBERT, an English Physicist is considered as the
“Father of Electricity” for his studies on “Electric Attraction”
and “The Electric Force”.
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ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
1.2 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY
UNIT OF RESISTANCE
* Ohm- is the resistance
which will allow one ampere
of current to flow when one
volt is impressed upon it.
In direct current circuit this is
called Resistance.
In an alternating current
circuit, it is called
Impedence.
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ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
1.2 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY
UNIT OF ELECTRIC POWER
* Electric Power- is the rate
oT Lal Raa work and
isto MOL alm MecliMrel em Cite) 7-11e
Note:
Watt is named after James
Watt, a Scottish inventor.
Kilovolt-ampere- apparent
power
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ee)
a ere
The current that will flow in a direct current
circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and
inversely proportional to the resistance of the
circuit.
* The higher the voltage, the larger the current.
* The higher the resistance, the lower the
ELECREICAL HU acctal
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1.5 SOURCES OF
ELECTRICITY
4. PIEZOELECTRIC
By mechanical
pressure (compression,
S Sales stretching, twisting) of a
SYSTE M S certain crystals such as
quartz and Rochelle
salts, e.g. Microphone,
radio transmitter,
telephone receivers,
hearing aids.
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WEEK 2
SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY
& ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL
Let's pause for a while before jumping with the lesson proper. I'd like to pray for all of us.
Lord God,
We pray for your protection as we begin this day. You are our hiding place, and under your wings we could
always find refuge. Protect us from trouble wherever we go, and keep evil far from us. No matter where
we are, we will look to you as our protector, the one who fight for us everyday.
Your love and faithfulness, along with Your goodness and mercy, surround us daily, so we will not fear whatever
might come against us. Our trust is in You, God, and we give thanks to You for Your love and protection.
In Jesus' name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
These will be our topic for this week:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
LESSON PROPER:
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Rel see) ete oa soln
Generator
Amachine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
1. Alternating Current Generators or Alternators- the bulk of electrical energy utilized
today is in the form of alternating current, including energy for power and lighting.
a
*
=
a ib
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1.5 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Generator
2. Direct Current Generators- these furnish electrical energy for elevators,
escalators, intercommunicating telephone systems, control of signal
systems and clock systems.
Pr
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AC MOTOR DC MOTOR
End Bracket
Coding Bearing Armature Stator
Fan ‘an Housing Rotor Winding Winding Stator
End Ball
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS ben
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINES
2. Transformer
* For converting one voltage to
another; transfer electrical energy
between 2 or more circuit.
¢ Ojl-insulated transformers rated
more than 15kV between 7
conductors shall be installed inside
a transformer vault.
: Bey pe and other transformers
with non-flammable insulation shall
be installed in a transformer room.
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINES
2. Transformer
* Transformers shall be guarded as follows:
- Appropriate provisions shall be made to
minimize the possibility of damage to
transformers from external causes where
the transformers are located exposed to
physical damage.
- Dry-type transformers shall be provided
with a non-combustible moisture resistant
case or enclosure which will provide
reasonable protection against accidental
insertion of foreign objects.
- The transformer installation shall conform
to ne Ensen for guarding of live parts
in -1.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
« The operating voltage of exposed live parts of transformer installations shall be indicated
by signs or visible markings on the equipment or structures.
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Examples of Transformer
* Outdoor transformers
H-frame transformer bank — capacity as high as 1,000 KVa
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Examples of Transformer
* Outdoor transformers
Cluster mounted on a single pole— capacity 225 KVa
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ag we 12-1. cen Oo ET y Py;
i ——=
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Examples of Transformer
* Outdoor transformers
Pad mounted transformer
ae
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Examples of Transformer
* Indoor transformers
Dry-type transformer bank- capacity as high as 1,000 KVa
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Examples of Transformer
* Indoor transformers
Askarel Insulated- synthetic non-flammable liquid
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINES
Examples of Transformer
¢ Indoor transformers
Oil Insulated- installed in a fire rated
transformer vault except when capacity
not exceeding 112.5 Kva.
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ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS 1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL
1. Load Scheduling and Duty-Cycle Control
Installation of electric loads are analyzed and
scheduled to restrict demand by shifting large
loads to off-peak hours and controlled to avoid
coincident operations.
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS 1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL
2. Demand Metering Alarm
In conjunction with a duty cycle controller,
demand is continuously metered, and an
alarm is set on when a predetermined demand
level is exceeded.
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ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS 1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL
3. Automatic Instantaneous Demand Control
Also called “rate control”, it is an automated
version of the demand metering alarm system,
where it automatically disconnects or
reconnects loads as required.
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS 1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL
4. |deal Curve Control
This controller operates by comparing the
actual rate of energy usage to the ideal rate
and controls kW demand by controlling the
total energy used within a metering interval.
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WEEK 3
Lord God,
We pray for your protection as we begin this day. You are our hiding place, and under your wings we could
always find refuge. Protect us from trouble wherever we go, and keep evil far from us. No matter where
we are, we will look to you as our protector, the one who fight for us everyday.
Your love and faithfulness, along with Your goodness and mercy, surround us daily, so we will not fear whatever
might come against us. Our trust is in You, God, and we give thanks to You for Your love and protection.
In Jesus' name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
These will be our topic for this week:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
LESSON PROPER:
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
1.1 CONDUCTORS
MMatett-Wr- eM ear-ltciat-l mal lean-lileyiy
the free flow of electrons through
int00
* Metals generally have the least
resistance in the flow of electric
current.
The best conductors are
precious metals, such as silver,
gold, and platinum.
Copper and aluminum are the
most commonly used materials
for conductors.
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
1.1 CONDUCTORS
« Conductor current carrying capacity
or ampacity is the maximum
operating temperature that its
insulation can stand continuously.
Heat is generated as a result of the
current flowing and the conductor
ivetciic) telah om en conductors are
placed in an enclosed conduit, the
heat generated is not easily
dissipated as it would be if the
conductor were free in the air.
Thus, the current rating of a
conductor in free air is much higher
idar=1pM Cgt-1M (O] Mm RT= worl mI Romie)
conduit.
Stranded
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
Types of Conductors
2. Cable — are single
insulated conductors no. 6
AWG or larger; or they may
be several conductors of
any size assembled into a
single unit.
Conductor Sizes
* All conductor sizes from no. 18 (or AWG 1) to no. 10 (AWG no.
0000, also designated 4/0) are expressed in AWG.
* Beyond AWG no. 4/0, a different designation, MCM (or thousand
circular mil) is used. In this designation, the smallest MCM size is 250
MCM or %’ diameter and the biggest is 500 MCM.
* Acircular MIL is an artificial area measurement, representing the square
of the cable diameter (diam?) when the diameter is expressed in mils
thousands of an inch). Thus, a solid conductor % inch in diameter is
00 re in diameter, or 250,000 circular mils in area, (500)? or 250
; thus
CM/1000 = diam? = (500) 7/1000 = 250,000/1000 = 250 MCM
* In the metric system, conductor sizes are given simply as the diameter
in millimeters (mm).
ELECTRICAL mm tim em ee
Sizes
MATERIALS AND 1.6mmSo 14 AWG 1.6 26 22 25+ 2.70 2.70 21 150m / box
2.0mm Sol 12AWG 20 30 33 30+ 1.70 1.70 24 150m / box
= Oa alee 2.6mmSol 10 AWG 26 38 55 40+ 1.10 1.10 30 150m / box
Q 32mm Sol 8 AWG 32 54 88 55 068 0.70 41 100m / box
2.0mm? St 14 AWG 18 28 24 25+ 2.70 2.70 22 150m / box
35mm St 12 AWG 23 33 37 30+ 1.70 1.70 26 180m / box
5.5mm St lWAWG 29 41 58 406 1.10 1.10 3 150m / box
8.0mm'St 8AWG 36 55 6 55 069 0.70 “4 100m / box
Conductor Sizes l4mm'Sr 6AWG 48 85 147 70 od 04s 82 150m / cod
_. 22mm'Str 4 AWG a7 a4 232 90 0.29 0.30 65 150m
/ col
From phelps dodge 20mm Sir = 2AWG 67 9.0 311 115 0.19 0.20 2 180m / coll
38mm? Str | 1 AWG 78 10.8 44 130 0.16 016 86 300m/ reel
50 mm? Str 10 AWG ae 11.8 514 150 0.13 0.13 oF 300m / reel
100mm?Str 40AWG = 127 15:7 1.026 225 0.074 o080 128 300m
/ reel
125mm? Str 250 MCM 143 17.8 1.2598 265 0.066 0.073 142 300m / ree!
150mm?Sty 30OMCM = 18.7 19.3 1.556 295 0.059 0.065 158 300m
/ reel
175mm? Str 350 MCM 17.0 20.8 1741 325 0.054 0.060 166 300m / ree!
200mm? Str 400MCM = 17.8 214 1.967 355 0.049 0.056 174 300m
/ reel
250 mm? Str 500 MCM 20.2 23.8 2.819 400 0.045 0.050 190 300m / reel
500mm! Str 1000MCM 28.2 322 4.809 580 0.032 0040 258 300m
/ reel
Steel
Wire Armoured
SWA Cable
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
Se a
SPECIAL TYPES OF CABLES
6. Underground Feeder and Branch
Circuit Cable (Type UF)
A moisture resistant cable used for
underground connections including direct
burial in the ground as feeder or branch
circuit.
(Ey Cet r= at eye)
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
SPECIAL TYPES OF CABLES
7. Service Entrance Cable (Type SE &
USE)
A single or multi-conductor assembly
provided with or without an overall
covering primarily used for service wire.
SE- with flame retardant covering
USE- without flamemetardant covering
INSULATORS
Are materials which prevent the flow of electrons
through them.
« Glass, mica, rubber, oil, porcelain, and certain
synthetics such as phenolic compounds exhibit
this insulating property and are therefore used
ELECTRICAL to insulate electric conductors.
MATERIALS Deen
se : : foie ‘ ae ia}
:
AND : If insulation is above its recommended voltage
rating, it may break down causing short circuits
EQU IP | = a and arcing with the possibility of fire starting.
(Arcing usually occurs when a circuit
becomes overloaded and overheats. The
overheating causes damage not only to the
circuit breaker but also to its connection to the
bus. However, if a damaged circuit breaker
continues to allow electricityto flow, arcing
becomes a possibility)
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INSULATORS
¢ Ordinary building wiring is usually rated for
300V and 600V.
¢ In general, there are the unjacketed and
ELECTRICAL eecce hs) tes
MATE RIALS The unjacketed conductors are those which
consist of a copper conductor covered with
AN D) insulation T (thermoplastic) or TW (Moisture-
resistant thermoplastic).
EQUIPMENT
The jacketed ones are the THHN (heat-resistant
thermoplastic) and the THWN (Moisture and
heat-resistant thermoplastic) both of which have
a nylon jacket designated as N.
E LECTRICAL COMMON
MATERIALS AND
TYPES OF INSULATORS:
EQUIPMENT
Bay ND) a= oe =e eal MAX. OPERATING APPLICATION
aos PROVISIONS
MOISTURE & HEAT RHW 75°C DRY AND WET
RESISTANT RUBBER 167°F LOCATIONS
THERMOPLASTIC 7 60°C DRY LOCATIONS
140°F
MOISTURE-RESISTANT Tw 60°C DRY AND WET
THERMOPLASTICS 140°F LOCATIONS
ELECTRICAL
COMMON TYPES OF INSULATORS:
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TRADE NAME TYPE LETTER MAX. OPERATING TEMP. APPLICATION
PROVISIONS
MOISTURE & HEAT THW we DRY AND WET
RESISTANT 167°F LOCATIONS
THERMOPLASTIC
MOISTURE & HEAT THWN 75°C DRY AND WET
RESISTANT 167°F LOCATIONS
THERMOPLASTIC NYLON
COATED
MOISTURE & HEAT XHHW 90°C DRY LOCATIONS
RESISTANT CROSS- 194°F
LINKED
THERMOSETTING 75°C WET LOCATIONS
POLYETHELENE 167°F
ELECTRICAL
COMMON TYPES OF INSULATORS:
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
WEEK 4
Let's pause for a while before jumping with the lesson proper. I'd like to pray for all of us.
Lord God,
We pray for your protection as we begin this day. You are our hiding place, and under your wings we
could
always find refuge. Protect us from trouble wherever we go, and keep evil far from us. No matter where
we are, we will look to you as our protector, the one who fight for us everyday.
Your love and faithfulness, along with Your goodness and mercy, surround us daily, So we will not fear
whatever
might come against us. Our trust is in You, God, and we give thanks to You for Your love and protection.
In Jesus’ name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
These will be our topic for this week:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical materials and its application; RACEWAYS,
CONDUITS, ELECTRICAL BOXES
LESSON PROPER:
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
1.3 MEASURING ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION an for.
* To measure energy, the factor of time is
introduced, such that; energy = power x time
* A—C electric meters are basically small
motors whose speed is proportional to the
; power being used.
¢ The number of rotations is counted on the
dials which are calibrated directly in kilowatt-
hours.
MS
tirda IN
mee (TMNT ee,
env OG B7G3G224 c vic urs
ee
sh, AO.2-20K 240V ph 2F rises
gc
40
‘ei gna
A TRANS! ORMATEVA
SAP 4120085
O 493 439
v
A sa,
eS
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS IW ee ey
1.4 RACEWAYS
Common e of Raceways
2. Wireway- are troughs with hinged or removable covers for housing and
protecting electric wires and cable. Conductors are laid into the wireway after the
wireway has been installed as a complete system.
i a4" g¢ ae
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND
1.4 RACEWAYS
Common type of Raceways
4. Busway/Busduct- an approved, completely assembled metal troughing and Yrs
containing bare conductors intended for use as feeders, the conductors being suitab
supported on insulators.
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
1.4RACEWAYS
Other Common type of Raceways
1. Rigid-uPVC electrical moulding
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1.4 RACEWAYS
Other Common e of Racewavs
ELECTRICAL
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ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
1.5 ELECTRICAL BOXES
Common Types:
2. Junction Box- are metal or
EEL measure 2 % inches or
72 inches deep and it’s where
wires go to live when they are
joined together. Boxes that
mesures 2 x 3 and 2 % inches
deep generally contain 3 wire.
Types of Junction Box
= Oleit-lolela
-Round
-Rectangular
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1.6 CONDUITS
These are circular raceways used to enclose
wires and cables.
Purpose of Conduits
ELECTRICAL * To protect the enclosed conductors from
MATERIALS mechanical injury and chemical damage.
To protect people from shock hazards by
AN D providing a grounded enclosure.
EQUIPM = aE To provide a system ground path.
To protect the surroundings against fire hazard
as a result of overheating or short circuiting of
the enclosed conductors.
To support the conductors.
ELECTRIC
1.6 CONDUITS
Common Types of Metallic (Steel) Conduits:
1. RSC (Rigid Steel Conduit); heavy-wall steel conduits with an approximate thickness
of 0.117mm.
Har
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LEP
# F
= ea ers Nt me Peele
1.6 CONDUITS
Common Types of Metallic (Steel) Conduits:
2. IMC (Intermediate Metal Conduit); with wall thickness of 0.071mm
1.6 CONDUITS
RSC’s and IMC’s use the same fitting, called conduit
couplings, and are threaded alike at the joints.
IMCs yield a larger inside diameter for easier wire
ELECTRICAL pulling and is lighter than the RSC.
WEEK 5
Let's pause for a while before jumping with the lesson proper. I'd like to pray for all of us.
Lord God,
We pray for your protection as we begin this day. You are our hiding place, and under your wings we
could
always find refuge. Protect us from trouble wherever we go, and keep evil far from us. No matter where
we are, we will look to you as our protector, the one who fight for us everyday.
Your love and faithfulness, along with Your goodness and mercy, surround us daily, So we will not fear
whatever
might come against us. Our trust is in You, God, and we give thanks to You for Your love and protection.
In Jesus’ name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
These will be our topic for this week:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical materials and its application: Switches and Overcurrent
Devices
LESSON PROPER:
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ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
1.7 WIRING DEVICES
Wiring device includes all devices that
are normally installed in wall; outlets
boxes, including receptacles and their
matching cap (plug), switches, dimmers,
pilot light, attachment plugs and wall
Pel atom
Receptacles are contact devices
installed at the outlet for the connection
of a single attachment plug.
A power receptacle is the wiring device
in which the utilization equipment
(appliance) cord is plugged into.
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
ee
1.7 WIRING DEVICES
An outletis a point in the wiring
Cie ele OLE ges 10) mo Co Lose)
supply utilization
equipment/appliances. It refers only
to the box.
1. Power Outlet or Convenience
Outlet or Attachment Cap
The complete setup which
establishes connection between the
conductor of the flexible cord and the
conductors connected permanently to
the receptacle. The common wall
outlet is a convenience outlet.
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ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
1.7 WIRING DEVICES
2. Lighting Outlet
Is an outlet intended for direct
connection to a lamp
receptacle, lighting fixture, or
a
pendant cord terminating in a
lamp holder.
Me Doe uy
4
7¥
\
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
ee
1.7 WIRING DEVICES
3. Receptacle Outlet
Is a power outlet where one or
more receptacles are installed.
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ELECTRICAL
ACPOWERPLUGS ANDSOCKETS ISOMETR
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
ee
TYPEA TYPEB TYPEG TYPED TYPEE TYPEF TYPEG
e @
3. Receptacle Outlet
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ELECTRICAL | ( a Outlets: te Ins and C
MATERIALS AND Di oiaccleleLs
tee
ee ret ancs
tal
Riri
ge RTT) sTe ri tl)
Receptacle
eae en
USB Receptacle onnection source,
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ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
WALL PLATES AND
FACEPLATES
yi Faceplates- a protective
plate surrounding an electric
outlet or light switch. These
are coverings for switches
and wall outlets usually
made of metal or of phenolic
compound (bakelite)
Wall plates- are single
gang, two gang and three-
gang.
T
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
SWITCHES
Are devices for making, breaking
or changing conditions in an
electrical circuit under the
conditions of load which they are
rated. Switches are rated
according to current and voltage,
duty, poles and throw, fusibility
and enclosure.
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ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCH
ACCORDING TO VOLTAGE
Switches are rated as:
y2e) 0A)
sea
Or 5KV
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ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS
AND
OU a a
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCHACCORDING TO TYPE
OF SERVICE
2. Power Switches
A. General purpose switches-are
intended for use in general distribution
and branch circuit
Disconnecting or isolating switches-
are intended for disconnecting or
isolating circuits such as NFDS (Non
fusible disconnect switch), FDS (fusible
disconnect switch), Emergency switches
VAN Nahai
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING TO TYPE OF
SERVICE
3. Wiring Switches
Include all the relatively small switches that are
employed in interior wiring installations for the
control of branch circuits, individual lamps or
appliances.
A. General Purpose Switch
Are single-pole or double pole switches forthe
general-purpose use of connecting or cutting-off
circuits for the control of lamps or other loads froma
single point.
i.e. toggle/tumbler, wide series
ELECTRICAL
Re) TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING
AND TO TYPE OF SERVICE
EQUIPMENT 3. Wiring Switches
B. Three-way Switches
Are used where it is desired to
control lamps from two different
points, as in a stairwell.
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ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING
TO TYPE OF SERVICE
pT) 3. Wiring Switches
EQUIPMENT C. Four-way Switches
Are used in conjunction with two to
three wire switches where it is
desired to control lamps from three
or more desired points.
ELECTRICAL y
MATERIALS AND rt a.
3
Z ep ——_
ee ;
.'
a
al
aa
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ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING
TO TYPE OF SERVICE
3. Wiring Switches
E. Momentary Contact
Switches
Are used where it is desired to
connect or cut-off a circuit for only
a short duration. The switch is
provided with a spring so that it
will return to its original position
as soon as the handle or button is
released.
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
re eee
TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING TO TYPE OF
SERVICE
3. Wiring Switches
F. Dimmer Switches
A rheostat or similar device for regulating the
intensity of an electric light without appreciably
affecting spatial distribution. Also called a dimmer.
*Wiring switches may either be the flush type,
surface type or the pendant type.
*Rheostat- a resistor for regulating a current by
means of variable resistances.
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ELECTRICAL | ses
GO
216!
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCHACCORDING TO
OPERATION MECHANISM
Wiring switches may also be classified
according to the operating mechanism
Ee
1. Rotary Switch
2. Push-button Switch
3. Toggle or Tumbler Switch
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCH
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF
gO) PN Pe)
1. Poles- that part of the switch
which is used for making or
breaking of a connection and (marked on & off)
which is electrically insulated
from other contact making or
breaking parts. Switches are
available in 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 pole
construction.
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS ‘e E- ze
AN eee ca. —
SPECIAL TYPES OF SWITCHES
4. Knife Switch-a form of air switch in
which a hinged copper blade is placed
between two contact clips.
5. Float Switch-a switch controlled by a
conductor floating in a liquid.
6. Mercury Switch- an especially quiet
switch that opens and closes an electric
circuit by shifting a sealed glass tube of
mercury so as to uncover or cover the
contacts.
ELECTRICAL
UW Ne LB)
EQUIPMENT
SPECIAL TYPES OF SWITCHES
7. Key Switch- a switch operated only
by inserting a key or a card. Also calleda
card switch.
8. Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)-
this device, an essential part of an
emergency or standby service, is
basically a double throw switch,
generally 3-pole, so arranged that on
failure of normal power, emergency
service is automatically supplied.
9. Motion Control Switch
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
OVER-CURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICES
These are devices whose sole purpose is to
protect insulation, wiring, switches and
other apparatus from overheating or
burning, due to overloads, to faults or to
short circuits, by automatically cutting off
the circuit. The two most common devices
used are the fuse and the circuit breaker.
While panel boards and switchboards or
switchgears compose an assembly of fuses
or circuit breakers.
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
re eee
OVER-CURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICES
Type of Fuses:
2. Cartridge Fuse
Cylindrical in shape, enclosed with insulating fiber
-Cartridge Type With Ferrule Contacts- 250 to 600
volts; current rating from 5-60 amperes.
-Cartridge Type With Knife Blade Contacts- 250 to
600 volts; current rating from 70-600 amperes.
-Cartridge type with Bolted Knife Blade Contacts-
600 volts; current rating from 800-6000 amperes.
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OVER-CURRENT PROTECTIVE
DEVICES
ELECTRICAL Type of Fuses:
MATERIALS
3. Open Link Fuse
This consists of a wire or strip of
EQUIPMENT
violently when short circuit occurs;
it is allowed only on sizes smaller
than 600 amps and must be
placed in a cabinet
OVER-CURRENT PROTECTIVE
DEVICES
ELECTRICAL Type of Fuses:
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
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OVER-CURRENT PROTECTIVE
DEVICES
ELECTRICAL
Tripping
Most circuit breakers are
ELECTRICAL
UW Ne LB)
EQUIPMENT
OVER-CURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICES
Commercial Type Breakers
+ Bolt-on (single to 4 phase)
+ Plug-in
« ECB (enclosedcircuit breaker)
+ GFCI (grounding
fault circuitinterrupter)
BOLT-ON
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT
INTERRUPTERS
Is an overcurrent protective device that
will provide ground fault protection as
well as function as an ordinary circuit
breaker. This also comes in a form ofa
receptacle outlet type.
EQUIPMENT
current-carrying capacity.
*Line Side- refers to the upstream side of
a load or device; or it refers to where the
current will come from. The downstream
side of the device is called the “load
side”.
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st...
Let's pause for a while before jumping with the lesson proper. I'd like to pray for all of us.
Lord God,
We pray for your protection as we begin this day. You are our hiding place, and under your wings we could
always find refuge. Protect us from trouble wherever we go, and keep evil far from us. No matter where
we are, we will look to you as our protector, the one who fight for us everyday.
Your love and faithfulness, along with Your goodness and mercy, surround us daily, so we will not fear whatever
might come against us. Our trust is in You, God, and we give thanks to You for Your love and protection.
In Jesus' name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
These will be our topic for this week:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical circuitry and its application and the components of building
electrical system
LESSON PROPER:
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ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
An electrical circuitis a continuous path along
BUILDING which electric. current can flow.
A simple circuit is composed of a power source
E ie ECTRI CAL (e.g. battery or generator); the load, an electrical
SYSTEMS component or group of components that
consume electricity (e.g. lamp or appliances):
and a set of conductors (e.g. wires) that carry
current from the source to the load.
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
250.130(C)(3) A non-
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS grounding type receptacle
iL. can be replaced with a
The two wire circuit is the most grounding type receptacle if
elementary of all wiring systems. an equipment grounding
conductor is installed and
This consists of a live (hot) wire ul connected to the equipment
carrying the current to the various ground terminal bar within
power consuming devices in the the enclosure where the
circuit and a neutral or grounded wire PISnen ENS ria eters
which is the return wire carrying the
circuit back to the source of supply.
Each circuit is commonly protected by
an overcurrent protective device (e.g.
fuse or circuit breaker); and can be
controlled by control devices such as
switches.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Closed circuit Open circuit
vos
Types of Circuits
1. Open Circuit (broken or incomplete)-
this results if the path of current flow is
interrupted, such as if the switch in a circuit
is opened (turned off). The switch breaks the
conductor path, which prevents current from
flowing from power source through the
conductor to the lamp.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
{[,
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS | |
Types of Circuits wey
2. Closed Circuit- is an uninterrupted path u | af
that allows a continuous flow of current
through an electrical circuit. A circuit is closed Spee : Closed
when the switch is turned on, allowing current Circuit Circuit
to flow uninterrupted and the lamp to light. The
switch completes the conductor path, which . [
allows current to flow from the power source alien
through the conductor to the lamp. To
complete the circuit, a second conductor runs
from the lamp back to the power source.
ELECTRICALCIRCUITS
BUILDING Types of Circuits
ELECTRICAL 3. Short Circuit-a short circuit occurs when
currentleaks out of the intended conductor path
SYSTEMS such as out of a wire damaged insulation. A short
circuit is a dangerous condition.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Series Circuit
ELECTRICALCIRCUITS a =
ci
Ps
Circuiting Configurations
1. Series Circuit
Is connected so that current passes through
each componentin the circuit without
branching off to individual components of the
circuit.
All separate loads of the circuit carry the Bee oe cuieg Voltage ©
same equal current and the total resistance,
R, is the sum of the resistances around the
circuit.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Circuiting Configurations
1. Series Circuit
Rule 1: the total current in a series circuit is equal to
the current in any other part of the circuit.
Rule 2: the voltage in a series circuit is equal to the
sum of the voltages across all parts of the circuit.
Rule 3: the total resistance of a series circuit is
equal to the sum of the resistances of all the parts
of the circuit.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Circuiting Configurations
2. Parallel Circuits
Current branches off to individual components
in the circuit.
Each outlet has a live wire connected to the
current carrying wire of the circuit and alsoa
neutral wire or grounded wire connected to the
return wire of the circuit. With this system, the
total current flowing through the circuit is the
sum of the current flowing through each outlet.
* ae. LT
|
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Circuiting Configurations
2. Parallel Circuits
Aseries circuit requires fewer connections than
a parallel circuit, if one lamp fails the circuit
becomes open and all lamps go out. Ina
parallel circuit, if one lamp fails, the circuit
remains closed and all other lamps remain lit.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Circuiting Configurations
2. Parallel Circuits
Rule 1: the total currentin a parallel circuitis equal to the
sum of the currents in all branches of the circuit.
Rule 2: the total voltage across any branch in parallel is
equal to the voltage across any branch and is also equal
to the total voltage.
Rule 3: the total resistance of a parallel circuitis found by
applying ohm’s law to the total values of the circuit.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Classification of Branch Circuits
1. General Purpose Branch Circuit
Branch Circuit
BUILDING Article 100 Definition
ELECTRICAL | | Starts at the final
SYSTEMS il overcurrent device.
Service-Entrance Conductors
abe
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS l
| aX
tN _ _ Ends where
Classification of Branch
Circuits |
iN
= *
the load is
connected.
Legend i
Ene : Copyright 2011, www.MikeHolt.com
Branch Ckt.§
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
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SYSTEMS 4
1. Three-wire Three phase AC
Four-wire Three phase AC
Service
The supplying. of utilities required
‘of demanded by the public
.. Substation
aH An auxiliary power station
SUM CM | cca BS
where electncal cutrent is
£ converted of where vohage
~ is stepped up of down