SAS 13

1. Which of the following responses by an older-adult client is most reflective of a need for
further education by the nurse regarding the physiological changes associated with the
older adult?
 Worrying about becoming forgetful as person age is normal ad needs further
education to ensure patient that it is okay to feel that way.
2. When caring for an older adult patient, the nurse uses the following interventions to
accommodate decreased touch sensation except;
 Giving patients hot beverages is not part of the nursing interventions associated
with decreased touch sensation
3. When caring for an older adult patient, the nurse uses the following interventions to
accommodate visual changes with age:
 Adequate lighting and uncluttered walkways provide good accommodation for older
patients with visual changes
4. Which statement would be most appropriate to ask when assessing an aging adult for
cognitive function?
 This will provide information regarding changes in the cognitive function of the
patient
5. Which statement demonstrates normal cognitive function for an aging adult?
 Occasional memory lapses is a normal cognitive function for an aging adult due to
changes in the brain
6. Which item would not be a focus of a cognitive-perceptual pattern assessment for the
older client?
 Financial is not part of a cognitive-perceptual assessment
7. For an individual with age-related hearing loss, which sound is most difficult to hear:
 A young child talking in a cafeteria line mat be the most difficult to hear because
they have mumbled or slurred speech in talking
8. An 80-year-old resident of a retirement center states that something is wrong with the
lighting in the room because colored rings appear around the light bulbs. The resident
most likely has:
 Glaucoma occurs when the drainage angle in the eye (formed by the cornea and the
iris) closes or becomes blocked. Many people who develop this type of glaucoma
have a very narrow drainage angle. With age, the lens in the eye becomes larger,
pushing the iris forward and narrowing the space between the iris and the cornea.
9. The nurse recognizes that involuntary movements may appear in the elderly patient and
be normal. These normal involuntary movements may present as which of the following?
 Fine tremors of the hand are normal finding with advance age and tend to increase
when the older patient is cold, excited, hungry or active.
10. The nurse recognizes the most common eye-related disease affecting the older adult is:
 Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the United
States, affecting 1.9% of individuals older than 40 years. The prevalence of the most
common form, open-angle glaucoma, increases with age and is higher in non-
Hispanic minorities
SAS 14

1. Mr. Domingo, a 72-year-old, verbalizes his feelings of pain in his fingers. When a client
complains of pain, your initial response is:
 Verbally acknowledging the pain assures that the patient’s feeling is valid
2. Decrease bone density is one of the effects of aging in the musculoskeletal system. What
independent nursing intervention should the nurse do to address this?
 Decreased bone density is influenced by diet and weight bearing exercise
3. Which of the following interventions should be taken to help an older client to prevent
osteoporosis?
 Osteoporosis is characterized by the loss of calcium in a person's bones, which
makes them more likely to fracture (break). Exercising regularly reduces the rate of
bone loss and conserves bone tissue, lowering the risk of fractures.
4. There are factors that influence the musculoskeletal system associated with aging. The
nurse recognizes that with age:
 Exercising can also help us maintain muscle strength, coordination, and balance,
which in turn helps to prevent falls and related fractures.
5. The most common cause of chronic pain in older adults is:
 Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis among older people, and it is
one of the most frequent causes of physical disability among older adults. The
disease affects both men and women. Before age 45, osteoarthritis is more common
in men than in women. After age 45, osteoarthritis is more common in women
6. A 76-year-old patient with osteoarthritis complains of pain, stiffness, and deformities of
the fingers. The gerontological nurse recommends:
 Exercise helps reduce loss of bone mass.
7. Changes in bone and muscle in the aging population have the greatest effect on?
 The musculoskeletal system provides form, stability, and movement to the human
body
8. The nurse caring for the elderly population understands that movement slows with aging.
This is most likely due to:
 This is due to loss of strength and mass in the muscles and changes in the nervous
systems
9. A 69-year-old female presents with knee pain. The nurse hears a dry crackling or grating
sound and the client feels the same sensation on exam. The nurse recognizes this as:
 Movement of a joint affected by OA may cause a crackling or grating sensation
called "crepitus." This sensation likely occurs because of roughening of the normally
smooth surfaces inside the joint.
10. The nurse may recommend which of the following for the older client with mild arthritis?
 This will help strengthen bones and muscles as well as reduce loss of bone mass

SAS 15

1. The nurse would instruct the client to eat which of the following foods to obtain the best
supply of vitamin B12?
 Good sources of vitamin B12 include meats and dairy products.
2. A vegetarian client was referred to a dietitian for nutritional counseling for anemia. Which
client outcome indicates that the client does not understand nutritional counseling? The
client:
 Coffee and tea increase gastrointestinal motility and inhibit the absorption of
nonheme iron.
3. Mr. Santos, 79-years-old, was admitted with iron deficiency anemia. Which question is
most appropriate for the nurse to ask in determining the extent of the client’s activity
intolerance?
 It is difficult to determine activity intolerance without objectively comparing
activities from one time frame to another. Because iron deficiency anemia can occur
gradually and individual endurance varies, the nurse can best assess the client's
activity tolerance by asking the client to compare activities 6 months ago and at the
present
4. The nurse is assessing a client’s activity intolerance by having the client walk on a treadmill
for 5 minutes. Which of the following indicates an abnormal response?
 The decrease in respiratory rate indicates that the client is not strong enough to
complete the mechanical cycle of respiration needed for gas exchange.
5. A client with microcytic anemia is having trouble selecting food items from the hospital
menu. Which food is best for the nurse to suggest for satisfying the client’s nutritional
needs and personal preferences?
 Brown rice is a source of iron from plant sources (nonheme iron).
6. Which of the following blood components is decreased in anemia?
 Anemia is a decreased number of erythrocytes.
7. Laboratory studies are performed for an elderly suspected of having iron deficiency
anemia. The nurse reviews the laboratory results, knowing that which of the following
results would indicate this type of anemia?
 The results of a CBC in children with iron deficiency anemia will show decreased
hemoglobin levels and microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells. The red blood
cell count is decreased. The reticulocyte count is usually normal or slightly elevated
8. Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include:
 The effects of aging on the immune system are manifest at multiple levels that
include reduced production of B and T cells in bone marrow and thymus and
diminished function of mature lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues.
9. With advancing age, the immune system
 Elderly individuals do not respond to immune challenge as robustly as the young due
to less efficiency of the immune system to combat disease.
10. The increased incidence of cancer in the elderly reflects the fact that
 Age is the highest risk factor for developing a majority of cancers, with a few
exceptions. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the median patient age
at the time of a cancer diagnosis is 66. The majority of cancer patients — 60% of
them — are 65 or older.