HT Ch3-Problem
HT Ch3-Problem
HT Ch3-Problem
PROBLEMS DISCUSSION
STEADY HEAT CONDUCTION
Week – 4
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Assumptions: 1. Steady operating conditions exist, 2
The emissivity and thermal conductivity of the roof are
constant.
Properties: The thermal conductivity of the concrete is k
= 2 W/m⋅°C. The emissivity of both surfaces of the roof is
0.9.
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• Taking the inner and outer surface temperatures of the roof to be Ts,in and
Ts,out , respectively
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Solving the equations above simultaneously gives
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Problem
Consider a house that has a 10-m × 20-m base and a 4-m-high wall.
All four walls of the house have an R of 2.31 m2 0C/W. The two 10-m × 4-m walls have no
windows. The third wall has five windows made of 0.5-cm thick glass (k = 0.78 W/m · C),
1.2 m×1.8 m in size. The fourth wall has the same size and number of windows, but they
are double-paned with a 1.5-cm-thick stagnant air space (k=0.026 W/m·0C) enclosed
between two 0.5 cm-thick glass layers.
The thermostat in the house is set at 24 0C and the average temperature outside at that
location is 8 0C during the seven-month long heating season. Disregarding any direct
radiation gain or loss through the windows and taking the heat transfer coefficients at the
inner and outer surfaces of the house to be 7 and 18 W/m2 0C, respectively, determine the
average rate of heat transfer through each wall.
If the house is electrically heated and the price of electricity is $0.08/kWh, determine the
amount of money this household will save per heating season by converting the single-pane
windows to double-pane windows.
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Solution
• Assumptions: 1 Steady heat transfer , 2 Heat transfer is one-dimensional,
3 Thermal conductivities of the glass and air are constant. 4 Heat transfer
by radiation is disregarded.
• Properties: k = 0.026 W/m⋅°C for air, and 0.78 W/m⋅°C for glass.
• Analysis:
1 1
Ri 0.003571 0C/W
hi A 7 10 4
Lwall Lwall / k 2.31
R wall 0.05775 0 C/W
kA A 10 4
1 1
Ro 0.001389 0 C/W
ho A 18 10 4
R total Ri Rwall Ro 0.003571 0.05775 0.001389 0.06271 0C/W
T1 T2 24 8 255.1 W
Q
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Rtotal 0.06271
:
1 1
Ri 0.001786 0 C/W
hi A 7 20 4
Lwall Lwall / k 2.31
R wall 0.033382 0 C/W
kA A 20 4 512 1.8
Lglass 0.005
Rglass 0.002968 0 C/W
kA 0.78 1.2 1.8
1 1 1 1 1
5 5 R eq 0.000583 0 C/W
R eq Rwall Rglass 0.033382 0.002968
1 1
Ro 0.000694 0 C/W
ho A 18 20 4
R total Ri Req Ro 0.001786 0.000583 0.000694 0.003063 0 C/W
T1 - T2 24 8 5224 W
Q
R total 0.003063
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1 1
Ri 0.001786 0 C/W
hi A 7 20 4
Lwall Lwall / k 2.31
R wall 0.033382 0 C/W
kA A 20 4 512 1.8
Lglass 0.005
Rglass 0.002968 0 C/W
kA 0.78 1.2 1.8
Lair 0.015
R air 0.267094 0 C/W
k air A 0.0261.2 1.8
R window 2 Rglass Rair 2 0.002968 0.267094 0.27303 0 C/W
1 1 1 1 1
5 5 R eq 0.020717 0 C/W
R eq Rwall Rglass 0.033382 0.27303
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1 1
Ro 0.000694 0 C/W
ho A 18 20 4
R total Ri Req Ro 0.001786 0.020717 0.000694 0.023197 0C/W
T1 - T2 24 8 690 W
Q
R total 0.023197
4534
Qsave Qsavet kW 7 30 24 hr 22851 kWhr
1000
Money savings Energy saved unit cost of energy
13 22851 0.08 $1818
Problem
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Solution
• Assumptions: 1. steady state, 2. one-dimensional, 3. Thermal conductivities are
constant. 4 Thermal contact resistances at the interfaces are disregarded.
• Properties: kA = kF = 2, kB = 8, kC = 20, kD = 15, kE = 35 W/m⋅°C.
• Analysis :
L 0.01
R1 RA 0.04 0 C/W
kA A 2 0.12
L 0.05
R2 R4 RC 0.06 0 C/W
kA C 20 0.04
L 0.05
R3 RB 0.16 0C/W
kA B 8 0.04
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L 0.1
R5 RD 0.11 0 C/W
kA D 15 0.06
L 0.1
R6 RE 0.05 0 C/W
kA E 35 0.06
L 0.06
R7 RF 0.25 0 C/W
kA F 2 0.12
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Requ, mid1 0.0250 C/W
Requ, mid1 R2 R3 R4 0.06 0.16 0.06
1 1 1 1 1
Requ, mid2 0.0340 C/W
Requ, mid2 R5 R6 0.11 0.05
Rtotal R1 Requ, mid1 Requ, mid2 R7 0.04 0.025 0.034 025 0.3490 C/W
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T1 T2 300 100
Q 572 W
R total 0.349
58
Q total 572 1.91105 W
0.12
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Problem
A 3 mm diameter and 5 m long electrical wire is tightly wrapped with a 2 mm
thick plastic cover whose thermal conductivity is k = 0.15 W/m°C. Electrical
measurements indicate that a current of 10A passes through the wire and there
is a voltage drop of 8V along the wire.
If the insulating wire is exposed to a medium at T∞ = 30°C with a heat transfer
coefficient of h = 24 W/m2 °C, find the temperature at the interface of the wire
and the plastic cover in steady state operation. Also, determine the effect of
doubling the thickness of the plastic cover on the interface temperature.
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Solution
Analysis:
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Finish
Chapter 3
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