Online/Blended Learning Competencies: Nikko Canda Bsedenglish MATH 145

Nikko Canda BSEDENGLISH
MATH 145
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OR RELATED LITERATURE
Online/Blended Learning Competencies
The 1st part of the literature review is about the factors
affecting student performance, but now we will focus
factors/motivators that may help contribute to successful learning
experiences amidst the new normal. Michael, Gila, Insung,
Katsuaki, and Barbara (2013) stated that because of this flexible,
open and extended nature of online learning environment, it is
important for learners to set realistic expectations for their own
online study and maintain goal-oriented attitudes. They should also
be about to meet various challenges and manage time well.
Learners are obliged to comply with academic and ethical practices,
and respect legal standards. Learners should also acquire a
sufficient level of technical knowledge and skills. This is a helpful

guideline that help improve the learning experience for students in
the new normal.
Self-efficacy in the New Normal
The coronavirus pandemic has spawned a consequent concern
of our educational institutions to carry on their respective missions
by providing on-line learning sessions. With this format, there are
among our students who feel inadequate to attend to their assigned
readings in their subjects. They have been used to their lecturers
explain to them in more informal ways the website material. While
there are apps to remedy these virtual class sessions, such as
virtual interchange through chats or Zoom or Google classroom,
these apps though available, are not always readily accessible
because of the unevenness of internet accessibility. However,
besides innovative on-line activities, there is one other thing to
assist them with, that is, by fostering in them self-efficacy.
Psychologists likewise stress Bandura’s time-tested theory that
mastery experiences are the most effective way in building one’s

self-efficacy. Vicarious experiences that social models provided are
also a source of inspiration. They strengthen one’s self-beliefs of
efficacy. Verbal persuasion, such as words of encouragement from a
trusted friend or higher up, such as one’s professor or boss
confirming confidence in one’s ability, is another way of building
one’s beliefs of one’s self-efficacy.
A face of education under the new normal
The move to change the academic calendar year from June to
August 2020 is consistent with Section 3 of Republic Act No. 7797,
otherwise known as “An Act to Lengthen the School Calendar from
200 Days to Not More than 220 Class Days.” The law states that the
school year, effective 1995-96, shall start on the first Monday of
June but not later than the last day of August. In the
implementation of this Act, the Secretary of the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), now the Department of
Education (DepEd), shall determine the end of the regular school
year. All higher education institutions (HEIs) are also obliged to

follow the provisions of this law. In some remote areas or barangays
without internet connectivity but without the presence of COVID-19
case since the start of pandemic may go offline or blended learning
system. These public and private schools should be ready to
implement flexible learning as an alternative to traditional
classroom learning before the start of classes. This includes having
their lesson through radio, television or cellular phones as what is
applicable in the area where the learning process takes place. For
this reason there might be changes in the contents of school
curriculum, syllabi, lesson planning and scheduling of classes.
Various learning delivery options such as but not limited to face-to-
face, blended learnings, distance learnings, homeschooling and
other modes of delivery shall be adopted. The possibility of
alternating school days for students or staggered conduct of classes
is also pushed by some of our authorities in education. This is to
decongest the number of students inside the classroom and ensure
the students and teachers’ safety in school areas with physical
attendance. In schools where face-to-face modality is allowed, there
shall be a maximum of 15 to 20 learners in a class. This is in

compliance with the social distancing measures set by the
Department of Health (DOH).

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Nikko Canda BSEDENGLISH

REVIEW OR RELATED LITERATURE

Online/Blended Learning Competencies

The 1st part of the literature review is about the factors

affecting student performance, but now we will focus

factors/motivators that may help contribute to successful learning

experiences amidst the new normal. Michael, Gila, Insung,

Katsuaki, and Barbara (2013) stated that because of this flexible,

open and extended nature of online learning environment, it is

important for learners to set realistic expectations for their own

online study and maintain goal-oriented attitudes. They should also

be about to meet various challenges and manage time well.

Learners are obliged to comply with academic and ethical practices,

and respect legal standards. Learners should also acquire a

sufficient level of technical knowledge and skills. This is a helpful

the new normal.

Self-efficacy in the New Normal

The coronavirus pandemic has spawned a consequent concern

of our educational institutions to carry on their respective missions

by providing on-line learning sessions. With this format, there are

among our students who feel inadequate to attend to their assigned

readings in their subjects. They have been used to their lecturers

explain to them in more informal ways the website material. While

there are apps to remedy these virtual class sessions, such as

virtual interchange through chats or Zoom or Google classroom,

these apps though available, are not always readily accessible

because of the unevenness of internet accessibility. However,

besides innovative on-line activities, there is one other thing to

assist them with, that is, by fostering in them self-efficacy.

Psychologists likewise stress Bandura’s time-tested theory that

mastery experiences are the most effective way in building one’s

also a source of inspiration. They strengthen one’s self-beliefs of

efficacy. Verbal persuasion, such as words of encouragement from a

trusted friend or higher up, such as one’s professor or boss

confirming confidence in one’s ability, is another way of building

one’s beliefs of one’s self-efficacy.

A face of education under the new normal

The move to change the academic calendar year from June to

August 2020 is consistent with Section 3 of Republic Act No. 7797,

otherwise known as “An Act to Lengthen the School Calendar from

school year, effective 1995-96, shall start on the first Monday of

implementation of this Act, the Secretary of the Department of

Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), now the Department of

Education (DepEd), shall determine the end of the regular school

year. All higher education institutions (HEIs) are also obliged to

without internet connectivity but without the presence of COVID-19

case since the start of pandemic may go offline or blended learning

system. These public and private schools should be ready to

implement flexible learning as an alternative to traditional

classroom learning before the start of classes. This includes having

their lesson through radio, television or cellular phones as what is

this reason there might be changes in the contents of school

curriculum, syllabi, lesson planning and scheduling of classes.

Various learning delivery options such as but not limited to face-to-

face, blended learnings, distance learnings, homeschooling and

other modes of delivery shall be adopted. The possibility of

alternating school days for students or staggered conduct of classes

is also pushed by some of our authorities in education. This is to

decongest the number of students inside the classroom and ensure

the students and teachers’ safety in school areas with physical

attendance. In schools where face-to-face modality is allowed, there

shall be a maximum of 15 to 20 learners in a class. This is in