Planet Earth

Vocabulary Aa Bb

1 Complete the crossword.

2

1 3

4 6
3 4
5

8 5 6

Across
1 a long line of very big hills
4 a long turning flow of water 7 8
5 an area with a lot of trees, plants and animals
8 an area with a lot of sand, but not many plants and Vocabulary extension 
almost no water
3 Complete the sentences with these
9 a piece of land with water all around it prepositions.
Down
2 an area between two hills after  •  away  •  down  •  in  •  up  •  out  •  out
3 similar to 5 across, but here it rains a lot
1 We throw too much rubbish these
6 an area next to the sea with sand, where some
people go to spend their holidays days.
7 a big, cold area that covers the land and sea around 2 Soon we are going to run of oil for
the North and South Pole
energy.

2 Complete the environment words with the missing 3 If we cut too many trees in
vowels (a, e, i, o, u). Match them to the correct the rainforest, it can cause problems for the
pictures.
environment.
a dr   ght e  z   n  l   y   r
4 We are building more houses in the countryside
b fl   d f r   cycl  and some plants and animals are dying
c gl   b   l w   rm   ng g s   v  w   t   r .
d gr   nh   s   ff   ct h w   st  w   t   r 5 The government needs to invest money
renewable energy sources.
6 If we don’t look the environment,
we won’t have a good life in the future.
7 Companies need to come with new
ways of producing cleaner energy.
1 2

48 Unit 6    I can talk about geographical features and the environment

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 Reading

1 Look at the picture and answer the question.

Why do you think the beefburger is important? Read the article to check your answer.
a It’s a new recipe. b It’s a new form of cooking. c It’s a new type of meat.

The world’s most expensive burger

1 Many chefs today use science to help them create
new and exciting recipes. Recently, a top chef
is probably not going to happen. Most people want to
have meat in their diet. Experts say that this is because
cooked a very special beefburger in London and meat was originally very important in early human
there were pictures and stories in the newspapers development. The calories in cooked meat helped us
about it. But the meal wasn’t for a restaurant or grow bigger brains! So, the attraction of meat is still
cookery book – it was an example of how to solve a part of our nature. This means that we will need to find
growing problem. And the beef in the burger wasn’t another way to solve the problem.
from a cow – it was from a science laboratory!
4 This is why the beefburger created in London was so
2 The world’s population is growing fast and by
2060 it will be about 9.5 billion. There is a lot of
important. Scientists today are trying to grow artificial
meat in laboratories. They are aiming to produce a food
concern about food. How are we going to provide that tastes exactly like beef, lamb or chicken and the
enough food for everyone? Most people want to beef burger was their first finished product. However –
have meat in their diet, but if we continue to eat as there is still a lot of work to do. The person who ate the
much meat as we do now, this will definitely be a burger thought it was quite dry and not very tasty. Also
big problem because it will have an impact on the – it cost €250,000. Let’s hope the price goes down a lot
environment. Firstly, keeping the number of animals more before they go on sale at the supermarket!
that we’ll need will increase pollution enormously.
It will produce about fifty percent of the amount
of pollution that comes from all the planes, cars
and other forms of transport. This is because cows
produce many different types of gas that are bad for
our atmosphere, like methane and ammonia. These
cause global warming and acid rain. And secondly,
we won’t have enough space or water for all the
animals – certainly not enough to give them a good
quality of life, which is important.

3 Obviously, the easiest answer might be for people

to eat less or stop eating meat. Unfortunately, this

2 Read the article again and circle the correct 3 CRITICAL THINKING
alternative. Write the number of the
paragraph where you found the answer. Which of these ideas does the writer agree with? You
can choose more than one.
1 The beefburger in London was/wasn’t
a People will stop eating meat.
the first of its type.
b We should limit population growth.
2 Animals contribute/don’t contribute to
c Animals should have a good quality of life.
pollution.
d All beefburgers are very tasty.
3 Meat was/wasn’t very important in the e We can’t continue to produce meat in the same
human development. way as we do now.
4 The world’s population will f Meat needs to be cheap enough for people to
afford it.
keep getting bigger/stay the same.
5 They hope that future meat will/won’t
have a similar taste to beef and chicken. 4 Match the underlined words in the article with the
meanings.
6 The beefburger in London
1 people’s characteristics and behaviour
attracted/didn’t attract a lot of publicity.
2 decreases
3 not real
4 very much
5 nice to eat

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 Grammar in context
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 3 Circle the correct alternative.
be going to or will. 1 A: The phone is ringing.
Don’t worry!
1 I can’t do this exercise! B: I’m going to/’ll get it.
help you! 2 A: Do you want to come to a party on Saturday?
B: I can’t. My family and I are going to/will go to
London for the weekend.
3 How old are you going to/will you be next birthday?
4 He’s putting his coat on. He ’s going to/will go out.
5 It’s cold in here. I’m going to/’ll close the window.

4 Match the sentences (1–8) with the symbols (a–e).

2 3 1 Perhaps it’ll rain. 5 It might rain.

2 It definitely won’t rain. 6 It’ll probably rain.
3 It may rain. 7 It probably won’t
4 It’s possible that it’ll rain.
rain.
8 It’ll definitely rain.

a ••• = Yes, certain.

b •• = Yes, more or less certain.

c • = Maybe yes, maybe no.



d • • = No, more or less certain.

Next week I It be my
see my favourite 16th birthday next week.

e • • • = No, certain.
group in concert. I’ve
already got my ticket.

4 5 5 Put the words in order. Then give a percentage

of certainty for each, 50, 80 or 100.
1 team the win our Perhaps competition will .
= %
2 tonight won’t It probably cold be .
= %
3 will finish my homework soon I definitely .
= %
 4 out tomorrow She won’t definitely go .
We think that the It looks like it
= %
economy be
get better soon. hot today. 5 do the They week may exam next .
= %
2 Complete the rules with be going to or will. Then
6 this My probably call brother will afternoon .
match them with the sentences from 1.
= %
a We use to make predictions based
on some sort of evidence.
Grammar challenge 
b We use to make a general prediction,
6 Find and correct nine mistakes in the text.
often after verbs like think, hope or expect.
I’m not feeling very well so I won’t definitely go
c We use to talk about an objective swimming this evening. Mum is made me an
truth in the future. appointment and I’ll see the doctor this afternoon.
He will tell me to stay in the bed – I’m not sure. I’ll
d We use to talk about plans or expect Miss Jones will give back our homework in
intentions. class tomorrow. May you collect mine for me, please?
I definitely will be at home this evening and I’ll
e We use for decisions that we make probable be in bed – so I’ll phoning you then.
at the moment of speaking.

50 Unit 6    I can talk about future plans and intentions using be going to, will, may and might

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 Developing vocabulary and listening Aa

STUDY SKILLS

What’s your main objective the first time you listen to a

listening text?
➤ STUDY SKILLS page 95

3 23 Listen again and complete the sentences from

the dialogue. Use the words in the box to help you.

annoyed  •  energy  •  good signal  •  homework 

information  •  permission  •  work  •  worse

1 Yesterday we
from Miss Barber.
1 Look at these possible meanings for get. Rewrite
the sentences by omitting get or get to and using 2 My dad works for a company that looks at different
the correct form of the words in the box. ways of
from the wind and the sea.
arrive (at)  •  become  •  bring  •  obtain/buy  •  receive
3 The situation is .
1 When do you get angry?
4 They have to
When do you become angry?
from people to build wind farms.
2 How many emails do you get a week?
5 My dad

when people refuse.
3 What time do you usually get to school?
6 Perhaps your dad can

and pictures.
4 Do you get presents for your parents when it’s their
birthday? 7 If I go online where I live, I
.
5 Are you going to get something to eat or drink on 8 He’ll email you some information when
the way home after school?
.

6 Does your bedroom get hot in the summer? Vocabulary extension 
4 Match the phrasal verbs (1–5) with their
7 What time do you usually get home after school? meanings (a–e). Use your dictionary if
necessary.

8 Do you get tired of watching TV? 1 I get up at seven o’clock every day.
2 I get back from school at five o’clock.

9 What did you get for your last birthday? 3 I got out of the meeting just before lunch.
4 I’m getting behind with my project. I’ve

only done half of it and I need to give it in
10 Have you ever got a famous person’s autograph?
tomorrow.

5 Why don’t we get together at the weekend?
11 Please get me the pen that’s on the table.
a return

b spend time together
2  listening  23 Listen to the dialogue and answer the c leave
question.
d leave your bed after sleeping
What is the girl’s project about?
e do something slower or later than necessary
a how climate change is caused
b how to reduce climate change
c how to deal with climate change

I can understand people talking about climate change    Unit 6 51

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 Grammar in context
1 Circle the correct alternative to complete the rules. 5 Write sentences in the first conditional using the
1 We use the zero conditional to talk about a specific,
prompts below.
unique situation/something that is generally true. 1 If/he/have a problem/he/speak to the teacher.
2 We use the present simple in one half/both halves of
the sentence.
2 I/go to the doctor/if/my hand/hurt tomorrow.

2 Match the halves to make sentences.

3 He/not be happy/if/he/miss the bus.
1 If you go online at my house,

2 If you run as fast as you can,
4 If/my sister/go to music lessons/my mum/buy her
3 If you write too quickly, a guitar.
4 If you read the newspaper every day,
5 If you look regularly at your vocabulary list, 5 If/you/see the film tomorrow/you/know how the
story ends.
6 If you work on a computer all day,

7 If you refuse to have wind or solar farms,
6 The teacher/give me a bad mark/if/I/not give her
a you know what’s happening in the world. my homework.
b you don’t help the environment.
c your eyes sometimes hurt. 7 You/not see me/if/you/come late.
d you often make mistakes.

e you remember words more easily.
8 If/you/not switch off your mobile phone/people/
f you don’t get a good signal. get angry.
g you get tired very quickly.

9 The picnic/be a disaster/if/the weather/be bad.

10 If/we/not go to the shops/we/not have enough food.

Grammar challenge 

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the verbs given.

3 Circle the correct alternative to complete the rules. 1 If Michael (not come)

1 We use the first conditional to talk about possible/ soon, I (go) home.
impossible situations and their consequences. 2 I just
2 We use the present simple/will in the half of the
(see) the weather forecast
sentence with if.
and it (rain) tomorrow.
4 Circle the correct alternative. 3 When I (wake) up during
1 If we make/will make changes now, the weather in the night, the wind (blow)
the future won’t be/isn’t so bad.
very hard.
2 She doesn’t/won’t come tonight if you don’t/
won’t invite her. 4 We (go) to the
3 If our car doesn’t/won’t work tomorrow, my dad beach on Saturday, but I’m not sure. If my
takes/will take it to the garage. dad (not work), we
4 If you need/will need help next week, I come/ (definitely go).
will come.
5 The police arrest/will arrest him tomorrow if they 5 Our class (watch) a
find/will find evidence. documentary about climate change next week.
6 If you play/will play that song again, I go/will go mad. The teacher thinks it (be)
7 If she doesn’t/won’t play in the next match, her team very interesting for us.
loses/will lose.

52 Unit 6    I can use the zero and first conditionals

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 Developing speaking
1  listening 24 Listen and complete the dialogue with
Describing pictures 
the words in the box.
4 Look at the photo and write your answers to
about  •  don’t  •  fancy  •  great  •  how  the questions in your notebook. If you’re not
OK  •  shall  •  up sure of something, use I think and/or I imagine.
1 Who can you see in the photo?
Katie: What are you (a) to tomorrow?
2 Where are they?
Tom: Nothing really. What (b) you? 3 What are they doing?
Katie: Nothing planned. Do you (c) 4 How do you think the people are feeling? Why?
going to the Planet Earth exhibition in town?
Tom: Sure. What time (d) we meet?
Katie: (e) about half past ten?
Tom: Fine. Why (f) we meet at the bus
stop next to my house?
Katie: (g) but where shall we meet if
it rains?
Tom: Come straight to my house.
Katie: Good idea. I’ll see if Amy wants to come.
5  listening  26 Listen to a student talking about
Tom: (h) ! See you tomorrow.
the photo. Complete the text.

2 Complete the list with phrases from the dialogue. There are two people in the picture. I think they’re
Asking about somebody’s plans friends and they’re (a) together.
a They’re in the (b) and it looks very
beautiful. In the (c) there’s a lake
b Do you ?
Arranging to meet or a river and they are cycling on a track going
(d) it. There are some mountains
c What time ?
(e) the background and the weather
d
(f) very good. The people are perhaps
e (g) a cycling holiday or perhaps they’re
Responding to plans and arrangements cycling at the weekend for (h) . I think
f they’re enjoying the activity. It’s good to see lovely
g countryside and it’s good to be (i) , too.

h
6  speaking  Now look at the second photo and
answer the same questions.
Pronunciation

3 25 Read the questions. Which sentences go

up at the end? Listen and check.
1 What are you up to tomorrow?
2 What about you?
3 Are you up to anything tonight?
4 Where shall we meet?
5 What time shall we meet?
6 Do you like art exhibitions?
7 How about half past ten?
8 Why don’t we meet at the bus stop?
9 Do you fancy going to an exhibition?

I can make arrangements    Unit 6 53

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 Developing writing
1 Complete the table by putting the linkers in the 4 Plan a letter to the newspaper about the idea for
correct place. a new airport. Do not write complete sentences.

Finally  •  Firstly  •  Furthermore  •  However  Paragraph 1: Express your opinion and explain your main
Nevertheless  •  Next  •  What’s more
reason for it.

Sequence Addition Contrast

Paragraph 2: Give an additional reason for your opinion.

2 Read the letter in the newspaper. Which reason
for objecting to a new airport is not mentioned?
a pollution
b increased traffic
c cost
d loss of countryside Paragraph 3: Finish with one final reason for your opinion.

Letters to the editor

Not another airport!
Let’s make it clear right from the start. The
government wants to build a new airport here in STUDY SKILLS
the city, but I am totally against the idea. Doesn’t
the government realise that another airport Read the letter again. Why is it important to divide
means more planes, and more planes mean more texts into paragraphs when we write?
pollution? That means air pollution and noise
pollution. And what about the people who live ➤ STUDY SKILLS page 95
in the area where they want to build this new
airport? How will they live with all this pollution
from the sky? And how will they live with all the 5 Write your letter here. Use the linkers from 1.
road traffic that this airport will bring to the
area? A new airport? I say NO.
Dear Editor,
Mr. Jones, London
I am writing in response to a letter about airports which
appeared in your newspaper last Wednesday.
Firstly,



Next,

3 Complete the sentences from a reader’s letter
with the correct alternative. 

owever, there will 
1 I agree with Mr. Jones. Firstly/H
from the planes. Next/
be a lot more pollution Finally,
for peo ple who live in the area
Nevertheless, life
traffic. Next/Finally, 
will be terrible because of the
, it will cost a
if they build an airport like this 
fortune!

d more airports.
2 Some people say that we nee e with this idea. I will be interested in hearing other readers’ opinions
Furthermore/However, I don’t agre
el so mu ch because we on this question.
People don’t need to trav
hav e inte rna tion al meetings
use the Internet to Yours faithfully,
s more, we could
and things like that. Next/What’
st in airports on
spend the money that we inve
improving the roads.

54 Unit 6    I can write a formal letter

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 Revision: Units 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Circle the correct alternative. 1 Put the letters in order to find different
1 I don’t really know, but Joe may/will win the
geographical features.
competition. 1 leungj j
2 It won’t probably/probably won’t rain tomorrow.
2 trsofe f
3 They say it is snowing/is going to snow tomorrow
because it’s so cold. 3 tesdre d
4 The effects will definitely/definitely will be terrible. 4 mintoanu grean m r
5 Nobody is certain, but humans will/might travel to
Mars in around 2050. 5 lidnas i

6 A: Someone’s at the door! B: OK, I’ll/’m going to go. 6 cabhe b

7 layvle v
2 Complete the sentences with the first or zero
conditional form of the verbs given. 8 naceo o

1 If she (go) to London, she’ll

2 Match the words in the box with the definitions.
be able to see the London Eye. There are more words than definitions.
2 She won’t say anything if you
drought  •  flood  •  global warming  •  greenhouse effect
(tell) her a secret. ozone layer  •  recycle  •  save  •  waste
3 If you put snow in your hand, your hand
1 when it rains a lot and rivers get too big
(get) cold. 2 when you save old things to use the
4 If we have the chance, we materials again

(travel) all around Europe next summer. 3 when you use things in an unnecessary
way
5 If you look directly at the sun, it 4 the thing which protects the earth from
(be) bad for your eyes. the sun

6 Sara (do) well in tomorrow’s 5 when it doesn’t rain and there is no

water
exam if she (think) carefully.
6 when you stop using something or use
very little
3 Rewrite the sentences using the word given. Do
not change the meaning.
3 Find a synonym for get in these sentences.
1 Anna might phone later and then we can go
shopping together. 1 I’ll get your bag.
if 2 Can you get me a newspaper
when you go to the shops?
2 This is my first visit to France. 3 She usually gets home early.
never
4 Match the sentences (1–5) with the follow up
sentences (a–e).
3 It’s possible that we’ll get our results tomorrow.
might 1 I’ve got stomach ache.

2 That book is really informative.

4 Jack’s bag wasn’t as expensive as mine. 3 The film will be repeated tomorrow.
more
4 A man burgled Dad’s shop.

5 I made a lot of mistakes.
5 What did your new laptop cost you?
much a I learned a lot.
b I ate too much.

c I got a bad mark.
6 We’ve lived here for two years.
d It’s on channel three.
ago
e The police have got a description.

Grammar and vocabulary revision    Units 1–6 55

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 Gateway to exams: Units 5–6

Reading
1 Read about a cameraman called Matt Howard. Choose the best answers.

Life behind film of a bird, insect or animal, you can

sometimes spend a day or a week looking
an old camera. It’s true that the new
cameras aren’t as heavy as the old

the camera
for them. And animals aren’t like actors. ones.’ But sometimes Matt carries 35
They don’t just appear when you want kilos, climbs up a mountain, and tries
them to. Sometimes they never appear!’ to film at the same time!
Matt Howard is a cameraman who works Matt knows that his job is very important. Matt knows what he wants when he
on nature documentaries. He has filmed all When he travels to ice caps or deserts, he makes films. ‘I want to film things
over the world in jungles, rainforests and sees that the environment is changing. that people have never seen before. Or
deserts. Here he tells us about his job. His job is to film a world that may I want to film things they’ve seen, but
disappear one day. ‘If the environment in a new way. I want it to be a unique
‘To film nature documentaries, it’s experience for the people watching.’
important to be good with a camera, continues to change because of global
warming, the only place where you’ll be In the future, Matt hopes to do more
obviously. But, in my opinion, it’s more work filming underwater. He thinks
important to be interested in plants and able to see some animals and insects is this will be very exciting for him and
animals. If you aren’t, the work can be in nature documentaries. I hope our work
helps people to understand that we all for viewers. New technology is making
really boring. To make a two-minute underwater filming more and more
need to do something to save the planet.’
interesting.
Generally, changes in technology make
Matt’s life easier. ‘High-definition (HD) And the scariest experience he’s
cameras help to get better pictures. But ever had? ‘We were making a TV
if you make a small mistake with an HD programme about polar bears in the
camera, it looks much worse than with Arctic ice cap. We weren’t filming at
the time, we were sleeping. Suddenly
I heard the sound of a polar bear right
next to my ear. I was too frightened
to open my eyes. It stayed there for
five minutes and then left. Believe me,
they were the longest five minutes of
my life!’

1 Matt says that … 4 Matt thinks that new HD cameras …

a he doesn’t like his job much because it isn’t very a always take better pictures than old cameras.
exciting. b are lighter than old cameras.
b it can take a long time to make a short film. c usually take worse pictures than old cameras.
c the most important thing in his job is the camera. 5 Matt …
2 Matt also says that animals … a wants people to see something new and different when
a don’t always do what you want. they watch his work.
b don’t like actors. b has done a lot of work underwater.
c don’t like appearing in films. c thinks cameramen need more advanced technology.
3 Matt thinks his work is important because … 6 A few years ago Matt …
a he is protecting some animals, insects and plants. a had a frightening experience when a polar bear came
b it may be the only way that people can see some too close.
animals and insects in the future. b became frightened of filming polar bears.
c he makes programmes about saving the planet. c couldn’t sleep because of the noise polar bears made.

Listening
2  listening  27 Listen to a radio programme where people are giving
their opinions about famous people who speak on TV about the
environment and other world problems. Match the speakers (1–4)
with their opinions (a–e). There is one option that you do not need.

Speaker 1 Speaker 3
Speaker 2 Speaker 4

a Famous people do a lot of good for environmental problems.

b Generally, the public isn’t very interested in environmental questions.
c The most important thing is for people to talk about what they know.
d Famous people are just interested in getting attention for themselves. The Leonardo DiCaprio
e It’s better for famous people to give a good example than to tell other Foundation helps protect wildlife.
people what to do.

56 Units 5–6   Gateway to exams

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 Use of English ! Common mistakes 
3 Complete the second sentences so that they mean 5 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. In some
the same as the first. You should use between sentences, there is more than one mistake.
three and five words, including the word given.
1 I’m not as clever than my sister at maths.
1 I need to read a book at night to get to sleep. if

I don’t get to sleep at night 2 This is the more difficult grammar I’ve ever done.
a book.

2 It’s possible that we’ll have a test in class 3 Bye! I’m going to see you later.
tomorrow. might

in class tomorrow. 4 Do you help me if I can’t understand this text?
3 I don’t earn as much as David does. than
I David does. 5 I get headaches if I’ll stay in bed too long in the
mornings.
4 I might come home early and then I can cook dinner.

 if
6 It wasn’t enough warm for sunbathing yesterday,
I’ll cook dinner . unfortunately.
5 Learning Russian is more difficult than learning
French. as 7 Are you up at anything at the weekend?
Learning Russian
learning French. 8 It might definitely rain later. I’m sure of it.

6 Gary is too young to learn to drive. enough

Gary 9 This cake is too tasty. Can I have another piece?

to learn to drive.
10 We may to go skiing next year. I’d love that.
7 I’ve decided to talk to the teacher after the lesson.
 going
11 Do you fancy to come round later?
I
to the teacher after the lesson.
12 I got a good grade for French. That is more, I
8 The clothes in London are cheaper than the clothes came top in science.
in New York. more

The clothes in New York
the clothes in London.

Writing
4 You recently saw a documentary on television
about the environment. Write a review of the
programme for your school website. Write about:
• basic information about the programme
(title/channel/time of day)
• a description of the programme (mention the
environmental issues it talked about)
• why you did or did not like it
• your recommendation

Gateway to exams    Units 5–6 57

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