2nd Year BDS Curriculum

nd
2 Year
BDS Curriculum
(Revised 2019-20)
National University of Medical Sciences

Pakistan
1
Contents
Ser Topic Page No
1. Community and Preventative Dentistry 07
2. Gen Pathology & Microbiology 18
3. Pharmacology& Therapeutics 29
4. Science of Dental Materials 41
Pre-clinical Prosthodontics 56
5.
6. Pre-clinical Operative Dentistry 64
Table of Specification
1. Community and Preventative Dentistry

76
2. Gen Pathology & Microbiology 78
3. Pharmacology& Therapeutics 80
4. Science of Dental Materials 82
5. Pre-clinical Operative Dentistry & Pre-clinical 85

Prosthodontics
2
BDS PROGRAMME AT NUMS
Vision:
To be recognized as a leader in dental education, research, patient care and service.
Mission:
To be known for innovative dental education, commitment to cultural diversity, discovery,
transfer of scientific knowledge, the superior skills of our graduates and the highest degree
of patient care and service, through core values of:
 Excellence
 Integrity
 Collaboration
 Courtesy
 Compassion
 Diversity
 Professionalism
3
Guidelines: 2nd Year BDS Curriculum
Preamble.
This curriculum meets the standards of Pakistan Medical and Dental Council, Higher
Education Commission of Pakistan, and World Federation of Medical Education, so that our
students, on completion of program have required competencies as defined worldwide in a
graduate doctor. The curriculum for 2nd year BDS has been reviewed by faculty of
constituent/affiliated colleges in collaboration with Academic Directorate of NUMS
Contact Hours
Total Contact Hours of each subject as per PM&DC is under: -
Subject Contact Hours

General Pathology 250
General Pharmacology 250
Sciences of Dental Materials 300
Community and Preventive Dentistry 190
Pre-clinical Operative Dentistry 100
Pre-clinical Prosthodontics 100
*Behavioral Sciences 10
*Behavioral Science may be taught as a part of community & Preventive Dentistry
Educational strategies:
The educational strategies overarching the curriculum shall be:
Student centered
Integration
Problem based
Structured
With component of community based and electives
4
Teaching and Learning methods (MIT)
Multiple learning strategies are used. Interactive lectures are used to provide students
entrance to topic needing much effort by the student to understand subject matter. We have
used Problem based learning to integrate basic and clinical sciences, and give a learning
experience that is contextual, realistic, and relevant. Small group discussions encourage
students to social learning bring their concepts and learning to be discussed and schemas
corrected and refined. Working in labs provides experiential, hand on learning.
Time table / Structured Training Program
The colleges shall make their own structured training program, taking care of recommended
teaching hours in a subject as described by PM&DC.
Internal Assessment.
The weightage of internal assessment shall be 10 % in 2nd professional BDS Examination.
Examination.
There will be two mid-term & term examinations followed by a pre-Annual and an annual
examination each year.
The structure of the paper of all the term examinations and pre-annual will be same as
that for annual examination though syllabus will be different.
The structure of Mid-term exam will be exactly half of the term exam. The syllabus
for mid-term & term examinations will be announced by the department at least
02 weeks prior to examination.
Pre-annual examination will be from whole syllabus.
The date sheet for mid-term, term and pre-annual examinations will be published by
Examination branch of college while the examinations will be conducted by respective
department.
The result will be submitted to examination branch for record.
The University shall take the 2nd professional Examination as per PM&DC guidelines at the
end of the academic year. Annual Theory & Practical Examination shall be of 100 marks each
in; Community & Preventive Dentistry, Science of Dental Materials, Gen Pathology &
Microbiology, Pharmacology& Therapeutics, Pre-clinical Operative Dentistry Pre-clinical
Prosthodontics. The pass score shall be 50% in theory and practical separately.
5
Second Professional BDS Exam
(Distribution of Marks)
Overview
Theory Practical
Grand
S.No Subject SAQs/ Internal Sub Oral Internal Sub
MCQs Total
SEQs Assess Total &Practical Assess Total
Community & 45 45 10 100 90 10 100 200
1. Preventive
Dentistry
Science of 45 45 10 100 90 10 100 200
2. Dental
Materials
Gen Pathology 45 45 10 100 90 10 100 200
3.
& Microbiology
Pharmacology 45 45 10 100 90 10 100 200
4.
& Therapeutics
Pre-clinical 45 45 10 100 90 10 100 200
Operative
5. Dentistry& Pre-
clinical
Prosthodontics
Total 1000
6
COMMUNITY
AND
PREVENTIVE
DENTISTRY
7
COURSE OUTLINE:
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH AND DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH
 Changing Concepts of Health and Prevention of Disease
 Introduction to Public Health Dentistry/dental public health
SECTION II
ETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECT OF ORAL DISEASES AND
DISORDERS
 Basic/General Epidemiology
 Dental Caries and Epidemiology of Dental Caries
 Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease
 Epidemiology and Etiology of Oral Cancer
 Epidemiology and Etiology of Malocclusion
 Etiology of dental trauma
 Wasting Diseases of Teeth
 Dental Indices
SECTION III
FLUORIDES AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY
 Fluorides in Dentistry
 A global perspective on application of fluoride technology
 Dental Fluorosis and its Prevention
 Pit and Fissure Sealants
 Atraumatic Restorative Treatment
 MID
 Prevention of Dental Caries
 Prevention of Periodontal Disease
 Prevention of oral cancer
 Prevention of Malocclusion
 Prevention of Dental Trauma
SECTION IV
ORAL HEALTH PREVENTION AND PROMOTION
 Introduction and principles of preventive dentistry
 Health Education and Dental Health Education
 Oral Health Promotion
 Occupational Hazards in Dentistry
 Infection Control in Dentistry
8
 Environment and Health
 Nutrition and Oral Health
 Dental Plaque
 Plaque Control /oral hygiene aids
 Diet and Dental Caries
 Caries Risk Assessment
 Caries Activity Tests
 Cariogram
 Dental Caries Vaccine
 Ergonomics in Dentistry
SECTION V
DENTAL HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
 Primary Health Care
 Health Agencies of the World (international and national)
 Public health aspects of dental services
 Hospital administration
 Health Planning and Health Management
 Problems in access and 5 A’s
 Dental needs and resources
 Dental Auxiliaries
 Finance in Dentistry
 Quality Assurance in Oral Healthcare and Role of Clinical Audit
 Planning and Evaluation in oral health
 Dental Practice Management
 Consumer Protection (complaint and consent)
 Comprehensive Dental Care
SECTION VI
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
 Sociology as Applied to Dental Public Health
 Child Psychology
 Behavior Management in Community Dentistry
 Patient doctor communication
 Patient doctor relationship
 Ethics in Dentistry
SECTION VII
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Biostatistics
 Scientific research methods in public health dentistry
9
 Surveying and Oral Health Survey Procedures
 School Dental Health Programs
 Computers in Dentistry
 SPSS
 Endnote
 Systematic review
 Critical analysis
 Writing a research proposal
 Evidence based dentistry
CURRICULUM (NUMS)
INTRODUCTION
 Community Dentistry, also called Dental Public Health aims to educate students on
the art and science of preventing oral disease, promoting oral health and improving
the quality of life of the population with the organized efforts of the society
 It helps students to understand public health programmes
 Basic research methods and statistical principles required in dental research and
epidemiology are also covered
1. INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH AND DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH
AIM:
 Understand various concepts of health; disease and illness and factors affecting
these states.
 Introduction to Public Health Dentistry/dental public health
 Role of preventive dentistry in community health
 Public health aspect of oral disease and disorders
 Role of forensic odontology
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this section the students would be able to
 know the about the basic concepts of community and dental public health
10
 Demonstrate the knowledge and understanding of the concept of public health and
dental public health
 Understand the determinants of health
 Explain methods to eliminate inequalities in oral health
 Comprehend the implications of dental public health in their profession
 How dentistry play a role in forensics
2. ETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECT OF ORAL DISEASES AND

DISORDERS
AIM:
 To make the students learn the community dentistry concepts about etiology, natural
history and epidemiology of oral diseases
 Make the students learn about the diseases of oral health significance
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this section the students would be able to learn
 Current concepts about etiology, natural history and epidemiology of oral diseases
and conditions having public health implications.
 Learn definitions, uses and principles of epidemiology.
 Apply principles of assessment of disease risk and predictive tests, such as oral health
assessment indices.
 Learn to know the Oral diseases of public health significance
1. Dental caries
2. Periodontal disease
3. Oral cancer,screening
4. Malocclussion
5. Dental trauma
6. Developmental enamel defects
7. Fluorosis
11
8. Dentofacial irregularities
9. Root caries
10. Wasting of teeth
3. FLUORIDES AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY
AIM:
Making the students understand fluorides in dentistry and prevention of diseases like
caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancers, malocclusion, dental trauma, dental
fluorosis
Learning Outcomes:
 Fluorides and water fluoridation

 Understand fluorides, their usage, mode of action and classification
 Understanding global perspective on application of fluoride technology
 Use of systemic and topical fluorides
 Understand what is water fluoridation
 Fluoridation
 Understand dental fluorosis, its prevention and defluoridation
 Legal framework and decision making about fluoridation
 The ethics of water fluoridation
 Fluoridation case studies
 Learn to know Pit and fissure sealants

 Learn to know Atraumatic Restorative Treatment
 Learn to know how minimal invasive dentistry plays a preventive role in dentistry
 Learn to know the preventive methods for the following preventable diseases
 Prevention of Dental Caries
 Prevention of Periodontal Disease
 Prevention of oral cancer
 Prevention of Malocclusion
12
 Prevention of Dental Trauma
4. ORAL HEALTH PREVENTION AND PROMOTION

AIM:
Making the students understand know the of levels prevention, principles of health
promotion and specific protection
Learning Outcomes:
 They will get to know the of levels prevention, principles of health promotion and
specific protection
 Learn the significance of infection control protocols and protection from radiation and
mercury hazards in dental practice.
 Role of Environment on Health
 Role of Ergonomics in Dentistry
 Learn the role of diet and nutrition in oral health.
 Effect of nutrition and diets and value of teeth in nutrition
 Nutritional dietary guideline and food policy in oral health
 Sugar consumption
 Learn to know about relationship between Diet and Dental Caries
 Learn to know Caries Risk Assessment
 How to perform Caries Activity Tests
 Learn to know the significance of aCariogram
 Role of Dental Caries Vaccine in preventing caries
 Understand the role of dental plaque in the etiology of dental diseases and methods
of plaque control.
 Care of the teeth of the child during all stages of growth right from infancy
 Principles and strategies of dental scaling
 Principles and strategies of dental health education and promotion
 Principles of oral health behavior and health education
13
5. Dental healthcare delivery system
AIMS:
Make the students understand different health services, planning and evaluation of health
service and basics of health economics
Learning Outcomes:
 Learn the Public health aspects of dental services

 Understand the structure and financing of dental care at international and national
levels and in the armed forces.
 Administration of dental services
 Principles of health economics
 Development of socio dental indicators
 Identify the role of dentists, dental auxiliaries and general health workers in oral
health care.
 Use of health needs assessment to plan oral health care
 Learn to know health needs, quality and ethical issues in dental care.
 Learn about the principles and elements of primary oral health care
 Identify the dental care of primary oral health care of people with special needs
including the elderly, the handicapped, HIV/AIDS patients, school children.
 Learn to know the Health Agencies of the World (international and national)
 Learn to know the Health Planning and Health Management
 Learn to know Quality Assurance in Oral Healthcare and Role of Clinical Audit
 Learn to know Dental Practice Management
 Learn to know how to take consent from patients
 Learn how to handle a complaint in a dental setup
 Learn to know what is Comprehensive Dental Care
6. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
AIMS:
Make the students understand health behavior, its determinants and behavior
management
14
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the meaning and significance of learning behavioral science in dental
practice
 Health behavior and its determinants, attitudes, beliefs and values about health and
illness, theories of health behavior, health behavior models
 Learn about dentist – patient communication, management of stress, fear and anxiety
in dentistry.
 Understand behavior management and modification techniques, counseling,
motivation and compliance.
 Understand the role of a dentist in managing different behaviors in a dental office
 Learn the desirable attitudes in medical/dental professionals
 Explain the meaning and function of emotion and its regulation
 Understand the concept of positive emotions
 Understand how are culture and emotions linked
 Understand how intelligence testing is developed
 Understand what is successful intelligence
 Have enough knowledge to handle children with behavioral difficulties in their clinics
and guide their parents
 Dental ethics
6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
AIM:
To make them understand the epidemiological designs, conducting a school dental
survey, tools of measurement
Learning Outcomes:
 Understand research designs; dental surveys; clinical trials;
 Learn to know the epidemiological study designs
 Learn to conduct school dental survey
 Learn to write research proposal
 Learn to do systematic review
15
 Learn to do critical analysis
 Learn to know basics of computers
 Learn to know about SPSS
 Learn to know endnote
 Learn to know about hypothetical testing and P value
 Get an introduction to bio-statistics: Types of variables, frequency distribution,
measures of central tendency and variability in data and bias
 Understand the methods of sampling, sampling error, probability, normal distribution
 Illustrating presentations and publication
 Evidence based dentistry
PRACTICALS:
A. Clinical Oral Examination
i Exercise on Models and Extracted teeth
ii Exercise on patients in out patients department
 Ergonomics basics
 History taking and examination
 indics: DMFT,CPITN
iii Examination of institutionalized population like school children

 Ergonomics basics
 History taking and examination
 indics: DMFT,CPITN
B. Questionnaire / interview study
i. Designing a questionnaire
ii. Pilot testing the questionnaire
iii Data coding, processing, analysis
iv Data entry softwares: SPSS, ENDNOTE
C. Planning and conducting a dental health education (D.H.E.) session:

i. Designing D.H.E. material
16
ii Planning, conducting and evaluating (D.H.E) sessions
D. Chairside preventive dental procedures
i High fluoride gel application, varish application
ii Fissure sealing
iii Dietry counseling,OHIs
iv Plaque disclosing
v Instructions about Oral Hygiene measures
• Tooth Brushing demonstration
• Flossing techniques
• Inter-dental cleaning
• Chemical control of dental plaque
E. Dental instruments and dental materials

F. Cross infection control:
i. hand washing, PPE,
ii. Needle stick injury &immunization,
iii. disinfection and sterilization,
iv. waste disposal,
v. disinfection of dental unit
E. Poster competition
F. Presentations
G. Assignments
H. DMFT,CPITN cases
I. Quiz competition
Recommended readings:
 Textbook of Preventive and Community Dentistry. 2nd edition. SS Hiremath
 A Textbook of Public Health Dentistry.CM Marya
 Essential Dental Public Health. 2nd edition. Blanaid Daly
17
GENERAL
PATHOLOGY
AND
MICROBIOLOGY
18
Second Professional BDS
Syllabus & Course
GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY
Cell Injury and Cellular Adaptations

Introduction
Causes of cell injury
Ischemic and hypoxic injury
Free radicals and cell injury
Cell death (necrosis) types of necrosis; pathogenesis and clinical examples of
each
Gangrene dry, wet and gas gangrene with clinical examples
Intracellular accumulations
Fatty change – pathogenesis and manifestations of fatty change in liver and
kidneys
Pigments endogenous and exogenous; disorders of pigmentation with special
emphasis on oral pigmentation
Cellular adaptations of growth and differentiation; hypertrophy, hyperplasia,
atrophy, hypoplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia
Calcification – metastatic and dystrophic
Hyaline change
Brief interpretation of Liver function tests and Lipid profile
Brief overview of metabolic disorders: Lipid disorders, steatosis of liver,
hyperlipidemia; Protein disorders; Carbohydrate disorders
Diabetes mellitus; Normal blood glucose levels and diagnostic tests Of Diabetes
mellitus (HbA1C and Glucose tolerance test)
Inflammation
Introduction
Acute inflammation cellular and vascular events
Mononuclear phagocytes system
Chronic inflammation
Chronic granulomatous inflammation
Giant cells
Morphologic patterns in acute and chronic inflammation
Systemic effects of inflammation
Brief interpretation of CBC and ESR
19
Healing and Repair
Introduction
Regeneration
Repair by connective tissue
Healing of skin wounds
Complications of wound healing
Mechanisms involved in repair
Factors affecting healing – local as well as systemic
Healing in specialized tissues (Bone)
Abnormalities of fracture healing
Hemodynamics
Hyperemia and congestion
Edema
Shock – types with pathogenesis and stages
Burns
Thrombosis
Embolism
Infarction
Pathological laboratory diagnosis of Myocardial infarction
Brief interpretation of bleeding and clotting time (PT, aPTT, INR)
Immunology
Introduction
Antigens
The cellular basis of immune reaction
Antibodies
Complement system
Cytokines
The immune response
Transplantation and major histocompatibility antigen
Immune deficiency – congenital and acquired clinical significance of common
immunodeficiencies
Hypersensitivity reactions; pathogenesis and clinical examples
Autoimmunity; pathogenesis and clinical examples
Amyloidosis; classification, pathogenesis and clinical examples
Vaccination
Blood groups
20
Genetic Basis of Disease
Introduction
Mutations
Mendelian disorders
Disorders of defects in enzymes (Gout, Phenylketonuria, Galactosemia,
Lysosomal storage diseases, Glycogen storage diseases)
Cytogenetic disorders molecular diagnosis
Diagnosis of genetic diseases (Brief overview)
Neoplasia
Introduction
Classification of tumors
Nomenclature of tumors
Characteristics of benign and malignant tumors with emphasis on local invasion,
anaplasia and metastasis
Differences between benign and malignant tumors
Differences between carcinomas and sarcomas
Biology of tumor growth
Carcinogenic agents and their cellular interactions
Chemical carcinogenesis
Radiation carcinogenesis
Viral oncogenesis
Oncogenes and cancer
Pathogenesis of cancer
Effect of malignant tumors on host
Oral cancer and precancerous lesions
Laboratory diagnosis of cancer
Submission of histopathological specimen
Recommended Books
Pathological basis of disease Cortan, Kumar, Collins (Robbins)
Text book of Pathology by Waiter and Israel
Microbiology
Cell types: prokaryotes, eukaryotes
Structure of bacteria
Culture media
Basic properties of micro-organisms and their mechanisms of pathogenicity
21
Common bacteria and their pathogenicity: cocci, bacilli, spirochetes:
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Beta hemolytic
Streptococcus Group A & B, Diphtheria species, Bordetella species, Bacillus
anthracis, Clostridium perfringes, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium difficile,
Clostridium tetani, Actinomycesisraelli, Nocardia asteroids, Neisseria
meningitides, Neisseria gonorrhea, Gardenellavaginalis, Hemophilusinfluenzae,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, E.Coli, Klebsiella, Proteus,
Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia pestis, Pseudomonas, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio
parahemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella,
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia, Treponemapallidum, Leptospira,
Rickettsia
Structure and properties of viruses and an overview of common viral infections:

Mumps, Herpes,Measles,Influenza,Parainfluenza,Respiratory syncytial virus,
Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E,Rota,Cytomegalovirus,Epstein bar virus,Rubella,Chicken
pox,Human immunodeficiency virus, Rabies, Dengue virus, Congo virus
Structure and properties of fungi and an overview of common fungal infections:

Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans,
Histoplasma,Coccidioides,Aspergillus,Mucor and Rhizopus,Dermatophytes
Structure and properties of protozoa and an overview of common protozoal

infections: Plasmodium species,Giardia lambdia,Entamoebahistolytica,
Cryptosporidium,Leishmania species, Trichomonasvaginalis,Toxoplasma
gondii,Pneumocystis carinii, Trypanosoma
Structure and properties of parasites and an overview of common parasitic

infections: Ascarislumbricoides, Ancylostomaduodenale, Trichenella,
Trichuristrichiura, Enterobiusvermicularis, Filariala species
(Wuchereriabancrofti), Strongyloides, Schistosoma species, Echinococcus
species, Taeniasoilum, Taeniasaginata, Diphyllobothriumlatum, Hymenolespsis
nana, Onchocerca, Loa loa
The mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents
Mechanisms of resistance in bacteria
Hospital infections
Disinfection and sterilization
The spread of infectious diseases in dentistry
Transportation of microbiological specimen
22
Recommended books
Essentials and Applications of Microbiology Larry Mckane Judy Kandel
Microbiology by Jawetz
Course out line and practical break up for General Pathology and Microbiology for 2nd year
BDS
LECTURE PLAN OF PATHOLOGY – 2ND YEAR BDS

S/No Topics No of Lectures
1. General Pathology and Special Pathology 46
2. Microbiology 56
3. Hematology 04
4. Evaluation in Exams 01
Total= 107
Lecture Hours =107
Practical = 74
Total = 181
DISTRIBUTION OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY TOPICS – 2ND YEAR BDS
S/NO Topics No of Lectures

1. Cell Injury 08
2. Inflammation and Repair 07
3. Hemodynamic 05
4. Amyloidosis 01
5. Neoplasia 07
6. Immunology 07
7. Genetics 06
8. Environmental pathology 02
Tutorials = 06
Total = 48
CELL INJURY
TOTAL NO OF LECTURES – 08
S/NO TOPICS
1. Introduction, Aetiology And Types
2. Mechanisms of free radical, chemical, reversible, irreversible cell injury
3. Necrosis
4. Apoptosis
5. Pigmentation, intracellular accumulation, fatty change
6. Calcification
7. Adaptation to cell injury – I
8. Adaptation to cell injury – II
Tutorial
23
INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR
S/NO TOPICS
1. Definition, aetiology, events of acute inflammation
2. Chemical mediators of inflammation, squele of acute inflammation
3. Chronic inflammation – Definition, aetiology, cells of chronic inflammation,
granulomatous inflammation
4. Wound healing and tissue repair
Tutorial
HEMODYNAMICS
S/NO TOPICS
1. Oedema and Congestion
2. Haemorrhage
3. Shock
4. Thrombosis and embolism
5. Infarction
Tutorial
AMYLOIDOSIS
S/NO TOPICS
1. Amyloidosis
Tutorial
NEOPLASIA
S/NO TOPICS
1. Classification of tumors, benign vs malignant tumors, oncogenes and aetiology of
tumor
2. Molecular basis of cancer- Oncogenes
3. Biology and mechanism of tumor spread
4. Carcinogenic agents and host defense against tumors
5. Grading and staging of tumors
Tutorial
IMMUNOLOGY
TOTAL NO OF LECTURES –07
S/NO TOPICS
1. Cells of the immune system
2. Immunogloubins
3. Hypersensitivity reactions type I- type IV
4. Immune deficiency diseases
5. AIDS
Tutorial
24
GENETICS
S/NO TOPICS
1 Terminology
2. Autosomal disorders
3. Chromosomal disorders
4. Sex chromosomes
Tutorial
ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES - 02
S/NO TOPICS
1. Environmental diseases and effects of alcohol and smoking
2. Hazards of radiation
Tutorial
DISTRIBUTION OF MOCROBIOLOGY TOPICS – 2ND YEAR BDS

S/NO TOPICS NO OF LECTURES
1. Introduction to microbiology 01
2. General microbiology 09
3. Bacteriology 17
4. Virology 07
5. Fungi 05
6. Parasitological 10
Total = 49
Tutorial = 07
G. Total = 56
LECTURE PLAN OF MICROBIOLOGY

S/NO TOPICS
1. Introduction to microbiology/ biohazards in microbiology lab
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
S/NO TOPICS
1. Bacterial anatomy
2. Bacterial physiology
3. Bacterial genetics
4. Bacterial growth
5. Sterilization/disinfection physical methods
6. Sterilization/ disinfection chemical methods
7. Normal flora
Tutorial
25
Bacteriology
Total number of lectures - 17
S/NO Topics
1. Staphylococcus
2. Streptococcus, classification, streptococcus pyogenes
3. Streptococcus pneumonia/enterococcus
4. Neisseria meningitides
5. Neisseria gonorrhea
6. Coliform bacteria, enterobacteriasis
7. e. coli, klebsiella
8. Salmonella and typhoid
9. Shigella
10. Vibrio, pseudomonas
11. Proteus, providenliamorganella
12. Haemophilus
13. Helicobacter
14. Brucella, pasteniella
15. Cornibacterium, listeria
16. Anaerobes- gram +ive
17. Anaerobes- _ive
18. Mycobacterium I
19. Mycobacterium II
20. Actinomycosis/nocardia
21. Chlamydia/mycoplasma
22. Rickettsia
23. spirochaetes
Tutorial: 03
Virology
Total number of lectures - 7
S/no. Topics
1. Hepatitis virus
2. HIV
3. Rabies virus
4. Herpes virus
Fungi
Total number of lectures – 5
S/no. Topics
1. Cutaneus mycosis/aspergillus
2. Deep mycosis
3. Opportunistic pathogenic fungi
Tutorial = virology/fungi
26
PARASITOLGY
TOTAL NUMBER OF LECTURES – 10
S/NO topics
1. Introduction to parasitology
2. Amoeba
3. Giardia/trichomonas
4. Malarial parasite
5. Malarial parasite
6. Toxoplasma
7. Leishmania
8. Cestodes-I
9. Cestodes-II
10. Ascarislumbricoides
11. Anclostomadoudenale/necataramericanus
12. enterobius
Tutorial= 02
LECTURES HAEMATOLOGY TOTAL NUMBER OF LECTURES – 04

S/NO topics
1. Anaemias
2. Leukaemia
3. Bleeding disorder
4. Interpretation of CBC
Tutorial
CLINICAL / CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY

S/NO topics
1. Handling of lab specimen-I
2. Handling of lab specimen-II
3. Interpretation of lab investigation-I
4. Interpretation of lab investigation-II
EVALUATION IN EXAMS
TOTAL NUMBER OF LECTURES – 01
S/NO Topics
1. Evaluation in exams
27
DISTRIBUTION OF PRACTICAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
2ND YEAR BDS
TOTAL NUMBER OF PRACTICAL-37 (74HRS)
Microbiology General Pathology
S/no. topics S/no. Topics
1. Study of microscope 1. Hydropic change
2. Gram stain 2. Fatty change
3. Z.N stain 3. Coagulative necrosis
4. Culture media 4. Caseous necrosis
5. ID of bacteria 5. Hyperplasia
6. Sugar tests 6. Atrophy
7. Oxidase test 7. Intracellular accumulations
(malignant melanoma haemosiderin
pigment)
8. Catalase test 8. Calcification
9. Motility test 9. Acute inflammation
10. Stool RE 10. Granulation tissue
11. Urine RE 11. Edema lung
12. Ova/cyst 12. Chronic venous congestion
(lung/liver)
13. Malarial parasite 13. Thrombosis
14. LD bodies 14. Amyloidosis
Haematology 15. Benign tumors-lipoma
1. Leishman’s stain 16. Benign tumors-leiomyoma
2. DLC 17. Malignant tumors-squamous
3. TLC 18. Malignant tumors-basal cell Ca.
4. RBCs morphology 19. Handling of specimen
5. ESR 20. Interpretation of lab
28
PHARMACOLOGY
&
THERAPEUTICS
29
CURRICULUM
2nd Year BDS Class Session 2017-2018
PHARMACOLOGY
Term-1
Mode of
No Topic Information Learning Objectives
Transfer
Introduction of pharmacology dept/faculty
Forecast of activities in full academic year
Training modules
Forecast of academic landmarks
Pharmacology:
Definition of pharmacology and relevant
1. Introduction, Lecture
discussion/historic overview
Historical overview.
Rational drug therapy
Role of Muslims scientist in advancement of
pharmacology
Modern pharmacology
Definitions of: Pharmacokinetics,
pharmacodynamics, therapeutics,
Pharmacology: chemotherapy, toxicology, clinical
Branches/division of pharmacology, Pharmacy, pharmacognosy,
2. Lecture
Pharmacology, Role pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics,
in Medicine pharmacoepidemiology, comparative
pharmacology, animal pharmacology,
pharmacoeconomics, posology
Active Principles of
3. Lecture Definition; Characteristics with examples
Drugs
Dosage forms & Definition; explanation with examples of
4. Lecture
doses of drugs various dosage forms
Routes of drug Definition; Explanation and examples of
5. Lecture
administration various routes of administration of drugs
Absorption of drugs:
6. Lecture
processes Definition, Processes, Factors affecting
Factors modifying Absorption of Drugs
7. Lecture
drug absorption.
Definition, Inter relationship among
distribution, absorption, metabolism and
Distribution and elimination of drug, factor affecting drug
plasma protein distribution, PPB clinical significance, drug
8. Lecture
binding of drugs, reservoirs, volume of distribution, clinical
drug reservoirs significance over dosing regimens, loading
dose, factor affecting Volume of
distribution
30
Definition/aims and types of reactions
Biotransformation of
9. Lecture involved in conversion of drugs into
drugs.
metabolites for excretion
Factors modifying Explaining the factors that influence the
10. Lecture
biotransformation biotransformation of drugs
Definition, factors affecting bioavailability
Bioavailability: clinical
of drugs, Significance, Bioequivalence,
11. significance and Lecture
Therapeutic equivalence, Chemical
factors affecting.
equivalence
Half-life of drugs: Definition, formula, phases, graphical
12. factors affecting and Lecture representation, factors affecting half-life,
clinical significance. significance, examples
Definition/ routes of excretion, Processes
involved in renal excretion of drugs,
Glomerular function of GFR, Tubular
Excretion of drugs.
13. Lecture secretion of drugs, Tubular reabsorption of
Drug clearance,
drugs, Elimination of drug by the liver,
Minor routes of elimination of drugs, Drug
clearance
Mechanism of drug
14. Lecture Definition, receptors, types, agonist
action-I
/antagonist, mechanisms, signaling
Mechanisms of drug
15. Lecture mechanism, second messenger system
action – II
Factors modifying
16. actions & doses of Lecture
Age, idiosyncratic reaction, hypersensitivity,
drugs – I
genetic, drug antagonism, Tolerance and
Factors modifying
synergism etc
17. actions & doses of Lecture
drugs – II
18. A N S : Introduction-I Parasympathetic NS, synthetic, release
transport of NT cholinoceptors.
Lecture
19. A N S : Introduction-II Sympathetic NS, synthesis, release
transport of NT adrenoceptors
Catecholamines – I Definition, receptors, classification,
20. Lecture
Adrenaline. chemistry, metabolism, MoA of adrenaline,
receptors, pharmacological action on all
organ systems, therapeutic uses. NE,
receptors, pharmacokinetics, MoA, organ
Catecholamines – II
system effects, therapeutic uses, adverse
Nor adrenaline,
21. Lecture effects. Isoprenaline, dopamine,
Dopamine &
dobutamine, (MoA, organ system effects,
Dobutamine.
Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects,
therapeutic uses)
Comparison of catecholamines and non

Non Catecholamines:
22. Lecture catecholamines, ephedrine, amphetamine,
Ephedrine,
phenylephrine, salbutamol tyramine
31
Amphetamines α ,dexmedetomideine, xylometazoline and
receptor agonists etc. oxymetazoline (MoA, organ system effects,
Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects,
therapeutic uses).
Adrenergic Blockers.
Classification, therapeutic indications,
23. Alpha- receptor Lecture
untoward effects
Blockers.
Adrenergic Blockers: Postsynpatic receptors, presynaptic, beta
24. Beta receptor Lecture receptors actions, classification,
Blockers – I. pharmacokinetics, pharmacological actions,
Beta Receptor therapeutic uses, adverse effects,
25. Lecture
Blockers- II contraindication
Central α methyl dopa, Clonidine, Apra clonidine,
26. Lecture
Sympathoplegics. Guanfacine (MOA, Uses, Adverse effects)
Cholinergic drugs. Classification, Cholinoceptors, MOA,
Classification, Pharmacological action, Therapeutic uses,
27. Lecture
Cholinesters, A/E, PK Salient features of individual drugs
alkaloids etc. (carbachol, Methacholine, Bethanechol,
28. Anti Cholinesterases. Lecture Neostigmine, Physostigmine). Diff btw
Neostigmine &Physostigmine Myasthenia
gravis. Clinical features & Rx.
Organophosphate Organophosphate Poisoning & clinical
29. Lecture
poisoning & Oximes. features, Acute & Chronic nicotinic toxicity
and treatment
Cholinergic blockers;
Drug interaction, receptors, classification,
Natural alkaloids.
30. Lecture chemical, therapeutic classification,
Comparison between
pharmacokinetics, Mechanism of action,
Hyoscine & Atropine.
pharmacological action, therapeutic uses
Semisynthetic
31. Lecture
Anticholinergics.
Skeletal Muscle Peripherally acting; Non depolarizing
32. Lecture
Relaxants-I neuromuscular blockers (isoquinoline
derivatives, steroid derivatives)
Depolarizing neuromuscular blockers,
Skeletal Muscle Centrally acting; Benzodiazepines, Gaba
33. Lecture
Relaxants-II analogues, Propanediolderivatives, Misc
compounds, Directly acting; Dantrolene
Central Types of ion channels, Neurotransmitters

34. Lecture
Neurotransmission
Gen Anaesthetics – I, Definition, Gen principles of surgical
Classification, anesthesia, preanesthetic medications,
35. Method of Lecture classification and types of G. A. stages of
administration, anesthesia, inhalation anesthetic, mode of
Pharmacokinetics of delivery of inh. Anesthetics,
32
inhalational pharmacokinetic characters, affecting
Anaesthetics induction and recovery. Mechanism of
action, individual agent with their specific
Gen Anaesthetics-II, uses and untoward reaction I/V anesthetic.
Pre- anaesthetic Comparative studies of advantages and
medication, Stages of disadvantages of individual agent.
36. Lecture
Anaesthesia,
Mechanism of action
General
37. Anaesthetics-III, Lecture
Volatile liquids
General
38. Anaesthetics-IV, Lecture
Gases
General
Anaesthetics-V,
39. Lecture
Intravenous
anesthetics
40. Local Anaesthetics-I Lecture Physiology of pain, Chemistry of LA,
41. Local Anaesthetics-II Lecture Classification to acidity Therapeutic uses
/chemical & Duration of action MOA/
Factors affecting LA action Advantages of
addition of Vasoconstriction Differential
42. Local Anaesthetics-IIL Lecture Sensitivity of nerve fibers to LA P/K, salient
features of Lignocaine & Spinal Analgesia &
A/E & uses. How to prevent toxicity of LA.
Introduction and classification,
Sedative & Hypnotics Benzodiazepines, mechanism of action,
43. – I Introduction & Lecture clinical uses, adverse effects, Buspirone,
Classification zolpidemzaleplon, Clinical uses of
barbiturates uptodate
Sedative & Hypnotics
44. Lecture Introduction and classification,
–II Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines, mechanism of action,
Sedative & clinical uses, adverse effects, Buspirone,
Hypnotics- III. zolpidemzaleplon, Clinical uses of
45. Lecture
barbiturates uptodate
Benzodiazepines.
Antiepileptic drugs-I
Introduction, type of seizures and
.Classification,
classification of drugs, Carbamazepine,
46. Lecture
hydantoin valproic acid, Barbiturates, succinimides,
benzodiazepines and newer drugs
derivatives,
33
Antiepileptic drugs-
47. II. Carbamazepine, Lecture

valproic acid.
Antiepileptic drugs-
III. Barbiturates,
48. succinimides, Lecture

Benzodiazepines,
Newer drugs
Anti-depressants
Introduction and Salient features of Depression,
Lecture
49. Classification SSRI,S, SNRIP/K, A/Es
Classification
Drugs treatment of Classification and

50. Lecture phatmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of
Migraine.
drugs used in treatment of migraine
Analgesics –I:
51. Introduction, Lecture

Classification
Analgesics;-II Introduction and classification, Semi
52. Lecture synthetic/synthetic, opioids and opioid
Morphine
analgesic, Therapeutic uses, adverse effects
Analgesics – III: and contraindication
Semisynthetic/
53. Lecture
synthetic opioids &
opioid antagonists
NSAIDs:
54. Classification, Lecture

Mechanism of Action.
Non Selective cyclo-oxygenase Inhibitors,
Aspirin & other Cyclo-oxygenase-2 Selective Inhibitors,
55. Lecture MOA, Uses, Adverse effects, Aspirin,
Salicylates.
Paracetamol (Pharmacokinetics, MoA,
Propionic acid, Acetic clinical uses, adverse effects).
56. acid der. & Lecture

Paracetamol
34
Term Test-1
Term-2
57. Physiology of Heart Lecture Electrophysiological properties of heart,
types of heart failure, physiological
58. Drugs used in CCF-l Lecture mechanism in heart failure, classification of
drug used in heart failure, cardiotonic
59. Drugs used in CCF-ll drugs Digoxin, bipyridines&
resynchronization therapy.
60. Anti anginal drugs Lecture Types of angina, Organic Nitrates, Calcium
Channel Blockers, Beta
antagonists,Potassium channel Activators,
61. Drug Treatment of MI Lecture Newer Anti anginal Drugs. Drugs used in
management of IHD/MI.
Antihypertensive drugs-
62. Lecture
I Sympatholytic drugs.
Antihypertensives
drugs-II Diuretics. Ca++
63. Lecture Diuretics, sympatholytics, calcium channel
Channel blockers.
blockers, drugs acting on renin angiotensin
system, vasodilators
Antihypertensives
drugs-IIl. ACE inhibitors,
64. AT receptor Antagonist Lecture
Directly acting
vasodilators
Normal electrophysiology of heart,
mechanism of and types of arrhythmias,
mechanism of drug action in arrhythmias,
classification of drugs, Class-I
antiarrhythmic (Na+ channel blockers),
Anti arrhythmic drugs Lecture
65. Class-II drugs (beta blockers) class-III drugs
(K+ channel blockers) class-IV drug (Ca+2
channel blockers), Misc (digoxin,
adenosine, Mg2+& K+) comparison of all
groups, treatment of important
arrhythmias.
Diuretics: Introduction,
66. Lecture
Classification.
Physiology of Nephron, Classification, CAI
67. Diuretics: Thiazides. Lecture (PK, MOA, Uses, A/E, C/I, Drugs
Interaction), Loop Diuretics, Thiazides, K+
Diuretics: Loop. K+
sparing, Osmotic Diuretics, ADH
68. sparing, Osmotic &Misc Lecture antagonists (Names & Salient features)
groups,
35
Def, antimicrobial antibiotics,
Introduction, General bacteriostatic, bactericidal, conc and time
dependent killing, post antibiotic effect,
69. Principles of Lecture narrow, extended & broad spectrum
Chemotherapy, antibiotics. Ten principles of
chemotherapy, classification of
antimicrobials
Innate, acquired resistance, due to genetic
alteration and altered expression protein
Mechanism of
and their mechanisms, single step
70. Lecture
Resistance mutation,Multi-step mutation, cross
resistance, complete & Partial cross
resistance. Prevention of resistance.
71. Sulfonamides Lecture Historic overview, Chemistry of
sulfonamides/MoA, Classification, PK/PD &
Trimethoprim & toxicities/uses, Sulfonamides
72. Lecture combinations, Cotrioxazole,
Cotrimoxazole Trimethoprim/sulfonamides, PK/PD, uses &
toxicity of co-trimoxazole
73. Antibiotics, Penicillins. Lecture Classification, structure, mechanism of
Antibiotics, Penicillins – action, mechanism of resistance,
74. Lecture pharmacokinetics, Dose, therapeutic uses
Semisynthetics. & adverse effects.
Antibiotics, Classification, structure, spectrum, P/K
75. Lecture (Pharmacokinetics), mechanism of action,
Cephalosporins.
therapeutic uses, A/E
Macrolides. Antibiotics:
Spectrum/clinical uses adverse effects,
76. Lecture
Broad spectrum mechanism of action & resistance
Classification, Phamacokinetics of
Antibiotics: Broad
Tetracycline, Spectrum of activity, MOA &
77. Lecture
spectrum, Tetracyclines. resistance, A/Es, Therapeutic Uses, Drug
Interaction & Contraindications
Chloramphenicol. Spectrum, clinical uses, adverse effect and
78. Lecture
MOA & resistance
Antibiotics:
79. Lecture MoA, PK, uses and untoward reaction
Aminoglycosides
Quinolones. MoA, PK, classification, uses, spectrum and

80. Lecture
untoward reactions.
Antituberculosis drugs – Introduction, Features of mycobacterium
81. Lecture TB, classification, First line drugs, structure,
I.
mechanism of action, therapeutic uses,
Antituberculosis drugs – adverse effects. Dose,
82. Lecture (contraindications)2nd line drugsStructure,
II.
mechanism of action, therapeutic uses,
36
Adverse effects, dose, MAC, Definition,
introduction, treatment, DOT, WHO
recommended regimens
83. Anti fungal drugs-I Lecture Classification, spectrum of individual class,
84. Anti fungal drugs-II Lecture MoA, uses, PK and untoward action.
85. Anti viral drugs –I Lecture Structure, life cycle, classification,

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir,
penciclovir, gancicloverfoscarnet, cidofovir,
(MoA, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses,
adverse effects). Amantadine, rimantadine,
zanamiviroseltamivir, ribavirin,
86. Anti viral drugs II. Lecture antiretroviral agents, NRTIS,NNRTIS,
Protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors,
integrase inhibitors, drug treatment of
hepatitis C (interferon ribavirin, sofosbovir)
drug treatment of hepatitis B, (Lamivudine,
adefovir, telbivudine, )
Species/life cycle of plasmodium, Malaria
symptoms, Therapeutic classification,
Chemical classification,
Anti Malarial ChloroquineMoA/PK/PD/uses; Quinine
Lecture
87. MoA/PK/PD/uses;
Mefloquine/Primaquine/atovaquone,
Lamofantrine, Drugs used in chloroquine
resistant malaria, Chemoprophylaxis of
malaria
88. Anti Amoebics-I Lecture Amoebiasis, life cycle of
entamoabahistolytica , pathogenesis,
classification, mechanism of action, P/K,
89. Anti Amoebics-II Lecture Pharmacodynamics, spectrum, dose,
adverse effects, contraindication, regimens
Antineoplastics Classification, antimetabolites,
methotrexate (MoA, PK, Therapeutic uses,
Therapeutic adverse effect resistance, Purine
classification. antagonism, 6-mecptopurine,
thioguaninePyrimidine, antagonist,
Alkylating agents Lecture
90. 5Flurouracil, Cyclophosphamide,
Antimetabolites, Vinca nitrosoreas, platinum analogs, vinca
alkaloids, antibiotics alkaloids, taxanes, and related
and hormones. drugs.Epipodophyllotoxins, (Etoposide,
Chemotherapeutic teniposide, anthracyclines, monoclonal
agents used in dentistry antibodies, hormones, antihormones).
37
Antidiabetic drugs: Overview of DM/Sign symptoms, Types of
DM, Insulin Structure/releaseClassification/
91. Introduction Lecture Pharmacokinetics, MOA, Method of
Classification, administration, clinical condition when
Insulin to be uses, DKA Pathophysiology &
Rx overview, A/Es of Insulin, How to
Antidiabetic drugs:,
manage Hypoglycemia, Oral Ant diabetic
92. Insulins, Oral Lecture Drugs Classification, Pharmacokinetics &
Most uses A/Es of
antidiabetic agents
Sulfonylureas/Biguinides/Thiazide diuretics
Meglitinide / Nateglimide
93. Antithyroid drugs-l Lecture Thyroid, MoA of thyroxine, S/S of
hyperthyrodism, hypthyrodism,
Pharmacokinetics of thyroxine, Levo,
liothyroxine, liotrx, therapeutic uses.
94. Antithyroid drugs-ll Lecture Classification, thioamides, anion inhibitor,
iodides, radioactive, iodine iodinates,
contrast media, beta blockers,
management of thyroid storm.
Corticosteroids-I Lecture
Synthesis, release, feedback , mechanism,
95. HPA, classification, P/K,
Corticosteroids-II Lecture
Pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, dose.
Types and doses and classification,
Hormonal
mechanism of action, pharmacological
96. Lecture
contraceptives. actions, adverse effects, benefits,
contraindications.
How to diagnose & different b/w
Microcytic & Macrocytic anemia, Iron
absorption Physiology, Iron Storage,
transport, elimination, Factor affecting
absorption, Therapeutic Indications, A/Es,
97. Haematinics Lecture Preparation & Content of Iron, VB12 Folic
acid absorption / distribution / transports /
Storage, Essential biochemical reactions
Req VB12 & Folic acid, Consequence of
VB12 & Folic acid, Erythropoietin, Different
Preparations, Indication of use
Anticoagulants. Physiology of coagulation (coagulation
cascaded), pathology of thrombosis,
98. Introduction, Lecture (Predisposing conditions), structure of clot,
Classification. Heparin. structure of thrombus, classification,
parenteral agent (heparin, low molecular
weight heparins, heparinoids, direct acting
99. Oral Anticoagulants. Lecture agents, fondaparinux, oral agent (warfarin)
direct acting agent.
38
Thrombolytic,
Classification, mechanism of action, dose,
100. Lecture
Antiplatelet drugs therapeutic uses, adverse effects.
Gastrointestinal motility/enteric nervous
system, Nausea & vomiting/summary of
events, Emetic ------/CTZ/receptors
involved Input/out of emetic, Classification
of antiemetic drugs,
101. Anti emetics. Lecture metoclopramide/domperidone,
Ondanstrone/5-HT receptors antagonists
Cannabinoid receptor
antagonist/dronabinol, NK/ receptor
antagonist /Aprepitant, Misc
agents/corticosteroids/antiemetics
Definition/clinical cause/types of diarrhea,
Pathophysiology/complication of diarrhea,
Management of mild/moderate/severe
diarrhea, ORS and role of antibiotics/ I/V
Antidiarrhoeals. rehydration, Antidiarrheal classification,
102. Lecture
Diphenoxylate PK/PD, uses, Operamide
PK/PD,uses, Bismuth
subsalicylate/methylcellulose/ ispaghula
husk, Kaolin & pectin/attapulgite,
Octreotide PK/PD & uses/MoA
Definition of constipation, Causes of
constipation, Classification of purgatives,
103. Purgatives/laxatives. Lecture Bulk purgatives/MoA, Stimulant
purgatives/MoA, Osmotic laxatives/MoA,
Stool softness, 5-HT4 agonists/MoA
Drugs used in Peptic
104. Lecture
Ulcer – I. Antacids, H2 receptor antagonist, proton
pump inhibitors, Mucosal protective
Drugs used in Peptic
sucaralfateetc
105. Lecture
Ulcer – II.
Cough, pathophysiology, classification,
therapeutic uses, opioids, derivatives,
Expectorants &
pholcodine, dextromethorphane,
106. Lecture
Antitussives. levopropoxyphene, antihistamines,
peripheral antitussives, bronchodilatation,
mucokinetics, expectorants.
107. Antiasthmatics– I. Lecture Definition/epidemiology/etiology of
asthma, Atopy/allergy and pathophysiology
of asthma, Symptoms/diagnosis /types of
108. Antiasthmatics – II. Lecture asthma, Asthma severity classification,
Classification of Antiasthmatics drugs,
Approach to treatment of asthma, Asthma
39
control assessment,
Bronchodilators/sympathomimetic drugs,
Methylxanthines, Anticholinergic drugs,
Leukotriene receptor antagonists, Mast cell
stabilizer & corticosteroid, Management of
severe acute asthma
Classification, Pharmacokinetics,
109. Antihistamines Lecture Pharmacodynamics, Diff b/w 1st and 2nd
generation, uses, adverse effects.
Antiseptics and
Disinfectants used in Classification with explanation of drugs and
110. Lecture
their clinical relevance
dentistry
Drug – Drug interactions Lecture Pharmacokinetic level & Pharmacodynamic

111.
level interactions with examples
Adverse Drug Reactions Examples/discussion of various types of
112. Lecture
reactions
Term Test-2
40
SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS
41
SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS
List of Topics
SECTION I GENERAL CLASSES AND PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS
1. Classification and overview of different preventive and restorative materials
2. Structure of matter and principles of adhesion
3. Physical and chemical properties related to material sciences
4. Surface chemistry
5. Biocompatibility
SECTION II DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

1. Dental amalgam
2. Dental cements
3. Restorative resin composite
4. Denting bonding agents and adhesive dentistry
SECTION III INDIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

1. Denture base acrylic resins
2. Denture relining and rebasing materials
3. Tissue conditioners
4. Dental ceramics
5. Metals used in dentistry
6. Soldering and welding
7. Dental implants
SECTION IV AUXILIARY DENTAL MATERIALS

1. Gypsum products
2. Impression materials
3. Dental waxes
4. Casting investments and casting procedures
5. Finishing and polishing materials
6. Separating media
SECTION V PREVENTIVE DENTAL MATERIALS

1. Dentifrices
42
2. Fluoride agents
3. Pit and fissure sealants
SECTION VI ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
CURRICULUM (NUMS)
INTRODUCTION
The subject of science of dental materials at undergraduate level enables the students to
recognize the clinical, technical and scientific rationale for the use of materials in clinical dental
practice. The course curriculum is designed to introduce dental materials science to students
and facilitate their study of physical and chemical properties that are related to selection of
these products by the dentist and to identify characteristics of materials that affect their
biological safety. The practical component of the course involves hands-on experience of the
materials and their manipulation in the laboratory.
SECTION I GENERAL CLASSES AND PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS
This section introduces students to the general classification and brief overview of different
types of preventive and restorative materials used in dentistry. It illustrates the terms and
principles involved in describing the clinical behavior of these materials based on their
physical, chemical and mechanical properties. It also highlights the knowledge of appreciation
of certain biological considerations for use of dental materials in oral cavity and hazards
associated with them.
Aims
The section aims to provide basic background knowledge regarding structure of matter and to
provide a comprehensive account of relationship between general properties of dental materials
and their clinical performance. Another aspect of importance is the potential of this information
to predict clinical performance under biological limitations and to allow the students to develop
a critical understanding of the factors that determine the safe and correct use of materials in
dentistry.
1. Classification and overview of different preventive and restorative materials

Learning outcomes :
By the end of a unit, students will be able to:
43
 Understand basic classification of dental materials i.e. metals, ceramics, polymers and
composites.
2. Structure of matter and principles of adhesion

Learning outcomes :
 Describe the structure of matter and explain the principles of adhesion among dental
materials
3. Physical and chemical properties related to material sciences

Learning outcomes :
 Demonstrate knowledge of the fundamental biological, chemical and physical
principles that make the foundation of the clinical behavior and application of dental
materials.
4. Surface chemistry
Learning outcomes :
 Understand the principles involving surface interaction of dental materials in biological
environment.
5. Biocompatibility
Learning outcomes :
 Demonstrate knowledge of the range of biological consideration regarding the selection
and performance of dental materials for clinical applications.
 Understand the knowledge of safety, biocompatibility and biomechanics as they relate
to the correct clinical use of dental materials.
44
SECTION II DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS
This section familiarizes students with a number of key themes and subjects regarding different
types of direct restorative materials used in dentistry. It is designed to provide detailed
information regarding historical background, types, properties, biological consideration,
clinical applications, limitations and selection criteria of direct restorative materials.
Aims
The aim of this section is to allow students to develop scientific knowledge, understanding and
competence in the area of direct restorative materials. Based on the information regarding their
clinical behavior and selection criteria students will be able to grasp the scientific rationale for
use of these materials for their clinical applications. To differentiate between the various types
of direct restorative materials and their respective properties. To Understand the risks , hazards
, technological advances and current trends in direct restorative materials.
1. Dental amalgam
Learning outcomes :
 Describe the history, composition and classification of dental amalgams.
 Understand the setting mechanism of different types of dental amalgams.
 Understand and explain the properties of dental amalgams.
 Understand and demonstrate clinical manipulation and factors affecting the properties
of dental amalgams.
 Understand the issues related to amalgam hygiene in clinical practice.
 Explain the biocompatibility issues relating to dental amalgams
 Identify recent advancements in dental amalgams
2. Dental cements
Learning outcomes :
 Understand the objectives and basic terminologies related to dental cements.
 Understand the general requirements, types and properties of different dental cements.
 Understand and explain the setting mechanism of different dental cements.
 Understand and explain the properties, advantages and disadvantages of different dental
cements.
45
 Understand and describe the clinical applications of different dental cements.
 Understand the concept of bases and liners for different clinical applications.
 Describe luting agents, types and their properties
 Understand the use of temporary restorative materials, properties and their uses.
 Demonstrate techniques for handling and manipulation of various dental cements.
 Define Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART) and its uses
3. Restorative resin composite

Learning outcomes :
 Describe the history and classification of restorative composites.
 Understand and describe the properties of different components of restorative
composites.
 Understand the characteristics and clinical applications for composite restorative
materials.
 Understand and explain different modifications in relation to restorative composites.
 Understand finishing and polishing procedures for restorative composites.
 Understand the biocompatibility issue related to restorative composites.
 Understand the recent advancements in restorative composites.
 Demonstrate clinical manipulation of restorative composites
4. Denting bonding agents and adhesive dentistry

Learning outcomes :
 Understand the concept of bonding and adhesion in dentistry.
 Define enamel and dentine bonding.
 Understand the significance and rationale behind enamel and dentine bonding.
 Understand various types and generations of bonding agents.
 Understand the significance of biodegradation of restorative resins.
 Understand and explore recent advancements in dentin bonding agents.
46
SECTION III: INDIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS
The section covers detailed information regarding the physical, chemical, and biological
properties, manipulation and handling characteristics of indirect restorative materials used in
dentistry. This includes detailed study of scientific and clinical properties of materials such as
dental acrylic resins, dental ceramics and metals used in restorative dentistry.
Aims
The aim of this section is to allow students to develop scientific knowledge, understanding and
competence in the area of direct restorative materials. Based on the information regarding their
clinical behavior and selection criteria students will be able to grasp the scientific rationale for
use of these materials for their clinical applications. Students will be able to learn the selection
criteria, risks, hazards, technological advances and current trends regarding indirect restorative
materials.
1. Denture base acrylic resins

Learning outcomes:
 Understand the definition of denture base materials.
 Understand the ideal properties and types of denture base materials.
 Understand the chemical composition and properties of denture base materials.
 Understand the various procedures involved in the fabrication of denture base materials.
 Understand and discuss clinical application, manipulation, processing, and care of
dentures for laboratory processed prosthetic resins.
 Understand and describe biocompatibility issues associated with denture base
materials.
 Describe various methods of polymerization of denture base materials.
2. Denture relining and rebasing materials

Learning outcomes:
 Understand relining and rebasing procedures for dentures.
 Describe various types of relining and rebasing dental materials.
 Describe manipulation and properties of relining and rebasing materials.
47
 Understand biocompatibility issues associated with relining and rebasing materials in
dentistry.
3. Tissue conditioners
Learning outcomes:
 Understand the definition tissue conditioners.
 Understand various types of tissue conditioners used in dentistry.
 Understand and discuss the properties of various tissue conditioners used in dentistry.
 Understand the steps of clinical manipulation of tissue conditioners.
4. Dental ceramics
Learning outcomes:
 Understand the basic chemistry and composition of ceramics.
 Understand the composition and classification of different dental ceramics systems.
 Understand general procedures involved in fabrication of dental ceramics.
 Understand the concept of metal ceramic bonding.
 Understand metal ceramic restorations, their uses and properties.
 Understand all ceramic restoration, their uses and properties.
 Describe methods of strengthening ceramics.
5. Metals used in dentistry

Learning outcomes:
 Understand the basic concepts related to processing and solidification of dental alloys.
 Understand different types of metals and alloys used in fabrication of dental prosthesis.
 Understand the alloy phase diagrams.
 Explain the types, processing and clinical applications of high noble and noble metal
alloys.
 Explain the types, processing and clinical applications of base metal alloys.
 Explain the casting procedures for metal alloys.
 Explain the types, processing and clinical applications of wrought metal alloys.
 Explain the types, processing and clinical applications of stainless steel in dentistry.
48
 Understand the significance and clinical applications for titanium and its alloys in
dentistry.
 Describe the properties and composition of various orthodontic wires.
6. Soldering and welding

Learning outcomes:
 Understand the objectives and uses of soldering and welding in dentistry.
 Understand the differences between soldering, brazing and welding.
 Describe the components of dental solders and welding.
 Understand different heat sources for soldering and welding.
 Understand welding and its types.
7. Dental implants
Learning outcomes:
 Describe the history of implants in dentistry.
 Define osseointegration and its factors affecting it.
 Explain different types of implants used in dentistry.
 Understand materials used for dental implants.
SECTION IV AUXILIARY DENTAL MATERIALS

The section provides information regarding variety of auxiliary dental materials used in
dentistry. Auxiliary dental materials include a range of materials that are involved in the
fabrication of different dental prosthesis but that do not become part of the prosthesis.
Aims
The section aims to develop knowledge regarding basic features of auxiliary dental materials
used in clinical and laboratory procedures. It involves the study of composition, properties,
manipulation of auxiliary dental materials and the manner in which they interact with the
environment in which they are applied.
1. Gypsum products
Learning outcomes:
49
 Understand the properties, types, uses, and manipulation of gypsum products.
 Understand the method of manufacturing and properties of gypsum products used in
dentistry.
 Understand the setting reactions of different types of dental gypsum products.
 Understand the manipulation factors that affect the setting time and physical and
mechanical properties of gypsum products.
 Understand and demonstrate the methods used for the disinfection of dental gypsum
models and study casts.
 Understand and demonstrate the proper mixing technique of dental gypsum used for
preparing study models and casts.
Learning outcomes:
 Understand the significance of impression and impression materials in dentistry.
 Understand the general requirements for an ideal impression material
 Understand the classification, characteristics and properties of elastic and non-elastic
impression materials.
 Compare the properties and clinical application of different types of impression
materials.
 Understand and demonstrate proper technique for mixing, handling and manipulation
of the elastic and non-elastic impression materials.
3. Dental waxes
Learning outcomes:
 Understand the classification and types of waxes used in dentistry.
 Discuss the composition, properties and application of different types of dental waxes.
 Understand and demonstrate manipulation of different types of dental waxes.
4. Casting investments and casting procedures

Learning outcomes:
50
 Define and explain investment materials used in dentistry.
 Understand different types of investment materials used in dentistry.
 Understand the composition, setting reaction and properties of gypsum bonded
investment.
 Understand the composition, setting reaction and properties of phosphate bonded
investment.
 Understand the composition, setting reaction and properties of silica bonded
investment.
 Understand and compare properties and clinical applications of different types of
investments.
 Understand the steps and methods involved in casting procedures.

Learning outcomes:
 Understand the objectives for finishing and polishing of dental restorations and
prosthesis.
 Understand the classification, composition, properties of abrasives and clinical
applications for finishing and polishing materials.
 Understand the principles of finishing and polishing of dental materials.
 Understand different types of cutting and abrasive instruments.
 Describe biological hazards associated with dental abrasive and polishing materials.
6. Separating media
Learning outcomes:
 Understand the rationale behind the use of separating media in dentistry
 Describe and identify various types of separating media used in dentistry, including
their composition, mechanism of action and properties.
 Understand and demonstrate the steps involved in manipulation of separating media.
 Understand the techniques for application of a separating media.
51
SECTION V PREVENTIVE DENTAL MATERIALS
The section deals with the introduction and knowledge of various preventive materials used in
dentistry. It describes different types of preventive dental materials associated with mechanical
tooth cleaning, plaque control, fluorides, and fissure sealants.
Aims
The section aims to introduce students to basic preventive dental materials used in clinical
dentistry. It involves the study of composition, properties, manipulation of preventive dental
materials and the criteria for proper selection for their clinical application.
1. Dentifrices
Learning outcomes:
 Understand the types, composition and purpose of dentifrices and mouthwashes.
2. Fluoride agents
Learning outcomes:
 Understand and identify different types of fluoride agents, their mode of action and
application.
3. Pit and fissure sealants

Learning outcomes:
 Understand the composition, properties, manipulation and clinical application of pit and
fissure sealants.
SECTION VI ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
The section focuses on the material used in endodontics that are used to irrigate and disinfect,
obturate and seal the root canal system during endodontic treatment.
Aims
The section introduces students to different types of endodontic materials classified according
to their intended clinical uses. It involves the study of composition, properties and mode of
application of various disinfectants, lubricants, sealants and obturating materials used in
endodontics.
52
SECTION VII LABORATORY PRACTICALS
The practical component covers the manipulative and applied aspects of dental material science.
Aims
The laboratory practical component serves to familiarize students with the range of materials
used in dentistry. It involves hands on experience with the materials so that students can
understand issues related to dispensing, handling, manipulation and practical application of
dental materials.
1. Introduction to laboratory equipment
Learning Objectives:
 To identify and familiarize with instruments and equipment required for handling and
manipulation of different dental materials in laboratory
2. Gypsum products
 To identify different types of gypsum products
 To demonstrate the correct dispensing ratio of different gypsum products
 To demonstrate the correct mixing technique for gypsum products
 To make plaster slab
 To identify different types of impression materials.
 To demonstrate the correct dispensing, manipulation and application of:
i. Alginate
ii. ZnO-eugenol paste
iii. Impression compound
iv. Elastomeric impression materials
4. Dental waxes
 To identify different types of dental waxes.
 To demonstrate the manipulation and application of different:
i. Pattern waxes
ii. Processing waxes
iii. Impression waxes
53
5. Acrylic resins
 To demonstrate the correct dispensing, manipulation and application of self-cure and
heat-cure dental acrylic resin.
6. Dental amalgam
 To demonstrate the correct dispensing, trituration and application of dental amalgam.
 To demonstrate hand mixing and mechanical mixing of dental amalgam.
7. Dental cements
 To identify different types of dental cements.
 To demonstrate the correct dispensing, mixing and application of:
i. Zinc phosphate cement
ii. Zinc oxide eugenol cement
iii. Glass ionomer cement
iv. Calcium hydroxide cement
8. Restorative composite resins
 To identify and familiarize with the armamentarium used for composite restorations i.e.
i. Visible light cure unit
ii. Acid etching gel
iii. Bonding agent
iv. Restorative composite
9. Metals and alloys
 To identify different indirect metallic restorations
 To identify different orthodontic wire used in dentistry
10. Dental ceramics

 To identify different ceramic restorations
54
11. Investment materials
 To identify different types of investment materials
12. Endodontic materials

 To identify different endodontic materials used in dentistry

 To identify different abrasives used in finishing and polishing procedures.
ORATORY PRACTICAL QUOTA
 Plaster slab
 Wax pattern
 Wire work
o 10 Alphabets
o Adams clasp
Course Book
 McCabe, John F., and Angus WG Walls, eds. Applied dental materials. John Wiley
& Sons, 2013.
REFERENCE BOOKS
 Anusavice, Kenneth J., Chiayi Shen, and H. Ralph Rawls. Phillips' science of dental
materials. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013. 12th Edition.
 Powers, John M., and Ronald L. Sakaguchi. Craig'srestorative dental materials,

13/e. Elsevier India, 2006.
55
PART 1
PRECLINICAL
PROSTHODONTICS
56
Pre -clinical Prosthodontics
Course Outline
Duration of Syllabus: To be taught in 2nd Year BDS
Course will be divided into Lecture and Practical. One lecture per week followed by 2 practical
session in divided batches.
Section A
Complete Dentures
Unit 1: Introduction to Prosthodontics
Introduction of prosthodontics will guide the students of the basic concept of this field.
Different branches of prosthodontics. The need for replacement of lost oral structures of the
stomatognathic system and how it affects the overall quality of life of an individual.
Learning objectives:
At the end of the lecture, students will be able to:
 Understand and know the definition of prosthodontics
 Differentiate different branches of prosthodontics and their application in everyday
life
 Describe implications of not addressing tooth loss at an appropriate time
 Understand effect of prosthetic replacement on the quality of life of an individual.
Unit 2: Complete Dentures

2.1 Anatomical landmarks of maxillary arch
 Identify and name anatomical landmarks of maxillary arch.
 Identify limiting structures
 Differentiate between primary stress bearing area and secondary stress
bearing area
2.2 Anatomical landmarks of mandibular arch

 Name the anatomical landmarks of mandibular arch
 Identify limiting or peripheral structures of the mandibular arch
 Locate and identify the primary stress bearing area and secondary stress
bearing area
2.3 Impression trays

 Identify the maxillary and mandibular impression trays
 Describe the difference between dentate and edentulous impression trays
 Describe the choice of selection of appropriate size of impression tray
 Describe the difference between a stock tray and custom tray
57
 Explain the procedure of fabrication of custom tray
 Name different materials used in the fabrication of custom tray
2.4 Dental casts

 Define a dental cast
 Name the types of casts
 Requirements of cast making
 Parts of a cast
2.5 Record bases

Learning objectives
 Define record bases
 Describe the requirements of record bases
 Describe the types of record bases and their uses
2.6 Occlusion rims

 Define what are occlusion rims
 Describe briefly the uses of occlusion rims
 Describe the dimension of occlusion rims for both the maxillary and
mandibular base plates
 Describe briefly the steps in fabrication of occlusion rims
 Describe maxilla-mandibular relations in brief.
2.7 Articulators
 Define an articulator
 Identify between different types of articulators
 Describe briefly the concept behind the use of an articulator
 Define facebow and uses of a facebow.
2.8 Artificial teeth

 Describe the different types of artificial teeth based on type of material and
occlusal morphology
 Describe the differences in occlusal morphology and their uses in different
situations
58
 Describe the differences between acrylic and porcelain teeth and their uses
2.9 Occlusion in complete dentures
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the lectures, students will be able to:
 Define dental occlusion
 Describe the difference between occlusion and articulation
 Describe the objectives of establishing occlusion
 Differentiate between natural and artificial occlusion
 Name different types of complete denture occlusal schemes
 Briefly describe the factors affecting occlusion
2.10 Arrangement of teeth – Maxilla

Learning outcomes:
Students will be taught setup of maxillary anterior and posterior teeth for balanced
occlusion. They will also be required to perform lab exercise of tooth setup.
2.11 Arrangement of teeth – Mandible

Learning outcomes:
Students will be taught setup of mandibular teeth to achieve balanced occlusion.
However, they will be required to complete the setup of teeth on articulated casts for
lab exercises.
2.12 Laboratory procedures

Learning outcomes:
This lecture is intended to apprise the students of the laboratory procedures for final
curing and finishing of the complete dentures. They will be performing this exercise
on their lab exercise dentures. At the end of the lecture, students will be expected to:
 Perform flasking and dewaxing.
 Perform acrylic packing and complete the curing process.
 Divest the mould and complete the finishing and polishing process
2.13 Spot grinding

Learning outcomes:
This lecture aims to guide the students of the importance of spot grinding and achieve
balanced occlusion on articulators, as this eventually reduces the chair side time.
However, they will be required to perform this exercise on their finished dentures
before submitting their exercises.
They will be able to:
 Understand the concept behind spot grinding and occlusal equilibration
 Able to perform spot grinding using BULL’s law.
Section B
Removable Partial Denture
Unit 3: Removable Partial Denture
3.1 Introduction to Partial Dentures, Classification of partially edentulous arches
 Definition
59
 Kennedy’s classification
 Applegate’s rules
3.2 Components of partial denture – Cast and acrylic

 Saddles
 Major Connectors
 Retainers
 Minor connectors
 Rests
3.3 Direct retainer

 Definition
 Types of clasp – Cast and wrought
 Parts of a clasp
 Fabrication of C clasp (wrought wire)
3.4 Surveying
 Students will be required to know the concept of surveying
 They will be taught about undercuts, maximum bulge, supra bulge
 Path of insertion and removal
3.5 Laboratory procedures

 Flasking and curing of partial dentures
 Finishing and polishing procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Introduction to instruments used in prosthodontics
a. Wax knife
b. Wax carver / lacron carver
c. Adam’s plier
d. Round plier
e. Straight plier
f. Flask
g. Mixing spatula
h. Rubber bowl
i. Plane line articulator
j. Hanau articulator
k. Vulcanite Bur
l. Finishing
m. burs
60
Complete Denture Exercise
1. Identification of Landmarks on edentulous model

a. Anatomical landmarks Maxilla
b. Anatomical landmarks mandible
2. Custom tray fabrication – Maxilla & Mandible

a. Introduction to acrylic powder and liquid
b. Mixing of acrylic
c. Manipulation of acrylic at the appropriate stage
d. Application of spacer
e. Custom tray fabrication
f. Sprinkle method of custom tray fabrication
3. Indexing of dental casts

a. Groove indexing
b. Notch indexing
4. Wax up for base plate – Maxilla & Mandible

a. Cast marking
b. Wax up thickness
c. Peripheral wax thickness
d. Finishing of the wax up
e. Sealing of the wax pattern
5. Flasking procedure and de-waxing of upper and lower base plates

a. Preparation of flask
b. Plaster mixing
c. Flasking procedure
d. De-waxing procedure
6. Packing, curing and finishing of base plate

a. Acrylic packing
b. Curing procedure
c. Retrieval of base plate after curing process
d. Finishing and polishing
7. Occlusal rims
a. Maxillary Occlusal rims
i. Height
ii. Width
61
iii. Finishing
b. Mandibular occlusal rims
i. Height
ii. Width
iii. Finishing of rims
8. Articulation of base plates with occlusal rims
a. Articulator adjustment
b. Sealing of upper and lower occlusal rims
c. Articulation procedure
9. Tooth setup
a. Selection of teeth
b. Setup of anterior teeth Maxilla
c. Setup of anterior teeth Mandible
d. Setup of posterior teeth Maxilla
e. Setup of posterior teeth Mandible
10. Wax up, carving and festooning of dentures

11. Flasking procedure of complete denture
a. Flasking procedure
i. Students will be apprised about the two pour and three pour technique
b. De-waxing procedure
c. Acrylic packing
i. Trial packing and final packing
d. Denture retrieval
12. Finishing and polishing of denture

13. Occlusal adjustment on articulator
Partial Denture
1. Wax up of partially edentulous models for acrylic partial denture
 Students will be required to prepare saddle areas on the dentate models
according to the Kennedy’s classification assigned by the instructor
 They will be taught about the difference between complete denture wax up and
partial denture wax up
2. Articulation of the partially edentulous models
3. Tooth setup
4. Clasp fabrication
 Students will be required to make C- clasp (wrought wire) using the Adam’s plier,
round plier and flat plier and wire cutter
62
5. Finishing of the wax pattern
6. Laboratory procedure
 Sealing of the final wax pattern of the partial denture on the cast
 Flasking
 Packing of acrylic
 Curing of acrylic
7. Finishing and polishing of retrieved acrylic partial denture

8. Wax up for Cast partial denture – demonstration only
 Students will be told about the different types of waxes
 They will be given a demonstration of wax up for cast partial dentures
63
PART 2
“COURSE OUTLINE”
PRE-CLINICAL OPERATIVE
nd
2 YEAR BDS
64
Pre-Operative Dentistry
• The primary goals of Operative Dentistry include the diagnosis and prevention of
disease, the preservation of the natural dentition and the restoration of health, function
and esthetics of stomatognathic system.
• This is one year course made up of Didactic and Laboratory technique as Introduction
to Operative Dentistry.
• Didactic session will cover important topics of operative dentistry in different lectures
• Lab sessions will be conducted separately to improve their psychomotor skills
SECTION (A) “Didactic Sessions”
SECTION A
Chapter 1: Introduction to Operative Dentistry
Introduction to Operative Dentistry, emphasizes the biologic basis of operative dentistry and
presents current statistics that demonstrate the continuing need and demand for it
 FACTORS AFFECTING OPERATIVE TREATMENT
 THE FUTURE DEMAND FOR OPERATIVE DENTISTRY,
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the unit, students will be able to:
 Understand the basic need to study biologic basis of operative dentistry and importance
of development of their psychomotor skills
Chapter 2: Introduction to Armamentarium

 HAND INSTRUMENTS FOR CUTTING
 POWERED CUTTING EQUIPMENT
 ROTARY CUTTING INSTRUMENTS
 CUTTING MECHANISMS
 HANDLING OF INSTRUMENTS
 HAZARDS WITH CUTTING INSTRUEMENTS and their Prevention
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the unit, Students will be able to:
 Understand the basic equipments used in Operative dentistry clinical procedures
 Understand their clinical uses
 How to avoid hazardous effects of these equipments
Chapter 3: Rubber dam and its Application
65
 Introduction to isolation methods
 Indications of isolation methods
 Advantages of isolation during operative work
 Rubber dam components and their uses
 Rubber dam Application methods
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the methods of isolation during clinical procedures and their prime
importance in the safest use of dental materials and equipment during Operative
procedures
Chapter 4: Dental Cariology

 Introduction
 Etiology
 Classification
 Clinical characteristics of the lesion
 Histopathology of caries
 Diagnosis and prevention
 Management of Dental caries
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the unit, Students will be able to:
 Diagnose the most infectious disease of teeth, Dental Caries
 Understand the different methods of Caries prevention and Management
Chapter 5: Principles of Cavity Preparation

 Definition of tooth preparation
 Need for restorations
 classification of tooth preparation
 Objectives of tooth preparation
 Stages and steps of tooth preparation
 Factors affecting tooth preparation
Tooth preparation terminologies

1. Simple, compound, and complex tooth preparations
2. Abbreviated descriptions of tooth preparations
3. Tooth preparation wall
4. Tooth preparation angles
5. Dentino-enamel junction
6. Cemento-enamel junction
66
7. Enamel margin strength
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the method of cavity preparation according to the extension of lesion
 Understand the requirement of different armamentariums for specific cavity designs
 Understand the principles of long term maintenance of restorations in the oral cavity
Chapter 6: Introduction to Restorative Materials

(Amalgam, Composites, Glass Ionomer, Pit and Fissure Sealants)
 Terminology and classification
 Composition, structure, and properties
 Clinical considerations
 Indications and contraindications
 Advantages and Disadvantages
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the use of different restorative material according to different clinical
situation and according to patient aesthetic and functional demands.
Chapter 7: Class I Cavity Preparation for Amalgam Restorations

A.) Conservative Class I amalgam restorations
1. Initial clinical procedures,
2. Tooth preparation
3. Restorative technique
B.) Extensive Class I amalgam restorations,

1. Initial clinical procedures
C.) Class I occlusolingual amalgam restorations

1. Initial clinical procedures
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the accurate method of Class I Cavity Preparation for Amalgam
 Understand, how to utilize the principles during cavity preparation
67
 Understand the manipulation of Amalgam in class I cavity
Chapter 8: Class II CAVITY PREPARATION FOR AMALGAM

 Initial clinical procedures,
 Tooth preparation for Class II amalgam restorations involving only one proximal surface
 Placing a sealer or adhesive system
 Placing a matrix,
 Inserting and carving the amalgam
 Finishing and polishing the amalgam
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the preparation method for Class II cavity preparation for Amalgam
Restoration
 Understand the choice of Matrix System for Class II cavity.
 Understand the handling of Amalgam in class II Cavity restoration
Chapter 9: Matrix and Retainer Systems

 Introduction
 Classification
 Different designs of matrix system
 Indications
 Advantages
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the use of different matrix systems according to different clinical situations
 Understand the utilization of advantages of their uses in the buildup of missing walls and
regaining the contours of walls properly
Chapter 10: Liners and Bases

 Introduction
 Classification
 Composition, structure and properties
 Indications
 Advantages
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the unit, student will be able to:
 Understand the importance of their clinical use in the restorations of different cavities.
68
 Understand the method of application of these pulpal protecting agents in deep carious
and non-carious cavities
Chapter 11: Class III Cavity Preparation for Composite

 Conventional class III tooth preparation
 Beveled conventional class III tooth preparation
 Modified class III tooth preparation
 Restorative tecnique
 Etching
 Bonding agent application
 matrix application
 placement and curing of Composite
 finishing and polishing of restoration
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the accurate method of cavity preparation in the aesthetic zones of oral
cavity
 Understand the manipulation of tooth colored restoration (composite)
 Understand the importance of polishing of aesthetic restorations
Chapter12: Class IV Cavity Preparation for Composite

 Conventional class IV tooth preparation
 Beveled conventional class IV tooth preparation
 Modified class IV tooth preparation
1. etching,priming,placing adhesive
2. matrix application
3. placement and curing of Composite
4. finishing and polishing of restoration
Learning Outcomes
 Understand the accurate method of cavity preparation in the aesthetic zones of oral
cavity
 Understand the manipulation of tooth colored restoration (composite)
 Understand the importance of polishing of aesthetic restoration
69
Chapter 13: Class V Cavity Preparation
 Conventional class V tooth preparation
 Beveled conventional class V tooth preparation
 Modified class V tooth preparation
 Sandwhich tecnique
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the unit, student will be able to:
 Understand the accurate method of class V cavity preparations
 Understand the manipulation of tooth colored restoration, (composite)
 Understand the use of sand-which technique for deep class cavities
Chapter 14: Anterior and Posterior crowns

 Indications
 Contraindications
 Types
 Advantages
Learning Outcomes
 understand the use these crowns in different clinical requirements
 understand the importance of these crowns in maintaining the heavily restored teeth

REFFERENCE BOOK:
Art and Science of Operative Dentistry
SECTION (B) “Lab Sessions”
SECTION B
TOPICS FOR LAB SESSIONS
Hands on Lab sessions in junior operative Lab; where students will be oriented to different
armamentarium used in operative dentistry, followed by hands on procedures on phantom heads
and typhodonts.
Sessions will compromise of hands on demonstration by the instructor followed by
performance of procedure by students individually on phantom heads under supervision.
70
1. Introduction to armamentarium used in operative dentistry.
 Identification of instruments
 Classifications
 Uses
 Method to use
 Hands on performance
2. Rubber Dam application

 Introduction to rubber dam kit
 Identification
 Hands on performance to place rubber dam
 Placement of rubber dam in posterior arch/anterior arch/ cross arch and single tooth
isolation
 Placement of rubber dam with surgical knots
3. Pits and fissure sealant.

 Hands on performance of pits and fissure sealants.
 Methods of isolation in pediatric patients.
 Application of pits and fissure sealants in posterior teeth both maxillary and mandible
arches.
4. Class I Cavity preparation for Amalgam restoration.

 Hands on performance of Class I cavity preparation
 Methods of determining different cavity dimensions
 Methods of isolation in pediatric/adult patients.
 Mixing of different cavity lining materials
 Application of lining materials on teeth.
 Amalgam mixing by pastel and mortar.
 Amalgam mixing by Amalgamator.
 Condensation of amalgam.
 Burnishing of amalgam
 Techniques of Carving of amalgam.
 Finishing and polishing of amalgam.
5. Class II Cavity preparation for Amalgam restoration.

 Hands on performance of Class II cavity preparation
71
 Methods of placement of different matrix systems
 Ivory matrix / Tofelmier / Palodent matrix
 Wedge placement
 Burnishing of amalgam.
 Techniques of Carving amalgam.
 Finishing and polishing of amalgam.
6. Class III Cavity preparation for Amalgam restoration

 Hands on performance of Class III cavity preparation
 Techniques of Carving Amalgam.
 Finishing and polishing of amalgam
7. Class III Cavity preparation for Composite restoration

 Hands on performance of Class III cavity preparation
 Placement of composite matrix
 Techniques of placement of composite material.
72
 Use of bonding agent and composite led light
 Composite finishing and polishing
8. Class IV Cavity preparation for amalgam restoration

 Hands on performance of Class IV cavity preparation
 Wedge placement
 Finishing and polishing of amalgam
9. Class IV Cavity preparation for Composite restoration

 Hands on performance of Class IV cavity preparation
 Placement of composite matrix
 Techniques of placement of composite material.
 Use of bonding agent and composite led light
 Composite finishing and polishing
10. Class V Cavity preparation for amalgam and Composite restorations

 Hands on performance of Class V cavity preparation
73
 Techniques of burnishing of Amalgam
 Finishing and polishing of Amalgam
11. Splinting
 Introduction to splinting
 Wire selection for splinting
 Arch analysis anterior
 Intra-coronal splinting
 Extra-coronal splinting
 Application of composite buttons
REFFERENCE BOOK
Art and Science of Operative Dentistry
74
Table of Specifications
Professional/Pre-Annual/Annual/Supply
2nd Year BDS Examination
75
Second Professional BDS Examination (2020)
Community and Preventive Dentistry
Table of Specifications for Annual 2nd Professional Examination: Theory
Time Allowed =03 hrs. (Including MCQs)
Marks of theory paper =90
Internal assessment =10
Total marks =100
Pass Marks =50
45 x MCQs (45 Marks) Time =50 min
Q. No. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
8 x SAQs/SEQs (Recall) = 05 marks each
1 x SAQs/SEQs (Application) = 05marks each
Total Marks = 45 Marks Time = 2 hours & 10 min
NUMBER OF MCQs (45)

Recall: 35 NUMBER OF SAQs/SEQs (09)
S.No Topic
Application: 10 05 marks each
1 mark each
a. Introduction to public health
and dental public health
1. b. Etiology, Epidemiology and 04 01
Public health aspect of Oral
diseases and disorders
Etiology, Epidemiology and
2 Public health aspect of Oral 10 01
diseases and disorders
3 Health care delivery system 05 01
4 Fluorides and preventive dentistry 07 02
Oral health prevention and

5 07 02
promotion
6 Behavioral sciences 05 01
7 Research methodology 07 01
Total 45 (45 Marks) 09 (45 Marks)
76
A. Internal Assessment Calculation (Theory Annual)
A B C D
Roll No. Name All Modules/ Total
Pre annual Exams or any other exam Marks of internal
Assessment out of 10
Total Marks Sum of Marks obtained x 10 / sum
of total marks in all exams
B. Table of specifications for Annual Professional Exam: Practical
VIVA Practical (OSPE + Clinical Task)

50 marks 40 marks
Examiner 1 Examiner 2 Practical Total
OSPE Clinical Task Notebook
25 Marks 25 Marks 25 Marks 10 Marks 05 Marks 90 Marks
C. Internal Assessment Calculation (Practical)
A B C D
Roll No. Name OSPE/ PTT/ Class tests though out the Total Marks of
year/ Pre annual Exams or any other internal assessment
exam Out of 10
Total Marks Sum of Marks obtained x 10 / sum of

total marks in all exams
77
GENERAL PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY (2020)
TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS FOR BDS SECOND YEAR ANNUAL PROFESSIONAL EXAM: THEORY
Time Allowed = 03 hrs (Including MCQs)
Marks of theory paper = 90
Internal assessments = 10
Total marks = 100
Pass Marks = 50
45 x MCQs 45 Marks Time = 1 hour
Q. No. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
3 x SAQs/SEQs (Application): 05 Marks each (15 Marks)
6 x SAQs/SEQs (Recall): 05 Marks each (30 Marks)
Total Marks= 45 Marks Time= 2 hrs
S.No TOPIC No. MCQs (45) Number of
Recall: 20 SEQs/SEQs (09)
Application: 45 05 mark each
1 mark each
1. General Microbiology 05 01
2. Special Microbiology 05 02
3. Mycology , Virology & Parasitology 09 01
4. Immunology & Genetics 05 01
5. Cell Injury & adaption to cell injury 04 01
6. Inflammation healing and repair 05 01
7. Hemodynamics 06 01
8. Neoplasia & environmental diseases/ 06 01
Tobacco & alcohol abuse
78
Table of Specification for Practical & Viva Voce
Pre Annual , Annual and Supplementary Examination
Max Marks =100 Pass Marks = 50
Gen Practical Total Int Grand

Viva voce Total
Roll No
50 marks 40 marks Viva+Prac Assess
Gen
Ext. Int. Journal Path Spotting Staining
College University 90 10 100
25 25 05 15 15 05
A. Internal Assessment Calculation (Theory)
A B C D
B. Internal Assessment Calculation (Practical)
A B C D
year/ Pre annual Exams or any other internal assessment
exam Out of 10

79
Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Total marks =100
Pass Marks =50
45 x MCQs (45 Marks) Time = 50 min
Q. No. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
NUMBER OF MCQs (45)
Recall : 27 NUMBER OF SAQs/SEQs (09)
S.No Topic
Application : 18 05 marks each
1 mark each
1. Gen Pharmacology 05 01
2. ANS 05 01
3. CNS 05 01
4. Local Anesthetics 04 01
5. Chemo 05 01
6. Opioids/NSAIDs 04 01
7. CVS/ Diuretics/Blood 05 01
8. Respiratory/GIT 06 01
9. Endocrinology 06 01
80
Internal Assessment Calculation (Theory Annual)
A B C D
Table of Specifications for Annual Professional Exam: Practical
VIVA Practical (OSPE + Practical Note Book)

50 marks 40 marks
Total
Examiner 1 Examiner 2 OSPE Practical Notebook
25 Marks 25 Marks 35Marks 05 Marks 90 Marks
Internal Assessment Calculation (Practical)

A B C D
year/ Pre annual Exams or any other internal
exam assessment Out of
10

81
Science of Dental Materials
Total marks =100
Pass Marks =50
45 x MCQs (45 Marks) Time =50 min
Q. No. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Total MCQs = 45 Total SAQs/SEQs = 09
Recall = 30 Recall = 06
S.No Topic
Application = 15 Application = 03
01 mark each 05 mark each
 Properties Used to Characterize 06 01
Materials
1.
 Requirements of Direct Filling
Materials and Historical Perspectives
 Gypsum Products for Dental Casts 04 01
2.  Waxes
 Investments and Refractory Dies
 Metals 06 01
 Metals and Alloys
 Gold and Alloys of Noble Metals
3.
 Base Metal Casting Alloys
 Steel and Wrought Alloys
 Implants
 Ceramics and Porcelain Fused to 06 01
4. Metals (PFM)
 Castings
 Prosthetic Polymers 03 01
 Synthetic Polymers
 Denture Base Polymers
5.  Denture Lining Materials
 Artificial Teeth
 Auxiliary Materials : Separating
Media
 Impression Materials 06 01
6.  Impression Materials :
Classification and Requirements
82
 Non Elastic Impression Materials
 Elastic Impression Materials :
Hydrocolloids
 Elastic Impression Materials :
Synthetic Elastomers
 Cements 05 01
 Glass Ionomer Restorative
Materials (Polyalkenoates)
 Cements Based on Phosphoric
Acids
7.  Cements Based on Organometallic
Chelates Compounds
 Polycarboxylates
 Requirements of Dental Cements
for Lining , Base and Luting
Applications
 Resin-Based Materials 05 01
 Resin-Based Filling Materials
8.  Bonding of Resin-Based Materials
 Resin-Modified and Related
Materials
9.  Dental Amalgam 02 01
 Miscellaneous Topics 02 ---
 Endodontic Materials
10.
 Preventive Materials : Dentifrices
and Pit and Fissure Sealants
83
A B C D
Table of specifications for Annual Professional Exam: Practical
VIVA Practical (OSPE + Wire Work + Plaster slab)

50 marks 40 marks Total
Examiner 1 Examiner 2 OSPE Wire Work Plaster Slab

90 Marks
25 Marks 25 Marks 30 Marks 05 Marks 05 Marks
Internal Assessment Calculation (Practical)
A B C D
Roll No. Name OSPE/ PTT/ Class tests though out the Total Marks of internal
year/ Pre annual Exams or any other assessment Out of 10
exam

84
Preclinical Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry
Total marks =100
Pass Marks =50
45 x MCQs (45 Marks) Time =50 hour
Q. No. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
3 x SAQs/SEQs (Application) = 05 marks each
Part A – Preclinical Prosthodontics
01 MCQ 22 (01 mark each) 22 Marks
02 SEQ / SAQ 5 x SAQs 25 Marks 47 Marks
Part B – Preclinical Operative Dentistry
01 MCQ MCQ 23 (01 mark
each) 43 Marks
02 SEQ / SAQ 4 x SAQ 20
Total 90 Marks
Internal Assessment of both subjects 10 Marks
Grand Total 100 Marks
85
Preclinical Prosthodontics
NUMBER OF MCQs (22)

S. No Topic Application: 05 05 marks each
1 mark each
1. Introduction to Prosthodontics -
Anatomical landmarks of Maxilla and 01
2. Mandible
02
3. Dental Casts and Record bases 02
4. Impressions and impression trays 02
Occlusal Rims, Jaw relations and 01
5. 02
Articulators
Occlusion, Occlusion in complete
6. 02
dentures
7. Artificial teeth 02 01
8. Selection and Arrangement of
02
teeth
9. Laboratory procedures 02 -
10. Spot grinding 02 -
11. Classification of partially
02
edentulous arches
12. 02
Components of Partial Denture
02
13. Surveying
Grand Total 47 marks
86
Preclinical Operative Dentistry
NUMBER OF MCQs (23)

S. No Topic Application: 05 05 marks each
1 mark each
Armamentarium of operative 04 -
1.
dentistry
2. Dental Cariology 04 01
Cavity preparation Class I – 05 01
3.
Class V
4. Liners and bases 04
01
5. Matrix and retainer system 03
6. Restorative materials 03 01
Grand Total 43 Marks
Internal Assessment in each subject i.e Preclinical prosthodontics and Preclinical

operative dentistry

 Class Tests and sendup exam
Internal Assessment (Practical)

 Quota work assigned
87

2nd Year BDS Curriculum

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nd

National University of Medical Sciences

Ser Topic Page No

1. Community and Preventative Dentistry 07

2. Gen Pathology & Microbiology 18

4. Science of Dental Materials 41

6. Pre-clinical Operative Dentistry 64

1. Community and Preventative Dentistry

2. Gen Pathology & Microbiology 78

4. Science of Dental Materials 82

5. Pre-clinical Operative Dentistry & Pre-clinical 85

Subject Contact Hours

*Behavioral Science may be taught as a part of community & Preventive Dentistry

Pre-annual examination will be from whole syllabus.

The result will be submitted to examination branch for record.

1. INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH AND DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH

By the end of this section the students would be able to

 How dentistry play a role in forensics

2. ETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECT OF ORAL DISEASES AND

By the end of this section the students would be able to learn

3. FLUORIDES AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY

By the end of this section the students would be able to learn

 Fluorides and water fluoridation

 Learn to know Pit and fissure sealants

4. ORAL HEALTH PREVENTION AND PROMOTION

By the end of this section the students would be able to learn

 Learn the Public health aspects of dental services

iii Examination of institutionalized population like school children

C. Planning and conducting a dental health education (D.H.E.) session:

E. Dental instruments and dental materials

GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY

Cell Injury and Cellular Adaptations

Structure and properties of viruses and an overview of common viral infections:

Structure and properties of fungi and an overview of common fungal infections:

Structure and properties of protozoa and an overview of common protozoal

Structure and properties of parasites and an overview of common parasitic

LECTURE PLAN OF PATHOLOGY – 2ND YEAR BDS

S/NO Topics No of Lectures

DISTRIBUTION OF MOCROBIOLOGY TOPICS – 2ND YEAR BDS

LECTURE PLAN OF MICROBIOLOGY

LECTURES HAEMATOLOGY TOTAL NUMBER OF LECTURES – 04

CLINICAL / CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY

Comparison of catecholamines and non

Central Types of ion channels, Neurotransmitters

47. II. Carbamazepine, Lecture

48. succinimides, Lecture

Drugs treatment of Classification and

51. Introduction, Lecture

54. Classification, Lecture

56. acid der. & Lecture

Quinolones. MoA, PK, classification, uses, spectrum and

85. Anti viral drugs –I Lecture Structure, life cycle, classification,

Drug – Drug interactions Lecture Pharmacokinetic level & Pharmacodynamic

SECTION II DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

SECTION III INDIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

SECTION IV AUXILIARY DENTAL MATERIALS

SECTION V PREVENTIVE DENTAL MATERIALS

SECTION VI ENDODONTIC MATERIALS

1. Classification and overview of different preventive and restorative materials

2. Structure of matter and principles of adhesion