Hacking Seth A Borja

Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

Main Campus: Boac / Branches: Santa Cruz • Torrijos • Gasan
Panfilo P. Manguera Sr. Rd., Tanza, Boac, Marinduque 4900
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Tel. No.: (042) 332-2028 Email Address: sucpresident.msc@gmail.com
Website: www.marinduquestatecollege.edu.ph 1
Differences of Ethical Hacking and Unethical Hacking
A Research Paper
Submitted By:
Seth A. Borja
(Subject)
Submitted To:
(teacher)
Vision: Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by 2025.
Mission: Marnduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic, professional
and technologically advanced programs across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and development and research-
driven outreach program.
Build a Brighter Future with MSC!

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Abstract:
This paper explores the ethics behind ethical hacking and whether there are problems that lie with
this new field of work. Since ethical hacking has been controversial subject over the past few years, the
question remains of the true intentions of ethical hackers. And also what are the differences between of
Ethical and Unethical hacking.

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I.INTRODUCTION
We often hear about hacking and the dangers it poses. Little did people know that there are two
sides to it like two sides of a coin. Understanding the true intensions of undertaking a hacking activity
requires a deeper understanding than a general knowledge of the concept. For the general public, this
is quite a hard task these days, and it is even harder once the issue of ethics come in. To understand the
intensions of every single ethical hacker getting into vulnerable system or networks, requires a more
complex knowledge.
It is therefore important to explain the two facets of hacking, that is ethical and unethical hacking.
It is necessary to present the two sides of the concept so that people understand why there is a need to
undertake hacking in some occasions.
This paper explored the two facets of hacking. It sought to explain the difference between ethical
and unethical hacking. It also sought to compare ethical hacker and unethical hacker.

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II. BODY
Ethical hacking involves an authorized attempt to gain unauthorized access to a computer
system, application, or data ( Ghappour, Ahmed 2017). Carrying out an ethical hack involves
duplicating strategies and actions of malicious attackers. This practice helps to identify security
vulnerabilities which can then be resolved before a malicious attacker has the opportunity to
exploit them. Also known as “white hats,” ethical hackers are security experts that perform
these assessments. The proactive work they do helps to improve an organization’s security
posture. With prior approval from the organization or owner of the IT asset, the mission of
ethical hacking is opposite from malicious hacking.
Hacking refers to activities that seek to compromise digital devices, such as computers,
smartphones, tablets, and even entire networks. And while hacking might not always be for
malicious purposes, nowadays most references to hacking, and hackers, characterize it/them as
unlawful activity by cybercriminals—motivated by financial gain, protest, information gathering
(spying), and even just for the “fun” of the challenge.
Many think that “hacker” refers to some self-taught whiz kid or rogue programmer skilled at
modifying computer hardware or software so it can be used in ways outside the original

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developers' intent. But this is a narrow view that doesn't begin to encompass the wide range of
reasons why someone turns to hacking. (Wendy Zamora, 2016.)
Hacking is typically technical in nature (like creating malvertising that deposits malware in a
drive-by attack requiring no user interaction). But hackers can also use psychology to trick the
user into clicking on a malicious attachment or providing personal data. These tactics are
referred to as “social engineering.”
“Hacking has evolved from teenage mischief into a billion-dollar growth business.” In
fact, it's accurate to characterize hacking as an over-arching umbrella term for activity behind
most if not all of the malware and malicious cyberattacks on the computing public, businesses,
and governments. Besides social engineering and malvertising, common hacking techniques
include: Botnets, Browser, hijacks, Denial of service (DDoS) attacks ,Ransomware, Rootkits,
Trojans and Viruses
Unethical Hacking is undertaken in order to provide harm or loss to the company. Even
the hackers are categorized as White Hackers or Black Hackers depending on the type of
hacking them perform.
More than two months ago, the Philippines was placed under a nationwide lockdown.
Overnight, everything became digital. The traditional classroom set-up became virtual classes, while

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boardroom meetings, as well as informal gatherings, shifted to video conferencing meetings. Online
apps for buying and selling are also utilized, and going cashless has become the preferred mode of
payment.
With the rise of these online platforms, the threat to our personal data is also increasing.
Recent news reported several cyber-related breaches, including fraudulent credit card transactions,
identity thefts, and software stealing. Cybercriminals have taken advantage of the current health
crisis and are attacking individuals, corporations, and even government organizations when their
cyber defenses are most vulnerable.
Hacking is one of the most common types of cybercrimes. These hackers, specifically the
black hat hackers, are responsible for taking advantage of the weaknesses of computer systems and
maliciously infiltrate the same to illegally obtain some gain or benefits ( Thomas J. Holt and
Bernadette H. Schell, 2018).
In the Philippines, we have several laws that punish the act of hacking. Foremost is Republic
Act No. 8792, or the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000, which defines hacking as the “unauthorized
access into or interference in a computer system/server or information and communication system;
or any access in order to corrupt, alter, steal, or destroy using a computer or other similar
information and communication devices, without the knowledge and consent of the owner of the
computer or information and communications system, including the introduction of computer

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viruses and the like, resulting in the corruption, destruction, alteration, theft or loss of electronic
data messages or electronic document.”
A person who is found guilty of hacking is “punished by a minimum fine of P100,000 and a
maximum commensurate to the damage incurred and a mandatory imprisonment of six months to
three years.”
Republic Act No. 11449, which expanded the Access Devices Regulations Act of 1998, likewise
punishes hacking. A person found guilty of this act is punished by an “imprisonment for not less
than six years and not more than 10 years and a fine of P500,000 or twice the value obtained by the
offender, whichever is higher, without prejudice to the civil liability of the offender.” Moreover,
hacking of a bank’s system is considered an economic sabotage, which is met with the harshest
penalty of life imprisonment. (Ann Catherine L CO, 2015)
Under Republic Act No. 10175, or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, offenses against
confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems, including, 1.) illegal access
to a computer system without right; 2.) illegal interception; 3.) data interference; and, 4.) system
interference, are penalized. Any person found guilty of any of the above acts shall be “punished
with imprisonment of prison mayor or a fine of at least P200,000 up to a maximum amount
commensurate to the damage incurred or both.”

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Finally, Republic Act No. 10173, or the Data Privacy Act of 2012, recognizes the role of
information and communications technology in the modern world, and the need to protect and
secure the rights of the data subject, particularly its right to privacy. The law punishes unauthorized
processing of personal and sensitive personal information, as well as unauthorized access or
intentional breach of security data systems where personal and sensitive information is stored. A
person found violating the provisions of the Data Privacy Act will be subject to imprisonment and/or
a fine.
With the government’s policy encouraging everyone to stay, learn, or work from home, focus
on one’s cybersecurity is essential. Being online opens new doors for cybercriminals to exploit our
vulnerabilities. Thus, it is timely and apt to know and understand the laws that protect our rights
against hacking.

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III.Conclusion
Ethical hackers use their knowledge to secure and improve the technology of
organizations. They provide an essential service to these organizations by looking for
vulnerabilities that can lead to a security breach.
An ethical hacker reports the identified vulnerabilities to the organization. Additionally,
they provide remediation advice. In many cases, with the organization’s consent, the ethical
hacker performs a re-test to ensure the vulnerabilities are fully resolved.
Malicious hackers (Black hat) intend to gain unauthorized access to a resource (the more sensitive
the better) for financial gain or personal recognition. Some malicious hackers deface websites or crash
backend servers for fun, reputation damage, or to cause financial loss. The methods used and
vulnerabilities found remain unreported. They are not concerned with improving the organizations
security posture.

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References
Ghappour, Ahmed (2017). "Tallinn, Hacking, and Customary International Law".
Thomas J. Holt and Bernadette H. Schell (2018). Hackers and Hacking:A Reference Handbook
Wendy Zamora (2018) Under the Hoodie: Why money and power drive hackers to cybercrime
IDerek, Sooman(2017) University offers Ethical Hacking course https://www.techspot.com/news/21942-
universityoffers-ethical-hacking-course.html
https://www.synopsys.com/glossary/what-is-ethical-hacking.html#:~:text=Ethical%20hacking%20involves
%20an%20authorized,and%20actions%20of%20malicious%20attackers.
M. Alexander, (2015) https://www.multisoftvirtualacademy.com/blog/differentiating-between-ethical-
and-unethical-hacking/#:~:text=While%2C%20Ethical%20Hacking%20is%20done,or%20loss%20to%20the
%20company. , https://www.synopsys.com/glossary/what-is-ethical-hacking.html#:~:text=Ethical

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%20hacking%20involves%20an%20authorized,and%20actions%20of%20malicious%20attackers.

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Republic of the Philippines

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

Differences of Ethical Hacking and Unethical Hacking

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

Ethical and Unethical hacking.

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

undertake hacking in some occasions.

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

Ethical hacking involves an authorized attempt to gain unauthorized access to a computer

ethical hacking is opposite from malicious hacking.

unlawful activity by cybercriminals—motivated by financial gain, protest, information gathering

(spying), and even just for the “fun” of the challenge.

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

reasons why someone turns to hacking. (Wendy Zamora, 2016.)

referred to as “social engineering.”

Trojans and Viruses

hacking them perform.

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

cyber defenses are most vulnerable.

Bernadette H. Schell, 2018).

access into or interference in a computer system/server or information and communication system;

computer or information and communications system, including the introduction of computer

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

data messages or electronic document.”

penalty of life imprisonment. (Ann Catherine L CO, 2015)

with imprisonment of prison mayor or a fine of at least P200,000 up to a maximum amount

commensurate to the damage incurred or both.”

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

processing of personal and sensitive personal information, as well as unauthorized access or

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

organizations. They provide an essential service to these organizations by looking for

vulnerabilities that can lead to a security breach.

An ethical hacker reports the identified vulnerabilities to the organization. Additionally,

hacker performs a re-test to ensure the vulnerabilities are fully resolved.

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

Ghappour, Ahmed (2017). "Tallinn, Hacking, and Customary International Law".

IDerek, Sooman(2017) University offers Ethical Hacking course https://www.techspot.com/news/21942-

M. Alexander, (2015) https://www.multisoftvirtualacademy.com/blog/differentiating-between-ethical-

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

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