Unit IV: Performing Arts

Lesson 2: Music and Dance

Duration: 3 hrs

Introduction
Performing arts is one of the classifications of art wherein the artists use their bodies
and voices to express message in a creative manner. Performing artist express his
emotion, feelings, sentiments or taste through performance like, music, dance, spoken
word, theatre, musical play and others. The arts and skills in performing arts require a
performance in front of public audience.
True enough that performing arts covers a wide range of disciplines, this lesson will
focus only music and dance.
According to Nielsen Music (2017), 90% of the population listens to music. On average,
they spend 32.1 hours a week of which comprise of 41% listening time though
streaming; 24% from radio, 14% digital music library, 11% physical music formats and
9% for other means.
Under music and the curriculum, (George-Hemming, Westvall, Music Education
Research. 2010), music is stated to influence the individual on a number of different
levels of perception, which eventually makes it to be an important tool for expressing
ideas, and impressions and for developing social skills.
Dance also contributes to aesthetic, moral and intellectual values as well as enhancing
physical adeptness and overall well-being. Plato asserted that dance trains the mind and
soul to differentiate among those forms of actions, feelings, and ideas capable of
producing nobility of character and refinement of mind. (Carter, 1984). Basically, both
music and dance are unique forms of aesthetic expression as an integral part to the
education of students.

Objectives:
During the three-hour period, you are expected to:
➢ Explain music and dance as art forms.
➢ Distinguish the elements and features of music and dance.
➢ Demonstrate appreciation to music and dance through watching and listening to
videos.
➢ Create an analysis to a particular piece in music and dance separately by crunching
its elements.

Pre- test

Note: Give it a try! Test yourself by answering the activity. Good Luck!

A. Identify the symbol asked for each item.

1. Circle the half note.

2. Circle the eighth note.

3. Circle the whole rest.

4. Circle the sixteenth

rest.

5. Circle the whole note.

B. Identify the category of the following dances. Circle your answer.

6.Cha-cha-cha
A. Solo dance B. Group dance
C. Partner dance D. Folk dance
7.Festival dance
A.Solo dance B. Group dance
C. Partner dance D. Folk dance
8. Ballet
A. Solo dance B. Group dance
C. Partner dance D. Folk dance
9. Tango
A. Solo dance B. Group dance
C. Partner dance D. Folk dance
10. Hip Hop
A. Solo dance B. Group dance
C. Partner dance D. Folk dance

Lesson Proper:

A. Activity
Before we go directly through the
content of this lesson, you should
finish this simple activity .
Task 2. Answer the following.
What type of music do you prefer listening to?
Describe the good characteristics you like
about it.
 What type of dance are you interested
performing or watching? What makes it
interesting for you?

What type of music

and dance do you find
less

interesting and entertaining? And why do you say

so?

B.Analysis
 Let us recall your experience on Task 1 and task 2. Write your experience
here: After answering activity 1and 2, I realize that
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C.Abstraction (input, lesson proper)
Music

“Music is an art, a craft and a science involving the conscious organization of sound and
silence in the framework of time for the purpose of effecting communication between
men,” (Winold, 1966).

Music, as it is found in all societies, is considered the most universal type of performing
arts, often as an integral part of other art forms and other fields of cultural heritage that
inculcate traditions, festive activities, custom and traditions.

We might argue that such a concept is so general and inclusive that many items that are
generally not considered music may be related to it. Are the notes hitting a cat
unintentionally as it walks over a piano keyboard to be called music? Possibly not;
however, if we record this sound, alter it electronically to create various pitches and
durations and arrange them as composers of the electronic compositions of today, then
we might legally mark the music of the product.

Elements of Music

According to Allen Winold, there are five elements of music:

1. Rhythm. It is the flow of music. It is the part of music that deals with the notes'
accents, durations and rhythm. When integrated with an arrangement called melody, it
is often better understood.
Figure 1. This is the theoretical illustration of rhythm which encompasses the different
kinds of notes and rests, and its corresponding value.
 https://www.pinterest.ph/pin
/
2. Melody. A set of single tones arranged in patterns of ascending and descending that
add up to a whole that can be recognized as a whole. It has direction, form and
continuity; a melody starts, moves and ends. Tension and release, anticipation and
arrival are expressed by the up and down movement of its pitches.

Source: @Filipino Music Sheets

Source: @Filipino Music Sheets
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/
3. Dynamics. Loudness and softness of a sound. Loudness is indicated by special
words or symbols such as forte-loud, fortissimo-very loud and fortississimo-very very
loud.
English Italian Abbreviatio
ns

Very soft pianissimo pp

soft piano p

Moderately soft Mezzo mp

Moderately loud Mezzo mf

 loud forte f

Very loud fortissimo ff

Growing Decrescen cresc.

softer do

Growing louder decresc.

Crescendo

Source: 1966 Winold, Eelements of Musical

Understanding

4.Texture. It refers to the relationships between any simultaneously sounding elements

Source: @Filipino Music Sheets
in music such as tones, melodies, rhythms, etc. The three basic textures used in music
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/
as monophonic (one melody alone), homophonic (one main melody with
accompaniment) and polyphonic (two or more independent melodies sounded
simultaneously).
➢ Monophonic: Someone Like You (A capella cover)
Source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTchyZ6gsMI&list=PL-5wm7QJscofFst
uwwy2KkyYnsKIthYQ
➢ Homophonic:: National Antem (Duet)
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-JyGHGsXD8
➢ Polyphonic: Paru-parong Bukid (Choral Singing)
Source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvnBlDlih88

Types of Music

According to the Prof. Herminio M. Suarez in his book understanding the fundamentals
of music, here are some of the types of music.

Orchestral Music is the regular selection of several musicians (more than eighty)
grouped by their instruments, led by their years of experience and practice of sheet
music and the conductor.
● Symphony. It consists of four (sometimes three) movements. Usually, by the kind of
emotion they are meant to evoke, they vary from each other.
● Suite. (Pronounced as sweet, French for a sequence) It is an organization of short
movements, either self-composed or taken from the composition of someone else.. ●
Overture. It is a piece of composition that acts as the curtain-raiser to the opera. ●
Concerto. It consists essentially of three movements produced solely to allow the soloist
instrument to shine out. This is different from a symphony in which all instruments play in
unison.
● Ballet. It is orchestral music focused on the movements of dance. During the Romantic
period, this form was developed and nurtured.

Incidental music is directly related to the stage music; it provides the motion to an act.
The sections are short and often repetitive.
● Chamber music. This is musical work composed specifically for a smaller instrumental
arrangement (smallest than an orchestra.
● Opera. The most famous form of classical music in the Baroque era. It's an orchestra
that's set for a whole play. The composition can be created to complement an act or
display a character 's emotions on a colorfully crafted backdrop.

Popular Music. Includes many kinds of music, such as folk music, country musicm jazz,
rock music, and music from musical comedies and films.

Dance

Dance, usually accompanied by music, is a rhythmic and expressive movement of the

body in successive motion. It is one of the oldest arts that actually reflects the age-old
need of man to communicate various emotions such as happiness, sorrow, excitement,
and others.
For almost all occasions, dance literally began as man's own life, in whatever aspects
such as birth, death, curing the ill, asking for forgiveness, war, marriage-dancing were
celebrated. There are dances that show appreciation for a good harvest, or just a
pleasurable expression of the body in the celebration of religious festivities. It uniquely
intensifies different moods and emotions that somehow deepen everybody’s feelings.
Dancing can be both an art and a hobby for many generations.
As an art, a story is said to set one's mood to convey those feelings. It somehow offers
relaxation, compassion and enjoyment as a means of leisure. Dance is a mixed form,
since it focuses on the body's movements and is timed to music. A dance without music
is very hard to picture. Therefore, a dance can be well done in this sense if it uses
costumes, lighting, certain stage scenery and music.

Features of Dance as Art Form

There are two kinds of movement Macario Gayeta. These follows: movement within the
body which includes the hand and arms and movememt from one space to another as
walking, running, etc. But now movement can be classified as dance.
1. Music. It is closely related to dance for it plays a significant role on it. It is used as
accompaniment that somehow motivation the dancer’s movement.
2. Movement. It refers to action of dances with the use of their bodies to create
organized patterns.
3. Theme. It pertains to the content or main ingredient of dance. It actually conveys the
message of the dance.
4. Techniques. It refers to the skill in executing movement. As dancer, one needs to
have complete control over the muscles of his body for him to be said technically
proficient.
5. Design. It refers to the arrangement of movements according to pattern in time
(either fast or slow) and space (one’s position in relation to his background).
6. Properties and Costumes. These contribute to the visual effect of dance. The
costumes can somehow relate closely to the beliefs and environment of people.

Elements of Dance

According to Gilbert's dance principles, space, time, and force (energy) are the elements
of motion or dance. It is the body that is the instrument. The body moves with force in
the
space of motion and in time. It is important to interpret the dance concepts holistically.
Both components of dance are combined all the time when taking part in dance. The
distinction between concepts here serves as a way of thinking about, organizing, and
analyzing dance.

❖ Space. Where is movement performed?

❖ Time. When is movement performed?

❖ Force. How is movement performed?

❖ Body. What is being used to perform?

❖ Form. How is dance structured?

Movement Space
1. Direction-is the line of movement taken which maybe forward, backward,
sideward, diagonal , upward or a combination of those mentioned.
2. Level- is movement through space that maybe done at a high, low, or medium
level.
3. Range- refers to the area covered as the body moves.
4. Floor Pattern- the path or design that is made while moving in space is what is
termed as floor pattern.

Categories of Dance
There are many types of dances around the world and they can be divided
into two principal categories that each has subcategories :(Castro, 2010)
1. Dance categories by number of interacting dancers are
2. Dance categories by main purpose
Dance categories by number of interacting dancers are:
A. Solo dance- ‘a person” dances alone like ballet, jazz and hip hop. ■
Ballet is established on techniques that have been developed over centuries.
■ Jazz- has become the most popular dance forms in recent years. ■ Hip hop-
is a dance form, generally dance with hip hop music.
B. Partner dance- The guy is usually the leader and the woman, the follower,
in any partner dance. They maintain a link with each other as a law. The dance is
 called handhold, when the link is loose.
■ Rumba- a dance that tells a story of love and passion between a strong, male
lover and a coy, teasing woman. Full of sensual movements.
■ Cha-cha-cha- its characteristic three-step change of weight carried the identifying
verbal definition, “cha-cha-cha”.
■ Tango- has various styles that differ in both tempo and basic dance movements.
The tango styles can be divided into two categories: close embrace and open
embrace.
C. Group dance- are danced by groups of people at the same time, as
opposed to solo dance and to partner dancing.
■ Folk dance- a form of dance often performed by a group of people who wish to
conserve or express a national or ethnic sentiment and shows traditional life of the
people of a country or region.
■ Line dance- is a group of people dancing in one or more lines performing the
same movements.
■ Round dance-in the first category are often ethnic, folk or country dances. The
dances related to sicial ballroom often belonging to the second category.

D. Application
Task 4. Listening Activity
Direction. Listen and watch to different types of music and dance. Then in a short bond
paper, paste screenshot pictures of the compositions you have listened to.
5 music. (Overture, symphony, popular music)
5 dances. (Solo, partner and group)
And write the following:
A. Title
B. Element that has been given emphasis
C. Mood of the music/dance.
Task 5. Tiktok Challenge. Tiktok is a short-form, video-sharing app that allows users to
create 15-second or 60-second videos.
Direction: Choose from the different types discussed, one music and one dance.
Perform it through the TikTok app. Then, upload it on our FB closed group.

Reflection/Learning Insights
Direction. Answer the given question.
To what extent do you believe that music and dance contribute to your personal
aesthetic fulfilment?
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Post Test
Task 6. Task 6: Test your knowledge here!
Direction. Identify what is being described in the following items.

1. Consists of three or four movements portraying different kinds of emotion with which
each movement is designed to invoke. _____________ 2. A baroque music considered
the most popular type which is accompanied by an orchestra set to an entire play with
great costumes and sceneries. _______________ 3. It is a composition that serves as a
curtain-raiser in an opera. _____________ 4. An orchestral music which is intended for
a dance. ____________
5. Includes many kinds of music, which can be sung and known by the audience.
____________
6. The most prominent dance established on techniques over centuries. ____________
7. A dance that tells a story of love and passion between a man and a woman showing
sensual movements. _______________
8. A dance which is characterized with a three-step change of weight. ____________
9. This is danced by groups of people unlike solo dance and to partner dancing.
______________
10. A category of dance where the man is usually the leader and the woman, the
follower.______________
11. A series of tones in ascending and descending pattern making a recognizable whole.
______________
12. The flow of music through time. _____________
13. The action of dances with the use of their bodies to create organized expression.
____________
14. It means a “book” in language. ______________
15.It refers to the content or main ingredient of dance. _____________

Final Requirement
Music Analysis/Dance Analysis
Direction. Choose either music or dance. Research and discuss about the following
aspects of the piece.
1. Title
2. History
3. Dominant elements/features for the entire piece.
4. Mood and/or theme.
5. Personal insights about the piece.

References
Allen Winold, 1966, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall, Inc.
Herminio M. Suarez, Ed.D., 2012, Understanding the Fundamentals of Music, 316
Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan, St. Andrew Publishing House
Macario G. Gayeta, 2010, Art: Texts and Contexts An Interactive Workbook in
Humanities, 16 Concha St. Tinajeros Malabon City, Jymczyville Publications Jovita F.
Punzalan, 2019, Art Appreciation, 369 Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan, St. Andrew
Publishing House

Electronic Sources

Chapter 1, Elements of Music PDF

https://wmich.edu/mus-gened/mus150/Ch1-elements.pdf
Elements of Dance: Dance Concepts PDF
https://www.kpbsd.k12.ak.us/Workarea/DownloadAsset.aspx?
id=36260 Suggested Readings/Reference
Dance Slideshare
https://www.slideshare.net/jomarigingo/dance-14908246
Value of Notes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYcEOpn6ZVo