Vocabulary Files - Level C2 - KEY

UNIT 1
Pg 4 (H) 1.b 2.c 3.l 4.k 5.i 6.h 7.j 8.g 9.e 10.f 11.d 12.a
(A) 1. face 2. float 3. merging 4. embark 5.facilitate
6. issued/engaged 7. wind/operate 8. run 9. formed Pg 11
10. put 11. stripped 12. audited 13. budgeted (I) a. xiii b. i c. viii d. vii e. ii f. iii g. vi h. v i. ix j. x
14.recapitalize 15. cut 16. put 17. overruning k. xii l. xi m. iv
18. written 19. breaking 20. convened/direct
(J) 1. financial ombudsman 2. public-private partnership
Pg 5 3. trade surplus 4. fiscal year 5. tertiary sector 6. national
(B) a.iii/iv b.iii/iv c.ii d.i e.vii f.viii g.ix h.vi i.v j.x k. xi debt 7. free trade 8. excise duty 9. attorney general
10. state aid 11. civil service 12. semi-state company
(C) 1. cut-throat business 2. false bottom 3. exit strategy 13. welfare state
4. junk bond 5. cash flow 6. credit check 7. factory floor
8. double-dip recession 9. corporate ladder 10. credit crunch (K) 1. extradition 2. international 3. disintegrate 4. consular
11. cottage industry 5. protective

UNIT 3
(D) 1. conglomerate 2. consortium 3. delegation
4. ascertained 5. unsolicited
Pg 12
Pg 6 Job Matters
(E) 1. penetration 2. orientation 3. mitigating 4. predatory (a) a. xviii b. xvii c. ii d. viii e. iii f. vii g. iv h. xiv i. xv
5. meritocracy 6. protectionism/ideologically 7. punitive j. xiii k. ix l. xii m. xi n. vi o. x p. xvi q. v r. i
8. nepotist 9. precedent/capitulation 10.unilaterally
11. viability 12. insolvent 13. receivership 14. requisition (b) 1. hiring policy 2. blue-collar worker 3. benefit in kind
15. repossessed 4. unemployment benefit 5. employment tribunal 6. constructive
dismissal 7. social insurance 8. glass ceiling 9. working
(F) i. capitulation ii. viability iii. unilateral(ly) conditions 10. performance appraisal 11. shop steward
12. salary freeze 13. pay dispute 14. career prospects
(G) 1. remuneration 2. mogul 3. loophole 4. indemnify 15. Office politics 16. maternity leave 17. pay slip 18. job
5. mandate 6. margin 7. inventory 8. purveyor 9. boycott specification
10. nominal 11. mark-up 12. tranche 13. yield
Pg 13
Pg 7 Verb Collocations
(H) 1.learning 2.labour 3.hush 4.sleeping 5.pyramid 1. ply 2. air 3. handed 4. tender 5. hold 6. taking
6.passing 7.nest 8.stamp 9.insider 10.gagging 11.majority 7. terminating 8. breach/relieved 9. take 10. lay 11. made
12.golden 13.inheritance 14.hyper 15.intangible 12. went 13. given 14. claimed 15. apply 16. missed
17. drawing 18. serve 19. take 20. called 21. went
(I) a. viii b. i c. xi d. ix e. vi f. v g. x h. vii i. iii j. iv k. ii 22. enter 23. drive 24. take/cut 25. let 26. climb
27. put/rejected 28. return/reach 29. pursued 30. dismissed
1. Dole 2. magnate 3. Expenditure 4. leave of absence 31. table 32. overlooked
5. bonanza 6. insolvent
Pg 14
Making Ends Meet
UNIT 2 (A) a. internship b. permanent c. recession d. autocrat
Pg 8 e. fist f. hierarchy g. apprenticeship h. profession i. white-collar
(A) a. xi b. i c. ix d. ii e. x f. viii g. vii h. v i. iv j. iii k. vi j. remuneration k. threshold l. firm/practice m. partner
l. xvi m. xiv n. xiii o. xii p. xv n. camaraderie o. fringe p. receivership q. suit r. review
s. mobile t. wage u. poach v. satisfaction w. practice/firm
(B) 1. conceded 2. reneged 3. captures 4. heckled 5. voted x. freelance y. class z. exposure
6. convened 7. jumping 8. sent 9. represented 10. form
11. launched 12. amend 13. received 14. canvassing Pg 15
15. fixed [resign] is not used (B) 1. boycott 2. supplement(ed)

(C) 1. regained 2. lost 3. cast 4. ejected Word Association

(a) AUTHOR – journal obituary critic(al) pseudonym
Pg 9 memoir genre
(D) 1.withdrew 2.ratified 3.nominated 4.pursuing 5.run BANKER – turmoil broker dividend floatation commodities
6.held 7.suffered 8.question 9.spin 10.pledged 11.called revenue
12. held 13. turned 14. shifted 15. defeated 16. extended LAWYER – executor plaintiff technicality subpoena (ed)
17. polarised 18. veto 19. adopting 20. rejected counsel writ
SCIENTIST – specimen clinical trial autopsy breakthrough
(E) a. viii b. i c. v d. ii e. iv f. vi g. vii h. iii forensic subject(s)
POLICE – checkpoint enforcement cordon homicide
(F) 1. cabinet reshuffle 2. front runner/dark horse 3. exit squad precinct
poll/hung parliament 4. diplomatic immunity 5. landslide victory
(b) 1. i. genre ii. journal iii. critical iv. memoir v. pseudonym
Pg 10 vi. obituary 2. i. broker ii. turmoil iii. commodities
(G) 1. gambit 2. catalyst 3. whistle-stop 4. swing 5. spin iv. floatation v. dividend 3. i. writ ii. counsel iii. technicality
6. old boys’ 7. lame 8. booth 9. apathy 10. unanimous iv. plaintiff v. subpoena(ed) 4. i. forensic ii. breakthrough
11. disaffected 12. gerrymandering 13. budget 14. bureaucratic iii. subjects iv. clinical trials v. autopsy 5. i. squad
15. ovation 16. incumbent/rhetoric 17. bipartisan 18. partisan ii. precinct iii. homicide iv. enforcement v. cordon
19. Raucous 20. appetite
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 UNIT 4 Pg 23
(b) 1. self-righteous 2. brazeness 3. quarrelsome 4. truculence
Pg 16
Types of Crime 5. meddlesome 6. clinging 7. remorse 8. audacity
a. xxiii b. iv c. ii d. i e. xxi f. v g. vi h. xxii i. ix j. xx 9. vindictiveness
k. xxiv l. x m. xi n. xix o. xiii p. xii q. xxv r. xviii s. xvi
t. xvii u. xiv v. viii w. xv x. vii y. iii Story: The Hopeless Romantic
1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. a 9. b 10. b
Perpetrators of Crime 11. c 12. c 13. c 14. d 15. a
a. abductor b. affrayer c. assaulter d. batterer e. blackmailer
f. burglar g. / h. embezzler i. extortioner/extortionist j. forger
k. fraudster/fraud l. gerrymanderer m. harasser n. hijacker
o. / p. hooligan q. / r. money launderer s. mugger
t. perjurer u. petty criminal v. racketeer w. smuggler
x. stalker y. vandal UNIT 6
Pg 24
Pg 17 Homelessness
Vocabulary in Action (A) 1. took 2. exposed 3. obligated-cast/thrust 4. turn
a. perjured b. homicidal c. embezzled d. harassment 5. ridden/exploit/lead 6. weathered 7. bottle 8. live
e. burgled f. money laundered/racketeered g. extortionate 9. struggling-thrust/cast 10. preyed 11. turn/plunge 12. carry
h. smuggler i. blackmail j. stalking k. petty criminal 13. crying 14. living 15. scrounge 16. sponging
l. manslaughter m. vandalised n. hijacking o. fraudulent 17. hit/addicted/torn 18. pilfering
p. forged q. affray r. abducted s. Domestic violence t. assault
(B) a. viii b. iii c. ii d. iv e. i
Pg 18
Verb Collocations Pg 25
a. xi b. v c. vii d. iv/vi e. viii f. ix g. iv/vi h. iii i. xvi j. ii (C) 1. on the margins (of society] 2. run amok 3. loitering with
k. xiii l. i m. xiv n. x o. xii p. xv intent 4. down-and-out 5. on the game

Verbs in Action (D) a.iii b.i c.xi d.ix e.vi f.v g.x h.vii i.viii j.iv k.ii
a. subpoenaed b. collapsed c. dismissed d. apprehended
e. incarcerated f. bailed g. interrogated h. deported i. extradited (E) 1. domestic violence/chequered history 2. emotional
j. let off k. inspecting scars/illicit drugs 3. parental guidance/sleeping rough
4. Substance abuse/soup kitchen 5. kerb crawling/people
Pg 19 trafficking/black market
Types of Punishment
a. i b. vii c. x d. iii e. ix f. iv g. ii h. v i. viii j. vi The Role of Education in the Developing World
1. illiteracy 2. innumeracy 3. initiatives 4. impoverished
Verb Collocations 5. emancipation 6. initiatives 7. privileged 8. trappings
a. granted b. reached c. claiming d. threatening e. settled 9. preoccupied 10. intolerance 11. generation 12. unscrupulous
f. handed down g. imposed h. overturned i. appealing 13. impoverished 14. extremism 15. understanding
j. dismissed 16. irrespective 17. counterparts 18. tensions 19. empower
20. aspirations

UNIT 5 Pg 26
Immigration and the Developing World
Pg 20
Good Qualities and Character Flaws (A) 1. metropolises 2. asylum 3. cosmopolitan 4. surrogate
(a) 1.l 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.k 6.f 7.h 8.g 9.j 10.i 11.e 12.a 5. asylum 6. tangible 7. asylum 8. integration/assimilation
9. integration/assimilation 10. asylum 11. oppression
(b) 1. impetuous 2. cynical 3. gregarious 4. belligerent 12. inferiority 13. obligation 14. sustenance/sanitation
5. erudite 6. indolent 7. dogmatic 8. affable 9. aloof 15. sustenance/sanitation 16. malnutrition 17. deprivation
10. benevolent 11. capricious 12. eccentric 18. asylum 19. deportation 20. repercussions 21. starvation
22. corruption 23. inequity 24. indigenous 25. destitution
Pg 21
(c) a. x/ii b. ix c. vii/iii d. xi e. vi f. viii g. iii/vii h. iv i. v (B) 1. surrogate 2. oppression 3. metropolis 4. sanitation
j. x/ii k. xii l. i 5. cosmopolitan 6. inequity 7. destitution 8. indigenous
9. sustenance 10. inferiority
Good Qualities and Character Flaws 2
(a) 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. a 10. b Poverty in the Developing World
11. b 12. a 13. b 14. a 15. b 16. b (A) 1. limbo 2. despotic 3. hesitant 4. safeguard
5. ostensibly 6. subservient 7. squalor 8. corruption
(b) 1. steadfastly 2. wilfulness 3. stoicism 4. vociferously 9. devastation 10. underlying 11. unrest 12. disheartening
5. wistfully 6. Scrupulousness 7. sanguinely 8. insolently 13. mortality 14. indigence 15. absolute
9. mendaciousness 10. mercuriality 11. irascibility
12. pensively 13. pernicketiness 14. Recalcitrance Pg 27
15. sanguinely 16. quixotically (B) 1. underlying 2. devastation 3. squalor 4. despotic
5. mortality 6. absolute 7. hesitant 8. corruption
Pg 22 9. subservient 10. safeguard 11. limbo 12. disheartening
Types of People and their Roles 13. indigence 14. ostensibly 15. unrest
(a) A.3 B.11 C.10 D.6 E.5 F.4 G.7 H.8 I.9 J.2 K.1
(C) a. ii b. xi c. i d. x e.iv f. vii g. vi h. viii i. iii j. v k. ix
(b) 1. mediator 2. mentor 3. patriach 4. partisan 5. denizen
6. mercenary 7. luminary 8. subordinate 9. villain (D) 1. financial aid 2. rebel fighters 3. witch doctor 4. religious
10. proponent 11. protagonist 12. aristocrat zealot 5. refugee camp 6. regime change 7. debt relief
8. Racial tension 9. war crime 10. physical infrastructure
Ugly characteristics 11. culture clash
(a) A. 1 B. 5 C. 9 D. 2 E. 7 F. 6 G. 3 H. 4 I. 8

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 UNIT 7 1. going-broke/called 2. called/broke 3. chatting/ask
4. brushed 5. went 6. did 7. stood 8. breaking/call 9. fell
Pg 28
Your Hotel 10. fell
(A) 1. a 2. c 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. d 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. b
11. d 12. a Issues affecting School- and College-leavers
(a) a. iii b. i c. v d. ii e. iv f. vii g. vi h. viii
(B) 1. quaint/picturesque 2. chic/trendy 3. subtle/inconspicuous
4. elegant/refined 5. garish/gaudy 6. remote/secluded (b) 1. spiralling out of control 2. prohibitive cost of third level
7. functional/utilitarian 8. immaculate/spotless education 3. burden of debt 4. vetting candidates
9. boisterous/rowdy 10. sombre/subdued 11. cramped/ 5. diminishing value of a college education 6. saddled with debt
cluttered 12. quirky/offbeat 7. let down by the system 8. priced out of the market

Pg 29
Food - Cooking and Eating Pg 35
(A) 1. simmer 2. Drizzle 3. Whisk 4. salivating 5. devoured Life for 20-something-year-olds
6. braised 7. Baste 8. Garnish 9. gorge 10. Marinate 1. balance 2. rat race 3. climate 4. exorbitant 5. commuter
11. Grill 12. Mincing 13. munch belt 6. suburbia 7. brownie points 8. midnight oil 9. toil

(B) 1. scrumptious/delectable 2. bountiful Buying a house

3. delectable/scrumptious 4. tangy 5. satiated 6. putrid 1. revelation 2. proportion 3. deposit 4. bust 5. negative
7. raw 8. starchy 9. soggy 10. rare 11. curdled equity 6. arrears 7. foreclosure 8. repossession 9. plummet
10. Prudence
(C) 1. h 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. g 6. e 7. c 8. f

Pg 30 UNIT 9
(D) 1. beverage 2. assortment 3. accompaniment 4. casserole
5. connoisseur 6. culinary 7. eatery 8. fare 9. fusion Pg 36
10. palate 11. gourmet 12. consistency 13. inedible Three of a Kind: Find the missing word
14. nibble 1. body 2. pain 3. skin 4. eye 5. muscle 6. cells 7. bone

Holidays Medical Abbreviations

(A) a. iii b. i c. xi d. viii e.ii f. x g. ix h. vii i. vi j. iv k. v 1. Emergency Room 2. Accident and Emergency 3. Sexual
Transmitted Disease 4. Intensive Care Unit 5. General
1. gap year 2. ski lodge 3. double occupancy 4. cab fare Practitioner 6. Dead on Arrival 7. Ear, Nose and Throat
5. carry-on luggage 6. departure gate 7. air miles 8. Tuberculosis 9. Post Mortem (autopsy)

Pg 31 Pg 37
(B) 1. fly/travel 2. put 3. disembark/exit 4. took 5. turned Word Association
6. delayed 7. tip 8. stranded/stuck - reopens/clears 9. clear (a) a. xiii b. xii c. i d. ii e. iii f. ix g. viii h. iv i. v j. vi
10. divert k. vii l. xi m. x n. xiv

(C) 1. amenities 2. capacity 3. jaunt 4. junket 5. keepsake (b) 1. Bipolar disorder 2. terminal illness 3. critical condition
6. promenade 7. sabbatical 8. hiatus 9. retreat/recuperation 4. surgical procedure 5. cardiac arrest 6. digestive system
10. itinerary/downtime/hectic 11. regatta 12. diversion 7. general anaesthetic 8. biological clock 9. infectious disease
10. malignant tumour 11. allergic reaction 12. clinical trial
(D) 1. domestic 2. board 3. cut short 4. delay 13. congenital disorder 14. post- operative consultation

(c) Post-operative consultation / malignant tumour / surgical

procedure / general anaesthetic / allergic reaction / biological
UNIT 8 clock
Pg 32
(A) 1. conspicuous 2. breakdown 3. woes 4. chasm 5. crisis Pg 38
6. amok 7. epidemic 8. inept 9. devices 10. obstinate Word Transformation
11. promiscuous 12. material 1. deficiency 2. dependency 3. defective 4. immunity
5. Spinal 6. prescription 7. therapeutic 8. hereditary
Teen issues 9. elective 10. remission 11. morbidly 12. prognosis
(a) 1. academic 2. unrealistic 3. pushy 4. self 5. suicide 13. diagnosis 14. symptomatic 15. impairment
6. virtual 7. social/friendship 8. social/friendship 9. sleep
10. antisocial 11. splendid 12. calorie 13. sedentary Word Association 2
14. morbidly (a) a. xi b. viii c. v/ii d. x/iv e. v/ii f. i g. vii h. iii i. vi
j. x/iv k. ix l. xii
Pg 33
(b) 1. refined 2. ostracised 3. excluded 4. compromising (b) admitted / amputated / probed / administered / discontinued
5. yielding 6. yearn 7. dabbling 8. involving 9. establishing / dressed / analysed / deliver / sedated
10. instilled 11. gratify 12. impart 13. foster 14. resist
15. become Pg 39
Odd One Out
Teen mischief - making (a) 1. b 2. d 3. d 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. d 8. b 9. c 10. a
a. xviii b. xvii c. ii d. iv e. iii/viii f. iii/viii g. vii h. xiv i. xv 11. a 12. b
j. xiii k. ix l. xii m. xi n. vi o. x p. xvi q. v r. i
(b) I. bleeding II. forceps III. fracture IV. brace V. stretcher
1. flunking the class 2. getting up to no good 3. flouting the VI. spot VII. comatose VIII. phlegm IX. diarrhoea
rules 4. playing truant 5. vying for attention X. infectious/contagious XI. lethal XII. doner

Pg 34 Fifty : fifty
Teen Relationships and Relationship Issues 1. outpatient 2. chronic 3. sling 4. seizures 5. prognosis
6. benign 7. dementia
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 UNIT 10 Pg 46
(b) raved / scratched / tackle / delved / missed / promises /
Pg 40
Marketing and Advertising delivers / conveyed / evoking / trivialised / come
(a) a. ii b. v c. i d. iv e. vi f. viii g. iii h. vii i. x j. ix k. xi
(c) 1. nailbiting 2. harrowing 3. enigmatic 4. intoxicating
(b) a. iv b. v c. vi d. iii e. vii f. ii g. ix h. viii i. i j. xiv 5. visceral 6. buoyant 7. unapologetic 8. engaging
k. x l. xiii m. xi n. xii 9. pretentious 10. refreshing

(c) 1. the classifieds 2. the watershed 3. jingle 4. brand (d) 1. refreshing 2. unapologetic 3. harrowing 4. buoyant
recognition 5. Prime time 6. cold calling 7. focus group 5. engaging 6. nailbiting 7. pretentious 8. enigmatic
8. generic advertising 9. negative publicity 10. logo 9. intoxicating 10. visceral
11. subliminal messages 12. slogan
(e) 1. riveting, spellbinding, enthralling, absorbing, enrapturing,
Pg 41 gripping, fascinating, captivating
(d) 1. ratings 2. demographics 3. viewers(hip) 4. penetrating 2. dull, vapid, prosaic, wearisome, insipid, bromidic, pedestrian,
5. subscription 6. merchandise 7. placement lustreless

(e) 1. circulation 2. cash cow 3. target market 4. trade Pg 47

magazine 5. direct mail 6. pitch 7. soundbites 8. market Television, Radio and the Internet
share 9. agency 10. buzzword 11. spread 12. tabloid (a) 1. pay-per-view - cable - hopping 2. wireless - broadband
13. press 14. infomercial/spot - bluetooth 3. server - search engine - firewall 4. social -
broadcast - premiere 5. anti-virus - open-source - upgrade
In the news 6. reality - prime-time - studio
(a) a.ii b.iii c.vi d.iv / v e.vii f.iv / v g.i h.viii i.xi j.ix k.x
(b) terminal / watershed / commercial / infomercials / Terrestrial /
(b) 1. journalistic privilege 2. rolling news 3. editorial bias stock / pickings / netizen
4. terrestrial television
(c) 1. opens 2. presents/poses 3. monitor/control
Pg 42 4. keep/stay 5. willing/prepared 6. rely/depend/count
(c) 1. cut 2. withdraw/issue 3. issued 4. issued 7. protected 8. returned 9. hide/run 10. spreading
5. broke/protecting 6. streamed 7. cut/spoofed 8. caused
9. anchored 10. round 11. went 12. verified 13. chasing
14. launched 15. cross 16. lead 17. made 18. interrupt UNIT 11
Pg 48
Hollywood and the Film Industry The Developing World and Global Warming
(a) a. xi b. x c. i d. ii e. v f. iv g. ix h. viii i. iii j. vi k. vii (a) a. xiv b. i c. vi d. ix e.ii f. iv g. iii h. viii i. vii j. v
k. xi l. x m. xii n. xiii
(b) 1. feature film 2. opening night 3. general release
4. movie premiere 5. release date 6. ensemble cast (b) 1. two-tiered society 2. two-tiered/ society 3. resource-rich
7. leading lady 8. critical reception 9. tour de force countries 4. blood diamonds 5. corrupt administrations 6.
performance 10. red carpet 11. final cut turning a blind eye 7. injection of funds 8. the general populous
9. carbon footprint 10. the greater good 11. point the finger at
Pg 43 12. show some restraint 13. reaped the rewards 14. enjoy the
(c) 1. screen test 2. running time 3. post-production 4. extra fruits 15. environmental protection
5. sequel 6. method 7. typecast 8. anticlimactic
9. mainstream 10. cliffhanger 11. tearjerker 12. swash- (c) 1. tacit approval 2. shady deals
buckler 13. plot 14. adaptation 15. flop 16. chemistry
17. protagonist 18. stock 19. remake 20. screenplay Pg 49
Environmental Issues in the Developing World
(d) 1. cast 2. shortlisted 3. based 4. adapted 5. picked (a) 1. rung 2. scream 3. disregard 4. face 5. habitats
6. inspired 7. stays 6. plains 7. poaching 8. tusks 9. premium 10. limbs
11. trinkets 12. verge 13. lucrative 14. scorn 15. trophy
Pg 44 16. executioner 17. capital 18. trigger
The music industry
(a) 1. xii 2. xiii 3. vi 4. v 5. xiv 6. iii 7. ii 8. i 9. viii (b) 1. pay a premium 2. on the face of it 3. irrevocable harm
10. x 11. vii 12. xi 13. ix 14. iv 4. to the verge of extinction 5. trophy hunter 6. trigger happy
7. judge, jury and executioner 8. scream bloody murder
(b) 1. signed 2. cover 3. mimed 4. gave 5. doing 9. on the bottom rung of the ladder
6. cracked 7. collaborated 8. bringing 9. sales 10. added
11. top 12. lift 13. fill 14. went (c) 1. scorn 2. slain 3. rife 4. delinquents
Pg 50
(c) 1. posthumous 2. supporting 3. demo 4. ballads Environmental Issues in the Developing World 2
5. playlist 6. key/tune 7. range 8. key/tune-flat (a) 1. motivated 2. caught up 3. push … out 4. encroaching
5. diminishing 6. wins out 7. prowling 8. stampeding
Pg 45 9. flattening 10. compel 11. nullify 12. claim
(d) 1. vii 2. iv 3. i 4. viii 5. vi 6. iii 7. v 8. ii 13. compromises 14. contributing 15. expansion 16. ceded

(e) 1. house band 2. supporting act 3. studio album 4. indie

music 5. easy listening 6. booking agent 7. road manager (b) a. i b. ix c. viii d. vii e. ii f. iv g. v h. iii i. vi
8. recording contract
The critics and reviews (c) 1. innate 2. conscience 3. ecosystem 4. cultivation
(a) 1. acclaim 2. hype / abysmal 3. interwoven / compelling 5. swathe 6. Deforestation 7. desertification 8. agrarian
4. Lauded 5. consensus 6. frenetic / suspense / finale 9. arid
7. unparalleled/virtuoso 8. unanimous/amplify
9. groundbreaking/authentic 10. incoherent/ensemble Pg 51
Environmental Issues in the Developing World 3
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. d 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. c
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Abbreviations little 10. surreptitious – discrete, secret 11. tenacious – deter-
1. Non-governmental Organization 2. Carbon Dioxide mined 12. superfluous – unnecessary 13. prudent – careful
3. Methane Gas 4. World Wide Fund (for Nature) and cautious 14. provident – making provision for the future
5. Genetically Modified Food 6. chlorofluorocarbons 15. reciprocal – connected so that one completes the other 16.
scrupulous – having moral integrity 17. reclusive – withdrawn,
Pg 52 very anti-social
Observed Global Climate Change 18. petulant – rude in speech/disrespectful and brazen
1. concurrence 2. registered 3. intensified 4. convince 19. nocturnal – active at night 20. ghastly – awful 21. haughty
5. localised 6. fluctuation 7. observed/registered 8. alarming – overly proud of self 22. intrepid – resolutely fearless
9. onset 10. occurrence 23. noxious – physically harmful 24. nominal – in name or
thought only 25. heterogenous – made up of different parts of
Causes of Climate Change things
(a) 1. absorption 2. emission 3. conducive 4. occurrence
5. inhospitable 6. concentrations 7. deforestation (D) 1. haughty 2. ghastly 3. noxious 4. nominal 5. nocturnal
8. consumption 9. depletion 10. unrelated 11. abundance 6. reciprocal 7. reclusive 8. intrepid 9. sporadic 10. sketchy
12. dependence 13. emergence 14. extraction 15. irre- 11. precipitous 12. volatile 13. ponderous 14. superfluous
versible 15. surreptitious

(b) 1. exacerbating 2. reverse 3. intensification 4. penetrating Pg 59

5. reflected 6. emitted (E) 1. stifle 2. vilified 3. revered 4. postulate 5. pillaged
6. perched 7. pervades 8. endeavour 9. exacerbate
Pg 53 10. extolled 11. disparaging 12. alleviate 13. curtail
Common Collocations to do with Global Warming, the Environ- 14. enchanted 15. grumble 16. instigated 17. lamented
ment and Nature 18. annexed 19. concocted 20. maligned 21. ingratiate
22. chastised 23. elucidated 24. enthralled
(a) a. xiv b. i c. xii d. ix e. ii f. iv g. iii h. viii i. vii j. v
k. xiii l. x m. xi n. vi Pg 60
(F) 1. a person with great ability that shows itself early on in life
(b) a. vii b. i c. xiv d. vi e. iii f. ii g. ix h. x i. xiii j. viii 2. nearness to something 3. basic 4. a novice, someone new
k. xi l. xii m. v n. iv to an activity 5. a lot of angry complaints about something
6. the expression of strong feelings 7. a trace, mark or sign left
(c) a. ii b. iii c. v d. vii e. vi f. xiv g. ix h. x i. xiii j. viii by something which has now disappeared 8. general
k. xi l. i m. xii n. iv agreement, majority of opinion 9. the act of weakening or dam-
aging by harassment, abuse or attack 10. vague, unclear, un-
Pg 54 certain, open to interpretation 11. ill will or bad feeling
The Potential Consequences of Global Warming 12. dishonest talk or behaviour, saying contradictory things to
1. deglaciation/retreat 2. cover/extent 3. frequency different sides 13. a barrier to progress, an obstacle 14. a
4. diversity/vulnerable 5. decimate 6. erosion slight difference in appearance, meaning, or sound etc.
7. inundated/displacement 8. migration/refugees/inhospitable 15. sickness, when you feel ill enough to vomit 16. a right you
have not necessarily afforded to everyone 17. abuse, lack of
Doing our bit for the environment care, failure to carry out your responsibilities 18. exposure to
1. lobbying 2. forming 3. ensuring 4. fitting 5. separating death, loss, threat etc., at risk
6. switching 7. ensuring 8. substituting 9. arranging
10. fitting 11. upgrading 12. exploiting 13. subsidising (G) 1. animosity 2. ambiguous 3. attrition 4. jeopardy
14. providing 15. protecting 16. prosecuting 17. enacting 5. consensus 6. prerogative 7. impediment 8. neglect
18. investing 19. adhering 20. sponsoring 21. releasing 9. rudimentary 10. nuances 11. Nausea 12. tyro 13. vestige
14. prodigy 15. proximity 16. uproar 17. duplicity
18. vehemence
Pg 55
The Natural World Pg 61
a. cull b. run c. stock d. prey e. ban f. adverse g. tropics (H) 1. rigorous 2. rancorous 3. tremorous 4. vigilant 5. vain
h. conservation i. resurgent j. identity k. gestation l. heat 6. gluttonous 7. hypocritical 8. philanthropic 9. diligent
m. solitary n. breach o. apex p. alpha q. Placental 10. aromatic 11. deferential 12. comprehensive 13. meddlesome
r. indigenous s. predation t. status u. eradication v. nesting 14. self-effacing 15. officious / official 16. indulgent
w. sheds x. insulation y. range z. territory a1. stray b1. feral 17. reverential 18. vindictive

(I) 1. vindictive 2. official 3. reverential 4. meddlesome

UNIT 12
5. aromatic 6. deferential 7. vain 8. gluttonous 9. rigorous
10. diligent 11. self-effacing 12. indulgent 13. comprehensive
Pg 56 14. philanthropic 15. vigilant 16. tremorous 17. rancorous
(A) 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.d 7.d 8.b 9.b 10.a 18. hypocritical
11.a 12.a 13.a 14.d 15.b 16.c 17.a 18.c 19.c 20.c
Pg 62
Pg 57 (J) 1. a 2. c 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. a 9. d 10. a
(B) 1. quashed 2. quench 3. replenish 4. reproached 11. d 12. d 13. a 14. b 15. a 16. c 17. a 18. c 19. c
5. reverberated 6. revered 7. salvaged 8. scattered 20. a 21. b 22. c 23. d 24. d 25. c
9. shattered 10. shunned 11. squandered 12. prevailed
13. proliferated 14. vindicated 15. strive 16. subjugated Pg 63
(K) 1. quibble 2. throwback 3. gaffe 4. puissance
5. penchant / predilection 6. propensity 7. aberration 8. pen-
Pg 58 chant / predilection
(C) 1. ponderous – slow and awkward, boring 2. precipitous –
steep 3. presumptuous – disrespectful and brazen/ rude in (L) 1. quintessential 2. cumbersome 3. feckless 4. fallible
speech or behaviour 4. treacherous – extremely dangerous 5. indecorous 6. pedantic
5. tentative – careful, uncertain of being completed 6. volatile –
dangerously unpredictable, infrequent 7. sketchy – containing
few details, vague 8. sporadic – occasional 9. taciturn – saying
5