DEC

50113
COMPUTER SYSTEM
DIAGNOSIS
AND MAINTENANCE
1 MSZ
 Computer System Diagnosis and
2 Maintenance

Chapter 1_1
PERSONAL COMPUTER
COMPONENTS
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 3 Storage Devices

Storage Devices

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 4 Storage Devices

Storage Devices
 Device to store data permanent / not

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Storage Devices
 Floppy disk drive
 hard disk drive
 CD / DVD / RW
 Removable storage
 External CD-RW
 hard drive
 Thumb drive, flash and SD cards

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Hard Disk Drive

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Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

 data storage device that stores data on a
magnetic surface layered onto hard disk
platters
 Range of capacity 40Gb to 4 Tb

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Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

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Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

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What Sector
is Hard Disk Drive?Read/Write Head
When formatting the hard drive, the These read/write heads move in
computer divides the disk into radial unison across the surfaces of the
sections called sectors. platters. The heads write data to the
platters by aligning magnetic
particles on the surface and read data
Head Actuator by detecting the polarity of the
This component moves the particles.
collection of read/write heads across
the surface of the platters with
extreme accuracy. It aligns the heads
with the tracks that lie in concentric
circles
on the platters.

Track
Circular and concentric paths
the read/write heads follow
when reading information from
the disk.

Sealed Metal Housing

The housing protects the internal Drive Spindle
components from dust particles that could The drive spindle is connected to a motor
block the gap between the read/write heads which spins one or more magnetically
and the platters, causing the hard drive to coated platters at several thousand MSZ
crash. revolutions per minute. More platters mean
greater disk storage capacity.
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HDD Form Factors

2

5 3

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How HDD Works?

Actua Spindle
Platters or
tor
Spindle Motor disks

Read/write
head

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Comparison HDD Head Size

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How Disk Space Organized?

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Locating a Block of Data

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HDD Speed (RPM)

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HDD Speed (RPM)

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HDD Speed (RPM)

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10,000 RPM
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HDD Speed (RPM)

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Types of HDD
 ESDI (Enhanced Small Disk Interface) was an
interface developed by Maxtor to allow faster
communication between the PC and the
disk.
 SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) was
an early competitor with ESDI, originally
named SASI for Shugart Associates.
 ATA / IDE and EIDE (Advanced Technology
Attachment, also known as Enhanced
Integrated Drive Electronics)
 SATA (Serial ATA)

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HDD Interface Connection

IDE

A regular flat ribbon 40- The primary and the

pins/wires IDE cable with secondary IDE
3 connectors, also connector on the
referred to as an IDE-33 mainboard
cable.
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HDD Interface Connection

SATA

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Solid State Drive (SSD)

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Solid State Drive (SSD)

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Solid State Drive (SSD)

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•
Hybrid hard drives
blend HDD capacity with SSD speeds
• placing traditional rotating platters and a
small amount of high-speed flash memory on
a single drive.
• monitor the data being read from the hard
drive, and cache the most frequently
accessed bits to the high-speed NAND flash
memory.
• The data stored on the NAND will change over
time, but once the most frequently accessed
bits of data are stored on the flash memory,
they will be served from the flash, resulting in
SSD-like performance for your most-used files.
• advantages is cost, capacity, and
manageability.
• Hybrid drives tend to cost slightly more than
traditional hard drives, but far less than solid-
state drives.
• The hybrid storage volume can be as big as
the hard drive being used, and can serve as a
standard hard drive. Boot times also see some
improvement. MSZ

http://www.pcworld.com/article/2025402/ssds-vs-hard-drives-vs-hybrids-which-storage-tech-is-right-for-you-.html
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http://static.betazeta.com/www.fayerwayer.com/up/2010/05/hybrid_hard_drives.gif
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http://thefutureofthings.com/upload/image/articles/2006/samsungs-hybrid-hard-drive-exposed/hybrid-drive-benefits-diagr.jpg
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Performance

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http://www.pcworld.com/article/2012223/hybrid-hard-drives-how-they-work-and-why-they-matter.html
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On Market

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On Market

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Wireless Portable HDD

•Wirelessly stream media and files
to tablets, smartphones, Mac
computers and PCs
•Carry many films or thousands of
songs, photos and documents
•Free Seagate media app for iPad,
iPhone, Kindle Fire and Android
devices
•Share up to different HD films with
3 devices at the same time
•Up to 10 hours of battery life

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Optical Storage Devices

 CD / CD-R / CD-RW
 DVD / DVD-R / DVD-RW
 HD DVD
 Blue-Ray

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CD / CD-R / CD-RW
650-700 MB

30 - 100 MB
155-210 MB

CD Business Card
78x60cm
MINI CD 8cm Standard CD 12cm MSZ
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CD/-R/-RW SPECIFICATION

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CD / CD-R / CD-RW
 Compact Disc Read-Only Memory Used for data
storage and data transfer. A standard 120mm CD-
ROM holds 650 or 700 Mb of data
 CD-RW recorder can rewrite 700 MB of data to a
CD-RW disc roughly 1000 times.
 CD-RW recorders can also write CD-R discs. Except
for the ability to completely erase a disc, CD-RWs
act very much like CD-Rs.
 CD-RWs cannot be read in CD-ROM drives built
prior to 1997.
 CD-R is considered a better technology for
archival purposes as disc contents cannot be
modified.
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Compact Disk

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What is a CD-ROMs
 Compact disc that uses
same laser technology as
audio CDs for recording
music
 Cannot erase or modify
contents
 Typical CD-ROM holds
about 650 MB
 Commonly used to
distribute software and
games

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CD-R and CD-RW

 Compact disc onto which you can record text,
graphics, and audio
 Write on CD-R using CD burner (recorder) or CD-R
drive and special software
 CD-R drive can read and write both audio CDs and
standard CD-ROMs
 Cannot erase disc’s contents

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CD-R and CD-RW

 Erasable disc you can write on
multiple times
 Must have a CD-RW disc,
CD-RW software,
and CD-RW drive

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CD-ROM
 Data physically
embedded into disc
surface
 Surface laid out as
one continuous
spiral of sectors of
equal length that
hold equal amounts
of data in pits and
lands
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CD-ROM
 Read-only
 Slower to access than hard drives
 Used to distribute software and sound files
 Combines constant linear velocity (CLV)
and constant angular velocity (CAV)
 Look for multisession feature

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CD-ROM Drive Manufacturers

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CD-ROMs
 Caring for CD-ROM drives and discs
 Use precautions when handling
 CD-ROM drive interface with
motherboard
 IDE interface (most common)
 SCSI interface with SCSI host adapter
 Proprietary expansion card that works only with
CD-ROMs from a particular manufacturer
 Proprietary connection on sound card
 Portable drive; plug into external port on PC
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CD-Read Only Memory Drive

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Installing a CD-ROM Drive

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Data transfer rate CD-ROM drive

Each "X" number means the speed for that format is X times
150Kbps for CDs , X times 11.08Mbps for DVDs and X times
36.0Mbps for Blu-Ray .
40X
40 X 150 KB per second =
6,000 KB per second or 6 MB per second
75X
75 X 150 KB per second =
11,250 KB per second or 12.25 MB per second
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CD-RW Speed
 CD-RW drives have three speeds that are
designated with three numbers or
sometimes three "X" numbers; for
example, 40/12/48 or 40x/12x/48x." The
numbers are write/rewrite/read speeds.
 First X / Second X / Third X
CD-R write / CD-RW write / CD-ROM read

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Part of CD-ROM Drive

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DVD / DVD-R / DVD-RW

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DVD / DVD-R / DVD-RW

 DigitalVersatile Disc or Digital Video Disc
is an optical disc storage media for data
storage, including movies with high quality
video and sound.
 DVDs resemble compact discs as their
physical dimensions are the same but
they are encoded in a different format
and at a much higher density allowing for
a greater data capacity of about 4.7 GB
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DVD-ROMs
 High capacity compact disc capable of storing
from 4.7 GB to 17 GB
 Must have DVD-ROM drive or DVD player to read
DVD-ROM
 Primarily used for movies
 Next-generation software will be delivered on
DVD

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DVD-ROMs Storage Capacity

 Two layers of pits are used, where lower layer is
semitransparent
 Laser can read through it to upper layer
 DVD+RW is a rewritable DVD

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DVD-ROMs Storage Capacity

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DVD-ROMs Storage Capacity

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Types of DVD

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Size of data on OpticalUDODisk

(Ultra Density Optical)

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Size of data on Optical Disk

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Size of data on Optical Disk

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CD&DVD Drive - IDE Connection

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Installing a DVD Drive

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Optical Disk
Review

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Optical Drive Dimension

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HD DVD / Blu-Ray Disk

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HD DVD

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http://media.teamxbox.com/dailyposts/hd-dvd/three_hddvds.jpg
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The Difference Blu-ray & DVD

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HD DVD / Blu-Ray Disk

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The Difference DVD & HD DVD

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DVD Regions Code

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Thumb drive, flash and SD

cards
 small, lightweight, removable and
rewritable data storage devices.
 Some recent USB flash drives act as two
drives - as a removable disk device , and
as a USB floppy drive.
 This is likely intended to make it easier to
use them as a bootable device.

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Memory Cards/Stick
 introduced in 1998. There are a few
different Memory Stick formats:
 The maximum transfer rate is 2.54MBps,
with a maximum clock frequency of
40MHz.
 Memory Stick requires a power supply
voltage of 2.7v to 3.6 volts.
 Memory size up to 32GB

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SD Card,

MMC Card,

SD Card
micro

Pin terminal
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Memory Cards/Stick

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SD Memory
Card
Types : SD, SDHC, SDXC,
Class : 2, 4, 6, 10, UHS
Form Factor : SD, MiniSD,
MicroSD.

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Capacity (SD/SDHC/SDXC)

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https://www.sdcard.org/
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https://www.sdcard.org/
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SD Min/Max. Write Speed

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https://www.sdcard.org/
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https://www.sdcard.org/
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Speed Vs Capacity

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http://www.toshibadata.com.sg/
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https://www.sdcard.org/
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https://www.sdcard.org/
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https://www.sdcard.org/
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https://www.sdcard.org/
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https://www.sdcard.org/
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https://www.sdcard.org/
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https://www.sdcard.org/
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