Respiration 2 QP

(ii) a source of nitrogen
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.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) the air lock.
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.......................................................................................................................................[2]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(d) Fig. 4.2 shows the change in the yeast population and in the alcohol content in the student’s
fermenter.
7 7
× × × ×
6 × 6
×
yeast 5 × 5 alcohol
yeast
population × concentration
/ g dm–3 4 × 4 / g dm–3
×
3 × × × × × 3
× ×
2 × × 2
alcohol
× ×
1× × 1
× ×
×
×
0× 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
time / hours
Fig. 4.2
(i) Describe the changes in the population of yeast.
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.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii) Explain the changes you have described.
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.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(e) Name two industrial processes that rely on anaerobic respiration of yeast.
1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 17]
2 (a Fig. 1.1 shows the human head, neck and thorax.
J B
H
C
G D
E
Fig. 1.1
Complete Table 1.1 by writing one letter from Fig. 1.1 to identify the named structures.
The first one has been done for you.
Table 1.1
structure letter from Fig. 1.1
left lung D
bronchus
diaphragm
intercostal muscle
rib
trachea
[5]
(b) In an investigation, a student breathed in and out of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.2.
Valve X opens to allow atmospheric air in while valve Y is closed.
When the student breathes out, valve X is closed and valve Y opens to allow breathed
out air into the bag.
atmospheric
air
valve X
valve Y
air breathed out
bag for collection

of breathed out air
breathed out air
Fig. 1.2
The student breathed in and out four times. The bag was sealed and the volume of air
inside the bag was measured.
A sample of air from the bag was analysed for the percentage composition of oxygen,
carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
The student then did some vigorous exercise for five minutes. After the exercise, the
student repeated the procedure.
The results of the investigation are shown in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2
sample of breathed out air
before exercise after exercise
total volume of air collected in bag / cm3 2 000

00 15000
mean volume of air per breath / cm3 500
percentage of oxygen / % 17.2 15.3
percentage of carbon dioxide / % 3.6 5.5
percentage of nitrogen / % 74.9 74.7
(i) Calculate the mean volume of air per breath after exercise.
Write your answer in Table 1.2.
Show your working.
[1]
(ii) Suggest one way, not shown in Table 1.2, in which the student’s breathing
changed after exercise.
[1]
(iii) The figures in Table 1.2 for the percentage composition of air in each sample do
not add up to 100 %.
Name one other gas that would be present in both samples of air.
[1]
(iv) The results for oxygen and carbon dioxide in the samples of breathed out air taken
before and after exercise are different.
Describe and explain these differences.
[3]
[Total: 11]
3 (a Yeast cells and human muscle cells can carry out both aerobic and anaerobic
respiration.
Complete Table 4.1 by writing the end products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in
these two types of cell.
Table 4.1
end products of respiration

cell
aerobic
erobic an
………………….………….... ………………….…………....
yeast + +
………………….………….... ………………….…………....
………………….…………....
human muscle
+ ……………………………..
cell
………………….…………....
[4]
(b) During exercise there are changes to:
• breathing rate;
• ventilation rate;
• oxygen absorption;
• heart rate;
• blood pressure.
The effect of strenuous exercise is shown in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2
Explain why the changes shown in Table 4.2 occur during exercise.
[5]
[Total: 9]
4 Niusila Opeloge from Samoa holds a Commonwealth Games record for weightlifting. He
can lift 338 kg. Weightlifting is an example of an anaerobic sport as muscles act over a
short period of time.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle.
………………………….. ………………………….. [2]

Weightlifting involves contraction of the muscles of the arms.
Fig. 4.1 shows the muscles that move the forearm.
scapula
humerus
biceps
radius
triceps
ulna
elbow joint
Fig. 4.1
(b) Describe how the muscles identified in Fig. 4.1 work to move the forearm up.
[2]
Exercise that occurs over a longer period of time than weightlifting often involves aerobic
respiration as well as anaerobic respiration.
Fig. 4.2 shows the oxygen consumed by an athlete during and after a 5000 metre race.
3.0
2.0
oxygen
consumption
/ dm3 min–1
1.0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
race starts race ends
time / min
Fig. 4.2
(c) Describe the athlete’s oxygen consumption during and after the race as shown in
Fig. 4.2.
You will gain credit for using the figures in the graph to support your answer.
during
after
[4]
(d) Explain why the oxygen consumption does not return immediately to the resting level
after the exercise is finished.
[5]
[Total: 13]

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(ii) a source of nitrogen

(iii) the air lock.

(i) Describe the changes in the population of yeast.

(ii) Explain the changes you have described.

The first one has been done for you.

structure letter from Fig. 1.1

Valve X opens to allow atmospheric air in while valve Y is closed.

bag for collection

breathed out air

The results of the investigation are shown in Table 1.2.

sample of breathed out air

before exercise after exercise

total volume of air collected in bag / cm3 2 000

mean volume of air per breath / cm3 500

percentage of oxygen / % 17.2 15.3

percentage of carbon dioxide / % 3.6 5.5

percentage of nitrogen / % 74.9 74.7

Write your answer in Table 1.2.

Show your working.

Describe and explain these differences.

end products of respiration

(b) During exercise there are changes to:

The effect of strenuous exercise is shown in Table 4.2.

………………………….. ………………………….. [2]

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