JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 06, 2020

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF REGENERATIVE

BRAKING SYSTEM OF ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE
1
R. Vignesh, 2Mr. S.R. Benin
1,2
Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai.
1
vigneshranga21@gmail.com, 2beninsr@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: In this paper, it is one of the best methods of braking system in electric vehicle which is
proposed. The regenerative braking is used to drive the vehicle with more efficient and in effective way. The
regenerative braking plays a vital part to maintain the vehicle’s strength and getting better energy. Electric ATV
vehicles use mechanical brake to increase the roughness of wheel for the deceleration purpose. From the point
of view of saving energy, mechanical brake increases out much energy while the EV’s kinetic energy is renewed
into the thermal one. The braking system for a vehicle is based on hydraulic braking technology. Thus, this
traditional braking methodology causes a lot of wastage of energy since it produces unwanted heat during
braking. The process of Regenerative braking system is the useful method and rise above the disadvantages. The
main purpose is that has been concentrate on the released heat energy from brakes which is regenerated into
energy is usable are discussed.

KEYWORDS: Electric Vehicle, Motor, Regenerative Braking, Generator, ATV

I. INTRODUCTION
The car scientists have created slowing mechanism by including the trend setting innovations. The essential
significance of vehicle security and agreeable. From the eighteenth century, finishing onwards stopping
mechanism creating begins and perseveres through present day. Various kinds of slowing mechanisms used to
various cars throughout the hundreds of years grasp. As the past of brakes advanced, each creative framework
was produced by methods for the impressions scrounge deal to extend its model. It doesn't take a scientific
genius to realize that it takes a ton of vitality to get a vehicle assemble energy. Notwithstanding, what befalls all
that vitality when you step on the brake? All things considered, for most regular vehicles, most of the active
vitality changed over during grating breaking, between the brake cushions and wheels, into the type of warmth.
Warmth generally gets transmitted unused into the earth as waste, however not in case you're driving a cross
breed or electrical vehicle, which can utilize the electric engine to recover in any event a segment of the motor
vitality for reuse. All that dynamic vitality that would have been lost generally, can mostly be returned right to
the battery utilizing regenerative stopping mechanism. The procedure of recuperation of motor vitality during
breaking and its stockpiling called regenerative braking. While decelerating and breaking, the vehicles
movement drives the electric engine, which changes itself to a generator mode. The wheels move the motor
vitality by means of the drive train to the generator. Through its pivot, the generator changes over a segment of
the motor vitality into electrical vitality. The power created is put away in a high voltage battery. The generative
braking torque of the electric engine, which is the after effect of vitality age, decelerates the vehicle. The force
transmission framework coordinates the vitality regularly scattered in the brakes to the vitality put away during
deceleration. The equivalent changed over go into active vitality to quicken the vehicle.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

This Project can help to increase the efficiency and performance of vehicles through braking. This requires a
Regenerative Braking System (RBS). This system gets the kinetic energy of the vehicle from the wheels and
converts it into useful energy. This is done by the motor converting the kinetic energy into electricity. This
energy is boosted and stored into the battery. Again, when accelerator is pressed this energy is re-used to
provide acceleration to the vehicle. Further this mechanism reduces the tear on the friction brakes making it long
lasting.
The literature search focused mainly on topics related to electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV)
and fuel cell powered hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEV). We reviewed the books related to simulation, critical
analysis, and empirical research in detail using available software. In addition, a system based on alternative
energy sources has been attempted to some extent. However, more emphasis is placed on literature related to
fuel savings objectives rather than on environmental savings on global warming and studies undertaken to
reduce the components of harmful emissions. The most important documents to mention here, this paper details
the requirements and potential benefits of infrastructure development, challenges and opportunities for the
design and deployment of emerging infrastructures associated with plug- in electric vehicles (PEVs). From
battery manufacturing to communication and control between the vehicle and the grid, the authors have been
able to maximize the benefits of the opportunity to reduce fuel consumption, which is crucial to providing safe,

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clean electricity In this paper the potential need for the design and development of a globally competitive
compact electric concept vehicle for India and concluded that EVs are the best solution to reduce urban
pollution and a significant social and economic benefit and will result in the implementation of EVs and HEVs.
The report also describes the role of governments and communities around the world in promoting and
accelerating EV program

III. IMPORTANCE OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM

With an increased demand for less consuming and less polluting vehicles, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles
have gained popularity. These vehicle types assure reduced operating costs and are also known as green
vehicles. However, even though vehicular control technology and integrative technology have been developed
intensively, the limitation of driving mileage for electric drives is still an obstacle that has to be remediated. In
urban driving, about one third to one half of the entire energy necessary to operate the vehicle is used for
braking. Studies have presented that fuel economy for hybrid vehicles could be enhanced up to about 30% with
regenerative braking. For fully electric vehicles on the other hand, an enlarged driving range of 8-26% could be
expected if such a system was implemented. In which discusses regenerative braking technologies for heavy
goods vehicles, a comparison of various fuel reduction measures is depicted.

IV. FIELDS OF APPLICATION

 The important application areas that regenerative braking system could be used for fields of
transportation and cyclic working motions.
 Used in electrified railways and also using electric motor as a generator for braking which is used to
save the waste heat and converts into energy which stores in the battery.
 Regenerative braking systems are for transportation purposes have emerged in electrified trains and
spread eventually to electric vehicles. For vehicles driven by an ICE, further equipment is necessary,
leading to hybrid propulsion systems.
In this paper we are using Regenerative braking system for All-Terrain vehicle which is driven by using
batteries and this project is used in Agricultural purpose

V. COMPONENTS OF A REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM

In every vehicle while using Regenerative braking system, it consists of an actuator and an energy storage
device, respectively. And also found that controlling unit is also part of the Regenerative braking system. In
electric vehicles, the actuator is an electric machine which is also known as Motor or Generator and the
obtained energy stored in the battery which is power source of the vehicle. While using this type of braking
system, the common actuators are electric machines, hydraulic pump-motors, CVTs (continuously variable
transmissions) and air-powered motors. And also, energy storage devices are Batteries, ultracapacitors,
flywheels and metal accumulators. In this Regenerative braking system, there is a braking controller which
establishes the connection between actuator and energy storage device. And also, it controls the overall process of
actuator, monitoring wheel -speed, calculating braking torque and transferring the generated electricity into
energy storage device during braking. The braking controller receives information from the driver which it
obtains through the pedal position and translates it to actual machine prompts.

VI. SERIAL REGENERATIVE BRAKING

Serial regenerative braking is based on a combination of friction-based adjustable braking system with a
regenerative braking system that transfers energy to the electric motors and batteries under an integrated
control strategy. The overall design is to estimate the deceleration required by the driver and distribute the
required braking force between the regenerative braking system and the mechanical braking system. Serial
regenerative braking could give an increase of 15-30% in fuel efficiency. It requires a brake-by-wire system
and has more consistent pedal felt due to good torque blending capability.

VII. DESIGN OF BRAKING GEAR SETUP

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VIII. WORKING PRINCIPLE

At the point when voltage is applied to the information shaft, wheel begins turning clockwise way. This
clockwise movement is additionally moved to the second shaft through the planning pulley and henceforth the
sprocket to the pole 3. We are utilizing Timing pulley since its effectiveness is 99.99% subsequently, the
grating misfortunes are ignored. Movement which is transmitted to the sprocket shaft is conveyed to the third
shaft from which flywheel is associated. The Motion of the pole is transmitted to the flywheel and it is
associated with 1:1 apparatus proportion gear with the dynamo. The dynamo is utilized to change over the
rotational vitality to the mechanical vitality. Fundamentally, its work is to store the vitality. At the point when
we apply the brake, the engine keeps on working yet the wheel gets halted and hence the sprocket shaft
additionally gets halted however the flywheel continues pivoting which stores the waste vitality of the wheel
lost because of grating or warmth to the environment

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IX. Energy Calculation

Table I: Energy Calculation

Serial number Speed (rpm) Volt (V) Ammeter (mA) energy covered P=V×I (W)
1 50 6.6 11.28 0.0767
2 100 7.1 19.6 0.1352

X. CONCLUSION
Hypothetical examinations of a regenerative stopping mechanism appear about 15% sparing in fuel utilization.
The lower working and condition expenses of a vehicle with regenerative stopping mechanism should make it
more appealing than an ordinary one. The customary expense of the framework could be recouped in the couple
of years as it were. The fumes discharge of vehicle utilizing the regenerative braking idea would be substantially
less than proportional regular vehicles as less fuel are utilized for utilization. These frameworks are especially
appropriate in creating nations, for example, India where transports are the favoured methods for transportation
inside the urban communities. From the above chart plainly with more speed of vehicle the RBS spares more
vitality while with brings down the speed RBS spares vitality however less contrasted with the more speed. At
100 rpm we got 0.1352 Watt and at 50 rpm we got 0.0767-Watt power with no heap contemplations while at
100 rpm we got 0.0532 Watt and at 50 rpm we got 0.0402 Watt with load thought.

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