Onahon (TLE - 2k Report)

ELIZABETH B.
ONAHON TLE – 2K
BEED – IV
ELEMENTS TO BE OBSERVED IN PLANTING TREES AND FRUIT TREES.
A. Proper Care of Plants and Soil

1. Choose the best place for planting.
Choose a place where trees will grow freely without obstruction like street fences
or walls. Have enough space allowance between trees, or between the streets, fences, or
walls. Consider the type of soil and the amount of sunlight.
2. Choose the seeds that best suit the season and the soil.
This means that the seeds come from a good quality mother and the seeds are
healthy, mature, with no blemishes or cuts, and of right size and form.
Seeds must be prepared before planting. Planting should be done preferably
during the rainy season. The soil must be suited to the type of seeds to be planted.
3. Put sufficient fertilizers in the soil.
It is advisable to prepare the soil before planting. This means cleaning the soil
and its surrounding area and mixing the soil with organic fertilizers.
Organic fertilizers are safe and economical to use, while inorganic or commercial
fertilizers have to be regulated because overuse can poison the soil.
Remember, plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to grow and to make them
resistant to pests and diseases.
4. Take care of the soil and the plants regularly.
Caring for the young trees means removing the grass and weeds around them so
they do not compete in getting the nutrients from the soil.
Keep the soil always moist and this is no problem during rainy season.
However, during the dry months, there is a need to water them regularly.
Watering is done during sunrise or after sunset to keep the evaporation of water from the
soil slow. Make a ring of cultivation around the young tree with the size matching the
circumference of the crown of the tree.
The soil in this ring is loose and slightly hilling up. In case of pests or insects
infestation, do this by building a fire and allowing the smoke to penetrate the foliage. Use
the appropriate pesticide or fungicide to control plant disease.
Consult an expert on this. Likewise, prune the young tree by cutting off infected
or unproductive branches. Do not leave excess branches on the trunk to avoid infection
which occurs when the cut has not healed.
B. Methods of Planting
Different trees are cultivated indifferent ways. There are two ways of planting: DIRECT
and INDIRECT.
DIRECT PLANTING is a method of planting where the seeds or parts of a plant are
directly planted in the soil where it will germinate and grow into full-grown trees.
INDIRECT PLANTING, the plant needs to be transferred to its permanent place. This is
commonly done with trees.
• The use of high quality seeds results in high productivity.
• High quality seeds have a high percentage of germination and correct moisture
content and are free from seed pests, diseases, and other physical impurities.
• They should come from a tree with uniform height and heading, a
characteristics known as varietal purity.
To maintain high quality seeds, the following steps are recommended:
1. Remove off-type, diseased, and damaged seeds.

2. Label seeds properly.
3. Select and preserve only mature seeds and dry them under the sun until proper
moisture is attained.
C. Preparing Seeds For Planting
There are different ways of preparing seeds.
• One way is by placing the seeds under the sun before planting. One example of
this is the ipil-ipil tree.
• Some seeds like the mango have to be removed from their hard shells before
panting.
• Seeds like santol need to be dried before planted in the soil.
• There are also seeds that need to be soaked in water before planting, like the
seeds of ipil-ipil.
• Seeds of avocado are planted as is with the bigger end of the seed below the soil
surface.
D. Seed Germination
• Seeds need moisture, warmth, oxygen, and in some instances, sunlight in order
to germinate.
• Small seeds are sown in a seed box before setting them out in the field.
• Seeds can also be germinated in small plastic trays, pots, and other relatively
small containers filled with soil medium recommended for seed propagation.
• The bottom of the seed boxes should have tiny holes to allow drainage.
• Before the seed is sown, the soil should be moistened with fine spray of water
until the soil has absorbed enough moisture
• Make rows with pointed sticks. These rows should be twice as deep as the size
of the seeds.
• Sow the seeds evenly in rows and cover them with loose soil then press the soil
gently.
• If you will plant trees, the space should be 10 meters in distance depending on
the size of the tree.
• The seed box should be kept in a shady place until the seeds have sprouted. It
should be protected from pests, animals, and adverse weather.
• Cover the seed box with a sheet of paper to keep it from drying out too fast
during dry season.
• When the seeds have sprouted, make sure they get enough sunlight for proper
growth.
E. Preparation of Seedlings Before Transplanting
Mortality is high during transplanting if the seedlings are not given proper care.
To ensure a higher rate of survival, the following processes are needed:
1. Thinning
2. Pricking
3. Hardening
1. Thinning
There are times when more seeds are sown than necessary. To produce strong
plants, pull out some crowded seedlings so that the remaining plants will have more
room. Thinning accelerates the circulation of air and provides a greater feeding area
for seedlings to make them sturdier and healthier.
2. Pricking
This is done by transferring seedlings from one seed box to another to provide more
space for proper development. Water the seedlings before pricking.
3. Hardening
This process is done 7 to 15 days before transplanting. The purpose is to make the
tissue of the plants harder in order to survive the rigors of transplanting. The water
intake of the plant is gradually decreased and the seedling is exposed to sunlight for
longer period of time.
F. Indirect Planting
In indirect planting, the plant needs to be transferred to its permanent place. This
is commonly done with trees.
Nowadays, you can avail seedlings planted in small plastic bags, ready for transfer.
Follow the general steps in the proper transferring of plants.
1. Place the seedlings away from direct sunlight. Make sure the seedlings are healthy
and fresh before planting.
2. Dig the area where you want to plant them. The length and depth of the hole should
be according to how big the tree will become. Leave two inches allowance in the
length and depth of the holes to allow the new roots to breath.
3. Remove the plant from the plastic bag. Do not remove the soil which holds the roots.
4. Slowly and carefully place the seedlings in the hole. Make sure the main roots are not
bent.
5. Cover it with soil. Lightly press the soil.
6. Water the new plant early the next morning. Use a water sprinkler. It is important to
water the soil that surrounds the plant.
7. Remember: plant your seedlings in the afternoon when sunlight is no longer hot to
avoid withering.
Answer the following:
1. DIRECT PLANTING - A method of planting where the seeds or parts of a plant are directly
planted in the soil.
2. THINNING - It accelerates the circulation of air and provides a greater feeding area for seedlings
to make them sturdier and healthier.
3. HARDENING- Its purpose is to make the tissue of the plants harder in order to survive the rigors
of transplanting.
4. PRICKING- This is done by transferring seedlings from one seed box to another to provide more
space for proper development.
5. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS- It is a type of fertilizer that is safe and economical.
Essay:
Why do we need to consider the type of soil in planting trees?

Choose a place where trees will grow freely without obstruction like street fences
or walls. Have enough space allowance between trees, or between the streets, fences, or
walls. Consider the type of soil and the amount of sunlight.
Choose the seeds that best suit the season and the soil.
This means that the seeds come from a good quality mother and the seeds are
healthy, mature, with no blemishes or cuts, and of right size and form.
Seeds must be prepared before planting. Planting should be done preferably
during the rainy season. The soil must be suited to the type of seeds to be planted.

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ELIZABETH B.

ELEMENTS TO BE OBSERVED IN PLANTING TREES AND FRUIT TREES.

A. Proper Care of Plants and Soil

characteristics known as varietal purity.

To maintain high quality seeds, the following steps are recommended:

1. Remove off-type, diseased, and damaged seeds.

Answer the following:

Why do we need to consider the type of soil in planting trees?

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