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Advanced Database Systems: Lecture # 1 Core Concepts and Outlines

The document provides an overview of database concepts and the process of developing a database application. It defines key terms like database, DBMS, data, structured vs unstructured data, and metadata. It also describes the components of a database application, including the database, DBMS, application program, database server, and end users. The document outlines the steps in database application development, from conceptual design to logical design to physical implementation and administration.

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Visual Tech
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
287 views

Advanced Database Systems: Lecture # 1 Core Concepts and Outlines

The document provides an overview of database concepts and the process of developing a database application. It defines key terms like database, DBMS, data, structured vs unstructured data, and metadata. It also describes the components of a database application, including the database, DBMS, application program, database server, and end users. The document outlines the steps in database application development, from conceptual design to logical design to physical implementation and administration.

Uploaded by

Visual Tech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In the name of Allah, the most beneficent, the most merciful

Advanced Database
Systems
Lecture # 1
Core concepts and outlines

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Course objectives
How to develop database applications

Database application:
A computer program whose primary purpose is entering and retrieving
information from a computerized database.
● Create and maintain a computerized database
● Allows end-users to enter, update, and read data from the database
Major components of database application:
● Database, DBMS, Application program, Database server, Client, End-
user (details on the next slide)
Instructor: Furqan Shahid
Components of database application
Database: Collection of end-user’s data

DBMS: Software used to create and maintain database on computer

Application program: Software that provides interfaces to end-users to view and


manipulate (insert, update etc.) data of the database

Database server: Computer system in which database and DBMS exists

Client: Computer system in which application program exists

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Components of database application

Application program

End-user Developer/Administrator

Repository DBMS Database


(Meta-data)

Figure-1: Major components of database application Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Data
Data
● Facts about persons, things or events etc. existing in the user’s environment
● User (also known as end-user) is the person for whom a software is designed for
● Data can be structured or unstructured (details on next slide)
Examples:
● Facts about employee, like, first-name, last-name, contact, date-of-birth etc.
● Facts about product, like, product-code, title, price etc.
● Facts about online-class, like, start-time, end-time, topics-covered etc.

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Structured vs. unstructured data
Most common structured data is numeric, character (string), or date-time

Examples of unstructured data include, pictures, sounds, videos etc.

Unstructured data also known as multimedia data

Structured data are stored in the form of tables

Multimedia databases allow both structured and unstructured data

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Meta-data
Meta-data: Data that describes user’s data (or) Data about data

Example: Employee:
First-name Last-name Contact Age Salary Designation

Ali Hamza 0333 25 50000 Supervisor

Asad Ali 0300 27 55000 Manager

Areeb Ahsan 0345 22 45000 Auditor

First-name and last-name are alphabets


Age and Salary are integers
Age is in the range 18 to 60

● Red-colored text is the data; Blue-colored is the meta-data


Instructor: Furqan Shahid
Meta-data (cont.)
Name Type Max. Length Min-value Max-value Nullable

First-name Alphabet 15 No

Last-name Alphabet 15 No

Contact Alpha-numeric 13 Yes

Age Integer 18 60 No

Salary Integer No

Designation Alpha-numeric 20 No

Meta-data includes, names of data-items, types of data-items, lengths of data-


items, constraints on data-items, and relationships among data items etc.

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Data dictionary
A repository of the meta-data

(or)

A repository which contains information about the data

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Database, database developer, and DBMS
Database:

An organized collection of logically related data

Database developer:

A person who create and implement database in computer

Database management system (DBMS):

A software system that is used to create and maintain database in computer

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Database administrator
Database administrator plays its role once database is operational

Responsibilities include:

● Ensure security of data, optimize performance, create backup of data, restore


data in case of loss etc.

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Data model
Standard set of concepts used to represent (describe) database of an organization
Examples include:
ER model:
● Typical and most common data model
● Database represented in the form of entities, attributes, and relationships
Object oriented data model
● Database represented in the form of a set of objects
Relational data model:
● Database represented in the form of a set of tables
Instructor: Furqan Shahid
Database developer vs. DBMS
● Developer creates design of the database

● The database design created by the developer acts as input for DBMS

● Following the database-descriptions specified in the design, the DBMS


creates database in the computer system (secondary storage)

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Database design
Database design includes three phases:

● Conceptual design (outcome is the conceptual schema)


● Logical design (outcome is the logical schema)
● Physical design (outcome is the physical schema)

Schemas are explained on next slide

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Database design
Conceptual schema:
Description of the database that is independent from all type of
implementation details
Logical schema:
Description of the database for a specific data management technology (e.g.
relational technology)
Physical design:
Description of the database for how database will be created in the computer
by a specific DBMS

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Database application development
● Understand and analyze the data in the end-user's environment
● Prepare technology-independent description of the database (i.e. ERD)
● Prepare description of the database for a specific data management
technology (i.e. design and normalize database tables)
● Prepare description of the database for creation of the database in computer
using a specific DBMS (e.g. using Oracle database)
● Install DBMS and create database in computer
● Develop application program (i.e. interfaces to allow end-users for entering
and retrieving data into the database)
● Administer the database (e.g. ensure security, optimize performance, backup
and restore etc.)
Instructor: Furqan Shahid
Thank you

Instructor: Furqan Shahid

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