COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SY 2020-2021

GRADE (JHS): Grade 9

QUARTER 2 MATTER
WEEK 2

MELC: Recognize different types of compounds (ionic or covalent) based on their properties
such as melting point, hardness, polarity, and electrical and thermal conductivity.

Learning Competencies: The learners demonstrate understanding of:

1. Explain the formation of ionic and covalent bonds (S9MT-lIa-13)
2. Explain properties of metals in terms of their structure (S9MT-lIc-d-15)

Topic / Activity No. 3 Property Repeats Itself

Specific Objectives: At the end of the activity the students are able to:
a. Outline the periodic table of elements
b. Classify the property of elements when they are grouped
c. Evaluate properties applied on each element

Brief Descriptions:
Periodic table is used to assess element including their physical and chemical
properties. It serves as a guide to chemical prediction and theory. Moreover, Atomic
properties follow neither an increasing or decreasing trend across a period and down a
group.

Materials:
 Periodic Table

Instructions / Procedures:
1. Refer to the periodic table and answer the following questions.
Source: https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/new-element-117-vies-seat-periodic-
table-n95921

2. Locate the described elements.

a. Most electronegative element in Period 4

Krypton

b. Smallest atom in Group 5A

Nitrogen

c. Alkaline earth metal with the lowest electron affinity

Radium

d. Element in the lanthanide series whose electron configuration ends in 4f9

Terbium

e. Transition metal whose electron configuration ends in 5d6

Osmium

3. Write the electron configuration of Group 2A metals. Is there a pattern in their

configurations? If there is, what pattern?

In this element group, they form an energy pattern made up of valence electrons that increases
from top to bottom.

Beryllium – 1s22s2

Magnesium – 1s22s22p63s2
Calcium – 1s22s22p63s23p64s2

Strontium – 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2

Barium – 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 6s2

Radium – 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 7s2

4. How does ionization energy vary for alkali metals?

Ionization energy increases from bottom to top within a group, and increases from left to right
within a period. The trend within a group can be seen easily by observing how the ionization
energies vary for either the alkali metals (Li through Cs) or the noble gases (He through Rn).
Generally the melting point of the alkali metals decreases down the group. This is because as
the ions get larger the distance between the bonding electrons and the positive nucleus gets
larger and reduces the overall attraction between the two.

5. Write the valence shell electron configuration of the noble gases. How does this affect
their ability to form chemical bonds?

He – 2
Kr – 2, 8, 18, 8
Ne – 2, 8
Xe – 2, 8, 18, 18, 8
Rn – 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8
Ar – 2, 8, 8

Noble gases are odorless, colorless, nonflammable, and monotonic gases that have

low chemical reactivity. The full valence electron shells of these atoms make noble
gases extremely stable and unlikely to form chemical bonds because they have little tendency
to gain or lose electrons.

References: Exploring the Life Through Science General Chemistry 1, Phoenix Publishing
Science 9 Learner’s Textbook
Science 9 Teachers’ Material

Prepared by:

FAYE JOY F. DELOS REYES, TI

Commonwealth High School
COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SY 2020-2021

GRADE (JHS): GRADE 9

QUARTER 2 MATTER
WEEK 2

MELC: Explain how the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom describes the energies and
positions of the electrons.

Learning Competencies: The learners demonstrate understanding of:

1. Explain the formation of ionic and covalent bonds (S9MT-lIa-13)
2. Explain properties of metals in terms of their structure (S9MT-lIc-d-15)

Topic / Activity No.4 Dissolving Sugar

Specific Objectives: At the end of the activity the students are able to:
a. Identify the properties of elements
b. Observe evidences of molecular polarity
c. Explain the solubility of sugar using the concept of polarity

Brief Descriptions:
A polar molecule always contains one or more polar bonds; but some molecules with
polar bonds can be nonpolar overall. The polarity of substances determines their solubility in
different solvents. Solubility follows the general rule “like dissolves like”, which pertains to the
similarity of the polarity of the solute and the solvent.

Materials:
 3 clear plastic cups
 3 sugar cubes
 Water
 Cooking oil
 70% isopropyl alcohol
 White paper
 100 ml graduated cylinder (measuring cup)

Instructions/Procedures:
1. Label three plastic ups: Water, Alcohol and Oil
2. Add 30 milliliters of alcohol water and cooking oil to the designated cups.
3. Set the three cups on a white sheet of paper.
4. At the same time, add one sugar cube to each liquid.
5. Gently swirl the mixture in each cup for about 30 seconds.
6. Observe how well each solvent dissolves the sugar and describe the solubility of the
sugar. Write your other observations.

Additional Resource: You may visit this link to know how to make sugar cube
https://youtu.be/VrtxHf4CK3c
 Figure 1.

http://scientificargumentation.stanford.edu/assessments/
mixing-sugar-and-water/

Observations:

Solubility of Sugar (Insoluble,

Solvent Other Observations
Slightly soluble, Very Soluble)

The sugar cubes

Water Very soluble dissolved quickly after
falling to the water
The alcohol created a
70% Isopropyl spurt of bubbles while
alcohol
Slightly soluble
dissolving the sugar
cube
The sugar cube has
Cooking oil Insoluble broken down but it didn’t
dissolve at all

Conclusion:

I therefore concluded that water is an effective solvent, followed by isopropyl alcohol. Oil is a
like a suspension. It breaks down the material but it doesn’t posses the ability to dissolve
particles at all.
Guide Questions:

1. Ethyl alcohol is polar, while oil is nonpolar. Based on your observations, what can you
say about the polarity of sugar. Explain your answer.

Sugar is a compound known as sucrose. This compound has a lot of positive and
negative charges making it a polar molecule. Due to its decent polarity, it becomes quiet
soluble, making certain kinds of solvents have the ability to dissolve it.

2. In what solvents can sugar dissolve? Why?

In water and isoproppyl alcohol, Sugar dissolves in water because energy is given off
when the slightly polar sucrose molecules form intermolecular bonds with the
polar water molecules. The weak bonds that form between the solute and the solvent
compensate for the energy needed to disrupt the structure of both the pure solute and
the solvent. This applies the same for alcohol, the only difference is that they have a
large part that’s non-polar.

References: Exploring the Life Through Science General Chemistry 1, Phoenix Publishing
Science 9 Learner’s Textbook
Science 9 Teachers’ Material

Prepared by:

FAYE JOY F. DELOS REYES, TI

Commonwealth High School