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Science-Grade 9
Learner Activity Sheets
Quarter 4- Week 9: Transmission, Generation and Distribution of Electrical Energy

First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Writer: Luna C. Munda

Regional Validators: Edna E. Trinidad, EdD

Jomel C. Montero
Ma. Cristina G. Ballesteros
Analou T. Demetria
Christopher Christian S. Braza
Amelita B. Ajoc

Division Validators: Jean B. Ramirez Jonas F. Saldia

Elvira D. Falcon KC M. Reyna
Josie G. Gemida Luna C. Munda
Stephen Laurence C. Rosales Ivy G. Hontalba
Anni Grace C. Macalalag Delia C. Pioco
Julie Ann P. Requirme Nanette L. Samson
Marie Lou S. Paler

Management Team:
Marilou B. Dedumo, PhD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel O. Caberte, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Maria Dinah D. Abalos, PhD, CID Chief
Donald D. Orbillos, LR Manager
Jean B. Ramirez, Science Education Program Supervisor
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
GRADE 9 Science, Quarter 4, Week 9

TRANSMISSION, GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL

ENERGY

Name: ____________________________________________ Section: ________________________

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):

Explain how electrical energy is generated, transmitted, and distributed S9FE-IVhj-
46
Learning Objectives:
Specifically, after going through this learning activity sheet the student shall
be able to:
1. identify specific areas where step-up transformers and step-down transformers
are utilized;
2. describe how electric power is measured and calculate the electrical energy;
3. build a model of a simple electric generator and magnets;
4. discuss how electricity is generated from the interaction between coils; and
5. relate the motion of a simple electric generator to the motion of an actual
generator being used in a real-life electric power plant.
Time Allotment: 4 hours

Key Concepts

A transformer has two coils wound

around the same iron core. The coil where
the current is sent to is the primary; the coil
where voltage is induced is called the
secondary. The transformer core is usually
perfectly round or perfectly square. The
latter is most often used today. (see Figure
1). A perfect shape ensures that all
magnetization due to the primary coil can
run all the way to the secondary coil.

Adapted from Physics Textbook, IV

Figure 1. A transformer used from home
appliances has a complete square core to
ensure that magnetization due to the
primary coil runs all the way to the
secondary coil.

Author: Luna C. Munda 2

School/Station: Anticala National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: luna.munda@deped.gov.ph
There are two types of Transformers:

1.Step-Down Transformer has less loops in the

secondary than in the primary coil as shown in
Figure 2. The induced voltage in the secondary
coil is less than that in the primary coil

Adapted from Electronic Design.com

Figure 2. Step-Down Transformers

2.Step-Up Transformer has more loops in

the secondary coil than in the primary coil as
shown in Figure 3. The induced voltage is
greater than the input voltage.

Adapted from twinkl create.com

Figure 3. Step-Up Transformers

• The three basic electrical quantities are current, voltage, and resistance. Multiplying the
voltage and current is equal to power. For instance, the power rating of an appliance depends
on both the voltage and current.

• The formula in finding power (in watts) is written

below.

P= VI
where:
P = Power (Watts)
V = Voltage (Volts)
I = Current (Amperes)

• For example, an electric fan draws 5-A current

from a 220-V outlet, its power input is 1,100 W.
For one appliance, the power rating is large in
number, so the unit used for combined power Photo Credit: Bet Noire
rating in a household is in kilowatt (kW) which is Figure 4. Digital Electric Meter with
equal to1000 watts. All of the appliances in a LCD screen isolated on white.
household may have a combined power rating,
that is why, energy is usually computed based on the time of usage of the appliances.

• To get the total energy used by an appliance in an hour, multiply the power consumption
by the one hour as in the formula below:

Author: Luna C. Munda 3

School/Station: Anticala National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: luna.munda@deped.gov.ph
 E = Pt
Where:
E = Energy used (kWh)
P = Power, (W)
t = Time (s)
• Electrical power plants produce electricity. Most energy sources such as coal, oil, diesel,
heat from the earth’s interior are used to make turbines work, which are then connected to
a device called a generator which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
• A simple DC generator is a rotating loop in a magnetic field which produces current that
fluctuates in value but does not change direction. The current is thus called pulsating direct
current (DC).
• A simple AC generator is a rotating loop in a magnetic field which produces current that
fluctuates in value and changes direction every half-rotation of the loop. The current is thus
called alternating (AC).
• Commercial generators in power plants produce alternating current. They have coils which
are stationary (called stator) and a rotating electromagnet (called rotor). As the rotor turns
inside the stator, it generates current in the stator.
• Electrical energy from a power plant is transmitted at high voltage and low current to
minimize power losses. Step-up transformers raise output voltage from generators before
transmission.
• Electrical energy distribution begins at the first substation where the transmission voltage
is initially reduced. A subsequent substation, voltage is further cut down. The final
reduction of the voltage to 220 volts occurs at distribution transformers found on electric
poles. From there, power is brought to houses through service wires.

Activity 1. Step up and Step down Transformers

Objective:

Identify specific areas where step-up transformers and step-down transformers are
utilized.

What you need:

Paper and ballpoint pen

What to do: Cite for Step-up and Step down transformers and answer the guide
question.

1. 2. 3.

Figure 5. Transformers change voltages at several points in a power distribution system. Electric power is usually
generated at greater than 10 kV, and transmitted long distances at voltages over 200 kV—sometimes as great as 700
kV—to limit energy losses. Local power distribution to neighborhoods or industries goes through a substation and is
sent short distances at voltages ranging from 5 to 13 kV. This is reduced to 120, 240, or 480 V for safety at the individual
user site.

Author: Luna C. Munda 4

School/Station: Anticala National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: luna.munda@deped.gov.ph
Guide questions

1. What are the applications of a Step up transformers and Step down transformers?
2. Explain how transformer is able to control power to the light bulb.

3 2 1
Explanations are conceptually Explanations are conceptually Explanations are conceptually
correct and complete correct and incomplete correct

Activity 2. Electrical Power and Energy: Problem Solving

Objective:

Describe how electric power is measured and calculate the electrical energy
usage.

What you need:

Paper and ballpoint pen

What to do:

1.Study the sample problem.

2. Solve the following problems in calculating energy cost.

Sample problem:
1. How much does it cost to operate a 600 W refrigerator for 24 hours if electrical energy costs
6.88 pesos per kWh (includes both generation and distribution charges –Meralco rate as of
January 2014?

Find: Cost to operate

E=Pt
= (0.600 kW) (24h)
E=14.4 kWh
Cost = (14.4 kWh) (6.88 pesos/kWh)
=99.07 pesos 1
2. A Kettle has a power rating of 2200 watts and is used for 80 seconds. Calculate the total
energy transferred.

E= P x t
E = 2200 watts x 80 seconds
E= 176,000 Joules
E= 176,000 kJ

Note:
1. The watts unit number 1.00 W converts to 1 J/s, one joule per second. It is the EQUAL power
value of 1 joule per second but in the watts power unit alternative.
2. 1 hour = 3600 seconds
Problem Solving

1. How much does it cost to operate a 400 W television for 8 hours, in a day, if electrical energy
costs 9.71 pesos per kWh (includes both generation and distribution charges)? in a month,
for the month of June?
Author: Luna C. Munda 5
School/Station: Anticala National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: luna.munda@deped.gov.ph
 2. A fan has a power rating of 20 watts and is used for 1 hour. Calculate the total energy
transferred.

Activity 3. Light me Up!

Objectives:

1.Illustrate how to build a model of a simple electric generator

2.Discuss how electricity is generated from the interaction between coils and magnets
3. Relate the motion of a simple electric generator to the motion of an actual generator being
used in a real-life electric power plant

What you need:

Paper Ballpoint pen

What to do: Match column A to column B and Arrange in order on how to build simple
Generator. Write your answer before the number.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_______1. Attach the toothpaste cap on
top of the magnet cd and secure it on top a.
of the copper coil as cd as shown. Let the
CD turn around on its axis to produce
light in the LED.

_______2. Fasten a 2-3 inches’ wood s

Adapted from Science 9 Learner’s Material.
crew in the middle of a wooden board. Source: https://www.napocor.gov.ph
Using glue, attach the disc magnets to Figure 6. Simple Generator
the cd and arrange them as seen in the
figure. b.

_______3. Place a sewing machine bobbin

/ washer in the center of the cd.
Adapted from Science 9 Learner’s Material.
Source: https://www.napocor.gov.ph
Figure 8. Sewing machine bobbin /
_______4. Make 500 turns of copper wire Washer in the center
by winding it around a small circular c.
barrel. Scrape the ends of the insulation
and connect a light emitting diode (LED).
Attach the copper coils to the base cd.
Attach disc magnets on the other cd as
shown below. Adapted from Science 9 Learner’s Material.
Source: https://www.napocor.gov.ph
Figure 9. Activity Set-Up
d.

Adapted from Science 9 Learner’s Material.

Source: https://www.napocor.gov.ph
Figure 7. Turns of Copper wire

Author: Luna C. Munda 6

School/Station: Anticala National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: luna.munda@deped.gov.ph
Guide Questions
Q1. Why did the LED light up when the magnet cd was made to turn around the
axis?
Q2. Why was it possible to produce electricity without an energy source?
Q3. In electric power plants, turbines are actually connected to generators which
are composed of magnets and coils. How do turbines produce electricity?

3 2 1
Explanations are conceptually Explanations are conceptually Explanations are conceptually
correct and complete correct and incomplete correct

Reflection

Suggest a way on how we can save on electrical energy consumption for each of the following:

a. Washing machine
b. Refrigerator
c. Clothes Iron
d. Lights and lamps
e. Electric Fans
f. Television

Rubrics for rating the reflection:

CRITERIA SCORE
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the concepts, 3 points
and has no misconception.
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the concepts, 2 points
but with minimal misconception.
Practical application is explained consistent to the concepts, but with 1 point
misconceptions.
No discussion 0 point

References:
Alvarez, Liza A., Angeles, Dave G., Apurada, Herman L., Carmona, Ma. Pilar P., Lahorra, Oliver
A., Marcaida, Judith F., Olarte, Ma. Regaele A., Osorio, Estrella C.,
Paningbatan, Digna C., Rosales, Marivic S., Delos Santos, Ma. Teresa B. 2014. "Science 9
Learner's Module." 283-293. Pasig City: Department of Education

Pople, Stephen (1996) Coordinated Science Physics. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 2nd ed.
Renuga 2011.Lower Secondary Physics Secondary 1& 2 Science. Fartfield Book Publishers,
Singapore

Author: Luna C. Munda 7

School/Station: Anticala National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: luna.munda@deped.gov.ph
 email address: luna.munda@deped.gov.ph
Division: Butuan City
School/Station: Anticala National High School
8 Author: Luna C. Munda
Activity 3. Light me Up!
Column A Column B
4th 1. D
1st 2. A
Reflection 3rd 3. C
Answers may vary
2nd 4. B
Possible answer for Letter a.
Guide Questions
In order to save energy when using Possible Answers:
washing machine, we need to use it 1. Current was induced in the
properly such as Avoid coils of copper wire due to the
prewashing (+15% consumption). If changing magnetic field.
your laundry is very dirty, use laundry 2. A changing magnetic field
balls. These mix the laundry up and
induces current in coils of
improve the efficiency of the wash.
wire. This is also known as
Wash at 30°. This is adequate in most
electromagnetic induction.
cases and is gentler on your clothes! If
3. Turbines are connected to
you are washing at a lower
temperature, choose a liquid detergent. generators consisting of large
These are more effective because they magnets and conductors.
are already dissolved. Turbines are rotated either
Give preference to longer but more mechanically or by means of
economical eco programmes (30 to steam from boiling water
45% energy saving). which is heated by the fuel
If your laundry is not really dirty and source. Turbines produce a
your machine allows it, you can also changing magnetic field inside
use the 'fast', 'express' or '15 minutes' the generator which in turn
programme. The shorter duration of produces electricity.
this programme offsets the electricity
consumption.
Activity 1. Step up and Step down
Transformers
1.Step –up Transformer
2.Step-down Transformer
3.Step- down Transformer
Guide Question:
Activity 2. Electrical Power and Possible Answer
Energy: Problem Solving
1.Find: Cost to operate Step-up transformers - is used
E=Pt in transmission lines for transforming
= (0.400 kW) (8h) the high voltage produced by the
E=3.2 kWh alternator. The power loss of the
Cost = (3.2kWh) (9.71 pesos/kWh transmission line is directly
=31.072 pesos proportional to the square of the
2. E =P x t current flows through it while Step
E= 20x 3600 down transformer is used for
E= 72,000 Joules electrical isolation, in a power
E= 72,000 kJ distribution network, for controlling
the home appliances, in a doorbell, etc.
Answer Key