Project On Cancer)

This is Project Report/Essay - Cancer.
Among disease,
Cancer ranks high as a major killer being responsible in
recent years. Cancer is estimated that about one million
people in United States receives treatment for some kind of
Cancer each year. Of these, more than half are new cases,
having been diagnosed for the first time during the year. If
present trends continue, about one forth of the nation's
citizen's will sooner or later develop cancer.
These are several kinds cancer all of them malignant
tumors. A tumor is a swelling or mass resulting from
abnormal growth of tissue. Cancer is likely to damage
important or vital organs or tissue in any or all part of the
body. Causing serious disease and often death.
OBSERVATION :-
Now a days, lot of people suffer from unavoidable disease
known as cancer.
PROBLEM :-
Cancer still tolls huge numbers of lines. In spite of effective
treatment, basic understanding of the causes and factors
responsible for cancer
HYPOTHESIS :-
1. Cancer remain unidentified in initial stage.
2. Carcinogens induces cancer which are prevent in
environment due to pollution.
3. Normal genes of body become defective and cause
cancer.
4. Lack of awareness in public to identify the cancer.
The cancer is an incurable disease but it can be treated by
combination of surgery, drugs and radiation therapy.
TYPES OF CANCER
Some important type of Cancer are :-
1. Leukemia : Cancer of blood in which white blood cells
show an abnormal increase.
2. Carcinomas : Cancer of epithelial cells.
3. Sarcomas : Cancer of connective tissue.
4. Lymphomas : Cancer of lymphatic tissue.
5. Lipomas : Cancer of adipose tissue.
CHARACTERISTIC OF CANCER CELLS
A few important characteristic of Cancer Cells are given
below :
1. Cancer cell cultures are immortal and can grow
indefinitely.
2. Cancer cell do not show contact inhibition.
3. Cancer Cells lack intracellular adhesion.
4. Cancer Cells does not depend upon anchorage.
5. In cancer cells molecular changes in all membrane
components (glycolipids and glycoprotein) have been
found.
6. Tuberous cells consume much more glucose than normal
cell because they have to grow and multiply.
CAUSES OF CANCER
The cause of cancer are not fully understood. However it is
known that some chemicals are carcinogenic or cancer
causing. Some causes of cancer are given below :
1. Certain chemicals found in cigarette and smoke,

asbestoses, nickel and certain dyes, to mention only a few
of the many substances implicated in the induction of
cancer.
2. Heredity has a definite influence on the occurrence of
cancer in human being.
3. Exposure of ultraviolet rays also cause cancer.
4. X-Rays can also induce cancer.
5. Tobacco chewing is also the main cause of the oral
cancer.
6. Syphilis of the tongue, jagged teeth often precedes
cancer of the tongue.
There must be still other factors in the causing of cancer.
We should lookout for any condition likely to cause cancer
or for the earliest signs of what may be developing cancer.
CANCER SYMPTOMS
1. Any persistent lump or thickening in tissue, especially in
the lip and tongue or breast.
2. Unexplained lose of weight.
3. Difficulty in swallowing.
4. Persistent cough or hoarseness.
5. A change in digestive habits.
6. Loss of blood through natural orifice or excess out of date
loss of blood in women.
7. Change in colour of infected areas (like male wart)
8. A swelling or sore throat that does not heal easily.
CARCINOGENS
Carcinogens – target tissues
1. Coulter ( 3,4 berizopirene) - Skin ,
lungs
2. Cadmium oxide - Prostate
3. Afiotoxin ( a mould metabolite) - liver
4. Mustard gas - lungs
5. Nickel and chromium - lungs
6. Cigarette smoke - lungs
Location for Cancer
Cancer occurring in any one part of body has unique
characteristic. Now there is a list in alphabetical order the
various parts of body in which cancer commonly occurs.
1. Bile Ducts :
The bile ducts may become involved either with cancer
developing within the ducts themselves or with cancer in
adjacent structures. The earlier significant symptom in
Jaundice, which results from continuous obstruction to flow
of bile.
2. Breast :
The breast is the common site of cancer in women lumps in
the breasts is caused by cancer. So the physician is dealing
with early case of lump in the breast, has to differentiate
between benign tumour and malignant one.
3. Bone :
The cancer of bone grows due to blood streams or from
some adjacent organ or tissues. Bone cancer causes pain
swelling and weaken the bone.
4. Esophagus :
Cancer of Esophagus is also common it may occur in any
part of organ from the throat on down, but mostly in the
lower part. Due to cancer of Esophagus, there is difficulty in
the swallowing.
5. Lung :
The cancer of lungs is becoming more prominent in our
country which causes maximum death in our country. The
main reason for the lung cancer is cigarette without
treatment the survival rate for the usual type of lung cancer
is zero. In the total type of cancer 40% are infected by the
lung cancer.
The reason for the high mortality rate :
1. It is highly malignant.
2. It causes no distinctive early symptoms.
6. Ovary :
This is the most dreadful cancer amongst the women. The
most of the women die due to cancer of ovary in our
country. This can be treated by surgery.
7. Pancreas :
The cancer of pancreas causes the pain in the upper part of
the membrane. Cancer of pancreas also causes Jaundice.
The cancer is highly malignant cancer of pancreas is more
common in men than women. This can be removed by
surgery.
8. Stomach :
Cancer of stomach is also more common in men than
women. Symptoms are indigestion, loss of appetite, loss of
weight etc. Surgical removal without delay of all or part of
the stomach is only proper treatment.
9. Thyroid :
This cancer causes the enlargement of thyroid gland,
development of nodules in the gland. The removal of these
nodules is very necessary for the treatment of this disease.
10. Tongue :
Cancer of tongue cause more death than any other cancer
within the mouth. It results persistent inflammation
.
CURE AND TREATMENT OF CANCER
Diagnosis :
Biopsy of tissue, endoscopy (Gastro scope for stomach), X-
Rays ultrasound are important tests.
Antcarcinogens :
They are the substances which prevent the action of
carcinogens. Antcarcinogens occur in green yellow
vegetables, fruits, milk. They are riboflavin (milk),
flavonoids (green-yellow vegetables and fruits), Vitamin C,
indoles (Cabbage) etc. B-carotene present in green yellow
vegetables is promoter-inhibitor which weakens the action
of cancer promoters.
Treatment of Cancer:
Surgery, Bone marrow grafting (for leukemia),
radiotherapy (exposure to radio isotopes), hormonal
therapy, chemo therapy (use of chemicals) drugs which are
more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells. Two drugs
(Vincristin and Vinblastin) from catharanthus roseus
(Vinca-rosea) are effective in controlling leukemia. Toxal is
anticancer drug obtained from Taxus baccata.
CONCLUSION
Cancer disease is incurable, but timely action can cure this
disease to some extent. X-Rays and Radium have proved to
be valuable aid to surgery in the treatment of many cases.
They provide the only useful treatment for cancer of lymph
node tissues, for cancers too extended to the curable
irritation also helps to cause the cancer tissue to shrink and
give relief.
We feel that we must consult an experienced physician for
a through examination and advice if any suspicious sign or
symptoms is observed. Delay can cause the death or a
person. Therefore such delay is very dangerous.
BIBLOGRAPHY
www.google.com
www.yahoo .com
Class 12th Biology Book

Project On Cancer)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Project On Cancer)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Project On Cancer)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

This is Project Report/Essay - Cancer.

1. Certain chemicals found in cigarette and smoke,

You might also like