Quantitative vs. Qualitative

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LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH I

Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Name: ________________________________________ Grade and Section: _________________
Learning Competency with code

• differentiate quantitative from qualitative research (CS_RS11-IIIa-4)
• provide examples of qualitative research in areas of interest (CS_RS11- IIIa-5)
INTRODUCTION
This module is designed to let you understand the difference between quantitative and qualitative research.
Moreover, you will be provided with some examples of research so you will be able to think about possible research
in your area of interest or field of specialization. As a senior high school student, you have to be knowledgeable about
these because you will be required to create your own output at the end of the semester.
What I Know
Instruction: Read and analyze the following characteristics of research method carefully. Classify whether it is for
QUANTITATIVE or QUALITATIVE. Write your answers on your notebook.
__________ 1. Aims to characterize trends and patterns
__________ 2. Applies more flexible processes
__________ 3. Gains greater understanding of group similarities
__________ 4. Follows structured processes
__________ 5. Employs structured research instruments
__________ 6. Chooses small sample sizes purposely
__________ 7. Focuses on greater understanding of individual differences
__________ 8. Administers either unstructured or semi-structured instruments
__________ 9. Provides deeper context and meaning
__________ 10. Starts with neither a theory nor hypothesis
What’s New
Take a look on the comic strip below. Can you distinguish the difference between the two panels?
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DEVELOPMENT
Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)
There are two broad categories of research methodology: quantitative research and qualitative research.
The method to be used in conducting a research will determine the approach the researcher takes in identifying
relevant data, and collecting and analyzing the information gathered in the research. Choosing
either a quantitative or qualitative approach will affect the components of the research. For instance, a researcher
may decide to undertake a scientific research. If he/she takes a quantitative approach, he/she will use statistical data
to provide an explanation of the phenomenon. On the other hand, if the researcher chooses qualitative approach, the
goal of the study will be to discuss and analyze the underlying concepts and theories related to the research topic.
For you to easily understand the similarities and differences between the two research methods, here is a short
definition of terms that you have to be familiar with.
• contact time – the period when the researcher interacts with the research subjects or participants to obtain relevant
information
• hypothesis – a statement usually predicting the relationship between variables that can be tested by scientific
research
• outlier – a statistical observation in a set of data that is inconsistent with the majority of the data
• output replicability – capable of repetition, imitation or reproduction
• research instrument – a measurement tool designed to obtain, measure and analyze data from research subjects
around the research topic
• sample size – the number of subjects to be taken from the target population of the study
• trend – an assumed development in the future that will have a long-term and lasting effect; prevailing style or
preference
• validity – the functional quality of research instrument on obtaining data and producing results based on the purpose
of the study
• variable – any characteristic that can have different values or traits that may vary across research participants
Now, study the following table cited by Cristobal & Cristobal (2017) from the Social Science Research Extension
Institute (SSREI), University of the Philippines (UP)-Baguio (2009).
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

Aims to characterize trends and patterns Involves processes, feelings, and motives (the why’s and
the how’s) and produces in-depth and holistic data
Usually starts with either a theory or hypothesis about Usually concerned with generating hypothesis from data
the relationship between two or more variables rather than testing a hypothesis
Uses structured research instruments like questionnaires Uses either unstructured or semistructured instruments
or schedules
Uses large sample sizes that are representatives of the Uses small sample sizes chosen purposely
population
Has high output replicability Has high validity
Used to gain greater understanding of group Used to gain greater understanding of individual
Similarities differences in terms of feelings, motives, and
experiences
Uses structured processes Uses more flexible processes
Methods include census, survey, experiment, and Methods include field research, case study, and
secondary analysis secondary analysis
Generally, quantitative and qualitative research differs on the type of data they produce. The former dwells on the
collection of numerical data analyzed by statistical analysis, while the latter deals with descriptive, in-depth and holistic
data analyzed by summarizing, categorizing and interpreting. On this note, you need to use quantitative research if you
want to confirm or test a theory or hypothesis and use qualitative research if you want to understand
concepts, thoughts and experiences.
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Here is a simple example on how you can apply two methods differently on the same research question, “How
satisfied are students with their studies?
• In quantitative research, you may survey 250 students at your school and ask them a question, “On a scale from
1-5, how satisfied are you with your studies?” Then, you can perform statistical analysis on the data and draw
conclusions such as: “On average, students rated their studies 4.1”.
• In qualitative research, you may conduct in-depth interviews with 15 students and ask them open-ended
questions such as: “How satisfied are you with your studies?”, “What is the most positive aspect of your study
program?”, and “What can be done to improve the study program?” Based on their answers, you can ask
followup questions to clarify things. Furthermore, you can transcribe all interviews and try to find patterns and
commonalities.
Do you want to know more?
Read and analyze the following table from “What is Qualitative Research” by Alasuutari (2011) to be deeply
acquainted with quantitative and qualitative research based on different categories.
Category Quantitative Qualitative

Question Domains Who, What, When, Where How, What, Why
Common Sample Size 150 to 200+ 10 to 15
Contact Time 10 to 20 minutes 45 to 240 minutes each
Validity Must be true of most of the data or nomothetic Must be true of each case or
(laworiented) ideographic (case-oriented)
Variables Define relationships and establish general case Describe relationship and establish
meaning structures and contexts
Outliers Unique positions lost to the weight of the average Valuable descriptive cases with
unique access to average cases
Examples Surveys, numerical counts, statistical analyses, Interviews, literature content
Mathematical modeling reviews, real world observations,
case studies, ethnographies
Here are some examples of research conducted by Abdullah (2019; 2020) to give you a glimpse on how the two
methodologies can be applied in different studies.
Qualitative Research 1: Qualitative Research 2:
K-Pop Apocalypse: Invading Livelihood Aspirations and Life Struggles

Filipino Cultures of Badjao People
This study aimed to explore why This study aimed to discover the livelihood
Filipino cultures are invaded by aspirations and life struggles of Badjao people
the K-Pop mania. In this research, in the 21st century generation. In this
the researcher used survey and ethnographic research, the researcher
descriptive method to determine employed participant observation with a
the reasons and venues of where combination of unstructured interviews as
Filipinos would usually find out tools in acquiring data. This involved the use
about K-pop. Their answers of behavioral analysis and recording of the
would then help the researcher information gained from participating and
gather data on the awareness of observing on daily interactions. Through face-
the respondents regarding K-pop to-face discussions, the respondents’
and how it has penetrated their life subjective and detailedpersonal story can be
and culture. told. This further granted access to deep
knowledge and explanations, and helped in
grasping the subjects’ perspective on their
livelihood aspirations and life struggles.
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ENGAGEMENT
Instruction: Compare and contrast the two broad categories of research by using the Venn Diagram below. Write
three (3) distinctive characteristics of quantitative research in the right part of the circle and three (3) qualitative
research in the left, while cite (4) siilarities in the middle. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
DIFFERENCES DIFFERENCES
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
SIMILARITIES
ASSIMILATION /PERFORMANCE
Instruction: Read and analyze the following concepts. Then, categorize them into what type of research method they
belong to. Write your answer in the table and accomplish it on a sheet of paper.
• The researcher is an objective observer.
• There is one concrete reality being governed by unchanging natural laws that can explain any given
phenomenon.
• The researcher is part of the context and intrinsically linked to the findings.
• Concerns of bias are not part of research because the researcher is transparent.
• There is one true reality regardless of context.
• A phenomenon can be understood by studying its component parts.
• Conditions must be carefully controlled to prevent unwanted influences.
• Reality is context-specific.
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• A phenomenon can be understood only when studied as a whole.
• Reality is socially and experientially constructed – resulting in multiple realities of a phenomenon.
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
REFLECTION
Write your insights about the lesson by completing the prompts below:
I understand that
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
I realized that
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
References
Labrador, D. S. (First Edition, 2020). Quantitative and Qualitative. Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City,
Bataan: Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan.
Prepared by:
MA. ALONA T. DIMACULANGAN

Teacher
Noted:
JOCELYN P. ARQUILLO
Principal II

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1

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH I

Learning Competency with code

Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

Do you want to know more?

Category Quantitative Qualitative

Qualitative Research 1: Qualitative Research 2:

K-Pop Apocalypse: Invading Livelihood Aspirations and Life Struggles

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

MA. ALONA T. DIMACULANGAN

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