COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 2  Feeling of empowerment and control

Prelim  Subgroups participate in decision making in

community matters
THE NURSING PROCESS IN THE CARE OF THE
COMMUNITY  Ability to cope
 Open channels of communication and
Principles of Community Health Nursing cooperation
 Equitable and efficient use of community
1. Focus on the community as the unit of care.
resources
2. Give priority to community needs.
3. Work with the community as an equal partner of Community Assessment
the health team.
4. In selecting appropriate activities, focus on  The nurse needs to collect data on the three
primary prevention. categories of community health determinants:
5. Promote a healthful physical and psychosocial  People
environment.  Place
6. Reach out to all who may benefit from a specific  Social System
service.  The nurse utilizes the approach that is most
7. Promote optimum use of resources. appropriate to the community and the purpose of
8. Collaborate with others working in the the assessment
community.
Comprehensive Needs Assessment
Conditions in the Community Affecting Health
 The nurse gathers information about the entire
 People community using a systematic process where
 Population Variables: data is collected regarding all aspects of the
- Size community to be able to identify actual and
- Density potential health problems.
- Composition
Problem – Oriented Assessment
- Rate of growth or decline
- Cultural Characteristics  The nurse collects information with a certain
- Mobility community problem in mind, and then proceeds
- Social Class to gather information from the aggregate
- Educational Level vulnerable to the problem.
 Location
 Affected by both natural and man – made Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH)
variables  A community health planning model based on
 Social System Green’s PRECEDE model.
 Patterned series of interrelationships  Data collected for the PATCH process for
 Components: health planning
- Family 1. Community profile
- Economic 2. Morbidity and mortality data
- Educational 3. Behavioral data
- Communication 4. Opinion data
- Political
- Legal
- Religious Collecting Primary Data
- Recreational
 Observation
- Health Systems
 Ocular or windshield survey
 Nurse spots for vulnerable groups
 Participant observation is a purposeful
Characteristics of a Healthy Community observation of formal and informal
 Shared sense of being a community community activities by sharing, if possible,
in the life of the community.
  Survey – related conditions in the community in an
 Made up of a series of questions for easily understandable manner.
systematic collection of information.  To make members of the community
 Appropriate for determining community appreciate the significance and relevance of
attitudes, knowledge, health behaviors and health information to their lives.
perceptions of health and health services.  To solicit broader support and participation
 Informant Interview in the community health process.
 Interview may be structured where the nurse  To validate findings.
directs the talk based on an interview guide,  To allow for a wider perspective in the
or it may be unstructured where the analysis of data.
informant guides the talk.  To provide a basis for better decision
 Purposeful talks making.
 Community Forum Planning Community Health Interventions
 Open meeting of the members of the
community.  Priority Setting
 Used as a venue for informing the people  Significance of the problem
about secondary data, for data validation and  The level of community awareness
for getting feedback from the people  Ability to reduce risk
themselves about previously gathered data.  Determining cost of reducing risk
 Focus Group  Ability to identify the target population
 Made up of a much smaller group, usually 6  Availability of resources
– 12 members only.  Formulating Goals and Objectives
 Example is a focus group of first – time  Goals are the desired outcomes at the end of
pregnant women. interventions, whereas objectives are the
short – term changes in the community that
Secondary Data Sources
are observed as the health team and the
 Registry of Vital Events community work towards the attainment of
 Act 3753 goals.
- Established the civil registry system in  Deciding on Community Interventions
the Philippines and requires the  Because of their inherent differences, what
registration of vital events, such as may work for one community may not be
births, marriages and deaths. effective in another. The group analyzes the
 Presidential Decree 856 reasons for people’s health behavior and
- Requires a death certificate before burial directs strategies to respond to the
of the deceased. underlying causes.
 Health Records and Reports  Implementing the Community Health
 Field Health Service Information System Interventions
(FHSIS)  Referred to as the action phase
 Official recording and reporting system of  The entire process is intended to enhance the
the Department of Health community’s capability in dealing with
 Disease Registries common health conditions/problems.
 Listing of persons diagnosed with a specific  Evaluation of Community Health
type of disease in a defined population Interventions
 Census Data  Structure evaluation
 Periodic governmental enumeration of the - Involves looking into the manpower and
population. physical resources of the agency
 During a census, people may be assigned to responsible for community health
a locality by dejure or de facto method. interventions.
 Purposes of Presenting Community Data  Process evaluation
 To inform the health team and members of - Is examining the manner by which
the community of existing health and health assessment, diagnosis, planning,
implementation and evaluation were
undertaken. Outcome evaluation is
determining the degree of attainment of
goals and objectives.